Ukuthuthukiswa Kwezindlu Ezifinyeleleka Ngentengo eNingizimu Afrika

Izindlu ezifinyeleleka ngentengo yilapho isidingo esikhulu kunazo zonke sezindlu eNingizimu Afrika nembiwolwazi yayo yokuthuthukiswa kuhlangana khona. Isidingo sikhulu futhi sisekelwe esakhiweni sezenhlalo — izigidi zemindeni zidinga izindlu ezifanele abazikwazi ukuzikhokhela ngentengo — futhi ithuba labathuthukisi abangakwazi ukulethwa ngesilinganiso esikhulu likhona ngempela. Kodwa izindlu ezifinyeleleka ngentengo futhi ziyingxenye enokuziphatha okuqinile kunazo zonke ekuthuthukisweni, ngoba zihlanganisa imajini encane, isimo esiyinkimbinkimbi sezimali, kanye nokuthobela imithetho okunzima, futhi zijezisa imikhuba engaqinile evumelekile ekwakhiweni kwezindlu zasemakethe. Uma kwenziwe kahle, kuyibhizinisi elikwazi ukukhula; uma kwenziwe ngokunganaki, kuyindlela enenhloso enhle yokulahlekelwa yimali.

Lo mhlahlandlela uhlanganisa lokho abathuthukisi abakudingayo ukwazi ngezindlu ezifinyeleleka ngentengo eNingizimu Afrika — isidingo, izimali, imajini, kanye nokuziphatha — ukuze ukwazi ukwahlulela ukuthi ngabe futhi kanjani ungangena kule makethe.

Ukuqonda imakethe yezindlu ezifinyeleleka ngentengo

Izindlu ezifinyeleleka ngentengo zihlanganisa uhlu olubanzi, kusukela ezindlini zomphakathi ezixhaswe ngokuphelele ngesibonelelo zemindeni enemali engenayo ephansi kunazo zonke, kuze kufike kulokho okubizwa nge-”gap market” — imindeni eholà imali eningi kakhulu ukuze ifaneleke ohlelweni lwesibonelelo esigcwele, kodwa iholà kancane kakhulu ukuze ithole ukuxhaswa yibhondi yesibopho evamile. Isigaba ngasinye sinamazinga awo entengo, abathengi noma abaqashi bawo, kanye nezindlela zawo zokuxhasa ngezimali. Ukuqonda ukuthi isigaba sini uhlelo oluthile oluliqondile kuyisinqumo sokuqala, ngoba kubumba yonke into kusukela ekuklanywe kweyunithi kuya esakhiweni sezimali kuya ohlelweni lokuthobela imithetho.

Into evamile kule makethe yonke ukuthi intengo inqunyelwe umkhawulo. Injongo yonke ukulethwa kwezindlu abantu abanemali engenayo ephansi abangakwazi ukuzikhokhela, okunquma umkhawulo wemali engenayo ngeyunithi bese kushiya imajini encane. Lowo mkhawulo uwuphawu olubalulekile lwebhizinisi.

Isimo sezimali

Izindlu ezifinyeleleka ngentengo kancane kuxhaswa ngomthombo owodwa. Uhlelo lungahlanganisa izibonelelo zikahulumeni, isikweletu esiphakeme esivela ebhange noma esikhungweni sezimali sokuthuthukisa, izipho, kanye nemali yakhe umthuthukisi ngokwakhe. Umthombo ngamunye unemibandela yawo yokufaneleka, izidingo zawo zokubika, kanye nemithetho yawo yokukhipha imali, futhi kudingeka konke kuhlanganiswe ndawonye kwakhiwe isakhiwo sezimali esihambisanayo esisekela uhlelo kuze kudlule isikhathi lapho i-cash flow iphansi kakhulu.

Ukuzulazula kulesi simo siyikhono ngokwaso. Umthuthukisi oqonda ukuthi imali iphi efanele isiphi isigaba, indlela imithombo ehlanganiswa ngayo, kanye nalokho okudingeka ngakunye ngokuqondene nokuthobela imithetho nokubika, unenzuzo esekelwe esakhiweni. Lowo ophatha izimali zezindlu ezifinyeleleka ngentengo njengesikweletu esisodwa sokuthuthukisa uzosokola ukuqoqa isakhiwo esisebenzayo.

Kungani imajini incane, futhi kudingeka kanjani

Ngenxa yokuthi imali engenayo ngeyunithi inomkhawulo, imajini phakathi kwezindleko nenani lincane, futhi kukhona indawo encane yokumela iphutha. Ukweqa kwezindleko okuhlelo lwasemakethe olungakwazi ukukwenaba kungasusa yonke imajini kuyunithi elixhaswe ngesibonelelo. Leli qiniso elilodwa liyona edonsa iningi lokuziphatha okudingekayo ezindlini ezifinyeleleka ngentengo.

Kudinga ukulawulwa okuqinile kwezindleko ezingeni leyunithi, hhayi ezingeni lephrojekthi kuphela, ukuze uhlobo lweyunithi oluqala ukwedlula ibhajethi lutholakale ekuqaleni futhi kulo lonke uhlelo esikhundleni sokutholwa sekwephuzile. Kudinga ukulethwa okusebenzayo, okuphindaphindekayo, ngoba inzuzo ivela emthamweni nasekuqhubekeni okuzinzile hhayi kwimajini ngendlu ngayinye. Futhi kudinga ukuthi ukungasebenzi kahle kwe-admin — isikhathi esilahlekile ekuvumelaniseni imibiko yabaxhasi, ukuxosha ukuthobela imithetho — kuncishiswe, ngoba kumajini encane lokho kusaphazwa kwesikhathi kuyimali yangempela. Izindlu ezifinyeleleka ngentengo zivuza ubuhle bokusebenza kunanoma yiluphi olunye uhlobo lokuthuthukisa.

Ukuthobela imithetho ngevolumu enkulu

Izindlu ezifinyeleleka ngentengo ngokuvamile zilethwa ngevolumu enkulu — amashumi noma amakhulu amayunithi — futhi ngalinye lisadinga ukubhaliswa kwe-NHBRC, ukwakha kusaphethe imibandela yokuthenga ye-B-BBEE, futhi isimo sikasonkontileka se-CIDB kufanele sisagcinwe simi kahle. Phezu kwalokho kukhona ukuthobela imithetho yesibonelelo: ukufakaza ukuthi amayunithi angawobani, isibonelelo sisetshenziswa kanjani, kanye nokuthi imali isetshenziswa kanjani. Ngevolumu enkulu, ukuphatha konke lokhu emafolidini nakumasipredishithi kubi kokubili — akusebenzi kahle futhi kuyingozi — ngoba ukwehluleka kokuthobela imithetho kungafaka engozini isibonelelo ngokwaso, hhayi nje ukubambezela iphrojekthi.

Yingakho abathuthukisi bezindlu ezifinyeleleka ngentengo bezuza kakhulu ekuphatheni ukuthobela imithetho njengokuziphatha okuqhubekayo, okulandelelwayo, okufakazelwe. Amandla okufakaza, noma yinini futhi kunoma yimuphi umxhasi, kahle ukuthi liphi ithuba iyunithi ngayinye, isibonelelo ngasinye kanye nerandi ngalinye elimile kuyo, akuwona umbono nje omuhle kule makethe; kuyilayisensi yokusebenza.

Ukuklama ukufinyeleleka ngentengo nokuphindaphindeka

Ngenxa yokuthi inzuzo yezindlu ezifinyeleleka ngentengo ivela emthamweni nasekuziphatheni ngezindleko hhayi kwimajini ngeyunithi, izinqumo zokuklama ezidonsa izindleko zibaluleke kakhulu, futhi kungcono zenziwe ngengqondo yokuphindaphindeka. Izinhlobo ezimbalwa zamayunithi aklanywe kahle, alinganisiwe, aphindaphindwa kulo lonke uhlelo, kushibhile kakhulu ukuwakha futhi kulula ukuwalawula kunomqoqo ohlukahlukene wemiklamo yonce nje. Ukulinganisa kuvumela umthuthukisi ukuthi acwenge izindleko zohlobo ngalunye, athenge izinto zokwakha ngevolumu enkulu, futhi akhe inqubo elindelekayo, ephindaphindekayo — konke lokho kwandisa umthelela wako kumakhulu amayunithi.

Lena yifilosofi yokuklama ehlukile kunezindlu zasemakethe, lapho ukwehlukana nobuwodwana kungadala inani eliphakeme. Ezindlini ezifinyeleleka ngentengo, inani eliphakeme lisekusebenzeni kahle: uhlobo lweyunithi olushibhile kancane ukwakhiwa, luphindaphindwa kulo lonke uhlelo, luyimajini yangempela kwisivumelwano esincane. Ukuziphatha ukuklama ngokuya ngomgomo wezindleko nokuminyana okudingwa isibonelelo noma imvume, bese kulethwa ngokuzinzile, esikhundleni sokuphatha iyunithi ngayinye njengenkinga entsha.

