Ukuphathwa Kwezingxenye Ezisele eNingizimu Afrika: Misa Ukusweleka Kwesitoko

Ukuphathwa okubuthaka kwezingxenye ezisele kungenye yezizathu eziyinhloko zokuthi imisebenzi yokulungisa ihambe kancane isikhathi eside. Uma impahla ebalulekile ihluleka, into ebalulekile kunazo zonke edonsela isikhathi esisezingeni eliphakeme sokulungisa (mean time to repair, MTTR) ngokuvamile akuwona umsebenzi wokulungisa ngokwawo, kodwa ukulinda ingxenye efanele. Kwezemayini, ekukhiqizeni, nasezakhiweni zaseNingizimu Afrika, lokho kulinda kwandiswa ukulibaziseka kokungenisa izimpahla, ukuphazamiseka kohlelo lokuthengisa, kanye nezindawo ezikude lapho ukugcwaliswa kabusha kwesitoko kungathatha izinsuku noma amasonto. Izindleko zesikhathi sokungasebenzi ziyakhula ngokushesha, kusukela ku-R45 000 ngehora emugqeni ojwayelekile wokukhiqiza kuye ekuvezweni engozini uma impahla ebalulekile ekuphepheni ihlala ingasebenzi.

Lo mhlahlandlela uhlanganisa ukuphathwa kwezingxenye ezisele eNingizimu Afrika: kungani kubalulekile, izinselelo zasendaweni, ukuhlelwa kwe-ABC, i-min/max namaphuzu okuphinda kwenza i-oda, izingxenye ezibalulekile kanye nesu lezitoreji eziningi, ukulandelela komhlinzeki ne-B-BBEE, kanye nendlela i-CMMS ehlanganisa ngayo konke lokhu.

Kungani Ukuphathwa Kwezingxenye Ezisele Kubalulekile Ekulungiseni

Isikhathi sokulungisa sihlukaniswa ekutholeni inkinga, ukuhamba, ukulinda izingxenye, kanye nomsebenzi wokulungisa uqobo. Empeleni, ukulinda izingxenye kuvame ukuba yingxenye enkulu kunazo zonke. Ungoti angase abone inkinga ngemizuzu embalwa, kodwa uma i-bearing noma i-seal ingekho esiteshini, impahla ihlala ingasebenzi kuze kufike ingxenye. Lokho kulibazisa kwenyusa i-MTTR futhi kwandisa izindleko zokwehluleka: ukulahleka kokukhiqiza, ubungozi bokuphepha, futhi ngezinye izikhathi izinhlawulo zenkontileka.

Ngokuphambene, ukugcina kakhulu isitoko se-MRO kubopha imali engenayo, kwandisa ubungozi bokuba yize, futhi kungafihla izinkinga eziyisisekelo (isb. ukwehluleka okuphindaphindwayo okufanele kuvule uxhumano lombangela oyinhloko esikhundleni sesitoko esengeziwe). Ukuphathwa okuphumelelayo kwesitoko sezingxenye ezisele kulinganisa ukutholakala nezindleko: isitoko esanele sokusekela umsebenzi ohleliwe nowesimo esiphuthumayo, ngaphandle kokuphatha okweqile okungasoze kusetshenziswe.

Izinselelo Eziqondene NeNingizimu Afrika

Ukuphathwa kwezingxenye ezisele eNingizimu Afrika kubhekene nezimo ezenza kokubili ukusweleka kwesitoko nokugcwaliswa ngokweqile kwesitoko kwenzeke kalula uma kungaphathwa ngamabomu.

