Ukuthobela i-POPIA Ezikoleni: Lokho Umphathi Wonke Afanele Akwazi
Izikole zaseNingizimu Afrika zigcina inani elikhulu ledatha yabafundi nabazali—izinombolo ze-ID, imininingwane yezokwelapha, amarekhodi ezifundo, ulwazi lweemali—kodwa abaphathi abaningi nama-SGB abaqinisekile ukuthi i-POPIA ifuna ini noma bangagwema kanjani izinhlawulo ezingafika ku-R10 million. Umthetho Wokuvikela Ulwazi Lomuntu Siqu (POPIA) usebenza ngokugcwele kusukela mhla ziyi-1 kuJulayi 2021, futhi i-Information Regulator ingasebenzisa izinhlawulo eziqinile ngokungathobeli. Ukuthobela i-POPIA ezikoleni ngendlela efanele kuvikela umphakathi wakho nesikole sakho.
Le ndluza ichaza ukuthi yini okubandakanya ulwazi lomuntu siqu endaweni yesikole, izimo eziyisishiyagalombili zokucubungula ngokomthetho, izidingo zemvume, imithetho yokugcina nokulondoloza idatha, izicelo zokufinyelela nokuazisa ngokephulwa, nokuthi ungakhetha kanjani isoftware yesikole ethobelayo i-POPIA. Noma wakha uhlaka lwe-POPIA lwesikole sakho noma ubuyekeza izinqubomgomo ezikhona, izigaba ezilandelayo zinikeza izinyathelo eziqondile ezihambisana nemihlahlandlela ye-Information Regulator.
Yini i-POPIA Nokuthi Kubaluleke Kanjani Ezikoleni
Umthetho Wokuvikela Ulwazi Lomuntu Siqu (Umthetho 4 we-2013) ngumthetho oyinhloko wokuvikela idatha eNingizimu Afrika, oklanyelwe ukuvikela ulwazi lomuntu siqu lwabantu kuyilapho kuvumela ukucubungula idatha ngokuziphatha. I-POPIA isebenza kuzo zonke izinhlangano—kuhlanganise nezikole—ezicubungula ulwazi lomuntu siqu, isungula izimo eziyisishiyagalombili zokucubungula ngokomthetho futhi inikeza abantu amalungelo ngodatha yabo yomuntu siqu.
Kungani i-POPIA ibalulekile ezikoleni:
Izikole zicubungula inani elikhulu lolwazi lomuntu siqu nsuku zonke: amagama abafundi, amakheli, izinombolo ze-ID, ulwazi lwezokwelapha, amarekhodi ezifundo, imininingwane yokuthintana nabazali, ulwazi lwezimali, nokunye. Ngaphansi kwe-POPIA, izikole ziyizinkampani “ezibhekene nokuziphatha” ezinemibopho yomthetho yokuvikela lolu lwazi. Ukungathobeli kungaholela ekutheni:
- Izinhlawulo zokuphatha: Kuze kufike ku-R10 million noma ukuboshwa kuze kube yiminyaka eyi-10
- Ukonakala kwegama: Ukulahlekelwa yithemba labazali nomphakathi
- Isibopho somthetho: Izimangalo zomphakathi zezimali eziyicala kubacubungulwayo bedatha
- Isenzo sokulawula: Ukuphoqwa yi-Information Regulator
- Ukuphazamiseka kokusebenza: Izinyathelo zokulungisa nokuthobela eziyisidingo
Izimo eziyisishiyagalombili ze-POPIA zokucubungula ngokomthetho:
| Isimo | Kusho ukuthini ezikoleni |
|---|---|
| Ukuziphendulela | Qinisekela ukuthobela i-POPIA; qoka i-Information Officer bese ubhalisa ne-Information Regulator. |
| Umkhawulo wokucubungula | Qoqa futhi ucubungule kuphela ulwazi lomuntu siqu oludingekayo ngenhloso ethile. |
| Incazelo yenhloso | Qoqa ngezinhloso eziqondile, ezigunyaziwe futhi wazise abacubungulwayo bedatha ukuthi uqoqa ini nokuthi ngani. |
| Umkhawulo wokucubungula okuqhubekayo | Sebenzisa ulwazi kuphela ngenhloso yasekuqaleni noma izinhloso ezihambisanayo; ngaphandle kwalokho thola imvume noma incike emthethweni. |
| Ikhwalithi yolwazi | Gcina ulwazi lunembile, luphelele futhi luvuselelwe; vumela ukulungiswa. |
| Ukuvuleleka | Yiba sobala ngendlela ocubungula ngayo idatha; nikeza izaziso bese uphendula izicelo zokufinyelela. |
| Ukuvikelwa kwezokuphepha | Sebenzisa izinyathelo zobuchwepheshe nezenhlangano ukuvikela idatha ekulahlekelweni, ekufinyelelweni ngokungemukelekile noma ekushintshweni. |
| Ukubamba iqhaza kwesubjekthi yedatha | Vumela abantu ukuthi bafinyelele, balungise futhi, lapho kusemthethweni, basuse ulwazi lwabo lomuntu siqu. |
Ukuqonda lezi zimo kuyisisekelo sokuthobela i-POPIA ezikoleni.
Yini Okubandakanya Ulwazi Lomuntu Siqu Ezikoleni?
I-POPIA ichaza “ulwazi lomuntu siqu” ngokubanzi njenganoma yiluphi ulwazi oluphathelene nomuntu ophilayo, ophathekayo noma inhlangano ephathekayo. Endaweni yesikole, lokhu kuhlanganisa uhlu olubanzi lwedatha mayelana nabafundi, abazali, abagadeli, abasebenzi, nabanye abantu.
Ulwazi Lomuntu Siqu Lwemfundi
Izikole ziqoqa ulwazi oluningi lomuntu siqu mayelana nabafundi: amagama aphelele namagama amakhaya, izinombolo zobunikazi (izinombolo ze-ID noma izinombolo zepasipoti), usuku lokuzalwa, ubulili, uhlanga (uma kuqoqwa ngezinhoso zokubika), isizwe, ulimi lasekhaya. Ulwazi lokuthintana: ikheli lokuhlala, ikheli leposi, amakheli e-imeyili, izinombolo zocingo, imininingwane yokuthintana nomzali/umgadeli. Ulwazi lwezifundo: izinombolo zabafundi (izinombolo ze-LURITS), izinsuku zokungena, ukuhlelwa kwegrethi nekilasi, amarekhodi ezifundo, amarekhodi okuba khona, amarekhodi okuziphatha. Ulwazi lwezokwelapha nempilo: izimo zezokwelapha, ukungezwani, izidingo zezidakamizwa, ulwazi lokuthintana nodokotela, amarekhodi okugonywa, ulwazi lokukhubazeka. Ulwazi lwezimali: amarekhodi okukhokha imali yesikole, isimo sokukhululwa emalini, izindlela zokukhokha nemininingwane yebhange. Ulwazi lwe-biometric: izimpawu zezandla (uma zisetshenziselwa ukulawula ukufinyelela noma ukuba khona), izithombe (zamakhadi e-ID, amarekhodi esikole).
Ulwazi olukhethekile lomuntu siqu: I-POPIA inikeza ukuvikelwa okwengeziwe “kolwazi olukhethekile lomuntu siqu,” kuhlanganise: ulwazi mayelana nezingane (abafundi abangaphansi kweminyaka eyi-18), ulwazi lwezempilo, ulwazi lwe-biometric. Ukucubungula ulwazi olukhethekile kudinga izinyathelo zokuthobela eziqinile futhi, kwezinye izimo, imvume ecacile.
Ulwazi Lomzali Nomgadeli
Izikole nazo zicubungula ulwazi lomuntu siqu mayelana nabazali nabagadeli: amagama aphelele nezinombolo ze-ID, imininingwane yokuthintana, ulwazi lomsebenzi (uma lufanele ekukhululweni emalini), ulwazi lwezimali, ubudlelwano nomfundi.
Ulwazi Wabasebenzi
Nakuba le ndluza igxile kudatha yabafundi nabazali, izikole nazo zicubungula ulwazi lomuntu siqu wabasebenzi (ngaphansi kwe-POPIA nomthetho wokuqashwa). Umqondo oyinhloko: Uma ulwazi lungakhomba umuntu othile, ngulwazi lomuntu siqu ngaphansi kwe-POPIA futhi kufanele luvikelwe ngokufanele.
Ukucubungula Ngokomthetho Nemvume Ezikoleni
I-POPIA isungula izimo eziyisishiyagalombili izikole okufanele zihlangabezane nazo ukuze zicubungule ulwazi lomuntu siqu ngokomthetho.
Ukuziphendulela nomkhawulo wokucubungula
Izikole kufanele zithathe umthwalo wokuthobela i-POPIA. Lokhu kudinga: ukuqoka i-Information Officer, ukuthuthukisa izinqubomgomo, ukuqeqesha abasebenzi, ukuhlola okujwayelekile, ukudokumenta. Izinyathelo eziqondile: Qoka i-Information Officer bese ubhalisa ne-Information Regulator, thuthukisa indokumenti yenqubomgomo yokuthobela i-POPIA, qeqesha bonke abasebenzi ngezidingo ze-POPIA minyaka yonke, yenza ukuhlola kokuthobela minyaka yonke, gcina irejista yemisebenzi yokucubungula idatha.
Isimo 2: Umkhawulo Wokucubungula
Izikole zingacubungula kuphela ulwazi lomuntu siqu oludingekayo ngenhloso ethile. Izinyathelo eziqondile: Buyekeza wonke amafomu nezinhlobo zokuqoqa idatha, susa amasimu angadingeki, dokumenta inhloso yengxenye ngayinye yolwazi oluqoqwayo, hlola njalo imikhuba yokuqoqa idatha.
Isimo 3: Incazelo Yenhloso
Izikole kufanele zazise abacubungulwayo bedatha (abafundi nabazali) ngokuthi ulwazi oluqoqwayo luyini, kungani luqoqwa, ngubani ozofinyelela kulo, luzosetshenziswa kanjani. Izinyathelo eziqondile: Faka izaziso ze-POPIA kuzo zonke amafomu, bonisa izaziso zobumfihlo kuwebhusayithi yesikole, nikeza izaziso zolwazi phakathi nemihlangano yabazali, qinisekela ukuthi izaziso zikulimini abazali abaluqondayo.
Isimo 4–8: Ukuqhubekayo, Ikhwalithi, Ukuvuleleka, Ukuphepha, Ukubamba Iqhaza
Isimo 4: Sebenzisa ulwazi kuphela ngenhloso ebeiqoqwa ngayo; thola imvume uma kudingeka. Isimo 5: Gcina ulwazi lunembile, luphelele, lungashintshi. Isimo 6: Yiba sobala, nikeza izaziso, phendula izicelo zokufinyelela. Isimo 7: Sebenzisa ukubethela, ukulawula ukufinyelela, ukuqeqesha abasebenzi, uhlelo lokuphendula ukephulwa. Isimo 8: Vumela ukufinyelela, ukulungisa, ukususa, ukumelana ngokomthetho.
Izidingo Zemvume
Imvume idingeka lapho: kucubungulwa ulwazi olukhethekile ngezinhloso ezingaphezu kwemfundo; kusetshenziswa ulwazi ekukhangiseni; kwabelanwa nabathathu ngabathathu. Imvume ayidingeki lapho: ukucubungula kudingekile ngesivumelwano, umthetho, ukuphepha komfundi, nenzuzo yomphakathi. Kubalulekile: Abafundi abangaphansi kweminyaka eyi-18, imvume kufanele itholakale kubazali noma abagadeli. Imvume esemthethweni kufanele ibe ngokuzithandela, ithile, eneqondene, ecacile, ekhanselwayo.
Ukugcina Idatha, Ukulondoloza Nokuazisa Ngokephulwa
Izikole kufanele zigcine ulwazi ngokuphepha futhi zilondoloze kuphela isikhathi esidingekayo. Ukugcina: Bethela idatha ebuso, sicina amarekhodi angokomzimba, khetha abahlinzeki abathobelayo i-POPIA. Izinkathi zokulondoloza: Amarekhodi ezifundo—unomphela; amafomu okungena—isikhathi sokubhalisa plus iminyaka emi-5; amarekhodi okuba khona—iminyaka emi-5 ngemva kokuhamba; amarekhodi ezokwelapha—isikhathi sokubhalisa plus iminyaka eyi-7; amarekhodi okukhokha—iminyaka emi-5; izitatimende zezimali—unomphela (i-SASA). Ukubhubhisa: Susa unomphela idatha yedijithali, shred amarekhodi angokomzimba, dokumenta konke.
Izicelo Zokufinyelela Namalungelo
Abacubungulwayo bedatha banamalungelo okufinyelela, ukulungisa, nokususa ulwazi lwabo. Ilungelo lokufinyelela: Acknowledge phakathi kwezinsuku ezi-5, qinisekisa ubunikazi, nikeza ulwazi phakathi kwezinsuku ezingama-30. Ilungelo lokulungisa: Qinisekisa ukulungiswa, vuselela kuzo zonke izinhlelo, azisa abathathu ngabathathu. Ilungelo lokususa: Hlola izidingo zokulondoloza, yenza isinqumo, uma kugunyaziwe susa ngokuphepha.
Ukuazisa Ngokephulwa Kwedatha
Ukephulwa kwedatha: ulwazi lulahlekile, lushintshwe ngokungemukelekile, ludalulwe ngokungemukelekile. Izidingo: Azisa i-Information Regulator phakathi namahora angama-72, azisa abacubungulwayo bedatha abathintekayo ngaphandle kokulibaziseka. Uhlelo lokuphendula: Vala ukephulwa, hlola, azisa, phenya, lungisa, buyekeza.
Ukukhetha Isoftware Ethobelayo i-POPIA
Khetha isoftware enobethelo, ukulawula ukufinyelela, amarekhodi okucwaninga, amandla okukhipha nokulungisa nokususa idatha. Buza abahlinzeki: Idatha ibethelwe yini? Igcinwa kuphi? Une-Data Processing Agreement? Ungasuswa idatha lapho kuceliwe? Ama-DPA kufanele achaze inhloso, izinyathelo zokuphepha, indawo yedatha, ukwabelana nabathathu ngabathathu, amalungelo esubjekthi yedatha, ukuazisa ngokephulwa, ukususa idatha.
Ukuze uthole okuningi ngokuphatha nokuthobela, bheka indluza yethu yokuphatha kwezimali kwe-SGB kanye indluza yenombolo ye-LURITS.
Uhlu Lokuhlola Ukuthobela i-POPIA
Governance: I-Information Officer iqokiwe, inqubomgomo ithuthukisiwe, abasebenzi baqeqeshwe, ukuhlola kwenziwa, irejista igcinwa. Ukuqoqa: Amafomu ahlanganisa izaziso ze-POPIA, kuphela ulwazi oludingekayo luqoqwa, imvume itholakala lapho kudingeka. Ukugcina nokuphepha: Idatha ibethelwe, ukulawula ukufinyelela kusetshenzisiwe, amabhekuphi enziwa, uhlelo lokuphendula ukephulwa luthuthukisiwe. Ukulondoloza nokubhubhisa: Inqubomgomo ithuthukisiwe, izinkathi zidokumentiwe, ukubhubhisa kwenziwa ngokuphepha. Amalungelo: Izinqubo zokufinyelela, zokulungisa, zokususa zithuthukisiwe, izicelo ziphendulwa phakathi kwezikhathi ze-POPIA. Ukwabelana nabathathu ngabathathu: Kudokumentiwe, ama-DPA akhona, imvume itholakala lapho kudingeka. Ukuazisa ngokephulwa: Uhlelo lokuphendula luthuthukisiwe, iqembu liqokiwe, abasebenzi baqeqeshwe. Ukudokumenta: Inqubomgomo yobumfihlo ishicilelwe, izaziso zinikezwa, zonke izinqubomgomo zidokumentiwe. Isoftware: Ihlolwe ngokuthobela i-POPIA, ama-DPA akhona, izici zokuphepha zivulelwe.
Scoring: 0–10—izikhala ezibalulekile; 11–20—izikhala eziphambili; 21–30—ukuthobela okuhle; 31+—ukuthobela okuqinile.
Imikhuba Emihle
Phatha ukuthobela i-POPIA njengomthwalo oyinhloko. Nikeza ukuqeqeshwa kwaminyaka yonke, gcina amarekhodi, yenza ukuhlola kwaminyaka yonke, khetha isoftware ethobelayo i-POPIA, phendula ngokusheshayo izicelo zesubjekthi yedatha. Buzela abeluleki bezomthetho noma abeluleki be-POPIA imibuzo eyinkimbinkimbi.
Ukuthobela i-POPIA ezikoleni kuyisidingo somthetho. Abaphathi nama-SGB kufanele baqiniseke ukuthi isikole sicubungula ulwazi ngokomthetho nangokuphepha. Ukuze ithole ipulatifomu eyodwa esiza izikole zaseNingizimu Afrika ukuthobela i-DBE nokuphatha idatha yabafundi ngokuphepha, bheka Fundisa.
Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa
Izikole zidinga ukubhalisa ne-Information Regulator?
Yebo. Izikole kufanele ziqoke i-Information Officer (ngokuvamile umphathi) futhi zibhalise ne-Information Regulator. Ukubhalisa kwamahhala, kungenziwa ku-inthanethi.
Izikole zingabelana ngolwazi lomfundi?
Izikole zingabelana ngolwazi ezimweni ezithile: kudingwa umthetho (iminyango, ama-SAPS); ngemvume; ngezinhloso ezisemthethweni (ukuphepha komfundi, imfundo). Kufanele kudokumentiwe, futhi ama-DPA kufanele abe khona nabathathu ngabathathu.
Kwenzekani uma isikole sibona ukephulwa kwedatha?
Vala ukephulwa ngokusheshayo, hlola, azisa i-Information Regulator phakathi namahora angama-72, azisa abacubungulwayo bedatha abathintekayo, phenya, lungisa, buyekeza izinyathelo zokuphepha. Izikole kufanele zibe nohlelo lokuphendula ukephulwa.
Izikole kufanele zilondoloze amarekhodi isikhathi esingakanani?
Amarekhodi ezifundo—unomphela; amafomu okungena—isikhathi sokubhalisa plus iminyaka emi-5; amarekhodi okuba khona—iminyaka emi-5 ngemva kokuhamba; amarekhodi ezokwelapha—isikhathi sokubhalisa plus iminyaka eyi-7. Izidingo zingahluka ngwesifundazwe. Izikole kufanele zibhubhise amarekhodi lapho izinkathi ziyaphela.
Abazali bangacela ukususwa kwamarekhodi ezifundo zengane yabo?
Ngokuvamile cha. Amarekhodi ezifundo kufanele alondolozwe unomphela njengoba kudingwa iminyango ne-SASA. Abazali bangacela ukususwa kwezinye izinhlobo zolwazi (izithombe, imininingwane yokuthintana ngemva kokuhamba) ngaphansi kwezidingo zokulondoloza. Izikole kufanele zichaze izidingo kubazali.
Ibhalwe ngu
Fundisa Team