Imikhawulo Yomthwalo Wama-Axle Amaloli eNingizimu Afrika: Ukubhekisa Okuphelele
Ukugcwalisa ngokweqile okukodwa esitokisini sokukala kungakubiza u-R15,000 nangaphezulu ngezinhlawulo, kanye namaphuzu okudemerit nokuboshwa. Ku-N3 noma N1, lokho kusho iloli ehlala imile kuze kulungiswe umthwalo futhi umsebenzisi akhokhe. Imikhawulo yomthwalo wama-axle amaloli eNingizimu Afrika isethelwe yi-National Road Traffic Act, futhi ukungazi akusikho ukuzivikela. Lo mhlahlandlela unika imikhawulo eqondile, ifomula yebhuloho, imithetho yesityalo se-consignor, nezinqubo ezingokoqobo zokuhlala sithobela ukuze uqhube imikhumbi yakho ngaphakathi komthetho.
Umgwaqo womthetho: National Road Traffic Act (NRTA)
Isisindo samaloli eNingizimu Afrika nemikhawulo yama-axle sisethelwe yi-National Road Traffic Act 93 ka-1996 (NRTA) nemithetho yayo. UMthetho unikeza uNgqongqoshe Wezokuthutha amandla okubeka izisindo eziphezulu ezingcono kakhulu zezimoto nezinhlanganisela, futhi imikhawulo yamanje inikezwa eMithethweni Ye-National Road Traffic (njengoba ichitshiyelwe).
Amaphuzu ayinhloko:
- Imikhawulo ye-steering axle, ye-single axle, ye-tandem axle, ne-ye-tridem axle ibekwa ngeqembu ngalinye lama-axle.
- Imikhawulo ye-Gross Vehicle Mass (GVM) ne-Gross Combination Mass (GCM) isebenza kuyo yonke imoto noma inhlanganisela.
- Ifomula yebhuloho ibophezela isisindo esihlanganisiwe samaqembu ama-axle nebanga phakathi kwabo ukuvikela izakhiwo zomgwaqo.
- Ukugcwalisa ngokweqile yicala; izinhlawulo zihlanganisa izinhlawulo eziqhubekayo, amaphuzu okudemerit, nokuboshwa.
- Ama-consignors nama-consignees anezibopho ezithile ngaphansi kweMithetho 330A–330D (izimemezelo zomthwalo, amandla okuthwala, amarekhodi). Ukwehluleka ukuthobela kungashintsha isityalo sokugcwalisa ngokweqile ku-consignor.
Ukuthobela kuyisibopho somsebenzisi, umshayeli, nangezikhathi ezisebenzayo i-consignor. Ukungazi imikhawulo akusikho ukuzivikela.
Imikhawulo yomthwalo wama-axle: amatafula okubhekisa okusheshayo
Imikhawulo elandelayo isebenza ezimotweni nezinhlanganisela zezimoto emigwaqweni yaseNingizimu Afrika ngaphansi kweframe ye-NRTA. Yonke izisindo zisezikilogramu (kg).
Umkhawulo we-steering axle
| Uhlobo lwe-axle | Isisindo esiphezulu | Amanothi |
|---|---|---|
| I-steering axle | 7 700 kg | I-axle eyodwa ephikela imoto. Ngokuvamile i-front axle kumaloli aqinile nama-tractor. |
Umkhawulo we-steering axle uphansi kunamanye ama-single axle ukuvikela i-geometry yokupheka nokugqoka kwepayipi. Ukudlula kuye nakho kwandisa ingozi yokwehluleka ukupheka.
I-single axle (engapheki)
| Uhlobo lwe-axle | Isisindo esiphezulu | Amanothi |
|---|---|---|
| I-single axle | 9 000 kg | Noma yiyiphi i-axle eyodwa engayona i-steering axle. |
Lokhu kusebenza ku-axle eyodwa engakhi qembu le-tandem noma le-tridem. Ama-drive axle elolini eliqinile (lapho kune-rear axle eyodwa kuphela) ngokuvamile awele ngaphansi kwalo mkhawulo.
Umkhawulo we-tandem axle
| Uhlobo lwe-axle | Isisindo esiphezulu | Amanothi |
|---|---|---|
| I-tandem axle | 18 000 kg | Ama-axle amabili eqenjini (isb. ama-dual rear axle elolini eliqinile, noma ama-drive axle ku-tractor). |
Ama-18 000 kg yisisindo esiphelele eqenjini le-tandem, hhayi nge-axle ngayinye. Ukubekwa nokuhleleka kusadinga ukwanelisa ifomula yebhuloho (bona ngezansi).
Umkhawulo we-tridem axle
| Uhlobo lwe-axle | Isisindo esiphezulu | Amanothi |
|---|---|---|
| I-tridem axle | 24 000 kg | Ama-axle amathathu eqenjini (isb. ku-trailer noma ezinye izimo ze-rigid vehicle). |
Futhi, ama-24 000 kg yisonke seqembu. Ama-tridem axle avame ku-semi-trailers nasezinye izimo ze-tipper.
Isifinyezo: imikhawulo yamaqembu ama-axle
| Iqembu lama-axle | Isisindo esiphezulu (kg) |
|---|---|
| I-steering axle | 7 700 |
| I-single axle | 9 000 |
| I-tandem axle | 18 000 |
| I-tridem axle | 24 000 |
Lawa yizakhi. I-GVM noma i-GCM evumelekile yemoto yakho incike ekuhlelweni kwayo nasefomuleni yebhuloho.
I-GVM nokuhlelwa kweveyikhuli
I-Gross Vehicle Mass (GVM) yisisindo esiphezulu esivumelekile semoto (kuhlanganise umthwalo) njengoba kuchaziwe umkhiqizi noma njengoba kunqunywa umthetho. I-Gross Combination Mass (GCM) yisisindo esiphezulu esivumelekile senhlanganisela yemoto (isb. i-tractor + i-semi-trailer).
I-GVM evumelekile ingaphansi kokuthi:
- I-GVM yepuleti yomkhiqizi, kanye
- Isamba sezisindo ezivumelekile zawo wonke amaqembu ama-axle, okukhawulelwe ifomula yebhuloho.
Izibonelo ze-GVM ezijwayelekile ngokuhlelwa (zibonisa; qiniseka ne-pleting yemoto yakho nemithetho yamanje):
| Ukuhlelwa | I-GVM max evamile (kg) | Amanothi |
|---|---|---|
| I-2-axle rigid (steering + single) | 16 700 | 7 700 + 9 000 |
| I-3-axle rigid (steering + tandem) | 25 700 | 7 700 + 18 000 |
| I-4-axle rigid (steering + tridem) | 31 700 | 7 700 + 24 000 |
| I-5-axle articulated (tractor + semi) | 56 000 (GCM) | Evame ku-freight; ifomula yebhuloho isebenza |
Imikhawulo yangempela yemoto yakho kufanele ifundwe esitifiketini sokulunga nase-pleti yomkhiqizi. Ungalokothi ucabange i-GVM ephakeme kunepuleti noma ephuma ngokomthetho.
Ifomula yebhuloho
Ifomula yebhuloho ikhawulela isisindo esiphelele esingathwalwa emaqenjini ama-axle amabili nangaphezulu asebenzayo ngokubeka phakathi kwe-axle yokuqala neyokugcina eqenjini. Ivimbela ukulayisha okweqile emabhulohweni nasezihlambini.
Ngokufinyelela:
- Isisindo esivumelekile eqenjini lama-axle sincike ebangeni (L) phakathi kwe-axle yokuqala neyokugcina kulelo qembu.
- Ifomula (ngomqondo): W = k × L, lapho u-W eyisisindo esiphelele no-L sesimitha. I-constant nefom eyiqondile isethelwe emithethweni.
- Uma isisindo ema-axle sidlula lokho ifomula evumela kulelo banga, imoto igcwele ngokweqile noma ngabe iqembu ngalinye lama-axle lingaphakathi komkhawulo walo we-7 700 / 9 000 / 18 000 / 24 000 kg.
Lapho uhlela imithwalo nokubekwa kwama-axle (isb. ama-tandem adlikizayo kuma-trailer), abasebenzisi kufanele baqinisekise kokubili:
- Akuqembu lama-axle eledlula umkhawulo walo (steering 7 700, single 9 000, tandem 18 000, tridem 24 000), futhi
- Isisindo esihlanganisiwe nokubekwa kwama-axle kuthobela ifomula yebhuloho.
Abasebenzi besitoki sokukala namaphoyisa omgwaqo basebenzisa ifomula ukuhlola ukuthobela. Imikhumbi nabahleli bemithwalo kufanele bayisebenzise lapho babela umthwalo ukuze bavimbele ukugcwalisa ngokweqile esitokisini sokukala.
Izinhlawulo zokugcwalisa ngokweqile: izinhlawulo nokuboshwa
Ukugcwalisa ngokweqile kuthathwa ngokucosha. Izinhlawulo ngaphansi kwe-NRTA nokujeziswa okuhlobene (kuhlanganise i-AARTO) zihlanganisa:
- Izinhlawulo eziqhubekayo: Izinhlawulo zanda ngezinga lokugcwalisa ngokweqile. Ukugcwalisa ngokweqile okuqinile ngokuvamile kudonsa u-R15,000 nangaphezulu, nezimali eziphezulu zokephuka okuphindwayo noma okubi kakhulu.
- Amaphuzu okudemerit: Abasebenzisi nabashayeli bangathola amaphuzu okudemerit ngaphansi kohlelo lwe-AARTO, okuthinta amakhadi abasebenzisi namalayisensi.
- Ukuboshwa kweveyikhuli: Izimoto zingaboshwa kuze kulungiswe ukugcwalisa ngokweqile futhi kukhokhe noma yiziphi izinhlawulo. Lokho kusho ukungasebenzi emikhathini ebalulekile, izindleko ezingeziwe, nengozi yemikontrakthi nabathumeli.
Ukuhlala ngaphakathi kwemikhawulo yama-axle ne-GVM/GCM yindlela kuphela yokugwema lezi ziphetho. Ukukala ngaphambi kohambo nezimemezelo zomthwalo ze-consignor (bona ngezansi) kubalulekile.
Isityalo se-consignor ne-consignee (Imithetho 330A–330D)
Imithetho 330A kuya ku-330D ibeka izibopho ezicacile ku-consignors (futhi ezinye izimo ku-consignees). Uma ingalandelwa, isityalo sokugcwalisa ngokweqile singashintsha ku-consignor.
Thola amandla okuthwala ngokubhala
I-consignor kufanele ithole ulwazi olubhaliwe kumsebenzisi ngamandla okuthwala weveyikhuli (noma inhlanganisela) ezosetshenziswa. Amandla okuthwala asho isisindo semphahla imoto ingathwala ngokomthetho (i-GVM minus tare, noma elinganayo izinhlanganisela). Ukuthembela olwazini lwomlomo noma olungahlelekile akwanele.
Gcina amarekhodi ezimemezelo zomthwalo
I-consignor kufanele igcine amarekhodi ezimemezelo zomthwalo. Lokhu ngokuvamile kuhlanganisa:
- Ukutholakala komsebenzisi neveyikhuli
- Amandla okuthwala anikezwa umsebenzisi
- Incazelo nesisindo somthwalo osimenyezelwe
- Usuku nemininingwane yomthumelo
Amarekhodi kufanele agcinwe isikhathi esidingwa umthetho futhi akhiqizwe lapho kuceliwa. Ngaphandle kwabo, i-consignor ayikwazi ukubonisa ukuqaphela.
Isabelo sikaPetrol (kuze kube yizi-1 000 litres ku-tare)
Lapho kubalwa amandla okuthwala, uphethiloli ngamatangi eveyikhuli kungaphathwa njengengxenye yesisindo se-tare (isisindo singenalutho) kuze kube umkhawulo wama-1 000 litres. Lokhu kunika abasebenzisi indlela ehlala njalo yokubala uphethiloli ngaphandle kokunciphisa umthwalo. Uphethiloli ngaphezu kwe-1 000 litres ngokuvamile kubalwa njengengxenye yomthwalo ukuthobela isisindo.
Isityalo sishintsha ku-consignor
Uma i-consignor:
- Iphumelela ukuthola amandla okuthwala abhaliwe kumsebenzisi, noma
- Ilayisha imoto ngaphezu kwalelo mandla, noma
- Iphumelela ukugcina noma ukunikeza amarekhodi ezimemezelo zomthwalo lapho kudingeka,
khona-ke i-consignor ingaboshwa ngesityalo secala lokugcwalisa ngokweqile, ngaphezulu noma esikhundleni somsebenzisi/umshayeli. Ngakho ama-consignors kufanele abe nezinqubo zokuthola umthwalo ngokubhala, ukumenyezela imithwalo ngokunembile, nokugcina amarekhodi.
Abasebenzisi kufanele basekele ama-consignors ngokunikeza amandla okuthwala acacile, abhaliwe, nokubambisana ngezimemezelo zomthwalo. Isistimu yokulawula ukuthutha ingathatha amandla okuthwala futhi ikhiqize izimemezelo zomthwalo ukuze bobabili abahlanganyeli bahlale bethobela.
Izinqubo nezimfuneko zesitoki sokukala
Izitoki sokukala emikhathini emikhulu njenge-N3 (isb. Mariannhill, Mooi River), N1 (izingxenye zaseGauteng neKapa), ne-N2 zisetshenziselwa ukuphoqelela imikhawulo yama-axle ne-GVM. Abashayeli nabasebenzisi kufanele:
- Baye lapho beqondiswa esitokisini sokukala. Ukwehluleka ukuyima noma ukuzama ukubalekela kuyicala.
- Beke imoto njengoba iyalezwe ukuze i-axle ngalinye noma iqembu lama-axle likalwe ngendlela efanele (static noma in-motion weighing, ngokwesikhungo).
- Bakhiphe izidokhumenti lapho kudingeka (isb. ilayisensi, izidokhumenti zomsebenzisi, ubugcwaliso bomthwalo).
- Bathobele iziyalo uma kutholakala ukugcwalisa ngokweqile (isb. layisha phansi okweqile, usuke endaweni ephilile). Ukunqaba noma ukuphika kungaholela ekuboshweni nezingxephiso ezingeziwe.
Abasebenzi besitoki sokukala bangakala imoto yonke, amaqembu ama-axle, noma kokubili. Ukugcwalisa ngokweqile kunoma iyiphi iqembu lama-axle noma ku-GVM/GCM kwenza imoto ingathobeli. Ukuwazi i-tare yemoto yakho nokusabalalisa kwama-axle kukusiza ukugwema ukugcwalisa ngokweqile ngaphambi kokufika esitokisini sokukala.
Amathiphu angokoqobo: indlela yokugwema ukugcwalisa ngokweqile
- Thola amandla okuthwala abhaliwe yeyonke imoto/inhlanganisela oyisebenzisayo futhi wabelane ngawo nama-consignors. Buyekeza lapho ukuhlelwa noma imishini ishintsha.
- Lawula isisindo se-tare: Wazi i-tare yangempela yemoto ngayinye (kuhlanganise uphethiloli kuze kube yizi-1 000 L, umshayeli, amathuluzi, nemishini). Umzimba owengeziwe noma imishini inciphisa umthwalo.
- Sebenzisa izimemezelo zomthwalo: Kuwo wonke umthumelo, menyezela uhlobo lomthwalo nesisindo. Fanisa isisindo esimenyezelwe namandla okuthwala futhi uqinisekise ukuthi i-consignor inamandla abhaliwe futhi igcina amarekhodi.
- Ukukala ngaphambi kohambo: Lapho kungenzeka, kala imithwalo ngaphambi kokuthumela (isitoki sokukala sakho noma isikhungo esiseduze). Hlola ukusabalalisa kwama-axle, hhayi isisindo esiphelele kuphela. Shintsha ukubekwa komthwalo noma usebenzise imoto ehlukile uma kudingeka.
- Qeqesha abashayeli nabahleli: Qiniseka ukuthi bayazi imikhawulo yama-axle, izisekelo zefomula yebhuloho, nemithetho ye-consignor. Faka inqubo yesitoki sokukala ezinkulumweni zomshayeli.
- Sebenzisa i-TMS ukusekela ukuthobela: Isistimu yokulawula ukuthutha ingagcina amandla okuthwala, ikhiqize izimemezelo zomthwalo, futhi iveze amahambo adlula amandla, inciphisa ingozi yokugcwalisa ngokweqile nesityalo se-consignor.
Indlela i-TMS software esiza ngayo ngama-axle nokuthobela umthwalo
Izinhlelo zokulawula ukuthutha (i-TMS) zingasekela ukuthobela imikhawulo yomthwalo wama-axle amaloli nemithetho ye-consignor ngezindlela eziningana:
- Amandla okuthwala nidatha eyinhloko yeveyikhuli: Gcina i-GVM, i-tare, nomthwalo osemthethweni ngeveyikhuli/inhlanganisela ngayinye. Sebenzisa lokhu ngamandla okuthwala abhaliwe ku-consignors nangokuhlela umthwalo.
- Izimemezelo zomthwalo: Khiqiza futhi ugcine izimemezelo zomthwalo (uhlobo lomthwalo, isisindo, i-consignor, imoto) exhumene nohambo ngalunye. Lokhu kusekela ukugcina amarekhodi kweReg 330A–D kwama-consignors nabasebenzisi.
- Izexwayiso zokugcwalisa ngokweqile: Lapho uhlela uhambo, qhathanisa isisindo somthwalo osimenyezelwe noma ohleliwe namandla okuthwala bese uveza ukugcwalisa ngokweqile ngaphambi kokuthumela. Ezinye izinhlelo zihlanganisa nesitoki sokukala noma idatha yesisindo eboard ukuze uhlole ngesikhathi sangempela.
- Ukubika nokucwaninga: Khiqiza imibiko ngokusebenzisa umthwalo, izimemezelo zomthwalo, nokuthobela ukuhlola kwangaphakathi nokuhlola kwe-RTMS noma wabaphathi. Ukuqinisekiswa kwe-RTMS ngokuvamile kudinga ubufakazi bokulawula umthwalo nokugcwalisa ngokweqile; i-TMS inikeza umzila wokucwaninga ocacile.
Ukutshala imali ku-TMS esekela umthwalo, izimemezelo, nokuvimbela ukugcwalisa ngokweqile kuyinyathelo engokoqobo yokuhlala ngaphakathi kwemikhawulo yomthwalo wama-axle amaloli eNingizimu Afrika nokuhlangabezana nezimfuneko zesityalo se-consignor.
Itafula lesifinyezo: imikhawulo yomthwalo wama-axle amaloli eNingizimu Afrika
| Into | Umkhawulo noma isidingo |
|---|---|
| I-steering axle | 7 700 kg |
| I-single axle | 9 000 kg |
| I-tandem axle | 18 000 kg |
| I-tridem axle | 24 000 kg |
| I-GVM / I-GCM | Njengopleti nasefomuleni yebhuloho; i-5-axle GCM evamile 56 000 kg |
| Ifomula yebhuloho | Isisindo sama-axle esihlanganisiwe sikhawulelwe ibanga phakathi kwe-axle yokuqala neyokugcina eqenjini |
| I-consignor | Thola amandla okuthwala abhaliwe; gcina amarekhodi ezimemezelo zomthwalo; kuze kube yizi-1 000 L uphethiloli ku-tare |
| Ukugcwalisa ngokweqile | Izinhlawulo, ama-demerits, ukuboshwa; i-consignor inesibopho uma iReg 330A–D ingalandelwanga |
Imibuzo evame ukubuzwa
Yini umkhawulo we-steering axle eNingizimu Afrika?
Isisindo esiphezulu ku-steering axle siyi-7 700 kg ngaphansi kwe-National Road Traffic Act nemithetho. Le yi-axle eyodwa ephikela imoto (ngokuvamile i-front axle). Iphansi kuna-9 000 kg evumelekile kwezinye ama-single axle ukuvikela ukupheka namapayipi.
Kwenzekani uma iloli yami igcwele ngokweqile esitokisini sokukala?
Ungabhekana nezinhlawulo eziqhubekayo (eziphezulu ngokugcwalisa ngokweqile okukhulu), amaphuzu okudemerit ngaphansi kwe-AARTO, nokuboshwa kweveyikhuli kuze kulungiswe ukugcwalisa ngokweqile futhi kukhokhe noma yiziphi izinhlawulo. Imoto ingase ingashayelwa kuze kube yilapho ingaphakathi kwemikhawulo esemthethweni. Ama-consignors nakho angaba nesibopho uma bengazuzanga amandla okuthwala abhaliwe noma bagcine amarekhodi ezimemezelo zomthwalo njengoba kudingwa yiMithetho 330A–330D.
Ubani onesibopho sokugcwalisa ngokweqile: umsebenzisi noma i-consignor?
Bobabili bangaba nesibopho. Umsebenzisi nomshayeli banesibopho sokuqinisekisa ukuthi imoto ayigcwele ngokweqile. I-consignor inezibopho ngaphansi kweReg 330A–330D: thola amandla okuthwala abhaliwe kumsebenzisi, qinisekisa ukuthi umthwalo awudluli lamandla, futhi ugcine amarekhodi ezimemezelo zomthwalo. Uma i-consignor iphumelela lezi zibopho futhi imoto igcwele ngokweqile, isityalo singashintsha ku-consignor. Abasebenzisi kufanele banikeze amandla okuthwala abhaliwe futhi basekele izimemezelo zomthwalo ukuze bavikele bobabili abahlanganyeli.
Uphethiloli obuningi kangakanani engangibala njengesisindo se-tare?
Kuze kube yizi-1 000 litres uphethiloli ngamatangi eveyikhuli kungafakwa esisindweni se-tare lapho kubalwa amandla okuthwala. Uphethiloli ngaphezu kwe-1 000 litres ngokuvamile kubalwa njengengxenye yomthwalo ukuthobela imikhawulo yesisindo. Lokhu kubekwe emithethweni ye-NRTA futhi kuthinta ukuthi impahla engakanani imoto ingathwala ngokomthetho.
Sebenzisa leli khasi njengokubhekisa kwakho kwemikhawulo yomthwalo wama-axle amaloli eNingizimu Afrika, ifomula yebhuloho, imithetho ye-consignor, nezinhlawulo zokugcwalisa ngokweqile. Mayelana ne-RTMS nokuthobela obubanzi, bona umhlahlandlela wokuqinisekiswa kwe-RTMS eNingizimu Afrika. Ukuze ulawule amandla okuthwala, izimemezelo zomthwalo, nengozi yokugcwalisa ngokweqile emikhumbini yakho yonke kusukela epulatifomu eyodwa, bona indlela i-Thwala esiza ngayo abasebenzi be-freight baseNingizimu Afrika ukulawula ama-oda, ukuthobela, nokuxazulula.
Ibhalwe ngu
Thwala Team