Ukulibaziseka kokungenisa nokohlelo lokuthengisa. Izingxenye eziningi ezibalulekile, ama-bearing akhethekile, izingxenye ze-OEM, izingxenye zikagesi ne-hydraulic, zingeniswa. Ukuminyana kwezikhungosimenti, ukuqedwa kwe-khastamu, kanye nokuthutha kungengeza amasonto ezikhathini zokulindwa. Ingxenye engase ibe “ngosuku olulandelayo” emakethe esebenza kahle ingase ithathe amasonto amabili kuya kwamane noma ngaphezulu. Lokho kuphoqa imisebenzi ukuthi igcine isitoko esengeziwe sokuphepha, kodwa ngaphandle kwe-min/max ehlelekile nomgomo wokuphinda kwenza i-oda, ezinye izinto zithengwa kakhulu kuyilapho ezinye zikhohlakala kuze kwenzeke ukwehluleka.

Ukwenyuka kwamanani kanye nemali. Izindleko ze-MRO zenyukile ndawonye nokwenyuka kwamanani nokushintshashintsha kwerandi. Ukugcina isitoko esengeziwe kuvala amanani anamuhla, kodwa kwandisa izindleko zokuphatha kanye nobungozi bokugcina isitoko esingasasebenzi. Ukuhlela amanani okuphinda kwenza i-oda nezikhathi zokulindwa ngamanani nezikhathi zamanje kusiza ukugwema kokubili ukuthenga okuncane nokweqile.

Imisebenzi ekude nenezindawo eziningi. Amamayini nezinye izindawo zokukhiqiza zikude nezikhungo eziyinhloko. Ukugcwaliswa kabusha kwesitoreji esikude kungasho ukuhamba amabanga amade noma ukulethwa okungajwayelekile. Izakhiwo ezinezindawo eziningi (isb. amaphothifoliyo ezakhiwo, izindawo zokuthengisa noma zezimboni) zingase zibe nezitoreji eziningi ezincane ngaphandle kombono owodwa wesitoko. Ngaphandle kombono ocacile walokho okukuphi nokuthi kufanele kuphindwe kwenziwe i-oda nini, esinye isayithi siyaphelelwa kuyilapho esinye sinesitoko esengeziwe.

Ukwenza ama-oda ahlukaniswe. Uma othisha noma abahleli bethenga ngokuqondile kubahlinzeki abaningi ngaphandle kombono ophakathi walokho osekukhona kade noma esesitokweni, ama-oda aphindwayo nokuxhamazela kwesikhathi sokugcina kuyinto ejwayelekile. Ukuhlanganisa idatha yezingxenye ezisele endaweni eyodwa nokuyixhumanisa nama-work order kunciphisa lokho kuhlukaniswa.

Ukuhlelwa Kwe-ABC, i-Min/Max, Namaphuzu Okuphinda Kwenza I-Oda

Akuzona zonke izingxenye ezifanele ukunakwa okufanayo. Ukuhlelwa kwe-ABC kwahlukanisa isitoko sakho sokulungisa ngokwomthelela ukuze ukwazi ukugxila ekulawuleni nasemalini lapho kubaluleke khona kakhulu.

• Izinto ze-A: Umthelela ophezulu: ezibalulekile ekukhiqizeni noma ekuphepheni, isikhathi eside sokulindwa, noma eziyimali eningi. Lezi zifanelekela ukulawulwa okuqinile: i-min/max enembile, ukubalwa kwesitoko okuvamile, futhi ngokuvamile isu elizinikezelwe lezingxenye ezibalulekile. Izibonelo: izingxenye zamabhuleki empahla yokuphakanyiswa, ama-impeller ebalulekile epompo, izingxenye ezikhethekile zokushayela.
• Izinto ze-B: Umthelela ophakathi: zisetshenziswa njalo kodwa azihlali zibalulekile; izindleko noma isikhathi sokulinda esiphakathi. Imithetho ejwayelekile ye-min/max nokuphinda kwenza i-oda iyasebenza. Izibonelo: ama-bearing ajwayelekile, ama-seal, amabhande, amafilta.
• Izinto ze-C: Umthelela ophansi: izindleko eziphansi, isikhathi esifushane sokulinda, noma ukusetshenziswa okuncane. Yenza kube lula ukulawula (isb. i-oda ye-two-bin noma yesamba) ukugwema ukusebenzisa imali eningi kwezokuphatha kunalokho okubiza izingxenye. Izibonelo: izinto ezijwayelekile zokubopha, ama-gasket, izinto ezincane ezisetshenziswayo.

