Ukukhululwa Kwemali Yesikole eNingizimu Afrika: Amalungelo e-SASA

Abaphathi bezikole ngokuvamile bachitha amahora becubungula amafomu okukhululwa, beqinisekisa imali yasekhaya, futhi belungisa ukwehluka kwemali yokukhokha. Abazali abangakwazi ukukhokha imali bayakhathazeka ngabantwana babo bexoshiwe noma baphuthelwa imisebenzi. Ukukhululwa kwemali yesikole eNingizimu Afrika ilungelo lesemthethweni ngaphansi koMthetho Wezikole WaseNingizimu Afrika (SASA) wango-1996, futhi bobabili uhlangothi badinga ukuqonda imithetho. Lolu hlu luchaza ubani ofanele, indlela yokufaka isicelo, amadokhumenti adingekayo, nokuthi izikole kufanele zenzeni ngaphansi kwe-SASA neNational Norms and Standards for School Funding (NSSF).

I-SASA ivikela abafundi ekuxoshweni ngenxa yokungakhokhi lapho ukukhululwa sekufakwe isicelo noma sekunikezwe. Sifaka ukufaneleka (okuphelele nokuyingxenye), inqubo yokufaka isicelo, iziphoqo zesikole, umehluko phakathi kwezikole ze-Quintile 1–3 (ezingenamali) neze-Quintile 4–5 (ezikhokhayo), nesenqubweni yokukhalaza.

Yini Ukukhululwa Kwemali Yesikole eNingizimu Afrika Ngaphansi Kwe-SASA?

Ukukhululwa kwemali yesikole ilungelo lesemthethweni ngaphansi koMthetho Wezikole WaseNingizimu Afrika (Umthetho 84 wango-1996) okuvumela abazali noma abondisi ukuthi bafake isicelo sokukhululwa okuphelele noma okuyingxenye kwemali yesikole uma bengakwazi ukuyikhokha. Isigaba 39 sidinga zonke izikole zikahulumeni zithathe inqubomgomo yokukhululwa kwemali, futhi Isigaba 40 siyala ukuthi izikole azikwazi ukuxosha, ukumisa, noma ukuphika abafundi ukufinyelela emisebenzini yemfundo ngenxa yokungakhokhi uma ukukhululwa sekufakwe isicelo noma sekunikezwe.

Uhlelo lokukhululwa luyabona ukuthi imindeni eminingi yaseNingizimu Afrika ibhekene nobunzima bezezimali bangempela ngenxa yokungasebenzi, ukugula, ukufa komphathi wemali, noma ezinye izimo. Imindeni akufanele ikhethe phakathi kokukhokha imali yesikole nokuhlangabezana nezidingo eziyisisekelo.

Indima Yokuhlukanisa I-Quintile

Izikole zikahulumeni zaseNingizimu Afrika zihlukaniswe zaba ama-quintile amahlanu (1–5) ngokusekelwe esimweni sezenhlalakahle yemiphakathi ezizungezile. Lokhu kuhlukanisa kunquma amazinga okuxhaswa nguhulumeni kanye nezakhiwo zemali yokukhokha:

I-Quintile	Incazelo	Ukuxhaswa Nguhulumeni	Isimo Semali	Ukufanelela Ukukhululwa
Quintile 1	Imiphakathi ehluphekile kakhulu	Ukuxhaswa okuphezulu kakhulu (100%)	Isikole esingenamali	Ukukhululwa okuzenzakalelayo (akukho mali ekhokhwayo)
Quintile 2	Imiphakathi ehluphekile kakhulu	Ukuxhaswa okuphezulu (95%)	Isikole esingenamali	Ukukhululwa okuzenzakalelayo (akukho mali ekhokhwayo)
Quintile 3	Imiphakathi ehluphekile	Ukuxhaswa okuphakathi okuphezulu (90%)	Isikole esingenamali	Ukukhululwa okuzenzakalelayo (akukho mali ekhokhwayo)
Quintile 4	Imiphakathi enemali ephakathi	Ukuxhaswa okuphakathi (60%)	Isikole esikhokhayo	Kufanele afake isicelo sokukhululwa uma engakwazi ukukhokha
Quintile 5	Imiphakathi ecebele kakhulu	Ukuxhaswa okuphansi (40%)	Isikole esikhokhayo	Kufanele afake isicelo sokukhululwa uma engakwazi ukukhokha

Umehluko obalulekile: Izikole ze-Quintile 1–3 zikhonjwe njengezikole “ezingenamali” futhi azikwazi ukucela imali yesikole ephoqelekile. Uma isikole se-Quintile 1–3 sizama ukucela imali, abazali bakhululwa ngokuzenzakalelayo. Izikole ze-Quintile 4–5 “yizikole ezikholwayo” futhi zingacela imali, kodwa kufanele zibe nezindlela zokukhululwa emindenini efanelekile.

Ubani Ofanele Ukukhululwa Kwemali Yesikole?

Ukufanelela ukukhululwa kwemali kuncike emalini yasekhaya yakho ehlanganiswe ekuqhathaniswa nemali yesikole yonyaka. I-National Norms and Standards for School Funding (NSSF) inikeza imingcele yemali ecacile.

Imibandela Yokukhululwa Okuphelele

Ufaneleka ukukhululwa okuphelele (100% yemali ikhululwa) uma imali yasekhaya yakho ehlanganiswe yonyaka ingaphansi kwezikhathi eziyishumi zemali yesikole yonyaka. Isibonelo, uma imali yonyaka ingu-R5,000, ufaneleka uma imali yasekhaya ingaphansi kuka-R50,000 ngonyaka.

Imali yasekhaya ifaka yonke imiholo, amaholo, izibonelelo zikahulumeni, imali yerenti, imali yebhizinisi, noma yimaphi eminye imithombo yemali evamile evela kubazali bobabili/abondisi, bonke abancike kubona, nanoma yibaphi abadala abafaka isandla ezindlekweni zasekhaya.

Imibandela Yokukhululwa Okuyingxenye

Ufaneleka ukukhululwa okuyingxenye uma imali yasekhaya iphakathi kwezikhathi eziyishumi nezingamashumi amathathu zemali yonyaka, ukukhululwa kuncipha njengoba imali inyuka:

Imali yasekhaya (okuphindwe ngemali yonyaka)	Ukukhululwa	Ukhokha
10–15 izikhathi	75%	25% yemali
15–20 izikhathi	50%	50% yemali
20–25 izikhathi	25%	75% yemali
25–30 izikhathi	Akukho	Imali ephelele

Isibonelo: uma imali yonyaka ingu-R6,000, imali yasekhaya engu-R60,000–R90,000 ikhokha u-R1,500 (ukukhululwa okungu-75%); R90,000–R120,000 ikhokha u-R3,000 (50%); R120,000–R150,000 ikhokha u-R4,500 (25%); ngaphezu kuka-R180,000 ikhokha u-R6,000 ophelele.

Izimo Ezikhethekile

Ngisho noma imali yakho idlula imingcele, usengase ufaneleke ukukhululwa ngaphansi kwezimo ezikhethekile:

Ukufa komphathi wemali: Uma umphathi wemali oyinhloko eshonile ngaphezu kweminyaka eyi-12 edlule
Ukudedelwa noma ukulahlekelwa umsebenzi: Uma umphathi wemali elahlekelwe umsebenzi futhi efuna umsebenzi ngokuzimisela
Izindleko zokwelapha: Uma izindleko zokwelapha zasekhaya zidlula u-20% wemali yonyaka
Abafundi abaningi: Uma unabantwana abathathu noma ngaphezulu ezikoleni ezikholwayo ngasikhathi sinye
Ukukhubazeka: Uma ilungu lasekhaya linekhubazeko elidinga ukunakekelwa kwemithi okuqhubekayo noma ukusekelwa

Izikole kufanele zicabange lezi zimo lapho zibuyekeza izicelo zokukhululwa, ngisho noma imingcele yemali ingahlangabezananga.

