Ukweqa Kwezindleko Zokwakha eNingizimu Afrika: Ukuvimbela

Ukweqa kwezindleko zokwakha kuyinto ejwayelekile eNingizimu Afrika, futhi ucwaningo lwezemfundo ngamaphrojekthi ombuso nawomkhakha ozimele eNingizimu Afrika luthola njalo amazinga okweqa asezingeni eliphakeme ngaphezu kwesabelomali sokuqala. Ucwaningo oluhlolwe ngontanga olwethulwa e-5th Built Environment Conference ye-Association of Schools of Construction of Southern Africa (Ramabodu & Verster, Department of Quantity Surveying and Construction Management, University of the Free State, 2010) lwaloba ukweqa kwezindleko okungu-58% e-Soccer City stadium eJohannesburg, okungu-50% e-Green Point Stadium eCape Town, kanye nokungu-38% e-Moses Mabhida Stadium eThekwini, amaphrojekthi amathathu okwakha aseNingizimu Afrika adume kakhulu. Kuphrojekthi engu-R5 million, ngisho ukweqa okungu-15–25% kungasho i-R750,000–R1.25 million ezindlekweni ezingalindelekile, okwanele ukusula ngokuphelele umkhawulo wenzuzo ojwayelekile.

Ukweqa kwezindleko akugcini nje ngokuncipha kwemikhawulo yenzuzo, kudala nengcindezi ye-cash flow, kulimaze ubudlelwane namaklayenti, futhi kungaholela ezingxabanweni ezibambezela izinkokhelo nokuqedwa komsebenzi. Emakethe yokwakha yaseNingizimu Afrika enokuncintisana okukhulu, lapho imikhawulo yenzuzo isivele imincane, ukuvimbela ukweqa kwezindleko kubalulekile ekusindeni kwebhizinisi.

Lo mhlahlandlela uchaza izimbangela eziyinhloko zokweqa kwezindleko zokwakha eNingizimu Afrika kanye namasu asebenzayo okuwavimbela: ukulinganisa, ukulawula ubukhulu bomsebenzi neziguquko, izindleko zezinto nezomthetho, kanye nokuthi kungani amathuluzi ajwayelekile ehluleka.

Ukuqonda Ukweqa Kwezindleko Zokwakha

Ukweqa kwezindleko kwenzeka lapho izindleko zangempela zephrojekthi zidlula isabelomali sokuqala. Kodwa akuwona wonke amaphutha alingana. Ukuqonda umehluko kukusiza uzivimbele futhi uziphathe ngempumelelo.

Izinhlobo Zokweqa Kwezindleko

Okuhleliwe kanye nokungahlelekile:

Ukweqa okuhleliwe, Izinguquko ezivunyelwe ngumakhi eziyandisa izindleko kodwa ezibhaliwe kahle futhi zikhokhelwe
Ukweqa okungahlelekile, Izindleko ezingalindelekile ezidla umkhawulo wenzuzo ngaphandle kwenkokhelo eyengeziwe

Okungabuyiswa kanye nokungenakubuyiswa:

Okungabuyiswa, Izindleko ongazibiza kumakhi ngezincomo zoshintsho (izinguquko zomakhi, amaphutha okuklama, izimo ezingalindelekile)
Okungenakubuyiswa, Izindleko okumele uzithwale (amaphutha akho okulinganisa, ukuphathwa kwesayithi okubi, ukumoshwa kwezinto)

Inhloso ukuncishisa okungenakubuyiswa nokuqinisekisa ukuthi zonke izindleko ezingabuyiswa ziyabizwa ngendlela efanele.

Umthelela Wangempela Wokweqa Kwezindleko

Ukweqa kwezindleko kuthinta ibhizinisi lakho ngezindlela eziningi:

Umthelela wezezimali:

Ukuncipha komkhawulo wenzuzo, irandi ngayinye engaphezu kwesabelomali incisha inzuzo yakho
Ingcindezi ye-cash flow, izindleko ezingalindelekile ziphungula imali yokusebenza
Ukuncipha kwenzuzo, ukweqa kwezindleko kungaguqula amaphrojekthi anenzuzo abe umonakalo

Umthelela wokusebenza:

Ukungqubuzana kwezinsiza, ukweqa kwephrojekthi eyodwa kuthinta ezinye
Ukwehla kwezinga, ingcindezi yokunciphisa izindleko ingehlisa izinga
Ukucindezeleka kwethimba, ingcindezi yezezimali idala ukucindezeleka kokusebenza

Umthelela odumeni:

Ubudlelwane namaklayenti buyehla lapho izabelomali zidlulwa
Umsebenzi wakusasa uba nzima ukuwuwina
Izingxabano ngezindleko zilimaza ubudlelwane besikhathi eside

Izimbangela Ezivamile Zokweqa Kwezindleko Zokwakha eNingizimu Afrika

Ukuqonda izimbangela kukusiza uzivimbele. Nazi izimbangela ezivamile emakethe yaseNingizimu Afrika:

Ukulinganisa Okubi Kokuqala

Ukulinganisa okubi kokuqala kuyimbangela eyinhloko yamaphutha amaningi ekweqeni kwezindleko. Uma ulinganisa izindleko ngaphansi kwezidingo esigabeni sokufaka isicelo, uqala ususesimweni esibuthakathaka, zonke izindleko ezingalindelekile zikushayela ngokwengeziwe emonakalweni.

Amaphutha avamile okulinganisa:

Ukubeka amanani aphansi ngokweqile, Ukufaka isicelo ngenani eliphansi ukuze uwine umsebenzi, bese kamuva utholakala ukuthi izindleko ziphakeme
Izinto ezishiyiwe, Ukukhohlwa ukufaka izindleko zokusetha isayithi, imisebenzi yesikhashana, noma ukuqedelwa
Izinombolo ezingalungile, Ukulinganisa ngaphansi izinga lezinto noma amahora omsebenzi
Amanani asendulo, Ukusebenzisa amanani amadala ezinto noma amanani omsebenzi angasabonisi izimo zamanje zemakethe
Isabelo esingasenele sezinto ezingalindelekile, Ukungabeki isabelo esanele sezinto ezingaziwa (ngokuvamile u-10–15% wamaphrojekthi okwakha)

Izinselele ezikhethekile zaseNingizimu Afrika zokulinganisa:

Ukunyakaza kohlelo lwemali, Izinto ezingeniswa kwamanye amazwe ezibekwa ngamanani e-USD/EUR ziyaguquka ngokuya kwezinga lokushintshaniswa kwemali
Izindleko zeload shedding, Uphethiloli wamajenareta, ukwehla komkhiqizo, izikhathi ezelulekiwe
Ukukhuphuka kwamanani ezinto, Ukukhuphuka okusheshayo kwamanani kasimende, insimbi, nezinye izinto
Izindleko zomthetho, Izinkokhelo ze-CIDB, ukubhaliswa kwe-NHBRC, izindleko zokuhambisana ne-B-BBEE

Isixazululo: Sebenzisa ama-Bills of Quantities (BOQ) anemininingwane agxile ekuhlolweni okunembile kwezinto. Buyekeza amanani ezinto njalo, okungenani ngenyanga ngezikhathi zokunyakaza. Faka isabelo esanele sezinto ezingalindelekile (u-10–15% wezinto ezingaziwa, kanye nezabelo ezikhethekile ze-load shedding nokukhuphuka kwamanani ezinto). Faka zonke izindleko ezikhethekile zaseNingizimu Afrika (ezomthetho, i-load shedding, ubungozi bohlelo lwemali). Sebenzisa idatha yamaphrojekthi angaphambilini ukuqinisekisa ukulinganisa.

Ukukhula Kobukhulu Bomsebenzi Neziguquko Zokuklama

Ukukhula kobukhulu bomsebenzi, lapho izidingo zephrojekthi zinweba ngale kwesilinganiso sokuqala, kuyimbangela enkulu yokweqa kwezindleko. Izicelo zomakhi zomsebenzi owengeziwe, izinguquko zokuklama, noma ukutholakala kwezidingo ezingalindelekile konke kwandisa izindleko.

Izimbangela ezivamile zokukhula kobukhulu bomsebenzi:

Izinguquko zomakhi, Izicelo zezici ezengeziwe, ukuqedelwa, noma ushintsho
Izinguquko zokuklama, Osonhlalakahle noma onjiniyela beshintsha imiklamo phakathi nokwakha
Imiklamo yokuqala engaphelele, Imininingwane eshiyiwe edinga umsebenzi owengeziwe
Ukutholakala kwezimo zesayithi, Ukuthola idwala, umhlabathi ongcolile, noma izinsiza ezingaboniswanga emidwebweni
Izinguquko zomthetho, Imithetho yokwakha emisha noma imithethonqubo edinga umsebenzi owengeziwe

Isixazululo: Yiba nezinqubo ezicacile zezincomo zoshintsho. Bhala zonke izinguquko zobukhulu bomsebenzi ngezincomo zoshintsho ezifanele. Thola imvume yomakhi nokubekwa kwamanani ngaphambi kokuqhubeka noshintsho. Sebenzisa isoftware yokuphatha amaphrojekthi ukulandelela izincomo zoshintsho nomthelela wazo kwizindleko. Faka isikhathi kanye nezindleko zesabelo ekulinganiseni izincomo zoshintsho ezilindelekile (ngokuvamile u-5–10% wenani lephrojekthi).

Ukukhuphuka Kwamanani Ezinto Ngamarandi

Ukukhuphuka kwamanani ezinto kuyinkinga ikakhulukazi eNingizimu Afrika, lapho amanani engakhuphuka ngo-10–20% ngonyaka owodwa. Uma ufaka isicelo ngoJanuwari uqale umsebenzi ngoJuni, amanani ezinto angase akhuphuke kakhulu.

Izici zokukhuphuka kwamanani ezinto:

Ukwehla kwehlelo lwemali, Ubuthakathaka berandi bukhuphula izindleko zezinto ezingenisiwe
Ukuphazamiseka koketango lokuhlinzeka, Ukubambezeleka kwamachweba, izinkinga zabahlinzeki, noma izinkinga zokukhiqiza
Ukunyakaza kwamanani empahla eyimikhiqizo, Amanani ensimbi, kasimende, nezinye izimpahla ziyaguquka
Ukukhuphuka kwamanani kaphethiloli, Izindleko zokuthutha zikhuphula amanani ezinto
Isidingo semakethe, Izikhathi zesidingo esiphezulu zikhuphula amanani

Isixazululo: Faka izinhlaka zokukhuphula amanani ezinto ezinkontrakeni lapho kungenzeka. Odoli izinto ezibalulekile kusenesikhathi ukuvala amanani. Faka ukukhuphuka kwamanani ezinto ekulinganiseni (ngokuvamile isabelo sonyaka esingu-5–10%). Landelela amanani ezinto njalo bese ulungisa ukulinganisa ngokufanele. Sebenzisa izivumelwano zokuhlinzeka ngenani elimisiwe lapho kungenzeka.

Amaphutha Okuklama Nezinto Ezishiyiwe

Amaphutha okuklama nezinto ezishiyiwe, lapho imiklamo ingaphelele, ingalungile, noma inamaphutha, kudala ukweqa kwezindleko lapho uthola izinkinga ngesikhathi sokwakha.

Izinkinga ezivamile zokuklama:

Imininingwane eshiyiwe, Imidwebo engaphelele edinga ukuchazwa noma umklamo owengeziwe
Amaphutha okuxhumanisa, Ukushayisana kwezinsiza, ukungqubuzana kwesakhiwo, noma amaphutha obukhulu
Amaphutha wemininingwane echaziwe, Imininingwane engalungile edinga izinguquko
Izinkinga zokuhambisana nemithethonqubo, Imiklamo engahambisani nemithethonqubo yokwakha noma imithetho

Isixazululo: Buyekeza imiklamo ngokucophelela ngaphambi kokuqala umsebenzi. Bona amaphutha nezinto ezishiyiwe kusenesikhathi bese uxoxa nethimba lokuklama. Bhala zonke izinguquko ezihlobene nokuklama ngezincomo zoshintsho ezifanele. Faka isabelo sezinto ezingalindelekile ekulinganiseni izinkinga zokuklama ezilindelekile (ngokuvamile u-3–5% wenani lephrojekthi).

Ukuphathwa Kwesayithi Okubi Nokumoshwa

Ukuphathwa kwesayithi okubi kuholela ekumosheni izinto, umsebenzi ophindiwe, nokungasebenzi kahle okwandisa izindleko ngaphandle kokwengeza inani.

Izinkinga ezivamile zokuphathwa kwesayithi:

Ukumoshwa kwezinto, Ukuoda kakhulu, ukugcinwa okubi, noma umonakalo ngesikhathi sokuphathwa
Umsebenzi ophindiwe, Umsebenzi okumele uphindwe ngenxa yamaphutha noma izinkinga zezinga
Umsebenzi ongasebenzi kahle, Umkhiqizo ombi, isikhathi esingasetshenziswa, noma izindlela zomsebenzi ezingalungile
Ukuxhumana okubi, Onkontraka abancane besebenza ngokuphambana noma bebangela ukubambezeleka
Ukuntuleka kokuqondisa, Ukuqondiswa okungasenele okuholela emaphutheni nasekumosheni

Isixazululo: Sebenzisa izinqubo ezifanele zokuphathwa kwesayithi. Landelela ukusetshenziswa kwezinto ngokumelene nesabelomali bese uthola ukumoshwa kusenesikhathi. Sebenzisa izincwadi zosuku zesayithi ukubhala umkhiqizo nokuthola ukungasebenzi kahle. Nikeza ukuqondiswa okwanele ukuvimbela amaphutha nomsebenzi ophindiwe. Xhumanisa onkontraka abancane ngempumelelo ukugwema ukungqubuzana nokubambezeleka.

Izinguquko Zomthetho Nezindleko Zokuhambisana

Izinguquko zomthetho, imithetho yokwakha emisha, imithethonqubo yemvelo, noma izidingo zokuhambisana, zingakhuphula izindleko ngokungalindelekile.

Ukukhuphuka okuvamile kwezindleko zomthetho:

Ukubuyekezwa kwemithetho yokwakha, Izidingo ezintsha zokusindwa kwamandla, ukufinyeleleka, noma ezokuphepha
Imithethonqubo yemvelo, Izidingo ezintsha zokuphathwa komfucuza, ukusetshenziswa kwamanzi, noma ukukhishwa kokungcolile
Ukuhambisana ne-B-BBEE, Izidingo zokuqukethwe kwendawo, ukuthuthukiswa kwamakhono, noma ubunikazi
Izidingo ze-CIDB, Izidingo ezintsha zesigaba noma amazinga okuhambisana
Imithetho kamasipala, Izinguquko emithethweni yendawo yokwakha noma izinqubo zemvume

Isixazululo: Hlala wazi ngezinguquko zomthetho. Faka izidingo zomthetho ezaziwayo ekulinganiseni. Faka isabelo sezinto ezingalindelekile ezinguqukweni zomthetho ezilindelekile (ngokuvamile u-2–5% wenani lephrojekthi). Xhumana nabaphathi bomthetho kusenesikhathi ukuze uqonde izidingo.

Izindleko Zesimo Sezulu Ne-Load Shedding

Ukubambezeleka ngenxa yesimo sezulu ne-load shedding kukhuphula izindleko ngokwelula izikhathi, ukwehla komkhiqizo, nezindleko ezengeziwe.

Ukukhuphuka kwezindleko ezihlobene nesimo sezulu:

Izindleko ezelulekile zesayithi ngesikhathi sokubambezeleka
Umonakalo wezinto ngenxa yesimo sezulu
Umsebenzi owengeziwe wokuvikela umsebenzi osaqhubeka
Ukwehla komkhiqizo ngesikhathi sesimo sezulu esibi kakhulu

Ukukhuphuka kwezindleko ze-load shedding:

Izindleko zophethiloli wamajenareta (u-R500–R2,000 ngosuku kuya ngosayizi wejenereta)
Ukwehla komkhiqizo (u-20–30% ngesikhathi sezigaba eziphakeme ze-load shedding)
Izikhathi ezelulekile ezikhuphula izindleko zesayithi
Ukwelulwa kokuqashwa kwezinto zokusebenza

Isixazululo: Faka izindleko zesimo sezulu ne-load shedding ekulinganiseni. Faka izindleko zophethiloli wamajenareta ezindlekweni zesayithi (ngokuvamile u-R10,000–R30,000 ngenyanga ngesikhathi se-load shedding ephakeme). Faka ukulahleka komkhiqizo ekulinganiseni komsebenzi. Hlela umsebenzi ukunciphisa umthelela wesimo sezulu ne-load shedding.

Umthelela Wangempela: Indlela Ukweqa Kwezindleko Okubhubhisa Ngayo Imikhawulo Yenzuzo

Ukuqonda umthelela wangempela kusiza ekubekeni okokuqala ukuvimbela. Nasi lokho ukweqa kwezindleko okubiza ngempela:

Isibonelo Sokuncipha Komkhawulo Wenzuzo

Cabanga ngephrojekthi engu-R5 million enomkhawulo we-15% (inzuzo engu-R750,000):

Isabelomali sokuqala:

Inani lenkontileka: R5,000,000
Izindleko ezilinganisiwe: R4,250,000
Inzuzo elindelekile: R750,000 (umkhawulo we-15%)

Ngokweqa kwezindleko okungu-20%:

Izindleko zangempela: R5,100,000 (R4,250,000 × 1.20)
Inani lenkontileka: R5,000,000 (alishintshanga)
Inzuzo yangempela: -R100,000 (umonakalo we-2%)

Ukweqa kwezindleko okungu-20% kuguqule inzuzo engu-R750,000 yaba umonakalo ongu-R100,000, okuwukunyakaza kwe-R850,000.

Umthelela We-Cash Flow

Ukweqa kwezindleko kudala ingcindezi ye-cash flow:

Uchitha okwengeziwe kunesabelomali, kodwa inani lenkontileka lihlala linjalo
Imali yokusebenza iboshwa ezindlekweni ezingalindelekile
Izitifiketi zenkokhelo azikhuphuki ukumboza ukweqa (ngaphandle uma izincomo zoshintsho zivunyiwe)
Ungase udinge ezinye izimali ukuqedela iphrojekthi

Ubungozi Bengxabano

Ukweqa kwezindleko kuvame ukuholela ezingxabanweni:

Amaklayenti aphikisana nezincomo zoshintsho ethi izindleko bekufanele zibe kusabelomali sokuqala
Izingxabano zibambezela izinkokhelo, kwenza i-cash flow ibe mbi
Izindleko zomthetho zengeza ezindlekweni zephrojekthi
Ubudlelwane buyehla, buthinta umsebenzi wakusasa

Amasu Okuvimbela: Indlela Yokugcina Amaphrojekthi Ngaphakathi Kwesabelomali

Ukuvimbela ukweqa kwezindleko kudinga izinqubo ezihlelekile. Nawa amasu asebenzayo:

1. I-BOQ Enembile Nokulinganisa Kokuqala

Sebenzisa ama-Bills of Quantities anemininingwane:

Ukuhlolwa okunembile kwezinto okususelwa emidwebweni
Amanani ezinto amanje (abuyekezwa njalo ngenyanga ngezikhathi zokunyakaza)
Amanani omsebenzi angokoqobo asuselwa emkhiqizweni wangempela
Izabelo ezanele zokumoshwa, ukuqondiswa, nezindleko zesayithi

Faka isabelo sezinto ezingalindelekile:

U-10–15% wezinto ezingaziwa nobungozi
Izabelo ezikhethekile ze-load shedding (R10,000–R30,000 ngenyanga)
Isabelo sokukhuphuka kwamanani ezinto (u-5–10% ngonyaka)
Isabelo sobungozi bokuklama (u-3–5% wezinkinga zokuklama ezilindelekile)

Qinisekisa ukulinganisa:

Qhathanisa nedatha yamaphrojekthi angaphambilini
Qhathanisa namanani emboni
Buyekeza nabalinganisi abanolwazi
Ungafaki isicelo ngaphansi kwezindleko ukuze uwine umsebenzi

2. Ukuhlela Isabelo Sezinto Ezingalindelekile

Beka eceleni isabelo sezinto ezingalindelekile:

Gcina u-10–15% wenani lephrojekthi njengesabelo sezinto ezingalindelekile
Ungasisebenzisi isabelo sezinto ezingalindelekile ezinguqukweni ezihleliwe, lezo kufanele zihlukane
Landelela ukusetshenziswa kwesabelo bese uligcwalisa uma kungenzeka
Bikela amaklayenti ngokusobala ngokusetshenziswa kwesabelo

Phatha isabelo sezinto ezingalindelekile ngokucophelela:

Sisebenzise kuphela ezintweni ezingaziwa ngempela, hhayi amaphutha okulinganisa
Thola imvume ngaphambi kokusebenzisa isabelo ezinguqukweni zomakhi
Landelela ukusetshenziswa kwesabelo ngokumelene nesabelomali
Ungaliphathi isabelo “njengemali yamahhala”

3. Ukuphathwa Kwezincomo Zoshintsho

Bhala zonke izinguquko:

Khipha izincomo zoshintsho kuzo zonke izinguquko zobukhulu bomsebenzi
Thola imvume yomakhi ngaphambi kokuqhubeka
Beka amanani ezincomo zoshintsho ngaphambi kokuqala umsebenzi
Landelela izindleko zezincomo zoshintsho ngokuhlukana nenkontileka eyisisekelo

Izindlela ezingcono zezincomo zoshintsho:

Thumela izincomo zoshintsho ngokushesha (phakathi kwezinsuku ezingu-7 kusukela esiyalezweni)
Faka ukwahlukaniswa kwezindleko okuningiliziwe
Bhekisa ezingxenyeni zenkontileka ezisekela isincomo soshintsho
Landelela izimvume ukugwema ukubambezeleka

4. Ukulandelela Izindleko Ngesikhathi Sangempela

Landelela izindleko ngesikhathi sangempela:

Qhathanisa izindleko zangempela nesabelomali njalo ngesonto
Bona ukwahluka kwezindleko kusenesikhathi
Phenya ukwahluka okukhulu ngokushesha
Thatha isinyathelo esilungisayo ngaphambi kokuba ukweqa kube okubucayi

Izigaba zokulandelela izindleko:

Izinto, ezangempela kuqhathaniswa nezilinganisiwe
Umsebenzi, amahora namanani kuqhathaniswa nesabelomali
Onkontraka abancane, ezangempela kuqhathaniswa nezilinganisiwe
Impahla nezinto zokusebenza, izindleko zokuqasha kuqhathaniswa nesabelomali
Izindleko zesayithi, ezangempela kuqhathaniswa nezilinganisiwe
Izincomo zoshintsho, zilandelelwe ngokuhlukana

5. Ukubuyekezwa Kwezindleko Njalo

Ukubuyekezwa kwezindleko njalo ngesonto:

Buyekeza izindleko zangempela kuqhathaniswa nesabelomali
Bona amathrendi nokwahluka
Bikezela izindleko zokugcina ngokususela emkhiqizweni wamanje
Thatha isinyathelo esilungisayo sokweqa

Imibiko yezindleko yenyanga:

Ukwahlukaniswa kwezindleko okuningiliziwe ngesigaba
Ukuhlaziywa kokwahluka okuchaza umehluko
Ukubikezelwa kwezindleko zokugcina
Izincomo zokulawula izindleko

6. Ukuphathwa Kwamanani Ezinto

Vala amanani kusenesikhathi:

Odoli izinto ezibalulekile kusenesikhathi ukuvala amanani
Sebenzisa izivumelwano zokuhlinzeka ngenani elimisiwe lapho kungenzeka
Landelela amanani ezinto bese ulungisa ukulinganisa ngokufanele
Faka izinhlaka zokukhuphula amanani ezinto ezinkontrakeni

Isu lokuthenga izinto:

Ukuoda ngobuningi kungancisha izindleko kodwa kuboshe imali
Ukuoda ngesikhathi esifanele kugcina imali kodwa kube nobungozi bokukhuphuka kwamanani
Linganisa ukonga izindleko nezidingo ze-cash flow
Yiba nabahlinzeki bokusekela ezinto ezibalulekile

7. Ukuphathwa Kwesayithi Nokunciphisa Ukumoshwa

Nciphisa ukumoshwa kwezinto:

Odoli izinto ngokunembile kususela ekuhlolweni okuningiliziwe
Gcina izinto kahle ukuvimbela umonakalo
Landelela ukusetshenziswa kwezinto ngokumelene nesabelomali
Phenya ukumoshwa okukhulu ngokushesha

Thuthukisa umkhiqizo:

Nikeza ukuqondiswa okwanele
Sebenzisa izindlela zomsebenzi namathuluzi afanele
Xhumanisa onkontraka abancane ngempumelelo
Landelela umkhiqizo womsebenzi bese ubhekana nezinkinga

Usaqhuba amaphrojekthi ngama-spreadsheet ne-WhatsApp? I-Wakha igcina izincwadi zosuku zesayithi, izabelomali, izitifiketi zenkokhelo, nobufakazi bokuhambisana kunkundla eyodwa eyakhelwe abakhi baseNingizimu Afrika — bona ukuboniswa komkhiqizo.

Indlela I-Wakha Esiza Ngayo Ukuvimbela Ukweqa Kwezindleko Zokwakha

I-Wakha Construction & Property Development Management Software inikeza amathuluzi akhelwe ngokukhethekile ukuvimbela ukweqa kwezindleko emaphrojekthini okwakha aseNingizimu Afrika.

Ukuphathwa Nokulandelela Kwesabelomali

I-Wakha ilandelela isabelomali sakho ngesikhathi sangempela:

Isabelomali kuqhathaniswa nangempela, Qhathanisa izindleko ezihleliwe nezindleko zangempela ngesigaba
Ukwahlukaniswa kwezindleko, Landelela izinto, umsebenzi, onkontraka abancane, impahla, nezindleko zesayithi ngokuhlukana
Ukuhlaziywa kokwahluka, Bona lapho izindleko zidlula khona isabelomali nokuthi kungani
Bikezela izindleko zokugcina, Bikezela izindleko zokugcina zephrojekthi ngokususela emkhiqizweni wamanje

Lokhu kubona ngesikhathi sangempela kukusiza ubone ukweqa kwezindleko kusenesikhathi, ngenkathi kusenokulawuleka.

Ukulandelela Izindleko Ngesikhathi Sangempela

I-Wakha ilandelela izindleko njengoba zenzeka:

Izindleko zezinto, Bhala ukuthengwa kwezinto uqhathanise nesabelomali
Izindleko zomsebenzi, Landelela amahora namanani omsebenzi kuqhathaniswa nesabelomali
Izindleko zonkontraka abancane, Bhala ama-invoyisi onkontraka abancane uqhathanise nesabelomali
Impahla nezinto zokusebenza, Landelela izindleko zokuqasha kuqhathaniswa nesabelomali
Izindleko zesayithi, Qapha izindleko zesayithi kuqhathaniswa nesabelomali

Lokhu kulandelela ngesikhathi sangempela kukusiza ubone ukwahluka kwezindleko ngokushesha bese uthatha isinyathelo esilungisayo.

Ukuphathwa Kwezincomo Zoshintsho

I-Wakha ikusiza ukuphatha izincomo zoshintsho ngendlela efanele:

Ukulandelela izincomo zoshintsho, Bhala zonke izinguquko zobukhulu bomsebenzi ngezincomo zoshintsho ezifanele
Ukubala izindleko, Bala izindleko zezincomo zoshintsho ngaphambi kokuqala umsebenzi
Umgudu wemvume, Landelela izimvume zezincomo zoshintsho bese ulandelela ukubambezeleka
Ukulandelela okuhlukene, Landelela izindleko zezincomo zoshintsho ngokuhlukana nenkontileka eyisisekelo

Ukuphathwa okufanele kwezincomo zoshintsho kuqinisekisa ukuthi zonke izindleko ezingabuyiswa ziyabizwa futhi zikhokhelwe.

Ukubikezelwa Kwe-Cash Flow

Ukubikezelwa kwe-cash flow kwe-Wakha kusiza ukuvimbela ukweqa kwezindleko:

Ukubikezelwa kwezindleko, Bikezela ukuthi izindleko zizokwenzeka nini ngokususela ohlelweni lwakho
Ukubikezelwa kwenkokhelo, Bikezela ukuthi uzothola nini izinkokhelo
Isimo semali, Bona isimo semali yakho isonto ngesonto
Izixwayiso zokuqala, Izixwayiso lapho i-cash flow isengozini

Ingcindezi ye-cash flow ingaphoqelela izinyathelo zokunciphisa izindleko ezehlisa izinga noma ezibangela ukubambezeleka. Ukuphathwa okufanele kwe-cash flow kuyakuvimbela lokhu.

Ukuhlanganiswa Kwe-BOQ

I-Wakha ikusiza ukuphatha ama-Bills of Quantities:

Ukungenisa i-BOQ, Ngenisa ama-BOQ avela ku-software yokulinganisa
Ukulandelela izinombolo, Landelela izinombolo ezisetshenzisiwe kuqhathaniswa nezinombolo ze-BOQ
Ukubuyekezwa kwamanani, Buyekeza amanani ezinto njalo
Ukuhlaziywa kokwahluka, Qhathanisa izinombolo namanani angempela kuqhathaniswa ne-BOQ

Lokhu kukusiza ubone lapho ukusetshenziswa kwezinto kudlula khona ukulinganisa bese uthatha isinyathelo esilungisayo.

Ukuphathwa Kwezindleko Kwamaphrojekthi Amaningi

Uhlelo lwe-Developer lwe-Wakha lunikeza ukuphathwa kwezindleko ezingeni lomqulu wamaphrojekthi:

Ukubona umqulu wamaphrojekthi, Bona izindleko kuwo wonke amaphrojekthi kunkundla eyodwa
Ukwabiwa kwezinsiza, Bona ukungqubuzana kwezinsiza okuthinta izindleko
Inzuzo yonke jikelele, Landelela inzuzo kumqulu wakho wonke wamaphrojekthi
Amathrendi ezindleko, Bona amathrendi ezindleko kuwo wonke amaphrojekthi

Lokhu kubona umqulu wamaphrojekthi kukusiza uthathe izinqumo ezinolwazi mayelana nokwabiwa kwezinsiza nokubeka okokuqala amaphrojekthi.

Izici Zohlelo Lwe-Builder (R1,499/ngenyanga)

Uhlelo lwe-Builder lwe-Wakha lufaka:

Ukuphathwa kwesabelomali nokulandelela izindleko ngesikhathi sangempela
Ukuhlaziywa kokwahluka nokubikezelwa kwezindleko
Ukuphathwa kwezincomo zoshintsho
Ukuhlanganiswa kwe-BOQ nokulandelela izinombolo
Ukubikezelwa kwe-cash flow ukuvimbela izinkinga ze-cash flow ezihlobene nezindleko

Izici Zohlelo Lwe-Developer (R2,949/ngenyanga)

Uhlelo lwe-Developer lwe-Wakha lwengeza:

Ukuphathwa kwezindleko komqulu wamaphrojekthi amaningi
Ukubika okuthuthukisiwe nokuhlaziywa kwezindleko
Inkundla yamaklayenti yokubika izindleko ngokusobala
Ukufinyelela kwe-API kwezinhlanganiso ezizenzele
Ukubikezelwa kwe-cash flow okuthuthukisiwe kumaphrojekthi

Funda kabanzi ngezici zokuphathwa kwesabelomali ze-Wakha noma cela ukuboniswa ukubona ukuthi kungasiza kanjani ukuvimbela ukweqa kwezindleko emaphrojekthini akho.

Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa

Yiziphi izabelo ezifanele zezinto ezingalindelekile emaphrojekthini okwakha aseNingizimu Afrika?

Emaphrojekthini okwakha aseNingizimu Afrika, faka:

U-10–15% wesabelo sezinto ezingaziwa nobungozi jikelele
Okwengeziwe okungu-5–10% sokukhuphuka kwamanani ezinto (ikakhulukazi ngezikhathi zokunyakaza)
U-R10,000–R30,000 ngenyanga wezindleko ze-load shedding (uphethiloli wamajenareta, ukulahleka komkhiqizo)
U-3–5% wezinkinga zokuklama ezilindelekile nezincomo zoshintsho

Isabelo sonke sezinto ezingalindelekile sivamise ukuba phakathi kuka-15–25% kuya ngobunzima bephrojekthi nezimo zemakethe.

Ngingakwazi yini ukubuyisa izindleko emaphutheni okuklama?

Kuya ngenkontileka yakho. Iningi lezinkontileka ezijwayelekile (i-JBCC, i-NEC, i-GCC) livumela ukuthi ubize izindleko zamaphutha okuklama uma kungumthwalo womakhi noma umklami. Nokho, kumele:

Ubone amaphutha kusenesikhathi bese wazisa umakhi
Ubhale iphutha nomthelela walo ezindlekweni
Ukhiphe izincomo zoshintsho ezifanele
Uthole imvume yomakhi ngaphambi kokuqhubeka

Uma amaphutha okuklama engumthwalo wakho (isb., bekufanele uwabone ngesikhathi sesicelo), ungase ungakwazi ukubuyisa izindleko.

Ngiwaphatha kanjani amanani ezinto akhuphukayo ngemva kwesicelo?

Amanani ezinto akhuphukayo ngemva kwesicelo abungozi obukhulu. Izinketho zifaka:

Izinhlaka zokukhuphula amanani, Faka izinhlaka ezivumela ukulungiswa kwamanani ngenxa yokukhuphuka kwezinto
Ukuoda kusenesikhathi, Odoli izinto ezibalulekile kusenesikhathi ukuvala amanani
Izivumelwano zenani elimisiwe, Xoxisana ngezivumelwano zokuhlinzeka ngenani elimisiwe
Izincomo zoshintsho, Uma amanani ekhuphuka ngenxa yokubambezeleka noma izinguquko zomakhi, zibize ngezincomo zoshintsho

Uma amanani ezinto ekhuphuka ngenxa yezimo zemakethe futhi ungenazo izinhlaka zokukhuphula amanani, kungadingeka uthwale izindleko wena, yingakho ukufaka ukukhuphuka kwamanani ezinto ekulinganiseni kubalulekile.

Yini okumele ngiyenze uma iphrojekthi isidlule isabelomali?

Uma iphrojekthi isidlule isabelomali:

Hlola isimo, Kungakanani okudlulisiwe? Yini eyibangele? Ingabuyiswa yini izindleko?
Bona izindleko ezingabuyiswa, Iziphi izindleko ezingabizwa ngezincomo zoshintsho?
Bhala konke, Gcina amarekhodi aningiliziwe ezimbangela nezindleko
Khipha izincomo zoshintsho, Thumela izincomo zoshintsho kuzo zonke izindleko ezingabuyiswa
Lawula ezinye izindleko, Thatha isinyathelo ukuvimbela ukweqa okwengeziwe
Bikezela izindleko zokugcina, Bikezela izindleko zokugcina bese uhlela ngokufanele
Xhumana nomakhi, Yiba sobala ngesimo nohlelo lokubuyisela

Ngingakuvimbela kanjani ukweqa kwezindleko okuvela ekukhuleni kobukhulu bomsebenzi?

Vimbela ukweqa kwezindleko okuvela ekukhuleni kobukhulu bomsebenzi nge:

Ukuba nezinqubo ezicacile zezincomo zoshintsho
Ukubhala zonke izinguquko zobukhulu bomsebenzi ngezincomo zoshintsho ezifanele
Ukuthola imvume yomakhi nokubekwa kwamanani ngaphambi kokuqhubeka
Ukusebenzisa isoftware yokuphatha amaphrojekthi ukulandelela izincomo zoshintsho
Ukufaka isabelo ekulinganiseni izinguquko ezilindelekile
Ukuthi “cha” ezinguqukweni ezingenazo izincomo zoshintsho ezifanele

Yini umehluko phakathi kwesabelo sezinto ezingalindelekile nenzuzo?

Isabelo sezinto ezingalindelekile nenzuzo kunobunjalo obuhlukene:

Isabelo sezinto ezingalindelekile, Isabelo sezinto ezingaziwa nobungozi (u-10–15% wenani lephrojekthi)
Inzuzo, Umkhawulo wakho wokwamukela iphrojekthi (ngokuvamile u-10–20% wenani lephrojekthi)

Ungasisebenzisi isabelo sezinto ezingalindelekile njengenzuzo, uma ungasidingi isabelo, siba yinzuzo eyengeziwe, kodwa ungakuhleleli lokho. Futhi ungasebenzisi inzuzo ukumboza ukweqa, lokho kuncisha umkhawulo wakho wenzuzo.

Isiphetho

Ukweqa kwezindleko zokwakha eNingizimu Afrika kuthinta iningi lamaphrojekthi futhi kuncisha imikhawulo yenzuzo. Ukuvimbela lokhu kudinga ukulinganisa okunembile, ukuhlela isabelo sezinto ezingalindelekile, ukuphathwa kwezincomo zoshintsho, nokulandelela izindleko okuhlobene nezinkontileka zakho nohlelo lomsebenzi. Sebenzisa amasu angenhla namathuluzi aqonda izinkontileka zendawo nokuhambisana.

Ukubona ukuthi i-Wakha isiza kanjani abakhi baseNingizimu Afrika ukuphatha izabelomali, i-BOQ, izincomo zoshintsho, ne-cash flow kunkundla eyodwa, iya ku-Wakha.

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