Hlela ngokwe-kritikaliti nokusetshenziswa, hhayi ngenani kuphela: ingxenye ye-R500 emisa umugqa we-R50 million iyinto ye-A ngisho noma ezinye zibiza kakhulu. Buyekeza i-ABC njalo njengoba impahla nokusetshenziswa kushintsha. I-rejista yezimpahla exhumanisa izingxenye nempahla ikusiza ubone ukuthi yiziphi izingxenye ezisekela impahla ebalulekile futhi okufanele ziphathwe njenge-A noma i-B.

I-Min/max (amazinga aphansi nawaphezulu esitoko) namaphuzu okuphinda kwenza i-oda kuyisisekelo sokuphathwa kwezingxenye ezisele okujwayelekile eNingizimu Afrika.

• U-Min (elincane kakhulu): Izinga elivula ukuphinda kwenziwa i-oda. Uma isitoko sehla kufike noma ngaphansi kuka-Min, kuvela ukuthenga noma ukudlulisa. Setha u-Min ophakeme ngokwanele ukuze uvale isidingo ngesikhathi sokulinda kanye nesigxathane sokuphepha sokushintshashintsha.
• U-Max (elikhulu kakhulu): Izinga elihlosiwe ngemva kokugcwaliswa kabusha. Kukhawulela ukuthi ugcina malini futhi kuvimbela ukuthenga okweqile. Setha u-Max kusukela enanini lokuthenga elinomnotho, esikhaleni sokugcina, noma kwisabelomali.
• Iphuzu Lokuphinda Kwenza I-Oda: Ngokuvamile lisethwa lilingane no-Min: uma inani elisesandleni (kanye nelodwa, uma ulilandelela) lifika kuleli phuzu, uhlelo lukhiqiza isexwayiso noma isicelo sokuphinda kwenza i-oda.

Ezintweni ze-A ne-B, sekela u-min/max ekusetshenzisweni kwangaphambilini (isb. ukusetshenziswa okuphakathi ngesonto noma ngenyanga), isikhathi sokulinda ngezinsuku noma amasonto, kanye nezinga lesevisi elifiswayo. Ezintweni ze-C, imithetho elula (isb. “phinda wenze i-oda uma ibhokisi ilambatha” noma “oda okwanele izinyanga eziyi-12”) kuvame ukwanele. I-CMMS egcina umlando wokusetshenziswa ngengxenye ngayinye ingabala u-min/max okuphakanyisiwe namaphuzu okuphinda kwenza i-oda futhi iveze izexwayiso zokuphinda kwenza i-oda ukuze kungabikho okushiywa emqondweni noma kuma-spreadsheet.

Ukuphathwa Kwezingxenye Ezibalulekile Nezitoreji Eziningi

Ezinye izingxenye zibaluleke kakhulu empahleni enomthelela omkhulu noma ebalulekile ekuphepheni kangangokuthi ukusweleka kwesitoko okukodwa akwamukelekile. Kulezo, kusetshenziswa isu elicacile lezingxenye ezibalulekile (izingxenye zomshwalense): ugcina iyunithi eyodwa noma ngaphezulu esesabelweni, ngokuvamile ngendawo yokugcina ezinikezelwe nokukhishwa okulawulwayo, ukuze uma ingxenye efakiwe ihluleka, isikhundla sitholakale ngokushesha. Izikhethi ezijwayelekile yizingxenye ezinesikhathi eside sokulinda, izindawo eziyinhloko zokwehluleka empahleni ebalulekile, kanye nezingxenye ezingenayo indawo yokufaka esikhundleni sazo endaweni. Izindleko zokugcina ingxenye kulinganiswa ngokumelene nezindleko zesikhathi sokungasebenzi eside uma ungenayo. Bhala phansi ukuthi yiziphi izingxenye eziyizingxenye ezibalulekile, ukuthi zigcinwa kuphi, kanye nendlela ezikhishwa ngayo (isb. kuphela ngokumelene ne-work order yaleyompahla). ENingizimu Afrika, izindawo zemayini ezikude zivame ukugcina izingxenye ezibalulekile esiteshini zempahla yokuphakanyiswa, ama-winder, kanye nempahla eyinhloko yokucubungula ngoba izikhathi zokulinda ezivela kubahlinzeki basogwini benza ukugcwaliswa kwesitoko okungenzeka.

Imisebenzi enesitolo esingaphezu kwesisodwa (isb. isitoreji esiyinhloko nezitoreji zesayithi, noma izakhiwo eziningi ngayinye enegumbi lesitoko elincane) idinga umbono owodwa wesitoko kuzo zonke izindawo. Ukuphathwa kwezitoreji eziningi kwizingxenye ezisele kusho ukwazi ukuthi yini ekuyiphi indawo, ukukwazi ukudlulisa phakathi kwezindawo uma esinye isayithi sisweleka, kanye nokusetha imithetho ye-min/max nokuphinda kwenza i-oda ngendawo ngayinye lapho izikhathi zokulinda nokusetshenziswa kuhluke khona. Ngaphandle kwakho, esinye isayithi singathenga kumhlinzeki kuyilapho esinye sinengxenye efanayo ehleli ingasetshenziswanga. I-CMMS esekela izindawo eziningi zesitoko ingakhombisa ukutholakala kuzo zonke izindawo, iphakamise ukudluliswa, futhi iqale ukuphinda kwenza i-oda uma isitoko esiphelele noma esiqondene nendawo sehla ngaphansi kwephuzu lokuphinda kwenza i-oda.

Ukuphathwa Kwabahlinzeki Nokulandelela Kwe-B-BBEE Ekuthengweni Kwezingxenye Ezisele

Ukuthengwa kwezingxenye ezisele kubandakanya abahlinzeki abaningi: ama-OEM, abasabalalisi, kanye nabakhethekile bendawo. Ukubaphatha kahle kusho izinhlu zabahlinzeki abakhethiwe, izikhathi ezicacile zokulinda nemibandela, futhi, eNingizimu Afrika, ukulandelela kwe-B-BBEE ukuze izindleko zokulungisa zisekele iskora sakho. Uma uphakamisa ukuthenga ingxenye, ukubhala umhlinzeki kanye nezinga labo le-B-BBEE (nokusebenza kwesitifiketi) kuqinisekisa ukuthi izindleko zibalwa embikweni wokuthenga okukhethekile. Ngaphandle kwakho, ingxenye enkulu yezindleko ze-MRO ingawela ngaphandle kombiko we-B-BBEE noma inikezwe abahlinzeki abangaqinisekiswanga. Ukugcina irejista labahlinzeki elinezinga le-B-BBEE, usuku lokuphelelwa kwesitifiketi, kanye nesimo esikhethiwe kwenza kube lula kubahleli nothisha ukukhetha abahlinzeki abahambisanayo uma bethenga. Ukuze uthole umfanekiso ophelele wendlela yokulandelela i-B-BBEE ekuthengweni kokulungisa, bheka umhlahlandlela wethu othi ukuthengwa kwe-B-BBEE ekulungiseni.