Indlela Yokufaka Isicelo Sokukhululwa Kwemali Yesikole

Inqubo yokufaka isicelo kufanele ibe lula futhi itholakale. Landela lezi zinyathelo:

Isinyathelo 1: Thola Ifomu Lokufaka Isicelo

Cela ifomu lokufaka isicelo sokukhululwa ehhovisi lokuphatha lesikole sakho. Izikole kufanele zinikeze la mafomu mahhala ngezilimi zonke zokusemthethweni ezisetshenziswa esikoleni. Ungase naze ulande amafomu kuwebhusayithi yomnyango wemfundo wezifundazwe zakho.

Isinyathelo 2: Qoqa Amadokhumenti Adingekayo

Uzodinga ubufakazi bemali yasekhaya nezimo. Amadokhumenti adingekayo afaka:

Amadokhumenti ayisisekelo:

Ifomu lokufaka isicelo sokukhululwa eligcwele
Amakhopi aqinisekisiwe wezitifiketi zobunikazi zabo bonke abantu basekhaya
Amakhopi aqinisekisiwe wezitifiketi zokuzalwa zabantwana bonke
Ubufakazi bemali: amaphepha okukhokha (izinyanga ezintathu zokugcina), amastetimenti ebhange, amatifiketi entela (uma uzenzela), noma isifungo uma ungaqashi
Ubufakazi bezibonelelo zikahulumeni (izincwadi ze-SASSA noma amastetimenti ebhange)
Ubufakazi bokuhlala (ibilisi yezinto zasekhaya, isivumelwano sokubhukisha, noma isifungo)

Amadokhumenti angeziwe ezimo ezikhethekile:

Isitifiketi sokufa, incwadi yokudedelwa, amatifiketi okwelapha/amabilili, noma amatifiketi okukhubazeka (njengoba kusebenza)

Okubalulekile: Wonke amakhopi kufanele aqinisekiswe yi-Commissioner of Oaths. Izikole kufanele zigcine amakhopi aqinisekisiwe kuphela, hhayi okuqala.

Isinyathelo 3: Gcwalisa Futhi Uthumele

Gcwalisa ifomu ngokuphelele nangokunemba, kufaka imininingwane yabo bonke abantu basekhaya, ukwehlukaniswa kwemali, izindleko, nezimo ezikhethekile. Thumela namadokhumenti okusekelayo ngaphambi kwesikhathi sokugcina (ngokuvamile phakathi kwezinsuku ezingamashumi amathathu zokwaziswa kwemali) futhi cele irisidi eqinisekisa ukuthumelwa.

Isinyathelo 4: Ukubuyekezwa Kwesicelo

I-SGB yesikole kufanele isungule ikomidi lokukhululwa (kufaka amalungu e-SGB, uthishanhloko, nomphathi wezezimali) ukuze ibuyekeze izicelo. Izikole kufanele ziphendule phakathi kwezinsuku ezingamashumi amathathu, zicabange ukunemba kwemali, ukuqinisekisa amadokhumenti, izimo ezikhethekile, nokuthobela i-SASA/NSSF.

Isinyathelo 5: Thola Isinqumo

Isikole kufanele sinikeze isinqumo esibhaliwe esithi ukuthi ukukhululwa kunikezwe yini (okuphelele noma okuyingxenye), iphesenti, izizathu, nolwazi lokukhalaza. Uma sekugunyaziwe, ukukhululwa kusebenza unyaka wonke wezifundo (kufanele ufake isicelo futhi unyaka ngonyaka). Uma sekwaliwe, unelungelo lokukhalaza.

Iziphoqo Zesikole Ngokukhululwa Kwemali

Izikole zineziphoqo zesemthethweni ezicacile ngaphansi kwe-SASA. Isikole ngasinye sikahulumeni kufanele:

1. Nikeza inqubomgomo yokukhululwa: Ube nenqubomgomo yokukhululwa kwemali ebhaliwe ethathwe i-SGB, etholakala ngezilimi zonke zokusemthethweni, ibonakale ngokugqamile, futhi ifakwe emaphakethi okungenisa.

2. Akukwazi ukuxosha abafundi: Izikole ziyenqatshelwe ukuphika ukungenisa, ukumisa abafundi, ukuvimbela ukubamba iqhaza emisebenzini, ukubamba amakhadi wokubika, noma ukucela imali ezikoleni ze-Quintile 1–3 ngenxa yokungakhokhi.

3. Cubungula izicelo ngokulungile: Amukela izicelo phakathi kwezinsuku ezingamashumi amathathu zokwaziswa kwemali, buyekeza phakathi kwezinsuku ezingamashumi amathathu, nikeza izinqumo ezibhaliwe ezinezizathu eziqondakalayo, gcina ukucashwa, futhi uphathe zonke izicelo ngokufanayo.

4. Gcina amarekhodi: Gcina amarekhodi okukhululwa ngenjongo yama-audit futhi ubike izibalo eminyangweni yemfundo yezifundazwe unyaka ngonyaka.

Ukugwema Okujwayelekile Namalungelo Akho

Ukugwema okujwayelekile kufaka ukucela imali ezikoleni ze-Quintile 1–3, ukuphika amafomu okukhululwa, ukubambezeleka ukucubungula, ukuphika ngaphandle kokubuyekeza okufanele, noma ukuxosha abafundi ngenxa yokungakhokhi.

Uma amalungelo akho ephulwa: Bhala phansi konke, xhumana ne-SGB, yisa esigabeni sehofisi yesifundazwe somnyango wemfundo yakho, faka isikhalazo esesemthethweni ne-HOD, noma funa usizo lwemthetho ku-Legal Aid South Africa.

Khumbula: Akukho mfundi angaxoshwa esikoleni ngenxa yokungakhokhi uma efanele ukukhululwa noma esefake isicelo sokukhululwa.

I-Quintile 1–3 vs I-Quintile 4–5: Umehluko Obalulekile

Izikole Ze-Quintile 1–3 (Izikole Ezingenamali)

Zitholakala emiphakathini ehluphekile kakhulu, lezi zikole zithola ukuxhaswa okuphezulu kakhulu nguhulumeni (90–100%), azikwazi ukucela imali ephoqelekile, futhi bonke abafundi bakhululwa ngokuzenzakalelayo. Akudingeki isicelo — uma isikole sizama ukucela imali, lokhu akusemthethweni futhi kufanele kubikwe. Izikole zingacela iminikelo yokuzithandela, kodwa leyo ayikwazi ukuphoqeleka.

Izikole Ze-Quintile 4–5 (Izikole Ezikholwayo)

Zitholakala emiphakathini enemali ephakathi kuya ecebele, lezi zikole zithola ukuxhaswa okuphansi nguhulumeni (40–60%) futhi zingacela imali (kuya ngemvumo ye-SGB), kodwa kufanele zibe nezindlela zokukhululwa. Abazali kufanele bafake isicelo sokukhululwa uma bengakwazi ukukhokha, izikole kufanele zicubungule izicelo, futhi abafundi abakwazi ukuxoshwa uma ukukhululwa kusalindile noma sekugunyaziwe. Ngisho ezikoleni ezikholwayo, akukho mfundi ongaphikwa imfundo uma efanele ukukhululwa.

Inqubo Yokukhalaza

Uma isicelo sakho sokukhululwa sekwaliwe, unelungelo lokukhalaza ukuze kubuyekezwe okuzimele. Ungakhalaza uma isicelo sakho sekwaliwe kodwa ukholelwa ukuthi ufaneleka, uthole ukukhululwa okuyingxenye kodwa ukholelwa ukuthi ufaneleka okuphelele, isikole sehlulekile ukucubungula phakathi kwezinsuku ezingamashumi amathathu, noma ukholelwa ukuthi isinqumo sasingalungile noma singalungile.

Indlela Yokukhalaza

Isinyathelo 1: Cela ifomu lokukhalaza ekuphathweni kwesikole (izikole kufanele zinikeze lezi).

Isinyathelo 2: Thumela ukukhalaza kwakho phakathi kwezinsuku eziyishumi nane. Faka ifomu eligcwele, ikhophi yesicelo sokuqala nesinqumo, noma yimaphi amadokhumenti okusekelayo angeziwe, nencazelo ecacile yokuthi kungani isinqumo sasingalungile.

Isinyathelo 3: Ukukhalaza kubuyekezwa yihofisi yesifundazwe somnyango wemfundo yakho noma ikomidi lokukhalaza elizimele.

