Indlela Yokuba Umthuthukisi Wezakhiwo eNingizimu Afrika

Ukuthuthukiswa kwezakhiwo kungenye yezinsimu ezimbalwa lapho umuntu omusha ozimisele engakwazi ngempela ukwakha ibhizinisi kusukela kusivumelwano esisodwa, futhi isidingo sezindlu eNingizimu Afrika senza leli thuba libe yiqiniso. Kodwa lo mkhondo unabaqalayo abaningi abaphathe ukuthuthukiswa njengokuthenga isayithi bese bethemba, futhi balahlekelwa yimali befunda ukuthi lokhu kuwumkhuba onobuchule, hhayi ukubheja. Ukuba umthuthukisi wezakhiwo akukhulunywa kakhulu ngesitifiketi kodwa kukhuluma ngokuthola isethi ethile yamakhono, ukwenza isivumelwano sokuqala esincane ngokwanele ukuze usinde amaphutha akho, nokwakha kusukela lapho.

Lo mhlahlandlela ubeka ngezinyathelo indlela yokuba umthuthukisi wezakhiwo eNingizimu Afrika — amakhono okuwathola, indlela yokusukumela isivumelwano sokuqala, ithimba ozothembela kulo, kanye nendlela esuka kuphrojekthi eyodwa iye kuqoqo lwamaphrojekthi.

Qonda ukuthi umsebenzi uwuphi ngempela

Ngaphambi kwakho konke, qonda ukuthi umsebenzi womthuthukisi ukuqamba iphrojekthi, ukuthola umhlaba nemali, ukuhlela ithimba, ukuthwala ubungozi kanye nokwenza izinqumo — hhayi ukuklama noma ukwakha, okuyizindima zomklami wezakhiwo nomqashwa. Elona lungelo lomthuthukisi ukwahlulela okuhle: ukwazi ukuthi yiziphi izivumelwano ezisebenzayo, iziphi izindawo okufanele zigwenywe, nokuthi ungayigcina kanjani iphrojekthi ihamba iya enzuzweni. Iningi lalelikhono liwelemali nokuhlela kunokuthi libe ngelobuchwepheshe, okuyizindaba ezinhle kwabasha abangaveli endaweni yezokwakha, kodwa okuyizindaba ezimbi kunoma ubani othemba ukugwema izibalo.

Yakha amakhono ayisisekelo

Amakhono ambalwa ayisisekelo sakho konke okwenziwa umthuthukisi, futhi angafundwa ngamabomu.

Elokuqala yikwazi ukuhlola ukuthi kungasebenza yini — ikhono lokubheka isayithi nohlelo bese uzwa ukuthi ingase izuze imali yini, kufaka phakathi inani lomhlaba elisele, izindleko, imali engenayo kanye nokugeleza kwemali. Leli yilona khono elibaluleke kakhulu lomthuthukisi, ngoba zonke ezinye izinqumo ziphuma kulo. Elesibili ukuqonda inqubo yokuthuthukisa — umhlaba, ukugunyazwa, ukuklama, ukuxhaswa ngezimali, ukwakha, ukudayisa — ukuze wazi ukulandelana kanye nokuthi ubungozi bukuphi. Elesithathu ukwazi ngokwezimali: ukuthi ukuxhaswa kwezimali kokuthuthukisa kusebenza kanjani, indlela abakweletisayo abacabanga ngayo, indlela ukugeleza kwemali okunquma ngayo ukukwazi ukukhokha izikweletu. Elesine ukuhlela — ikhono elithambile lokugcina ithimba lochwepheshe, okungekho namunye kubo obika kuwe, likhomba icala elilodwa. Awudingi ukuba yingcweti yezokwakha, kodwa udinga ukuba yingcweti kulawa makhono.

