Isofthiwe Yokwakha Ukuze Kuqashiswe (SA): Ukwakha Nokusebenzisa

Ukwakha ukuze kuqashiswe kuguqula bonke ubudlelwane bomthuthukisi nohlelo. Ekuthuthukisweni okwenzelwe ukuthengiswa, umthuthukisi wakha, athengise futhi aphume — ubudlelwane buphela ngesikhathi sokudlulisela. Ekwakheni ukuze kuqashiswe, umthuthukisi wakha bese egcina impahla, abe ngumnikazi kanye nomphathi wesikhathi eside. Lokho kuguquka, kusuka ekuthengiseni-nokuphuma kuya ekunikini-nokuphatha, kushintsha ezimali, umthetho wokusebenzisa izindleko, ukudluliselwa kanye nencazelo yempumelelo. Uhlelo alusaqhathaniswa nemali etholakala ekuthengisweni ngesikhathi sokuqedwa, kepha ngemali engenayo eyikhiqizayo eminyakeni edlule lokho.

Lo mhlahlandlela uhlanganisa isofthiwe esekela uhlelo lokwakha ukuze kuqashiswe kusuka ekuthuthukisweni kuya ekusebenzeni eNingizimu Afrika, kanye nokuthi kungani imodeli yokuthuthukisa-nokusebenzisa idinga amathuluzi angapheli ekuqedweni okusebenzayo.

Umehluko phakathi kokwakha ukuze kuqashiswe nokwakha ukuze kuthengiswe

Lezi zimodeli ezimbili zifana ngesikhathi sokwakhiwa kepha ziyahluka ngokuphelele ngaphandle kwaso.

Ezimali ziyahluka. Ukwakha ukuze kuthengiswe kukhokhelwa ngokuthengisa; ukwakha ukuze kuqashiswe kudinga ukuguqula isikweletu sokuthuthukisa sibe yimali yokutshala imali yesikhathi eside, egunyazwa ngemali engenayo yokuqasha elindelekile kunemali etholakala ekuthengiseni. Ukuphuma akusiwo umthengiso kepha yimpahla ezinzile ekhiqiza imali engenayo. Umthetho wokusebenzisa izindleko nawo uyahluka: ekwakheni ukuze kuqashiswe, izinqumo zezimo zokwakha nazo ziyizinqumo zokugcina, ngoba umthuthukisi uzohlala nezindleko zokusebenza zesakhiwo iminyaka eminingi, angazidluliseli kumthengi. Ukuqedela okushibhile okubiza kakhulu ukugcina yisilinganiso esingamanga uma unguwena ophethe.

Nesikhathi siyahluka nakho. Ukwakha ukuze kuthengiswe kuphela ekudluliseleni; ukwakha ukuze kuqashiswe kunempilo yesibili — ukuqashiswa, ukusebenza, ukulungiswa — okubunjwa yizinqumo zokuthuthukisa. Umthuthukisi ophatha ukwakha ukuze kuqashiswe njengokwakha ukuze kuthengiswe, egxile kuphela ekuqedeleni, uzoba nempahla engasebenzi kahle ekusebenzeni.

Okumele isofthiwe yokwakha ukuze kuqashiswe ikusekele

Ipulatifomu yokwakha ukuze kuqashiswe kufanele iphathe ukuthuthukiswa kahle bese ixhuma ngokucacile ekusebenzeni.

Ukuthuthukisa ngeso lokusebenza

Amakhono ayisisekelo okuthuthukisa — ukufaneleka, uhlelo, isabelomali se-ZAR, ukugeleza kwemali, ukuhambisana nemithetho — kepha kusetshenziswa ngokucabangela isigaba sokusebenza. Isifundo sokufaneleka simodela imali engenayo yokuqasha kanye nenzuzo ezinzile, hhayi inzuzo yokuthuthukisa kuphela. Izinqumo zezindleko zilinganiswa nezindleko zokusebenza zesikhathi eside. Ukuphathwa kwesabelomali kwaWakha kanye nesikhungo sokulawula ukugeleza kwemali sinikeza uqekwane lokuthuthukisa nge-ZAR, kanti amathuluzi awo ohlelo nokuhambisana nemithetho aphatha ukwakhiwa.

Ukubika okulungele ukuguqulwa kwezimali

Ukusuka kwezimali zokuthuthukisa kuya kwezimali zokutshala imali kudinga ukukhombisa amandla empahla okukhiqiza imali engenayo kanye nerekhodi lokuthuthukisa elihlanzekile. Ipulatifomu egcina irekhodi lezindleko, lokuhambisana nemithetho kanye nekhwalithi endaweni eyodwa yenza lokho kuguquka kube lula kakhulu kunokuwakha kabusha kusuka kumasipredishithi ngesikhathi sokuguqula izimali.