Ukuphindaphindeka kusiza nasekulawulweni kwezindleko nasekhwalithini. Uma uhlobo olufanayo lwakhiwa izikhathi eziningi, ukweqa kwezindleko noma inkinga yekhwalithi kulolo hlobo itholakala ekuqaleni futhi ilungiswe kuwo wonke amayunithi asele, esikhundleni sokutholwa kabusha ngasinye. Yilapho ukulandelela izindleko ezingeni leyunithi — ibhajethi yokubhekiswa kuyo ngohlobo, izinombolo zangempela eziqhathaniswa nayo, isixwayiso sokuqala uma uhlobo luqala ukuphambuka — kuguqula ukuphindaphindeka kube inzuzo yangempela yezindleko. Abathuthukisi abenza izindlu ezifinyeleleka ngentengo zisebenze baziphatha njengomsebenzi ofana nokukhiqiza, wokulethwa okusebenzayo, okuphindaphindekayo, hhayi njengochungechunge lokwakha okuwodwana ngokuwodwana.

Indlela isoftware esekela ngayo izindlu ezifinyeleleka ngentengo

Izindlu ezifinyeleleka ngentengo ziqoqa izinkinga isoftware eyona ingcono ekuzixazululeni: ukulawulwa kwezindleko ezingeni leyunithi kumajini encane, ukubika kubaxhasi abaningi, kanye nokuthobela imithetho ngevolumu enkulu. I-Wakha yakhelwe ukuthuthukiswa kwezindlu zokuhlala eNingizimu Afrika futhi ithwala kanye lo mthwalo. Ukuphathwa kwebhajethi yayo kulandelela amabhajethi okubhekiswa kuwo, izinombolo zangempela kanye nezindleko-zokuqedela nge-ZAR ezingeni lokucophelela imajini encane elidingayo; isikhungo se-cash flow command center siphatha ama-drawdown kuso sonke isakhiwo sezimali esiyinkimbinkimbi; futhi imilandeleli yayo ye-NHBRC, i-autocompliance kanye nokuthenga kwe-B-BBEE igcina ukuthobela imithetho kufakazelwe kuwo wonke amayunithi. Lokho kuguqula umlilo oqhubekayo wokuthobela imithetho nezindleko okungaba yiwo izindlu ezifinyeleleka ngentengo, kube yirekhodi elilawulwayo, elivikelekayo.

Uma uthuthukisa izindlu ezifinyeleleka ngentengo futhi umthwalo wezindleko nokuthobela imithetho udla imajini yakho, bona indlela i-Wakha egcina ngayo amayunithi, izindleko kanye nesibonelelo kurekhodi elilodwa elifakazelwe: hlola i-Wakha.

Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa

Ngabe izindlu ezifinyeleleka ngentengo ziyanzuza eNingizimu Afrika?

Kungenzeka, kodwa inzuzo ivela esilinganisweni nasekuziphatheni hhayi kwimajini ngeyunithi. Ngenxa yokuthi indlu ngayinye ihlelwe ngamabomu ukuba ifinyeleleke ngentengo, imajini incane, ngakho-ke inzuzo ithembele ekulawulweni okuqinile kwezindleko, ekuletheni ngevolumu ngokusebenzayo, kanye nasekuncishisweni kokusaphazwa kwe-admin okungeke kumelane nemajini encane. Abathuthukisi abaphatha izindlu ezifinyeleleka ngentengo njengebhizinisi elinevolumu ephakeme, elinemajini encane elinokulawulwa okuqinile kwezindleko yibona abakwenza kusebenze.

Izindlu ezifinyeleleka ngentengo zixhaswa kanjani?

Ngokuvamile ngokuhlanganisa imithombo — izibonelelo zikahulumeni, isikweletu esiphakeme esivela emabhange noma ezikhungweni zezimali zokuthuthukisa, izipho, kanye nemali yomthuthukisi — kwakhiwe kube isakhiwo sezimali. Umthombo ngamunye unemithetho yawo yokufaneleka, ukubika kanye nokukhipha imali, ngakho ukuzulazula nokuwahlanganisa kuyikhono eliyisisekelo. Isakhiwo esifanele sixhomeke ekutheni yisiphi isigaba semakethe efinyeleleka ngentengo uhlelo oluliqondile.