Yenza isivumelwano esincane sokuqala

Iseluleko esinamandla kunazo zonke kumthuthukisi omusha ukuqala usencane ngokwanele ukuze iphutha libe yisifundo, hhayi inhlekelele. Isivumelwano esincane sokuqala — ukuhlukaniswa komhlaba, ukwakhiwa okuncane kwentengo, ukulungisa nokudayisa — kukuvumela ukuba uzwe umjikelezo wonke, kusukela ekuhloleni ukuthi kungasebenza yini kuya ekugunyazweni kuze kufike ekudayiseni, kuzinga lapho okulahleka khona kungasindwa. Uzokwenza amaphutha; wonke umuntu uyawenza. Injongo yesivumelwano esincane sokuqala ukuwenza abiza kancane nokufunda inqubo lapho okulahleka khona kunemingcele.

Zibambe ungalingwa ukuqala ngohlelo olunobungako olukujabulisayo. Abathuthukisi abaqhubekayo isikhathi eside ngokuvamile yilabo abadlule ekufundeni ngamasivumelwano amancane ngaphambi kokukhulisa isilinganiso sabo, bakhe ikhono kanye nomlando okuvula ukuxhaswa ngezimali kamuva.

Hlanganisa ithimba lakho

Akekho umthuthukisi osebenza yedwa. Ngisho nakusivumelwano esincane, uzoncika kochwepheshe — okungenani ummeli wokudlulisela izakhiwo, futhi kuye ngohlelo, umklami wezakhiwo, isilinganisi sezindleko, umhleli wamadolobha, onjiniyela nomqashwa. Ingxenye yokuba umthuthukisi ukwakha ubudlelwane nochwepheshe abahle kanye nokufunda ukubahlela. Ithimba eliqinile likwazi ukuvala isikhala sokungabi nolwazi komuntu omusha; elibuthaka noma elingahleliwe kahle likhulisa lokho. Phatha ubudlelwane njengobezikhathi ezide, ngoba ochwepheshe abakwaziyo futhi abakuthembayo baba nosizo olukhulu kuzo zonke izivumelwano ezilandelayo.

Yakha umlando bese uthola ukuxhaswa ngezimali

Izivumelwano zakho zokuqala, uma zenziwa kahle, ziba umlando ovula konke okulandelayo. Ukuxhaswa ngezimali kulula kakhulu ukukutholakala uma usukwazi ukukhomba amaphrojekthi asephothuliwe, futhi ochwepheshe abangcono kanye namathuba kuya kubathuthukisi abanodumo lokuletha imiphumela. Lena yindalo yokukhula okugeleza yomsebenzi wokuthuthukisa: iphrojekthi ngayinye ephumelele yenza elandelayo lube lula ukuxhaswa, ukuqashwa kwabasebenzi nokuqhutshwa. Inselele yomuntu omusha ukuqedela okokuqala noma okubili, ngokuvamile ngokuxhaswa ngemali yakhe siqu enkulu kanye nokuboleka okuncane kunalokho angathanda ukukwenza, ngoba nje engakabi namlando okwanele.

Funda ukufunda isivumelwano

Ikhono elehlukanisa kakhulu abathuthukisi abaqhubekayo isikhathi eside kulabo abalahlekelwa yimali yikhono lokufunda isivumelwano — ukubheka isayithi nohlelo bese uzwa ngokushesha ukuthi kufanele yini ukuliphishekela. Lokhu kuyingxenye yokuhlolwa kokusebenza esekushiwo, kodwa futhi kuwukwahlulela okusuka olwazini lwemakethe nasekubonweni kwephethini, futhi kungathuthukiswa ngamabomu.

Ukufunda isivumelwano kahle kusho ukwazi imakethe yakho — ukuthi yini edayisayo, kubani, ngamanani ambe, nangokushesha okunganani — ezindaweni ezithile lapho usebenza khona. Kusho ukubona izimpawu ezibovu eziphindaphindayo kumasivumelwano amabi: intengo esebenza kuphela ngemibono ethembekile kakhulu, isayithi enezinkinga ezifihlekile zezinsiza noma zokugunyazwa, uhlelo lapho izindleko zenziwa zibonakale zincane ukuze izibalo zihambisane, izinga lokudayisa imakethe engeke lisho ngempela. Futhi kusho ukubona nezimpawu eziluhlaza: isayithi esisendaweni enhle ngentengo evunywa yinani elisele, isidingo esicacile, umkhondo wokugunyazwa okuphathekayo, uhlelo olusinda ingcindezi.

Abathuthukisi abasha bakha lokhu kwahlulela ngokubheka amasivumelwano amaningi, benza izilinganiso ezisheshayo kuwo, futhi — okubaluleke kakhulu — balandelele ukubona ukuthi lawo abawadlulisile noma abawaphishekele enza kanjani ngempela. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, ukubona kwephethini kuya kuqonda, futhi umthuthukisi angazwa ngemizuzu lokho okwakuthatha isilinganiso esigcwele ukukubonisa. Umgomo okuvikelayo ngenkathi wakha lokhu kwahlulela ukungavumeli ukuzwa ngaphakathi kudlule izibalo: isivumelwano esizwakala silungile kodwa esehluleka ekuhlolweni okucindezelekile yisivumelwano okufanele usishiye, noma singathakazelisa kangakanani. Ukuzwa ngaphakathi kukutshela ukuthi yimaphi amasivumelwano okufanele uwahlaziye; ukuhlaziywa kukutshela ukuthi yimaphi okufanele uwenze.

Beka izinhlelo endaweni kusenesikhathi

Abathuthukisi abakhula ngokushelelezayo ngokuvamile yilabo ababeka izinhlelo ezifanele endaweni ngaphambi kokuthi bazidinge ngokuqinile. Ukusebenzisa isipredishithi esivumelwaneni sokuqala kungase kulunge; ukusebenzisa izipredishithi ezivumelwaneni eziningi ngesikhathi esisodwa yindlela izinto eziwela ngayo phakathi kwezikhala. Ukusebenzisa isofthiwe yokuthuthukisa kusenesikhathi kusho ukuthi njengoba ukhula, imodeli yakho yokusebenza ikhula kanye nawe kunokuthi iwe ngaphansi kobunkimbinkimbi bayo. I-Wakha yakhelwe abathuthukisi bezindlu zokuhlala eNingizimu Afrika futhi ibamba iphrojekthi njengerekhodi elilodwa — uhlelo, isabelomali se-ZAR nokugeleza kwemali, idayari yesayithi, ukuthobela imithetho ye-NHBRC ne-B-BBEE, izitifiketi zokukhokha kanye nesango labathengi — ukuze imikhuba nezinhlelo ozakhile esivumelwaneni sakho sokuqala ziqhubekele nakwesamashumi.

Uma uqala futhi ufuna ukwakha izinhlelo ezinhle kusukela esivumelwaneni sokuqala, bona ukuthi i-Wakha isekela kanjani umthuthukisi kusukela kuphrojekthi eyodwa kuya kuqoqo lwamaphrojekthi: hlola i-Wakha.

Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa

Ngidinga isitifiketi ukuba ngumthuthukisi wezakhiwo eNingizimu Afrika?

Asikho isitifiketi esisodwa esiphoqelekile ukuba ngumthuthukisi wezakhiwo — kuyindima yebhizinisi kunokuthi kube umsebenzi olawulwayo njengokuba ngumklami wezakhiwo noma ummeli wokudlulisela izakhiwo. Okubaluleke kakhulu iseti yamakhono: ukuhlola ukusebenza, ukuqonda inqubo yokuthuthukisa, ukwazi ngokwezimali kanye nokuhlela. Abathuthukisi abaningi abaphumelelayo baphuma ezindaweni zezimali, ezokwakha, ezomthetho noma ezebhizinisi, kodwa okuvamile phakathi kwabo ukwahlulela, hhayi iziqu ezithile.

Ngidinga imali engakanani ukuze ngiqale?

Kuncike ngokuphelele kusayizi wesivumelwano sokuqala, okungenye yezizathu zokuthi ukuqala usencane kuwukuhlakanipha. Ukuhlukaniswa komhlaba okuncane noma ukwakhiwa kwentengo kudinga imali encane kakhulu kunohlelo olunezindlu eziningi, futhi kuvumela umuntu omusha ukungena ngokulahleka okusindwa. Abathuthukisi abasha ngokuvamile basebenzisa okuningi kwemali yabo siqu futhi kancane ukuboleka ezivumelwaneni zokuqala, ngoba ukuxhaswa kunzima ukukutholakala ngaphandle komlando. Impendulo eqotho ukuthi udinga okwanele ukuxhasa isivumelwano sokuqala ongakwazi ukubhekana nokulahlekelwa yikho ngenkathi ufunda.

Yiliphi iphrojekthi engcono yokuqala kumthuthukisi omusha?

Okuthile okuncane ngokwanele ukuze iphutha libe yisifundo kunokuthi kube yinhlekelele — ukuhlukaniswa komhlaba, ukwakhiwa okuncane kwentengo, noma ukulungisa nokudayisa. Injongo ukuzwa umjikelezo wonke, kusukela ekuhloleni ukusebenza kuya ekugunyazweni kuze kufike ekudayiseni, kuzinga elingasindwa. Ukuqala ngohlelo olunobungako yindlela abaningi abasha abalahlekelwa yimali ngayo ngaphambi kokuba bafunde inqubo.

Yimaphi amakhono adingekayo kumthuthukisi wezakhiwo?

Amakhono amane ayisisekelo: ukuhlolwa kokusebenza (ukuthola ukuthi isivumelwano sizuza imali yini), ukuqonda inqubo yokuthuthukisa nokuthi ubungozi bayo bukuphi, ukwazi ngokwezimali (indlela ukuxhaswa nokugeleza kwemali okusebenza ngayo), kanye nokuhlela (ukugcina ithimba lochwepheshe lihambisana). Awudingi ukuba yingcweti yezokwakha noma yokuklama, okuyizindima zomqashwa nomklami wezakhiwo, kodwa udinga lawa mane, futhi ukuhlolwa kokusebenza ngaphezu kwakho konke.

Ngiwuthola kanjani ukuxhaswa ngezimali njengomthuthukisi omusha?

Ekuqaleni, ngobunzima, ngoba abakweletisayo balinganisa umlando nemali yakho siqu kakhulu, futhi umuntu omusha akanalo lokho. Yingakho izivumelwano zokuqala zivame ukusebenzisa okuningi kwemali yomthuthukisi siqu. Njengoba uqedela amaphrojekthi, umlando owakhayo wenza kube lula kancane kancane ukuthola ukuxhaswa ngemibandela emihle. Ukubonisa ukuthi ungakwazi ukulawula futhi ubike ngephrojekthi ngokwethembekile kuqinisa nesimo kubakweletisayo.

Kuthatha isikhathi esingakanani ukuba umthuthukisi ophumelelayo?

Asikho isikhathi esimisiwe, kodwa ukuthuthukisa ungumsebenzi okhulayo ngokugeleza: iphrojekthi ngayinye ephumelele yenza elandelayo lube lula ukuxhaswa, ukuqashwa kwabasebenzi nokuqhutshwa. Iningi labathuthukisi abaqhubekayo isikhathi eside badlula ekufundeni ngamasivumelwano amancane ngaphambi kokukhulisa isilinganiso sabo, bakha ikhono nodumo emaphrojekthini amaningi neminyakeni eminingi. Abasha abazama ukweqa lokho kufunda ngohlelo olunobungako lokuqala yibo abangenza cishe bawe.

Imibhalo Ehlobene: