Ukwehlukaniswa Komhlaba eNingizimu Afrika: Inqubo, Izindleko Kanye Nezikhathi

Ukwehlukaniswa komhlaba kungenye yezindlela ezifinyeleleka kalula kakhulu zokungena entuthukweni yempahla. Ukuthatha i-erf eyodwa uyihlukanise ibe amabili, amathathu noma amaningana amastendi kungavula inzuzo yangempela ngaphandle kosayizi kanye nenkimbinkimbi yedolobhana eliphelele, yingakho ukwehlukaniswa komhlaba kuvame ukuba yindawo umthuthukisi wokuqala aqala kuyo. Kodwa “okulula kunedolobhana” akufani “nokulula”, futhi abathuthukisi abacabanga ukuthi ukwehlukaniswa komhlaba kuyisinyathelo esisheshayo sokuphatha, bavame ukubanjwa ukugunyazwa, izinsizakalo, kanye nezikhathi okuhilelekile kukho.

Lo mhlahlandlela uchaza inqubo yokwehlukaniswa komhlaba eNingizimu Afrika, izinto eziyinhloko eziqhuba izindleko, kanye nezikhathi umuntu okufanele azilungiselele — ukuze ukwazi ukuhlola ukuthi isivumelwano sokwehlukaniswa komhlaba siyasebenza yini ngaphambi kokuba uzibophezele kuso.

Ukwehlukaniswa komhlaba kuyini, futhi kunini lapho udinga khona ukugunyazwa

Ukwehlukaniswa komhlaba wukuhlukaniswa kwesiza esisodwa sibe yizingxenye ezimbili noma ngaphezulu, ezihlukene futhi ezingabhaliswa. Cishe kuzo zonke izimo kudinga ukugunyazwa kukamasipala wendawo ngaphansi kohlaka lwakhe lokuhlela, ngoba lokhu kushintsha uhlelo lwe-cadastral futhi kungathinta i-zoning, izinsizakalo kanye nendawo ezungezayo. Awukwazi ukudweba nje umugqa epulanini bese uthengisa uhhafu; izingxenye ezintsha kumele zigunyazwe, zilinganiswe futhi zibhaliswe ngaphambi kokuba zibe khona ngokomthetho njengezakhiwo ezihlukene.

Izinga lokugunyazwa lincike ohlelweni. Ukwehlukanisa i-erf eyodwa ibe amabili kungaba lula ngokuqondile; ukwehlukanisa umhlaba ube izingxenye eziningi, noma ukuhlanganisa ukwehlukaniswa komhlaba nokuguqulwa kwe-zoning, kususela ngasenkimbinkimbini yedolobhana. Ukuqonda ukuthi isivumelwano sakho sikuliphi icala kulesi sikali kuyisinyathelo sokuqala sokuhlola isikhathi nezindleko zaso.

Inqubo yokugunyazwa

Isicelo sokwehlukaniswa komhlaba sifakwa kumasipala, sihambisana nepulani lokwehlukaniswa komhlaba kanye nolwazi olwesekelayo oludingekayo. Isicelo sihlolwa ngokumelene ne-zoning, uhlelo lokuhlela idolobha kanye nesimo esizungezayo. Ezimweni eziningi kunesinyathelo sokubamba iqhaza komphakathi, lapho omakhelwane nabantu abanentshisekelo bengaphawula noma baphikise, futhi noma yikuphi ukuphikisana kumele kucutshungulwe kuxazululwe ngaphambi kokuba isicelo siqhubeke.

Uma sigunyaziwe, ukwehlukaniswa komhlaba kuthwala imibandela — le mibandela ingahlobana nezinsizakalo, ukungena, iminikelo noma ezinye izidingo — okumele ihlangatshezwane nayo. Umlinganisi womhlaba bese elungiselela idayagremu yokwehlukaniswa komhlaba, ehlolwa futhi igunyazwe i-Surveyor-General. Kuphela lapho imibandela isihlangatshezwane nayo futhi ukulinganisa kugunyaziwe, izingxenye ezintsha zingabhaliswa e-Deeds Office ngommeli wokudlulisela, okulapho khona ziba yizakhiwo ezihlukene, ezingadluliselwa.

Izinto eziyinhloko eziqhuba izindleko

Izindleko zokwehlukaniswa komhlaba ziyahluka kakhulu ngokususela endaweni nasohlelweni, futhi kunokuchaza izinombolo ezingase zidukise, kusiza kakhulu ukuqonda izinto eziziqhubayo, ngoba yizo ezinquma ukuthi isivumelwano esithile sifika kuliphi izinga.

Imali yochwepheshe iyingxenye eyinhloko: umhleli wedolobha olungiselela nofaka isicelo, umlinganisi womhlaba olinganisayo nolungiselela idayagremu, kanye nommeli wokudlulisela ophatha ukubhaliswa. Imali yesicelo sikamasipala nanoma yiziphi iminikelo edingekayo kuyengeza kulokhu. Lapho ukwehlukaniswa komhlaba kubangela isidingo sezinsizakalo ezengeziwe — ukwelula amanzi, ulwelwesi noma ugesi ukuya ezingxenyeni ezintsha, noma ukuhlinzeka ngokungena — izindleko zobunjiniyela nokufakwa kungaba yinto enkulu kunazo zonke. Futhi phakathi nalokho konke, izindleko zokubamba umhlaba nanoma yiziphi izimali ziyaqhubeka ngesikhathi inqubo iqhubeka. Ukwehlukaniswa komhlaba okungadingi zinsizakalo ezintsha nokuhlukanisa ibe izingxenye ezimbalwa kusuka ecaleni eliphansi kunazo zonke; okudinga ingqalasizinda entsha nezingxenye eziningi kusuka phezulu kakhulu.

Izikhathi umuntu okufanele azilungiselele

Impendulo eqotho ngezikhathi wukuthi ziyahluka ngokususela kumasipala nasenkimbinkimbini yesicelo, futhi ukuthi abathuthukisi bahlala belinganisa ngaphansi. Ngisho nokwehlukaniswa komhlaba okulula kuhilela isicelo, ukuhlolwa, ngokuvamile ukubamba iqhaza komphakathi, imibandela, ukugunyazwa kokulinganisa kanye nokubhaliswa — uchungechunge oludlula phakathi kwamaqembu amaningi kanye newashi likamasipala. Ukwehlukaniswa komhlaba okulula kungathatha izinyanga ezithile; okuyinkimbinkimbi, noma okuhlanganiswe nokuguqulwa kwe-zoning, kungathatha isikhathi eside kakhulu.

Umphumela osebenzayo wukulungiselela inqubo ezothatha isikhathi eside kunalokho othemba kona, ukubala izindleko zokubamba zaleso sikhathi ekuhloleni kwakho kokusebenza, kanye nokugcina isicelo siqhubeka ngokuhlangatshezwana nemibandela ngokushesha nangokuphendula imibuzo kamasipala ngaphandle kokubambezeleka. Iningi lesikhathi likude nokulawulwa yiwe, kodwa ukubambezeleka okungagwemeka — imibandela ephelelwe isikhathi, imibuzo engaphendulwanga — akunjalo.

Amaphutha avamile okwehlukaniswa komhlaba

Amaphutha aphindaphindekayo ayalindeleka. Ukucabanga ukuthi ukwehlukaniswa komhlaba kuyisinyathelo sokuphatha esisheshayo futhi ungabekeli isikhathi esiqotho noma izindleko zokubamba. Ukulinganisa ngaphansi izinsizakalo ezidingekayo ezingxenyeni ezintsha, okungaba izindleko ezinkulu kunazo zonke esivumelwaneni. Ukuthenga umhlaba ngokucabanga ukuthi ukwehlukaniswa komhlaba kuzogunyazwa, ngaphandle kokuqala uhlole i-zoning kanye nohlaka lokuhlela. Kanye nokuyeka isicelo sime ngenxa yokungananzi — imibandela engahlangatshezwananga noma umbuzo ongaphendulwanga — okusetha kabusha isivinini futhi kwengeza izindleko zokubamba. Ngayinye yalezi ingagwemeka ngokuhlela okuqotho nokulandelela okunesiqondiso.

Ukwehlukaniswa komhlaba njengendlela yokungena entuthukweni

Ukwehlukaniswa komhlaba kuvame ukuba yisinyathelo sokuqala somthuthukisi, futhi ngesizathu esihle. Kunikeza indlela efinyeleleka kalula yokudala inzuzo — ukuthatha impahla eyodwa uyiguqule ibe izingxenye eziningi ezingathengiswa — ngaphandle kosayizi, imali kanye nenkimbinkimba yedolobhana noma uhlelo lwamayunithi amaningi. Kumuntu omusha, kuyindlela yokuzwa umjikelezo wentuthuko, kusukela ekuhloleni okucophelelayo kuze kufike ekugunyazweni, ekubhalisweni nasekuthengisweni, esikalini esiphephile.

Ubuchule benani buqonde ngokulula ngokwemigomo: uma inani elihlanganisiwe lezingxenye ezehlukanisiwe, kususwe kulo izindleko zokwehlukanisa nanoma yiziphi izinsizakalo, lidlula inani lomhlaba njengesiza esisodwa kanye nezindleko zokubamba, ukwehlukaniswa komhlaba kudala inani. Ukuthi kwenzeka kanjani empeleni kuncike ngokuphelele ezicini — i-zoning, izinsizakalo ezidingekayo, imakethe yezingxenye eziphuma kulokhu, kanye nokuthi inqubo ithatha isikhathi esingakanani. Yingakho ukwehlukaniswa komhlaba kusafanelwe ukuhlolwa kokusebenza okufanele, nakuba kulula kunohlelo olukhulu. Ubuchule obufanayo besisalela buyasebenza: sebenza umuva kusukela kulokho izingxenye eziyokuthengiswa ngakho kuya kulokho umsebenzi ongakuthethelela.

Ukuphathwa kwengozi kokwehlukaniswa komhlaba kufana nokwanoma yiluphi uhlelo lwentuthuko, kodwa ngesikali esincane. Hlola i-zoning kanye nohlaka lokuhlela ngaphambi kokuzibophezela. Bala izinsizakalo ngokuqonda, ngoba zingaba izindleko ezinkulu kunazo zonke. Bala izindleko zokubamba zesikhathi esingaqinisekile. Futhi gcina isicelo siqhubeka ukuze ukubambezeleka okungagwemeka kungadli inani. Ukwehlukaniswa komhlaba okwenziwa ngalesi siqondiso kuyindlela enhle yokwakha amakhono kanye nerekhodi; okwenziwa ngokucabanga ukuthi kuyisinyathelo esisheshayo, esiqinisekile, yindlela abaqalayo abathola ngayo isifundo sokuqala esibiza kakhulu.

Indlela isoftware esiza ngayo

Ngisho nokwehlukaniswa komhlaba okuncane kuyiphrojekthi encane enohlelo lokugunyazwa, imibandela okumele ihlangatshezwane nayo, ochwepheshe okumele baxhumaniswe, kanye newashi lezindleko zokubamba eliqhubeka njalo. Ukulandelela lokho endaweni eyodwa kunebhokisi lemiyalezo kugcina kuqhubeka. I-Wakha igcina intuthuko njengerekhodi elilodwa — uhlelo, isabelomali se-ZAR kanye nokugeleza kwemali okubonisa izindleko zokubamba, indlela yamadokhumenti kanye nemibandela — ukuze izinyathelo zokugunyazwa nezindleko zokwehlukaniswa komhlaba zihlale zibonakala. Ukulandelela ukwehlukaniswa komhlaba kanye nokuhlelwa kwedolobha kuyindawo i-Wakha eyandisayo ohlangothini lokuqala, lokusebenza, ukuze ingozi yokugunyazwa nezindleko zokubamba zesivumelwano sokwehlukaniswa komhlaba kufanekiswe ngaphambi kokuba umhlaba uzibophezele.

Uma usebenza ekwehlukaniseni umhlaba futhi ufuna ukugunyazwa, imibandela kanye nezindleko zokubamba endaweni eyodwa, bona ukuthi i-Wakha isekela kanjani lokhu: hlola i-Wakha.

Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa

Ngidinga ukugunyazwa kukamasipala ukuze ngehlukanise umhlaba?

Cishe kuzo zonke izimo, yebo. Ukwehlukaniswa komhlaba kushintsha uhlelo lwe-cadastral futhi kungathinta i-zoning nezinsizakalo, ngakho kudinga ukugunyazwa kukamasipala wendawo ngaphansi kohlaka lwakhe lokuhlela. Awukwazi ukudala nokuthengisa izingxenye ezihlukene ngokuhlukanisa nje ipulani; izingxenye ezintsha kumele zigunyazwe, zilinganiswe futhi zibhaliswe ngaphambi kokuba zibe khona ngokomthetho njengezakhiwo ezihlukene.

Ukwehlukaniswa komhlaba kuthatha isikhathi esingakanani eNingizimu Afrika?

Kuyahluka ngokususela kumasipala nasenkimbinkimbini, futhi abathuthukisi bahlala belinganisa ngaphansi. Ukwehlukaniswa komhlaba okulula kuhilela isicelo, ukuhlolwa, ngokuvamile ukubamba iqhaza komphakathi, imibandela, ukugunyazwa kokulinganisa kanye nokubhaliswa — uchungechunge olungathatha izinyanga ezithile, kuyilapho ukwehlukaniswa komhlaba okuyinkimbinkimbi noma okuhlanganiswe nokuguqulwa kwe-zoning kuthatha isikhathi eside kakhulu. Kuhlakaniphile ukulungiselela isikhathi eside kunalokho othemba kona, nokubala izindleko zokubamba.

Ukwehlukaniswa komhlaba kubiza malini?

Izindleko ziyahluka kakhulu ngokususela endaweni nasohlelweni, ngakho okusizayo yizinto eziqhubayo: imali yochwepheshe yomhleli wedolobha, umlinganisi womhlaba kanye nommeli wokudlulisela; imali yesicelo sikamasipala neminikelo; izindleko zanoma yiziphi izinsizakalo ezintsha noma ukungena okudingekayo ezingxenyeni ezintsha; kanye nezindleko zokubamba umhlaba nezimali ngesikhathi inqubo iqhubeka. Izinsizakalo ezintsha zivame ukuba yinto enkulu kunazo zonke futhi eguquguqukayo kakhulu.

Umehluko phakathi kokwehlukaniswa komhlaba nokusungulwa kwedolobhana uyini?

Ukwehlukaniswa komhlaba kwehlukanisa i-erf ekhona ibe izingxenye ezimbalwa futhi ngokuvamile kulula. Ukusungulwa kwedolobhana kudala idolobhana eliphelele elinengqalasizinda entsha yomphakathi, uhlelo olugunyaziwe kanye nemibandela yokusungulwa, futhi kudlula kuphrokhulamesheni. Ukwehlukaniswa komhlaba kube izingxenye ezimbalwa kusuka ecaleni elilula kakhulu; ukuhlukanisa ibe izingxenye eziningi noma ukwengeza ukuguqulwa kwe-zoning kususela ngasenkimbinkimbini yedolobhana.

Ngidinga bani ukuze ngehlukanise umhlaba?

Ngokuvamile umhleli wedolobha ukuze alungiselele futhi afake isicelo, umlinganisi womhlaba ukuze alinganise futhi alungiselele idayagremu yokwehlukaniswa komhlaba, kanye nommeli wokudlulisela ukuze aphathe ukubhaliswa. Lapho kudingeka izinsizakalo ezintsha noma ukungena, onjiniyela bezakhiwo nabo bayahileleka. Umthuthukisi uxhumanisa laba ochwepheshe futhi athwale izindleko zokubamba ngesikhathi inqubo iqhubeka.

Ukwehlukaniswa komhlaba kungenqatshelwa?

Yebo. Umasipala uhlola ukwehlukaniswa komhlaba ngokumelene ne-zoning, uhlelo lokuhlela idolobha kanye nesimo esizungezayo, futhi angenqaba isicelo noma abeke imibandela ethinta ukusebenza kwaso. Ukuphikisana okungaxazululiwe ngesikhathi sokubamba iqhaza komphakathi nakho kungakwenza kuphutshe. Yingakho ukuhlola i-zoning kanye nohlaka lokuhlela ngaphambi kokuthenga — kunokucabanga ukugunyazwa — kuyingxenye ebalulekile yokuhlola okucophelelayo.

Izihloko Ezihlobene: