Izimfuneko Zokulungiswa Ze-MHSA: Umhlahlandlela Wezimayini ZaseNingizimu Afrika

Abaphathi bokulungisa ezimayini zaseNingizimu Afrika baphethe umthwalo ophindwe kabili: ukugcina impahla isebenza kanti futhi baqinisekise ukuthi konke ukuhlolwa, isevisi, kanye namarekhodi kuyahambisana noMthetho Wezempilo Nokuphepha Ezimayini. Uma kwephuzwa usuku olusemthethweni noma kulahleka isitifiketi, imiphumela iyeqa kakhulu ukungasebenzi kwemishini. Ukuqonda izimfuneko zokulungiswa ze-MHSA akuyona inketho; kuyisisekelo sokusebenza ngokusemthethweni nangokuphepha.

Lo mhlahlandlela uchaza lokho okudingwa uMthetho we-MHSA nemithethonqubo yawo kubaqashi mayelana nempahla, imishini, ukulungela ukusindisa, kanye nokugcinwa kwamarekhodi. Ubhalelwe abasebenzi bokulungisa nabezokuphepha emisebenzini yegolide eGauteng, ezimayini ze-platinum eLimpopo naseNyakatho Ntshonalanga, emisebenzini yamalahle eMpumalanga, nakwezinye izigaba zamaminerali. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi uqinisa izinqubo ezikhona noma wakha ukuhambisana kusukela ekuqaleni, izigaba ezilandelayo zikunika isikhombo esicacile kanye nendlela eya ekulungiseni okulungele ukuhlolwa.

I-MHSA Kanye Nezibopho Zabaqashi Ngempahla Nemishini

UMthetho Wezempilo Nokuphepha Ezimayini (i-MHSA) (uMthetho 29 ka-1996), njengoba uchibiyelwe, ungumthetho oyinhloko olawula ezempilo nokuphepha ezimayini eNingizimu Afrika. Usebenza kuzo zonke izimayini nemisebenzi njengoba kuchaziwe kulo Mthetho, kuhlanganise nemisebenzi engaphansi komhlaba nengaphezulu komhlaba, futhi ubeka izibopho ezibanzi kubaqashi, abasebenzi, nakwabanye abaphathe izibopho. Lo Mthetho usekelwa yimithethonqubo echaza izimfuneko ngokuningiliziwe: imishini nempahla, izinto eziqhumayo, ukumoshiswa komoya, ukulungela izimo eziphuthumayo kanye nokusindisa, kanye nokulungiswa kwezinhlelo ezithinta ezempilo nokuphepha. Kumaqembu okulungisa, izindawo ezibalulekile kakhulu yilezo eziphoqa ukulungiswa okusemthethweni, umsebenzi okumele wenziwe ngezikhathi ezichaziwe noma ngezinga elichaziwe, kunobufakazi obugcinelwe ukuhlolwa.

Ukuhambisana kuqinisekiswa uMnyango Wezokwabiwa Kwemithombo Namandla (i-DMRE), owawuqala waziwa ngoMnyango Wezokwabiwa Kwemithombo (i-DMR). Abahloli bangavakashela noma nini, bacele amarekhodi, futhi bahlole impahla. Ukungahambisani nomthetho kungaholela ezaziso zokuthuthukisa, izinhlawulo, futhi ezimweni ezinzima ekushushiswa. Lo Mthetho awehlukanisi phakathi “kokulungiswa okuphathelene nokuphepha” “nokulungiswa okuphathelene nokukhiqiza”; uma kubalulekile ekuphepheni noma kudingwa ngokomthetho, kumele kuhlelwe, kwenziwe, futhi kubhalwe phansi.

Lo Mthetho futhi umisa uhlaka lwezinhlangothi ezintathu oluhlanganisa umqashi, umbuso (i-DMRE), kanye nezinyunyana zabasebenzi. Amakomiti nabameleli bezempilo nokuphepha banelungelo lokufinyelela olwazini nokubamba iqhaza ekuhloleni ubungozi nasekubuyekezeni ukuhambisana. Ukugcina izimfuneko zokulungiswa ze-MHSA zibonakala futhi zisesikhathini kuyingxenye yomthwalo wokunakekela kanye nesiko lokuphepha elisebenzisana elibhekiswe uMthetho.

Ngaphansi kwe-MHSA, umqashi (umnikazi wemayini noma umbambi welungelo lokumba) unomthwalo ojwayelekile wokuqinisekisa ukuthi imayini yakhelwe, yakhiwe, futhi isetshenziswa ngendlela eqinisekisa ukuthi abasebenzi abafakwa engozini engadingekile. Lo mthwalo weqa ngokuqondile kumishini nasempahleni. Abaqashi kumele baqinisekise ukuthi:

• Yonke imishini nempahla esetshenziswa emayini ilungele injongo futhi igcinwe isimeni sokusebenza esiphephile.
• Imishini nempahla kuhlolwa, kuvivinywa, futhi kulungiswa ngokuvumelana nemibandela yomkhiqizi noma izinga elilinganayo, futhi ngokuhambisana nazo zonke izimfuneko zemithethonqubo.
• Iziphene ezingaphazamisa ezempilo noma ukuphepha ziyahlonzwa futhi zilungiswe ngaphambi kokuthi impahla isetshenziswe, noma impahla ikhishwe ekusebenzeni kuze kube ilungisiwe.
• Kuphela abantu abanekhono elifanele abenza ukulungisa, ukukhanda, nokuhlola lapho umsebenzi ungathinta ukuphepha.

Ukuthi “kugcinwe isimeni sokusebenza esiphephile” kusho ukuthini ngokwenzeka ngokuvamile kuyachazwa emithethonqubo naseminqubweni yokusebenza eqondene nemayini ethile. Imishini yokuphuthumisa (winding), izinhlelo zamabhande okuthutha (conveyor), amafeni okumoshisa umoya, kanye nokufakwa kukagesi ngokuvamile kunezikhathi ezichaziwe zokuhlola nokuvivinya. Abaqashi akufanele nje benze umsebenzi kodwa futhi bagcine amarekhodi akhombisa ukuthi wenziwe, ngubani, futhi nini. Ukuze uthole eminye imithwalo yokulungisa ebanzi ngaphansi komthetho waseNingizimu Afrika, bheka izimfuneko zokulungiswa ze-OHS Act kubaqashi.

Izimfuneko Zokulungiswa Okusemthethweni Ngaphansi Kwe-MHSA

Ukulungiswa okusemthethweni ngaphansi kwe-MHSA nemithethonqubo yayo kuwukulungiswa okudingwa ngumthetho ngesikhathi esimisiwe noma ngezinga elimisiwe. Akunakuxoxwana ngakho. Izindawo ezivamile zihlanganisa:

Indawo	Igxile kuyini ngokuvamile
Izinhlelo zokuphuthumisa nezintambo	Ukuhlolwa nokuvivinywa kwezintambo zokuphuthumisa, impahla yokuthutha, kanye nezinhlelo zamabhuleki
Impahla yomfutho kanye namabhoyila	Ukuhlolwa nokunikezwa izitifiketi yizinhlangano ezigunyaziwe ngezikhathi ezichaziwe
Ukufakwa kukagesi	Ukumbela (earthing), ukuvikela, kanye nokuvivinya izindawo ezinobungozi ngokwezinga likagesi lasezimayini
Izinhlelo zokumoshisa umoya	Amafeni, iminyango, namalungiselelo okugcina ukugeleza komoya okwanele nokulawulwa kwegesi ngaphansi komhlaba
Impahla yokucima umlilo neyezimo eziphuthumayo	Izinhlelo zokucindezela umlilo, iminyango yomlilo, kanye nempahla yokubalekela izimo eziphuthumayo

Izimayini ngokuvamile zigcina irejista esemthethweni ehlela zonke izinto ezidinga ukulungiswa okusemthethweni, isikhathi esidingekayo, usuku lokugcina lokuqedwa, kanye nosuku olulandelayo oludingekayo. Le rejista iyinye yezinto zokuqala abahloli abacela ukuyibona. Izinto ezingekho noma ezidlulelwe yisikhathi zingaholela ekuthathweni kwezinyathelo zokuqinisekisa ukuhambisana.

Izikhathi ezichaziwe kanye namazinga okuqondile kuncike ohlotsheni lwempahla kanye nomthethonqubo osebenzayo. Kwezintambo zokuphuthumisa, imithethonqubo ngokuvamile idinga ukulinganisa nokuhlola njalo, kunemibandela yokulahla esekelwe ekugugeni, izintambo ezaphukile, kanye nokulahlekelwa ubukhulu bendilinga. Kumabhoyila nezitsha zomfutho, ukuhlolwa njalo ngumnyango wokuhlola ogunyaziwe kuyinto evamile. Ukufakwa kukagesi ezindaweni ezinobungozi kungadinga ukuvivinya i-insulation kanye nephutha lokumbela njalo. Izimayini zegolide eGauteng ezinezinhlelo zokuphuthumisa zaphansi kakhulu, imisebenzi ye-platinum eLimpopo naseBushveld, kanye nezimayini zamalahle eMpumalanga, ngamunye unamaphrofayela obungozi aqondene nendawo. Isimiso siyefana: hlonza wonke umsebenzi osemthethweni, uwuhlele, uwuqede, futhi ubhale phansi. Into eyodwa esemthethweni edlulelwe isikhathi ingenele ukwenza umhloli abuze ngokwanele kwesimiso sokuphatha ukulungiswa kwemayini.

Izimfuneko Zokulungiswa Nokuvivinywa Kwe-Self-Contained Self-Rescuer (SCSR)

Ama-Self-contained self-rescuers (ama-SCSR) angamathuluzi abalulekile asindisa impilo athwalwa ngabasebenzi abasebenza ngaphansi komhlaba. Anikeza umoya ongaphefumulwa isikhathi esithile ngesikhathi sesimo esiphuthumayo njengomlilo noma intuthu. I-MHSA nemithethonqubo ibeka izimfuneko eziqinile ekunikezweni, ekugcinweni, ekulungisweni, nasekuvivinyweni kwawo.

Abaqashi kumele baqinisekise ukuthi:

• Wonke umuntu ongase adinge ukusebenzisa i-SCSR unokufinyelela kwenye engakapheli isikhathi futhi isesimeni sokusebenza esihle.
• Ama-SCSR ayagcinwa futhi ayalungiswa ngokuvumelana nemiyalelo yomkhiqizi kanye nazo zonke izimfuneko zemithethonqubo.
• Ukuhlolwa nokuvivinywa okuvamile kwenziwa ngezikhathi ezichaziwe (ngokuvamile ukuhlolwa ngamehlo kwanyanga zonke kanye nokuvivinya okusebenzayo noma kwe-bench njalo).
• Amayunithi asephelelwe isikhathi noma anesici akhishwa ekusebenzeni futhi ashintshwe; akufanele akhishwe noma athwalwe ngaphansi komhlaba.

Ukugcinwa kwamarekhodi awama-SCSR kubaluleke ngokukhethekile. Abahloli bazolindela ukubona ubufakazi bokukhishwa nokubuyiswa, izinsuku zokuhlolwa, imiphumela yokuvivinywa, kanye nokushintshwa kwamayunithi asefikile ekupheleni kokusebenza kwawo. Izimayini eziningi zilandelela ama-SCSR ngenombolo yohlu (serial number) nangosuku oludingekayo. Ukuvumela amayunithi ukuthi adlulelwe isikhathi sokuhlolwa noma sokuphelelwa isikhathi kubeka impilo engozini futhi kubeka imayini engcupheni yesibopho esikhulu nokushushiswa.

Izimfuneko Zokusindisa Zesahluko 16 (Kuhlanganisa Izichibiyelo Zango-Mashi 2025)

Isahluko 16 semithethonqubo ye-MHSA sibhekana nokulungela izimo eziphuthumayo kanye nokusindisa. Sidinga ukuthi izimayini zibe namaqembu okusindisa akwazi ukuphendula ezigamekweni ezingaphansi komhlaba. NgoMashi 2025, izichibiyelo emabhandeleni okusindisa zaqala ukusebenza, ziqinisa ukwakhiwa kweqembu kanye nokutholakala kwalo.

Izimfuneko ezibalulekile ngaphansi kweSahluko 16 esibuyekeziwe zihlanganisa:

• Ubukhulu beqembu lokusindisa: Iqembu lokusindisa okungenani elinamalungu ayisishiyagalombili ngayinye imayini (noma ngeshafu/ngendawo njengoba kuchaziwe emithethonqubo).
• Ukulungela: Okungenani amalungu ayisithupha eqembu kumele abe khona atholakale ngokushesha ukuze aphendule noma nini. Lokhu kusho ukuthi asendaweni noma angafinyelela emayini ngaphakathi kwesikhathi esibekwe ohlelweni lwemayini lwezimo eziphuthumayo.
• Ikhono lokuqhuma: Okungenani amalungu amabili eqembu lokusindisa kumele abe nezitifiketi zokuqhuma ezidingekayo ukuze iqembu likwazi ukubhekana ngokuphepha nezimo eziphuthumayo noma izithiyo ezihlobene nezinto eziqhumayo.
• Ukulinganiswa ngokwenani labantu abangaphansi komhlaba: Inani lamaqembu okusindisa kanye/noma amalungu kungenzeka kudingeke lilinganiswe nenani labantu abavame ukuba ngaphansi komhlaba. Imisebenzi emikhulu kumele iqinisekise umthamo owanele wokusindisa ukuze kufinyelelwe kuzo zonke izindawo zokusebenza ngaphakathi kwezikhathi zokuphendula ezidingekayo.

Lezi zinguquko zibeka umthwalo oqondile kubaphathi bemayini wokuhlela ishifu, ukuqeqesha, kanye nokugcina abasebenzi bokusindisa abaneziqu ezanele. “Ukutholakala ngokushesha” ngokuvamile kuchazwa ohlelweni lwemayini lokulungela izimo eziphuthumayo: kungasho ukuba khona endaweni ngesikhathi seshifu yokukhiqiza, noma ngaphakathi kwesikhathi sokuphendula esichaziwe (isb. imizuzu engu-30 kuya kwengu-60) emaqenjini abizwayo. Izimayini ezinamashafu amaningi noma izinombolo ezinkulu zabantu abangaphansi komhlaba kumele zilinganise umthamo wokusindisa ukuze zonke izindawo zokusebenza zifinyeleleke ngaphakathi kwesikhathi esidingekayo.

Uma kubhekwa ekulungisweni, impahla esetshenziswa amaqembu okusindisa, amathuluzi okuphefumula, amathuluzi okuxhumana, amabhokisi osizo lokuqala kanye nawokusindisa, nawo kumele alungiswe futhi anikwe izitifiketi. Impahla yeqembu lokusindisa ngokuvamile ifakwa kulo rejista efanayo esemthethweni noma yokuhambisana njengezinye impahla ezibalulekile ekuphepheni, ukuze izinsuku zeservisi nezokuphelelwa isikhathi zingaze zephuzwe.

Ukugcinwa Kwamarekhodi Nalokho Abahloli be-DMRE Abakubhekayo

I-MHSA nemithethonqubo idinga ukuthi abaqashi bagcine amarekhodi afakazela ukuhambisana. Kokulungisa, lokhu ngokuvamile kuhlanganisa amarekhodi okuhlola nokuvivinya (okwahlolwa, nini, ngubani, kanye nokwatholakala), amarekhodi okulungisa nokukhanda, izitifiketi ezivela ezinhlanganweni zokuhlola ezigunyaziwe, amarekhodi okuqeqesha nekhono, kanye namarekhodi e-SCSR nempahla yokusindisa. Amarekhodi kumele atholakale ngokushesha ukuze ahlolwe yi-DMRE nangabameleli bezempilo nokuphepha, ngokuvamile iminyaka eminingana ngemva komsebenzi. Amarekhodi angekho kahle noma angekho abhekwa njengobufakazi bokuthi umsebenzi awenziwanga futhi angasetshenziswa nxazonke nemayini ekuqinisekisweni komthetho noma ezinqubweni zomthetho womphakathi.

Imithethonqubo ngokuvamile ayichazi ifomethi ethile: amarekhodi angagcinwa ephepheni noma ngendlela ye-elekthronikhi, uma nje efundeka, engatholwa, futhi egcinwe isikhathi esidingekayo. Izimayini eziningi sezishintshele ezinhlelweni ze-elekthronikhi zokulungisa nokuhambisana ukuze zigweme amaphepha alahlekile noma angafundeki. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi yifomethi ini, okuqukethwe kumele kusekele ukuhlolwa (audit): ubani owenza ini, nini, futhi umphumela wawuyini. Ukusayina, izinsuku, kanye nezinkomba ezihlukile (isb. inombolo ye-work order noma inkomba yokuhlola) kwenza kube lula ukwanelisa umhloli nokuvikela imayini uma kuvela isimangalo noma ukushushiswa.

I-DMRE (owawaziwa ngokomlando ngokuthi i-DMR) yenza ukuhlola okujwayelekile nokuqhutshwa yizigameko ezimayini. Abahloli banamandla okungena emayini, ukuhlola imibhalo, kanye nokuhlola impahla nezindawo zokusebenza. Ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa ngokuvamile bacela irejista esemthethweni yokulungisa futhi bahlole ukuthi izinsuku ezidingekayo ziyagcinwa; bacele amarekhodi okulungisa nokuhlola ezintweni ezithile (izinhlelo zokuphuthumisa, izintambo, ama-SCSR, ukumoshiswa komoya, ugesi); baqinisekise ukuthi izitifiketi zempahla yomfutho nempahla yokuphakamisa zisesikhathini; futhi bahlole ukuthi amaqembu okusindisa ahambisana nezimfuneko zeSahluko 16. Bangase futhi bafune iziphene noma izimo ezingaphephile eziphakamisa ukuthi ukulungiswa noma ukuhlolwa akwanele.

Abahloli bangakhipha izaziso zokuthuthukisa ezidinga ukuthi imayini ilungise ukungahambisani nomthetho ngaphakathi kwesikhathi esibekiwe, noma izaziso zokwenqabela (i-Section 54/55) ezimisa imisebenzi ethile kuze kube ubungozi buyalawulwa. Bangase futhi baqoqe ubufakazi bokushushiswa. Ukulungiselela kubalulekile: ukwazi izinsuku zakho ezilandelayo ezidingekayo, ukuba namarekhodi endaweni eyodwa, kanye nokukwazi ukuwakhipha ngokushesha kukhombisa indlela ebucayi yokubheka izimfuneko zokulungiswa ze-MHSA nokuhambisana.

Izijeziso Zokungahambisani Nomthetho

Ukungahambisani ne-MHSA nemithethonqubo yayo kungaholela ezazisweni zokuthuthukisa nezokwenqabela (kunokuvaleka okungenzeka kwengxenye noma yonke imayini kuze kube ukuhambisana kuyafinyelelwa), izinhlawulo ezinkulu kubaqashi abayizinkampani, futhi ezimweni ezinzima ukuboshwa kwabantu abazibopho lapho kukhonjiswa ubudedengu noma ukungakhathaleli. Izigameko ezihlotshaniswa nokulungiswa okubuthaka nakho kudonsa ukunakwa kwabezindaba nababambe iqhaza futhi kungathinta ilayisensi, umshwalense, kanye nobudlelwane nomphakathi.

Abaphathi bokulungisa abaqinisekisa ukuthi umsebenzi osemthethweni uyahlelwa, uqedwe ngesikhathi, futhi ubhalwe phansi ngokufanele, basiza ukuvikela bobabili abasebenzi kanye nenhlangano kule miphumela. I-DMRE igcizelele isixhumanisi phakathi kokulungiswa okunomthetho nokuvinjelwa kwezigameko. Ukuphatha izimfuneko zokulungiswa ze-MHSA njengenqubo ebalulekile yebhizinisi, hhayi njengomcabango wokugcina wezokuphatha, kuyisisekelo sesimo esingavikeleka uma kuvela ukuhlolwa noma isigameko.

Indlela I-CMMS Esiza Ngayo Izimayini Ukuhlala Zihambisana Ne-MHSA

Uhlelo Lokuphathwa Kokulungiswa Olusebenzisa Ikhompyutha (i-CMMS) olwakhelwe imayini yaseNingizimu Afrika lingahlanganisa ndawonye ukulungiswa namarekhodi aphathelene ne-MHSA, kunciphise ubungozi bezinsuku ezidingekayo ezephuzwayo nezitifiketi ezilahlekile. Imisebenzi esemthethweni neyokuhambisana ingahlelwa njengama-work order aphindaphindwayo anezikhathi ezimisiwe (isb. ukuhlolwa kwe-SCSR nyanga zonke, ukuhlolwa kwezintambo kwakhathi kokwesithathu somnyaka). Uhlelo lukhiqiza ama-work order kusenesikhathi ukuze kungabi khona okushayekayo lapho ishifu nomthwalo womsebenzi kushintsha. Izinhlu zokuhlola ezilinganisiwe zama-SCSR, impahla yokusindisa, ukumoshiswa komoya, kanye nezinye impahla ezibalulekile ekuphepheni ziqinisekisa ukuthi konke ukuhlolwa kubandakanya amaphuzu afanayo nokuthi imiphumela iyathathwa ngefomethi efanayo. Izitifiketi zempahla yomfutho, impahla yokuphakamisa, kanye nempilo yokusebenza kwe-SCSR zingabhalwa phansi kunezinsuku zokuphelelwa isikhathi, kunezexwayiso (isb. izinsuku ezingu-30 noma ezingu-60 ngaphambi kosuku oludingekayo) ukuze ukunikwa kabusha isitifiketi noma ukushintshwa kuhlelwe ngesikhathi. Uma umhloli ecela irejista esemthethweni noma amarekhodi okuhlolwa nokuvivinywa, imibiko ingakhiqizwa kusuka ku-CMMS ikhombisa izinsuku ezidingekayo, izinsuku zokuqedwa, kanye nabantu abanomthwalo. Izimayini eziningi zinokuxhumana okulinganiselwe noma azinakho ezindaweni zokusebenza; i-CMMS esekela ukusetshenziswa ngaphandle kokuxhumana (offline) ivumela ochwepheshe ukuthi baqophe ukuhlolwa nomsebenzi owenziwe ngaphansi komhlaba futhi bavumelanise lapho sebebuyele phezulu komhlaba. Ukuze uthole okwengeziwe ngokuthi kungani izimayini zaseNingizimu Afrika zisebenzisa i-CMMS, bheka i-CMMS yezimayini eNingizimu Afrika.

Bona ukuthi i-Lungisa isiza kanjani izimayini zaseNingizimu Afrika ukugcina ukulungiswa okusemthethweni kusesetayibhu futhi zihlale zilungele ukuhlolwa yi-DMRE. Hlola i-Lungisa.