Yini i-gap market?

I-gap market ibhekisela emindenini eholà imali eningi kakhulu ukuze ifaneleke ezibonelelweni ezigcwele zezindlu, kodwa iholà kancane kakhulu ukuze ithole ngokukhululekile ukuxhaswa yibhondi yesibopho evamile — ibanjwe “esikhaleni” phakathi kwalokho kokubili. Siyingxenye ebalulekile yesidingo sezindlu ezifinyeleleka ngentengo, enamazinga ayo entengo nezindlela zayo zokuxhasa ngezimali, futhi ingumgomo obalulekile wabathuthukisi abangalethwa ngezindleko ezifanele.

Kungani imajini yezindlu ezifinyeleleka ngentengo incane kangaka?

Ngenxa yokuthi amayunithi ahlelwe ngamabomu ukuba afinyeleleke ngentengo, okunquma umkhawulo wemali engenayo ngendlu bese kushiya imajini encane phakathi kwezindleko nenani. Lokho kusho ukuthi ukweqa kwezindleko uhlelo lwasemakethe olwaluzokwazi ukukwenaba kungasusa imajini kuyunithi elixhaswe ngesibonelelo, yingakho ukulawulwa kwezindleko ezingeni leyunithi kanye nezixwayiso zokuqala zokweqa kubaluleke kakhulu lapha kunasezindlini zasemakethe.

Yikuphi ukuthobela imithetho okudingwa izindlu ezifinyeleleka ngentengo?

Ukuthobela imithetho okufanayo nakunoma yiluphi uhlelo — ukubhaliswa kwe-NHBRC ngeyunithi, ukuthenga kwe-B-BBEE ekwakheni, isimo sikasonkontileka se-CIDB — kwengeza ukuthobela imithetho yesibonelelo, okusho ukufakaza ukufaneleka kwabazuzi kanye nokuthi isibonelelo nemali kusetshenziswa kanjani. Kuvolumu izindlu ezifinyeleleka ngentengo ezibandakanya yona, lokhu kungcono kuphathwe njengokuziphatha okuqhubekayo, okulandelelwayo, okufakazelwe esikhundleni sokugijima njalo ngezikhathi ezithile, ngoba ukwehluleka kokuthobela imithetho kungafaka isibonelelo engozini.

Ngabe umthuthukisi omncane angangena ezindlini ezifinyeleleka ngentengo?

Yebo, nakuba ukuziphatha okudingekayo kubaluleke kakhulu. Abathuthukisi abancane bavame ukuqala ngesigaba esiqondiwe kanye nevolumu engalawuleka, bakhe amakhono okulawula izindleko nokuthobela imithetho lawo amakethe adingayo ngaphambi kokukhula. Isimo sezimali kanye nomthwalo wokuthobela imithetho ziyizithiyo zangempela, kodwa ziyazulazuleka ngokuxhunywa okufanele kobuchwepheshe nezinhlelo, futhi isidingo sesakhiwo sikhulu ngokwanele ukuvuza abathuthukisi abenza ingxenye yokusebenza kahle.

Yini umehluko phakathi kwezindlu zomphakathi nezindlu ezifinyeleleka ngentengo?

Amagama ayahlangana futhi ngezinye izikhathi asetshenziswa ngokungaqondile, kodwa ngokubanzi, izindlu ezifinyeleleka ngentengo ziuhlu olubanzi olumbandakanya izindlu ezihlelwe ukuze zifinyeleleke emindenini enemali engenayo ephansi naphakathi, kubandakanya ne-gap market. Izindlu zomphakathi ngokuvamile zibhekisela engxenyeni exhaswe ngokujulile kakhudlwana, evamise ukuqashiswa, yalowo mkhawulo egxile emindenini enemali engenayo ephansi, ngokuvamile ilethwa ngezindlela ezithile zezikhungo nezibonelelo. Kokubili kusendaweni yezindlu ezifinyeleleka ngentengo, kwabelana ngomkhawulo wentengo enqunyelwe umkhawulo, futhi kudinga ukuziphatha okufanayo kwezindleko nokuqinisa kokuthobela imithetho, kodwa zigxile ezigabeni ezihlukene ngezimali ezihlukene.

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