Ukuphathwa Kwe-Inventory Yerestaurant Eningizimu Afrika: Landelela Isitoko, Nciphisa Ukulahleka
Ukuphathwa kwe-inventory kungcono kungenye yezona zici zibulala inzuzo emarestaurant aseNingizimu Afrika. Ukudla kuba cishe 29% yezindleko zokusebenza e-SA, futhi ukulahleka ngokuvamile kubiza 5–10% yokuthenga kokudla. Isithako ngasinye esilahlekile noma isigaba esilahlekile sidonsa emargin yakho. Leli gaidu lithatha ukuphathwa kwe-inventory yerestaurant nokulawula isitoko serestaurant empeleni: izinga ze-par, i-FIFO, ukubala okunembile, nobuchwepheshe ukuze wazi okunakho, okudingayo, nokulahlekelwayo.
Kungani Ukuphathwa Kwe-Inventory Yerestaurant Kubalulekile
I-inventory isemaphakathi nendawo yezindleko zokudla zakho. Uma uliphatha ngendlela engalungile, izinombolo zakho azilungile — yonke isinqumo ngamanani, ukuthenga, nokutholakala kwemanu iba ukuqagela.
Iphecenti yezindleko zokudla yakho ithi: i-inventory yokuqala + ukuthenga − i-inventory yokugcina = izindleko zempahla ethengisiwe (COGS). Ukubala okunganembile kusho i-COGS engalungile nephecenti yezindleko zokudla engalungile, ngakho awukwazi ukuthi uyiphonsa yini inhloso (ngokuvamile 28–35% kumarestaurant anesevisi ephelele) noma uphuma imargin. Ukuze uthole ukungena okujulile, bheka igaidi yethu yokulawula izindleko zokudla.
Ngaphandle kokuphathwa kwe-inventory yerestaurant okucacile, isitoko esidala sigqitshiwe sigcine siphela (inani elijwayelekile le-5–10% lokulahleka ngokuvamile ukuzungeza okungcono nokungaboni). Ukubala isitoko njalo kubamba ukweba nokusebenzisa ngaphezulu kusenesikhathi; uma ubala ngenyanga kuphela, uyathola izinkinga emavikini edlule.
Lapho wazi ukusetshenziswa nazinga ze-par, uthenga okudingayo esikhundleni sokuthenga ngaphezulu noma ngaphansi, futhi ugcina izinto ezidumile zise stock ukuze imenu yakho ihlale itholakala. Ukuphathwa kwestoko serestaurant okuhle kuguqula ukuthenga ibe inqubo ephindaphindwayo.
Ukusetha Izinga Ze-Par
Izinga ze-par yinani eliphansi lento ngayinye ofuna ukuba naso — yanele ukuhlela ukuze kufike ukulethwa okulandelayo, kanye nesivikeli sokuphepha. Lapho isitoko sehla size size noma singaphansi kwepar, uthenga okuningi.
Indlela yokubala i-par
Par = (Ukusetshenziswa kwansuku zonke okusilinganiswe × Izinsuku phakathi kokulethwa) + Isitoko sokuphepha
- Ukusetshenziswa kwansuku zonke okusilinganiswe — Amayunithi asetshenzisiwe esikhathini (isib. amaviki amabili) ahlukaniswe ngezinsuku. Sebenzisa idatha ye-POS noma yerecipe uma unayo; okunye sebenzisa idatha yoku-oda edlule nokubala.
- Izinsuku phakathi kokulethwa — Uma umhlinzeki wakho eletha ngoLwesibili nangoLwesihlanu, igebe elide kungenzeka libe izinsuku ezintathu; sebenzisa lokho kokudla okuyimpombolo.
- Isitoko sokuphepha — Isivikeli esengeziwe ngosuku olusebenza kakhulu, ukubambezeleka kwabahlinzeki, noma ukukhuphuka kwesizini. Isimo esivamile ngu-10–20% wokusetshenziswa ngesikhathi sokulethwa, noma okulingana nezinsuku eziyi-1–2 zezinto eziyinkinga.
Isibonelo ngamaRand
Usebenzisa amakhilogramu angu-24 we-chicken fillet ngeviki (3.4 kg/usuku). Umhlinzeki eletha ngoLwesibili nangoLwesihlanu (igebe elide izinsuku ezintathu). Isitoko sokuphepha: usuku olulodwa (3.4 kg). Par = (3.4 × 3) + 3.4 = 14 kg. Lapho ukubala kungu-14 kg noma ngaphansi, thenga okwanele ukuze ufinyelele izinga lakho eliphezulu, hhayi nje i-par. Buyela e-par okungenani ngenkathi ngayinye; phakamisa ngaphambi kukaDisemba noma imicimbi esebenza kakhulu, lungisa phansi ngemva kwezinyanga ezithule.
Indlela Ye-FIFO: First In, First Out
I-FIFO (First In, First Out) iyizinga elihle lokuzungeza ekhishini lorerestaurant. Umbono: sebenzisa isitoko esidala kuqala ukuze lutho lungahlali ngemuva size siphele.
Amalebula nokubekwa kweshelifi
Isitoko esisha siba ngemuva (noma ngaphansi) kwesidala; abasebenzi bathatha ngaphambili ukuze esidala sisetshenziswe kuqala. Beka usuku olutholiwe noma use-by label kukho konke okuqukethwe (isib. DD/MM/YYYY). Ngaphandle kwezinsuku, i-FIFO iwuqagela.
Indlela Yokwenza Ukubala Kwestoko
Ukubala isitoko yindlela kuphela yokwazi okunakho ngempela. Ukuqagela noma “ukubuka amehlo” kuholela ku-COGS engalungile, iphesenti yezindleko zokudla engalungile, nokuthenga okungalungile.
Ubuningi: nsuku zonke, ngeviki, ngenyanga
| Ubuningi | Yini okufanele uyibale | Kungani |
|---|---|---|
| Nsuku zonke | Izinto ezinani eliphezulu (inyama, izinhlanzi zasolwandle, ubisi oluphezulu, utshwala) | Kubamba ukweba nokusebenzisa ngaphezulu ngokushesha. Amarestaurant amaningi ase-SA enza ukubala okwemizuzu eyi-5–10 ezintweni eziphezulu kuphela. |
| Ngeviki | Okuyimpombolo nempahla eyisisekelo esomile | Vumelana nohlelo lwakho lokulethwa (isib. ngokuhlwa kweSonto noma ekuseni kweMvulo) ukuze i-COGS nokubala kwe-par kuhlale kuhambisana. |
| Ngenyanga | Isitolo esomile nezingempombolo (izinto ezingamathini, ipasta, izinto zokuhlanza) | Kwanele zezinto ezishintsha kancane; usadinga inombolo ye-COGS ne-balance sheet. |
Indlela eSebenzayo: ukubala okuphelele ngeviki, nokubala okusheshayo nsuku zonke ezintweni ezinani eliphezulu nokuhlola okuphelele ngenyanga kuhlanganise isitolo esomile nezingempombolo.
Ukulahleka nokuncipha
Akukho konke isitoko esilahlekile okuthengisiwe. Ukulahleka nokuncipha — igebe phakathi kokusetshenziswa okufanele (kusukela ekuthengiseni namarecipe) nokusetshenzisiwe ngempela (kusukela ekubalweni nasekuthengweni) — kufihlekile ezindaweni eziningi: ukulahleka kokulungisa, ukonakala, ukusebenzisa ngaphezulu kwezigaba, ukweba. Amarekhodi okulahleka: rekhoda nsuku zonke ngesikhathi okuthile kulahlwa — ukonakalisiwe, kuwele, noma okulungisiwe ngaphezulu — rekhoda: usuku, into, inani, isizathu, futhi uma kungenzeka umsebenzi noma isiteshi. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi ubona amaphethini: into efanayo ihlala ilahlekile, ishifthi efanayo, isizathu esifanayo.
Iphecenti yokulahleka: Iphecenti yokulahleka = (Inani lokulahleka okurekhodiwe ÷ Ukuthenga kokudla okuphelele noma i-COGS) × 100. Uma urekhoda u-R8,000 ekulahlekeni ngenyanga futhi i-COGS yakho ingu-R160,000, ukulahleka kungu-5%. Amabhentshi umkhakha aphakamisa 5–10% kuyajwayelekile; hlosa ukuba ekupheleni okuphansi.
Ukusebenzisa Ubuchwepheshe Bokuphathwa Kwe-Inventory
Amaspredishithi namabhodi asebenza kodwa ayasheshi futhi anamaphutha. Isoware yokuphathwa kwe-inventory yerestaurant ehlanganiswe ne-POS yakho inciphisa amaphutha okubala, yenza izinga zokuthenga kabusha okuzenzakalelayo, futhi inikeza imibiko yokwehluka ephakamisa ukweba nokulahleka.
Imibiko yokwehluka
Ngemva kokubala okubonakalayo, qhathanisa okuyitheory (okuqala + ukuthenga − ukudonsa kokuthengisa) nangempela (okubalile). Umehluko wukwehluka — ukwehluka okukhulu kusho iphutha lokubala, ukulahleka okungarekhodiwe, ukusebenzisa ngaphezulu kwezigaba, noma ukweba. Imibiko yokwehluka iguqula ukulahleka okungabonakali ibe inombolo ongayenza ngayo.
UTafela ulandelela kanjani i-inventory
Tafela ixhumanisa isitoko sakho namarecipe ne-POS yakho. Uchaza izithako nezinga ze-par, futhi lapho izinto zithengiswa, uTafela ukhipha amanani erecipe esitokweni ukuze ube nombono wokuthi okunakho ngesikhathi sangempela. Ungarekhoda ukulahleka ukuze kukhiphe esitokweni futhi kuvele emibikweni. Lapho izinto ziphela, uthola izixwayiso ukuze uthenge kabusha ngaphambi kokuthi ususe ukudla. Lokho kusho ukubala okuncane ngesandla ngenembile efanayo (noma engcono), nemibiko yokwehluka ekhombisa ngqo lapho ulahlekelwa umkhiqizo. Ukuze uqhathanise izistimu ze-POS ezihlanganisa i-inventory, bheka uqhathaniso lwethu lwe-POS yerestaurant.
Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa
Kungaki irestaurant kufanele yenze i-inventory?
Yenza ukubala okuphelele ngeviki kokudla okuyimpombolo nezinto eziyinhloko, kanye nokuhlola okuphelele ngenyanga kuhlanganise isitolo esomile. Amarestaurant amaningi ase-SA engeza ukubala nsuku zonke kwezinto ezinani eliphezulu (inyama, izinhlanzi zasolwandle, utshwala) ukuze babambe ukweba nokusebenzisa ngaphezulu ngokushesha. Ngeviki kanye nokubala nsuku zonke kwezinto ezinani eliphezulu kuyisisekelo esiqinile eNingizimu Afrika.
Yini indlela engcono kakhulu ye-inventory yerestaurant?
Hlanganisa ukubala okubonakalayo nokubala okuqhubekayo (isitoko sethiyori kusukela ekuthengweni nasekuthengiseni). Sebenzisa i-FIFO ukuze uzungeze, izinga ze-par ukuze uthenge kabusha, namarekhodi okulahleka ukuze unciphe. I-POS exhumanisa amarecipe nesitoko yenza okuzenzakalelayo okuqhubekayo futhi inikeza imibiko yokwehluka ukuze ubone lapho ulahlekelwa umkhiqizo. Bheka uqhathaniso lwethu lwezistimu ze-POS zamarestaurant ngezistimu ezihlanganisa i-inventory.
Nginganciphisa kanjani ukulahleka kokudla erestaurant yami?
Sebenzisa i-FIFO futhi usuku nalebula konke. Setha izinga ze-par ukuze ugweme ukuthenga ngaphezulu. Rekhoda ukulahleka futhi ubuyekeze ngeviki ukuze ulungise izizathu eziphindaphindiwe. Qeqesha abasebenzi ekulawuleni izigaba namarecipe ajwayelekile. Ukuze uthole ukulawula izindleko nokulahleka bheka igaidi yethu yokulawula izindleko zokudla nestrat egy yamanu; ngokonakala okuhlobene namandla bheka igaidi yethu yokudiliza ugesi yerestaurant.
Ingabe isistimu ye-POS ingalandelela i-inventory okuzenzakalelayo?
Yebo. I-POS eneukuphathwa kwe-inventory nokubala izindleko zerecipe ikhipha izithako lapho uthengisa ukudla; usetha imikhiqizo, uxhumanisa amarecipe, uchaza izinga ze-par. Usadinga ukubala okubonakalayo ukuze uhlanganise, kodwa i-POS iphathe ukulandelela nsuku zonke, izixwayiso zesitoko esiphansi, nemibiko yokwehluka. Tafela ifaka i-inventory efakelwe exhumene namarecipe nokuthengisa.
Ukuphathwa kwe-inventory yerestaurant eNingizimu Afrika kuyisisekelo sokulawula izindleko zokudla. Njengoba ukudla kucishe kube 29% yezindleko zokusebenza nokulahleka ku-5–10% yokuthenga, konke ukuthuthukiswa ekulandeleleni nasekuzungezeni isitoko kuvikela imargin yakho. Setha izinga ze-par, sebenzisa i-FIFO, bala njalo, rekhoda ukulahleka, futhi engeza ubuchwepheshe obuxhumanisa isitoko namarecipe ne-POS yakho ukuze unciphise amaphutha futhi ubone lapho ulahlekelwa umkhiqizo.
Ibhalwe ngu
Tafela Team