Isinyathelo 4: Uzothola isinqumo esibhaliwe phakathi kwezinsuku ezingamashumi amathathu. Isinqumo sokukhalaza siyisinqumo sokugcina futhi siphoqelekile.

Thumela phakathi kwezinsuku eziyishumi nane, cacisa ngokucacile ukuthi kungani isinqumo sasingalungile, futhi unikeze ubufakazi. Gcina amarekhodi alo lonke ukuxhumana.

Izindlela Ezingcono Zezikole Eziphatha Ukukhululwa Kwemali

Kubaphathi bezikole, ukuphatha ukukhululwa ngempumelelo kubalulekile ukuthobela. Izindlela eziyinhloko zifaka:

1. Yakha inqubomgomo ebanzi: Chaza ngokucacile ukufaneleka, izinqubo, izidingo zamadokhumenti, izinkathi, nesenqubweni yokukhalaza.

2. Qeqesha abasebenzi: Qinisekisa ukuthi bonke abasebenzi bokuphatha bayaqonda izidingo ze-SASA, qeqesha amalungu ekomidi lokukhululwa, nikeza ukuqeqeshwa kokuzwa, futhi ugcine abasebenzi bebuyekeziwe ngezinguquko zenqubomgomo.

3. Sebenzisa ubuchwepheshe: Isistimu yokuphatha izikole elandelela izicelo zokukhululwa, ebalela amaphesenti kusuka emingceleni yemali, futhi ekhiqiza imibiko ye-SGB nokuthumela kwezifundazwe kunciphisa amaphutha futhi isindisa isikhathi. Bheka uhlu lwethu lwesofthiwe yokuqoqa imali yesikole eNingizimu Afrika izinketho.

4. Xhumana ngokuzimisela: Faka ulwazi lokukhululwa emaphakethi okungenisa, bonisa inqubomgomo ngokugqamile, thumela izikhumbuzi zesikhathi sokugcina, nikeza amafomu ngezilimi zonke zokusemthethweni, futhi unikeze usizo kubazali.

5. Gcina ukucashwa: Gcina ulwazi lwezezimali luyimfihlo, vimbela ukufinyelela kubasebenzi abagunyaziwe kuphela, qinisekisa ukuthi isimo sokukhululwa asixoxwa, futhi uvikele amadokhumenti abalulekile.

Izinselelo ezivame: Izicelo ezingaphelele (nikeza amalisti okuhlola nokusizo), izicelo ezidlule isikhathi (vumela nezizathu eziqinisekile), ubunzima bokuqinisekisa (amukela izifungo zomsebenzi ongahlelekile), nomthelela wesabelomali (hlela ukuze ube namaphesenti okukhululwa angu-5–15%).

6. Hlela umthelela wezezimali: Izikole ezikholwayo eziningi zibona amazinga okukhululwa angu-5–20% (I-Quintile 4 ngokuvamile 10–20%, I-Quintile 5 ngokuvamile 5–15%), kuya ngemimo yendawo nezinga lemali. Lapho zisetha imali, ama-SGB kufanele abalelwe amazinga okukhululwa kusuka kubantu nasedathini yomlando, ayifake ezibalweni zemali, futhi acabange ukuxhaswa nguhulumeni (40–60% ye-Quintile 4–5). Linganisa ukwenzeka nokusimama; imali esethwe iphezulu kakhulu ikhuphisa amazinga okukhululwa.

Ukukhululwa kwemali yesikole eNingizimu Afrika ilungelo lesemthethweni ngaphansi kwe-SASA. Izikole ze-Quintile 1–3 azikwazi ukucela imali; izikole ze-Quintile 4–5 kufanele zinikeze izindlela zokukhululwa. Ukukhululwa okuphelele kusebenza lapho imali yasekhaya ingaphansi kwezikhathi eziyishumi zemali yonyaka; ukukhululwa okuyingxenye kulandela isikali sokuncipha sezikhathi eziyishumi kuya kwamashumi amathathu. Izikole azikwazi ukuxosha abafundi ngenxa yokungakhokhi lapho ukukhululwa kunikezwe noma kufakwe isicelo, futhi kuneinqubo yokukhalaza. Abazali kufanele bazi amalungelo abo, bathumele ngesikhathi, futhi bakhalaze uma sekwaliwe. Izikole kufanele zithathe inqubomgomo eciacile, ziqeqeshe abasebenzi, futhi zigcina ukuthobela.