Ukudluliselwa ekusebenzeni

Indawo lapho ukuthuthukisa kuphela khona kanti ukusebenza kuqala khona yilapho izinhlelo zokwakha ukuze kuqashiswe zivame khona ukulahlekelwa ulwazi — izakhiwo njengoba zakhiwe, iziqinisekiso, amarekhodi ezinsimbi kanye namaphepha okuhambisana nemithetho isigaba sokusebenza esizowadinga. Isofthiwe kufanele ihlanganise leyo mpahla yokudlulisela ekusebenzeni njengoba ukwakhiwa kuqhubeka, hhayi ukuyakha kabusha ngemuva kwesikhathi.

Ibhuloho eliya ekuphathweni kokuqasha

Uma sekusetshenziswa, impahla idinga ukuphathwa kokuqasha — abaqashi, izivumelwano zokuqasha, ukuqoqwa kwemali yokuqasha kanye nokulungiswa. Ngaphakathi komndeni wemikhiqizo kaSkynode, lena yindawo kaIndlu, ipulatifomu yokuqasha nokuphatha izakhiwo, ethatha lapho isigaba sokuthuthukisa siphela khona. Ukuphatha ukuthuthukisa nokusebenza njengezigaba ezixhumene, hhayi njengemhlaba ehlukene, yikho okugcina uhlelo lokwakha ukuze kuqashiswe luhambisana kusukela ekuqaleni kuya ekugcineni.

Isidingo sokwakha ukuze kuqashiswe	Kungani kuhluke kokwakha ukuze kuthengiswe
Ukufaneleka ngokusekelwe enzuzweni yokuqasha	Ukuphuma yimali engenayo, hhayi imali yomthengiso
Irekhodi elilungele ukuguqulwa kwezimali	Isikweletu sokuthuthukisa siba yimali yokutshala imali
Isimo esilungele ukulungiswa	Umthuthukisi uthwala izindleko zokusebenza
Iphakethe lokudlulisela ekusebenzeni	Impahla iyagcinwa, hhayi ukudluliselwa
Ibhuloho eliya ekuphathweni kokuqasha	Ukusebenza yikho ukuphuma okoqobo

Ukumodela umnotho wokuqasha kusukela osukwini lokuqala

Umehluko omkhulu kunayo yonke phakathi kwesifundo sokufaneleka sokwakha ukuze kuqashiswe nesokwakha ukuze kuthengiswe yilokho okumiswe ekugcineni kwesibalo. Ukwakha ukuze kuthengiswe kuphela emalini yomthengiso. Ukwakha ukuze kuqashiswe kuphela empahleni ezinzile ekhiqiza imali engenayo, elinganiselwa ngemali yayo yokuqasha engenayo kanye nenzuzo. Lokho kushintsha konke ukuhlolwa: esikhundleni sokubuza ukuthi amayunithi azothengiswa ngamalini, ubuza ukuthi azoqashiswa ngamalini, kuzobiza malini ukuwasebenzisa, kanye nokuthi leyo mali engenayo ithatha malini njengempahla.

Lokhu kufanele kumodelwe kusukela osukwini lokuqala, hhayi kunamathiselwe ekugcineni, ngoba kubumba izinqumo kuze kufike emuva emcimbini womhlaba. Ukuqasha okufinyelelekayo, isikhathi sokuqashisa ngaphambi kokuba uhlelo luzinze, ukungahlali kwezindawo kanye nezindleko zokusebenza, kanye nenzuzo yokuphuma konke kudlulisela olwazini lokuthi umthuthukisi angakwazi ukukhokhela nokwakhani. Uhlelo lokwakha ukuze kuqashiswe olulinganiselwa sengathi lungolokwakha ukuze kuthengiswe — ligxile kuphela ekuqedeleni nasekuthengiseni okucatshangwayo — luzokwenza izinqumo ezingalungile kuyo yonke indlela, ngoba lixazulula inkinga engalungile.

Umthetho wokusebenzisa izindleko zokusebenza

Ekwakheni ukuze kuqashiswe, umthuthukisi uba yiqembu elikhokha izindleko zokusebenza zesakhiwo iminyaka eminingi, okuguqula ubuchule bezimo zokwakha. Yonke inqumo ngesikhathi sokwakhiwa nayo iyinqumo yokulungiswa. Ukuqedela okushibhile ukufaka kepha okubiza kakhulu ukugcina, into engagcinwa ehluleka masinyane, uhlelo olunzima ukusiza — konke lokhu kuyizilinganiso zamanga uma uphethe imiphumela. Umthuthukisi wokwakha ukuze kuqashiswe ngakho-ke ulinganisa izindleko zempilo yonke, hhayi izindleko zokwakha kuphela, futhi uzuza kupulatifomu egcina irekhodi lezimo, iziqinisekiso kanye nezinsimbi ligcinwa liphelele esigabeni sokusebenza esikhundleni sokulilahlekelwa ngesikhathi sokudluliselwa. Leyo rekhodi yiyo evumela ithimba lokusebenza ukuphatha impahla ngokusekelwe kulokho okwakhiwe futhi kwafakwa ngempela, esikhundleni sokukuthola kabusha ngendlela enzima.

Ukuphatha uhlelo kusukela ekuthuthukisweni kuya ekusebenzeni

Inselelo ebalulekile yokwakha ukuze kuqashiswe ukuqhubeka komnyango phakathi kokuthuthukisa nokusebenza. Uhlelo oluphethwe njengokuthuthukisa okumsulwa, konke kugxilile ekuqedeleni bese kudluliselwa kubanda, luqala impilo yalo yokusebenza nezikhala — amarekhodi angekho, izinqumo ezenziwe ngaphandle kokucabangela izindleko zokusebenza, isifundo sokufaneleka esingazange simodele imali engenayo impahla esiphila ngayo manje.

Wakha uphatha isigaba sokuthuthukisa kusukela endaweni yokuqala yaseNingizimu Afrika — isabelomali se-ZAR nokugeleza kwemali, uhlelo lweGantt, idayari yendawo yokwakha yeselula, ukuhambisana nemithetho ye-NHBRC ne-B-BBEE, izinkokhelo zenqubekelaphambili ze-JBCC/NEC/GCC — futhi uyanda uye ekufanelekeni komhlaba wesigaba sokuqala ukuze uhlelo lokwakha ukuze kuqashiswe lulinganiswe ngomnotho walo wokuqasha kusukela ekuqaleni. Esigabeni sokusebenza, ipulatifomu ka-Indlu kaSkynode iphatha ukuqasha nokuphathwa kwezakhiwo, ngakho impahla ihamba isuka ekuthuthukisweni iye ekusebenzeni ngaphakathi komndeni owodwa wemikhiqizo esikhundleni sokudlulisela okubandayo emathuluzini angajwayelekile.

Uma uthuthukisa ukuze ugcine futhi usebenzise kunokuthengisa, bona ukuthi uWakha uphatha kanjani isigaba sokuthuthukisa ngokucabangela impilo yokusebenza: hlola Wakha.

Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa

Yini ukwakha ukuze kuqashiswe?

Ukwakha ukuze kuqashiswe iyimodeli lapho umthuthukisi akha uhlelo lwezindlu noma oluxubile ukuze aluqashe futhi aluphathe njengempahla yokuqasha, esikhundleni sokuluthengisa nokuphuma. Ukuphuma yimpahla ezinzile ekhiqiza imali engenayo eguqulwa ngezimali ngokusekelwe emalini yayo yokuqasha, hhayi imali yomthengiso ngesikhathi sokuqedwa, okushintsha ezimali, umthetho wokusebenzisa izindleko kanye nokudluliselwa.

Isofthiwe yokwakha ukuze kuqashiswe ihluke kanjani?

Kufanele iphathe ukuthuthukisa ngeso lokusebenza — ukufaneleka ngokusekelwe enzuzweni yokuqasha, izimo zilinganiswa nokulungiswa kwesikhathi eside, irekhodi elilungele ukuguqulwa kwezimali — bese ixhuma ngokucacile ekusebenzeni kokuqasha esikhundleni sokuphela ekuqedweni okusebenzayo. Ithuluzi elimsulwa lokwakha ukuze kuthengiswe ligxila kuphela ekuqedeleni, okushiya impahla yokwakha ukuze kuqashiswe iqala impilo yayo yokusebenza inezikhala.

Ingabe uWakha uphatha nesigaba sokusebenza?

Wakha uphatha isigaba sokuthuthukisa. Isigaba sokusebenza — abaqashi, izivumelwano zokuqasha, ukuqoqwa kwemali yokuqasha kanye nokulungiswa — siphathwa nguIndlu, ipulatifomu kaSkynode yokuqasha nokuphatha izakhiwo. Inzuzo yomndeni owodwa wemikhiqizo ukuthi uhlelo luhamba lusuka ekuthuthukisweni luye ekusebenzeni ngaphandle kokudlulisela okubandayo emathuluzini angajwayelekile.

Kungani izimo zibaluleke kakhulu ekwakheni ukuze kuqashiswe?

Ngoba umthuthukisi ugcina isakhiwo futhi akhokhe izindleko zaso zokusebenza iminyaka eminingi. Ukuqedela noma into ephathekayo eshibhile ebiza kakhulu ukugcina yisilinganiso samanga uma unguwena ophethe isikhathi eside, hhayi umthengisi. Ukwakha ukuze kuqashiswe ngakho-ke kulinganisa izinqumo zezimo nokulungiswa kwempilo yonke, hhayi izindleko zokwakha kuphela.

Ingabe ukwakha ukuze kuqashiswe kuyakhula eNingizimu Afrika?

Ukwakha ukuze kuqashiswe kuqhubeka kuthola ukunakwa njengoba abathuthukisi nabatshalizimali befuna impahla yezindlu ekhiqiza imali engenayo esikhundleni sokuncika kuphela ezinzuzweni zokuthengisa-nokuphuma. Imodeli ihambisana nemvelo lapho isidingo sokuqasha sesikhathi eside sinamandla futhi lapho impahla ezinzile, ephathwa kahle ingaba nomdlandla kwizimali zokutshala imali. Njengayo yonke imodeli, ukusebenza kwayo kuncike emnothweni wokuqasha wohlelo oluthile, indawo kanye nomthetho wokusebenza, okuyilokho okuyisifundo esiqinile sokufaneleka esifanele sikuhlole.

Ukwakha ukuze kuqashiswe kuxhaswa ngezimali kanjani?

Ngokuvamile ngezigaba ezimbili: ezimali zokuthuthukisa ukuze kwakhiwe, bese kuba nokuguqulwa kwezimali kube yimali yokutshala imali yesikhathi eside uma impahla isiqediwe futhi isiqashisiwe. Imali yokutshala imali igunyazwa ngokusekelwe emalini yempahla engenayo yokuqasha elindelekile kanye nenzuzo, esikhundleni sokusekelwa emalini yomthengiso. Yingakho isifundo sokufaneleka sokwakha ukuze kuqashiswe simodela umnotho wokuqasha kusukela ekuqaleni, nokuthi kungani irekhodi lokuthuthukisa elihlanzekile, elilungele ukuguqulwa kwezimali lenza ukuguqulwa kuye emalini yokutshala imali kube lula kakhulu.

Kwenzekani kuma-data okuthuthukisa uma impahla iqala ukusebenza?

Ohlelweni lokwakha ukuze kuqashiswe oluphethwe kahle, izakhiwo njengoba zakhiwe, iziqinisekiso, amarekhodi ezinsimbi kanye namaphepha okuhambisana nemithetho kuqhubeka kuya ekusebenzeni esikhundleni sokulahleka ngesikhathi sokudluliselwa. Ngaphakathi komndeni wemikhiqizo kaSkynode, Wakha uphatha isigaba sokuthuthukisa kanti Indlu uphatha ukuqasha nokuphathwa kwezakhiwo, ngakho impahla ihamba ngaphakathi komndeni owodwa isuka ekwakhiweni iye ekusebenzeni esikhundleni sokudlulisela okubandayo emathuluzini angajwayelekile.

Ngingaguqula yini uhlelo lokwakha ukuze kuthengiswe libe ngelokwakha ukuze kuqashiswe?

Ungakhetha ukugcina esikhundleni sokuthengisa, kepha ukufaneleka kuyaguquka ngaphansi kwezinyawo zakho, ngakho kungcono kuphathwe njengesinqumo esiqondiwe esikhundleni sesu lokuzivikela. Uhlelo oludwetshelwe ukuthengiswa mhlawumbe alubekelwanga isimo sokusebenza kwesikhathi eside, futhi izimali zalo cishe zakhelwe ukuphuma ngomthengiso. Ukuluhlola kabusha ngomnotho wokuqasha — ukuqasha okufinyelelekayo, izindleko zokusebenza, isikhathi sokuqashisa kanye nenzuzo yokuphuma — kukutshela ukuthi ukugcina kudlula ngempela ukuthengisa, esikhundleni sokucabanga kanjalo ngoba imithengiso ibinensayi.

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