Indlela I-CMMS Ephatha Ngayo Izingxenye Ezisele Nokulawulwa Kwesitoko

I-CMMS eyakhelwe isitoko sokulungisa ixhumanisa izingxenye ezisele nokwenziwa komsebenzi, imigomo yokuphinda kwenza i-oda, nokubika ukuze ukuphathwa kwezingxenye ezisele kube yingxenye yesistimu efanayo esihlela futhi ibhale umsebenzi wokulungisa. Ukufaka idatha ngesandla kokukhishwa, ukwamukelwa, nokubalwa kwesitoko kuyacotha futhi kuvamise amaphutha; ukuskena kwebhakhodi noma i-QR kusheshisa izenzo futhi kuthuthukise ukunemba (skena ingxenye noma ibhokisi, indawo, qinisekisa inani). Ukunyakaza kwesitoko kurekhodwa ngesikhathi sangempela, futhi uhlelo lungakwazi ukukhipha ngokuzenzakalelayo kuma-work order lapho ungoti ekhipha izingxenye ngokumelene nomsebenzi. Amalebula angaphrintwa ku-CMMS ukuze ingxenye nendawo ngayinye ibe nekhodi eyingqayizivele, okunciphisa amaphutha aholela ezexwayisweni ezingalungile zokuphinda kwenza i-oda noma isitoko “esiyisipoki”.

Izingxenye ezixhunyaniswe nama-work order. Uma i-work order idalwa (evimbelayo noma elungisayo), ungoti noma umhleli angagcinela ngaphambili noma akhiphe izingxenye ohlwini lwezingxenye olunamathiselwe kuleyo work order. Uhlelo lukhipha esitokweni uma izingxenye zikhishwa, ukuze ukusetshenziswa kuxhunyaniswe nomsebenzi kanye nempahla. Lokho kunikeza umlando onembile wokusetshenziswa ngengxenye ngayinye nangempahla ngayinye, okondla izinqumo ze-min/max ne-ABC.

Ukukhishwa ngokuzenzakalelayo kanye namazinga esitoko. Njengoba izingxenye zikhishwa ngokumelene nama-work order, izinani ezisandleni ziyehla. I-CMMS ingaxwayisa uma umsebenzi ungeke uqedwe ngoba izingxenye ezidingekayo zingaphansi kuka-Min noma sezishayiwe, futhi ingaphakamisa ezinye izindlela (isb. ingxenye efanayo kwenye indawo) uma isitoreji esiningi sisekelwe.

Izexwayiso Zokuphinda Kwenza I-Oda. Uma isitoko sengxenye sehla sifike noma ngaphansi kwephuzu layo lokuphinda kwenza i-oda (u-Min), uhlelo lungakhiqiza izexwayiso zokuphinda kwenza i-oda noma izicelo zokuthenga. Lokho kugcina ukuphinda kwenza i-oda kususelwa emithethweni futhi kubonakala kunokuba kusabela. Imibiko ingalungisa zonke izingxenye ezingaphansi kuka-Min noma zonke izicelo ezivulekile zokuphinda kwenza i-oda ukuze abathengi nabahleli benze isinyathelo endaweni eyodwa.

Umhlinzeki ne-B-BBEE. I-CMMS ingagcina irejista labahlinzeki elinezinga le-B-BBEE nosuku lokuphelelwa kwesitifiketi. Uma ukuphinda kwenza i-oda noma ukuthenga kuphakanyiswa, umhlinzeki okhethiwe (kanye nesimo sabo se-B-BBEE) uyatholakala ukuze ukhethwe. Izindleko zezingxenye ezisele zingabikwa ngemuva kwalokho ngokomhlinzeki nangokwezinga le-B-BBEE ukuze zisetshenziselwe iskora nokuhlolwa.

Ukuxhumana Kwempahla Nezingxenye. Izingxenye zivame ukuxhunyaniswa nempahla (isb. “le bearing ihambisana ne-conveyor C-01”). Lokho kusekela izinhlu zezinto ezakhiwayo, imibuzo ethi “iziphi izingxenye ezidingwa yile mpahla?”, kanye nokuhlelwa kwezingxenye ezibalulekile kususelwa ekubalulekeni kwempahla. Kanye ne-rejista yezimpahla, i-CMMS iba yindawo eyodwa lapho impahla, umlando wokulungisa, kanye nokutholakala kwezingxenye ezisele kuxhunyaniswa khona.

Ukuze uthole umbono osekeliweyo wendlela i-CMMS esekela ngayo ukuhlela ukulungisa, ukwenziwa, kanye nokuhambisana eNingizimu Afrika, bheka umhlahlandlela wethu othi iyini i-CMMS.

Izibonelo ZaseNingizimu Afrika Nezinyathelo Ezilandelayo

Ezemayini, izindawo ezikude. Imayini enesitoreji esiyinhloko nezitoreji eziningana zeshafu noma zesitshalo isebenzisa i-min/max namaphuzu okuphinda kwenza i-oda ngendawo. Izingxenye ezibalulekile zempahla yokuphakanyiswa nempahla eyinhloko yokucubungula zigcinwa esiteshini; izinto ze-MRO ezijwayelekile zigcwaliswa kabusha kusuka esikhungweni noma kubahlinzeki ngohlelo. I-CMMS ikhombisa isitoko kuzo zonke izindawo, izexwayiso zokuphinda kwenza i-oda zikhiqizwa uma u-Min efika, futhi ukuthengwa kwezingxenye ezisele kulandelelwa ngokomhlinzeki nezinga le-B-BBEE ekubikeni kwe-charter nokungaphakathi.

Ukukhiqiza, i-JIT nezitoreji. Isitshalo sokukhiqiza singase sisebenzise ukulethwa kwe-just-in-time kwezinye izinto ezisetshenziswayo kodwa sigcine isitoko sokuphepha sezingxenye ezibalulekile noma ezinesikhathi eside sokulinda. Ukuhlelwa kwe-ABC kugcina izingxenye ze-A ne-B ku-min/max nezexwayiso zokuphinda kwenza i-oda; izinto ze-C ziphathwa ngemithetho elula. Izingxenye zikhishwa esitoreji ngokumelene nama-work order, ukuze ukusetshenziswa kurekhodwe futhi i-MTTR ingakhukhulelwa “ukulinda izingxenye” uma ingxenye isohlelweni kodwa ingagcinelwe umsebenzi.

Izakhiwo, izindawo eziningi. Umphathi wezakhiwo obhekene nezakhiwo noma izindawo eziningi ugcina izitoreji ezincane kuyo yonke indawo. Ukubonakala kwezitoreji eziningi kukhombisa ukuthi yini ekuyiphi; ukudluliswa phakathi kwezindawo kusetshenziswa uma esinye isayithi sisweleka kanti esinye sinesitoko esengeziwe. Amaphuzu okuphinda kwenza i-oda asethwa ngesayithi ngokusekela ekusetshenzisweni kwasendaweni nokuvama kokulethwa. Ukuskena kwebhakhodi noma i-QR kuso sonke isitoreji kusheshisa ukukhishwa nokubalwa kwesitoko ukuze idatha yesitoko ihlale inembile nabasebenzi abambalwa.

Ukuphathwa kwezingxenye ezisele eNingizimu Afrika kuthinta ngokuqondile i-MTTR, izindleko zesikhathi sokungasebenzi, kanye nemali engenayo ebotshwe esitokweni se-MRO. Ukulibaziseka kokungenisa nokohlelo lokuthengisa, ukwenyuka kwamanani, kanye nemisebenzi ekude noma enezindawo eziningi kwenza izinqubomgomo ezicacile zibaluleke: ukuhlelwa kwe-ABC, i-min/max namaphuzu okuphinda kwenza i-oda, izingxenye ezibalulekile lapho kufaneleka, ukubonakala kwezitoreji eziningi, kanye nokuphathwa kwabahlinzeki okuhlanganisa nokulandelela kwe-B-BBEE. I-CMMS ixhumanisa izingxenye nama-work order nempahla, yenza ngokuzenzakalelayo izexwayiso zokuphinda kwenza i-oda, futhi isekela ukubika kwe-B-BBEE ukuze ukuphathwa kwezingxenye ezisele kuhlale kufana, kubonakale, futhi kuhambisane nezinjongo zakho zokulungisa nokuhambisana. Bona ukuthi i-Lungisa isiza kanjani imisebenzi yaseNingizimu Afrika ukuphatha izingxenye ezisele, ama-work order, kanye nezexwayiso zokuphinda kwenza i-oda endaweni eyodwa.