Ukuphatha ukukhululwa ngempumelelo kudinga ukulandelela okunemba, amadokhumenti acacile, nokuxhumana okuvumelayo. I-Fundisa isiza izikole zaseNingizimu Afrika ukulandelela ukukhululwa kwemali ngokweSigaba 39 se-SASA, ibale amaphesenti okukhululwa kusuka emingceleni yemali, futhi ikhiqize imibiko yemihlangano ye-SGB nokuthumela kwezifundazwe. Bona ukuthi i-Fundisa isekela kanjani ukuqoqa imali nokuphatha ukukhululwa epulatifomu eyodwa. Ukuze uthole ukuqondisa okuningi, funda ihlu lokuphatha kwezezimali kwe-SGB ne-amasu okuqoqa imali yesikole ezikoleni zaseNingizimu Afrika.

Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa

Ingabe isikole singaphika ukwamukela isicelo sami sokukhululwa?

Cha. Izikole ziphoqelekile ngokomthetho ukwamukela izicelo zokukhululwa kunoma yimuphi umzali ocela. Uma isikole siphika ukunikeza ifomu lokufaka isicelo noma ukwamukela isicelo sakho, lokhu kuphula Isigaba 39 se-SASA. Xhumana nehofisi yesifundazwe somnyango wemfundo yakho ukuze ubike ukugwema. Izikole kufanele zinikeze amafomu mahhala nangezilimi zonke zokusemthethweni ezisetshenziswa esikoleni.

Ingabe kudingeka ngifake isicelo sokukhululwa unyaka ngonyaka?

Yebo, izicelo zokukhululwa zisebenza unyaka wezifundo owodwa kuphela. Kufanele ufake isicelo futhi unyaka ngonyaka, kodwa inqubo kufanele ibe lula uma izimo zakho zezezimali zingashintshile kakhulu. Ezinye izikole zivumela izicelo zokuvuselela ezilula uma isimo sakho singashintshile — xhumana nokuphatha kwesikole. Gcina amakhophi ezicelo zangaphambilini ukuze usheshise inqubo yokuvuselela.

Kwenzekani uma ngingakwazi ukukhokha inani lokukhululwa okuyingxenye (isib. 25% yemali)?

Uma ngempela ungakwazi ukukhokha ngisho nenani elinciphisiwe ngemva kokukhululwa okuyingxenye, ungacela ukubuyekezwa ngokusekelwe ezimweni ezikhethekile. Bhala phansi isimo sakho (izindleko zokwelapha, abantwana abaningi ezikoleni ezikholwayo, izindleko ezingalindelwe) futhi thumela isicelo esibhaliwe ekomidini lokukhululwa sichaza ukuthi kungani inani eliyingxenye lingenakwenzeka. Izikole kufanele zicabange izimo ezinzima zangempela, nakuba ukukhululwa okuphelele ngaphezulu kwemingcele yemali kusekukhethweni kwekomidi.

Ingabe izikole zingacela “iminikelo yokuzithandela” esikhundleni semali ezikoleni ze-Quintile 1–3?

Izikole ze-Quintile 1–3 azikwazi ukucela imali ephoqelekile, kodwa zingacela iminikelo yokuzithandela. Kodwa-ke, le minikelo kufanele ibe yokuzithandela ngempela — izikole azikwazi ukuyenza isimo sokungenisa, ukubamba iqhaza emisebenzini, noma ukuthola amakhadi wokubika. Uma “iminikelo yokuzithandela” empeleni iyaphoqeleka, lokhu kuphula i-SASA. Bika lezi zinqubo emnyangweni wemfundo wezifundazwe zakho. Izikole kufanele zahlukanise ngokucacile phakathi kwemali ephoqelekile (engemthethweni e-Quintile 1–3) neminikelo yokuzithandela (evunyiwe kodwa kufanele ibe yokuzikhethela).