Isofthiwe Yokuphatha Amaphrojekthi Okwakha Yabathuthukisi (SA)

Njengomthuthukisi wezakhiwo waseNingizimu Afrika, uthwala umthwalo wengcuphe wokwakha ongawuthinti ngokoqobo. Usonkontileka nguye oshaya isando, kodwa nguwe ophendula ebhange lapho ukukhishwa kwemali (drawdown) kubambezeleka, kumthengi lapho ukudluliswa kuphuza, nasekhweshini lakho lezimali lapho inguquko engabalwe muntu iguqula uhlelo oluzuzisayo lube olusalayo. Iningi le-software yokuphatha amaphrojekthi okwakha esemakethe lyabhalelwa umuntu osesayithini — umlamuleli wesayithi obhala idayari, evala izinkinga ezincane (“snags”), ephatha abasebenzi. Lokho kuyilensi engafanele umthuthukisi. Udinga ukuqapha, hhayi ukwenza umsebenzi ngokwakho: umbono ophilayo kusukela ekuhlolweni kokwenzeka kuze kube ekunikezweni, ophathelene nohlelo, izindleko, ukukhishwa kwemali, izinguquko nokuhambisana, ngaphandle kokuba nguwe umphathi wesayithi.

Lo mhlahlandlela uchaza ukuthi yini okufanele i-software yokuphatha amaphrojekthi okwakha iyenzele umthuthukisi noma umqashi ngokukhethekile, kanye nokuthi zihluke kanjani lezo zidingo kwezikasonkontileka.

Kungani abathuthukisi bedinga i-software yokuphatha amaphrojekthi okwakha ehlukile

I-software kasonkontileka imayelana nokwenza umsebenzi: ukubamba idayari yesayithi, ukusabalalisa imidwebo, ukulandelela izinkinga ezincane, ukufaka izimangalo zenkokhelo, nokugcina ubufakazi bezingxabano. Iyisofthiwe yokuqalisa umsebenzi, futhi ihlala esayithini.

I-software yomthuthukisi imayelana nokulawula umphumela. Uhlanganisa uxhaxha lwamaqembu — abeluleki, usonkontileka oyedwa noma abaningi, umxhasi wezimali, umasipala, abameli, ama-agent kanye nabathengi — okungekho namunye kubo omqashile ngokugcwele futhi bonke abangase babhidlize uhlelo lwakho. Imibuzo yakho ihlukile:

Ingabe uhlelo lusekhona endleleni ngokumelene nezinsuku ozithembise ibhange nabathengi?
Ingabe izindleko ezibophezelekile zisekhona ngaphakathi kokuhlolwa kokwenzeka okwagunyaza lesi sivumelwano?
Ingabe usonkontileka usewuzuzile ngempela lo mali osesitifiketini senkokhelo?
Ngingakwazi yini ukukhulula ukukhishwa kwemali okulandelayo ngobufakazi umxhasi wezimali azobamukela?
Ingabe ifayela lokuhambisana — i-NHBRC, i-CIDB, i-B-BBEE — liphelele ngokwanele ukuze kuthengiswe futhi kudluliswe?

I-software kasonkontileka iphendula “kwenzekeni esayithini namuhla”. I-software yomthuthukisi iphendula “ingabe uhlelo lwami lusazokwenza umsebenzi”. Ziyahlangana, kodwa ukudida lezi ezimbili yiyona nkinga eyenza abathuthukisi abaningi bathenge amathuluzi okwenza umsebenzi bese besebenzisa isipredishithi ukulawula okwabo kwangempela.

Ukuqapha kanye nokwenza umsebenzi: yini ngempela okuphathwa uhlangothi lwekhasimende

Umthuthukisi uhlala ngenhla kokwakha, hhayi ngaphakathi kwakho. Lokho kusho ukuthi isofthiwe kufanele ihlanganise futhi iveze, hhayi nje ukubamba. Ngokusebenzayo, ipulatifomu yomthuthukisi kufanele iveze izinto ezine ngokushesha:

Impilo yohlelo — ishejuli enkulu enomzila obalulekile, nalapho isigaba esishelele sithinta khona izinsuku zokunikezwa nokudluliswa.
Isimo sezindleko — okubophezelekile ngokumelene nesabelomali sokuhlolwa kokwenzeka, izindleko zokugcina ezibikezelwe, kanye nobukhulu bengcuphe yezinguquko.
Isimo semali — imali engenayo ngokumelene nephumayo, ukukhishwa kwemali okulandelayo, kanye negebe lezimali ngaphambi kokuba liqedwe.
Isimo sokuhambisana — yiziphi izinto ezimiswe umthetho eziqediwe, ezisalindile noma ezidlulele isikhathi, ngeyunithi nangesikimu.

Uma ukwakha kwakho kunabakalisa amaphrojekthi amaningana, lokhu kufanele kuhlangane kube umbono wephothifoliyo ukuze umqondisi abone uhlelo, izindleko nemali yesikimu ngasinye ngaphandle kokushayela ucingo kumphathi wephrojekthi ngamunye. Amathuluzi njenge-ipulatifomu yokuphatha ukuthuthukiswa kwezakhiwo ye-Wakha akhelwe kule ndlela yokuqapha yohlangothi lwekhasimende, hhayi umsebenzi wansuku zonke womlamuleli wesayithi.

Ukubona kusukela ekuhlolweni kokwenzeka kuze kube ekunikezweni

Iphrojekthi yomthuthukisi ayiqali kusigaba sokuqala nayiphetha ngokuphothulwa okusebenzayo. Iqala ekuhlolweni kwenani lomhlaba elisele futhi iphethe ekudluliselweni kokugcina kweyunithi. Into eyodwa ebaluleke kakhulu isofthiwe engayenzela umthuthukisi ukugcina lezo zicabango zixhumene kusukela ekuqaleni kuze kube sekugcineni.

Indlela okwehluleka ngayo yaziwa kahle: imodeli yokuhlolwa kokwenzeka yakhiwa kwisipredishithi esisodwa, isabelomali sokwakha kwesinye, futhi ngenyanga yesithathu akekho ongakutshela ukuthi uhlelo lusalandela yini ukuhlolwa okwagunyaza ukuthengwa komhlaba. Uma izicabango ozihlole ekuhlolweni kokwenzeka ziqhubeka ziye kusabelomali oluphilayo nasekugelezeni kwemali, izinga lokuthengisa eliwayo noma izindleko zokwakha ezikhulayo kuvela njengengcuphe emzuzwini yakho ngenkathi ungakwazi ukwenza okuthile ngakho — hhayi ekunikezweni lapho sekwephuze. Lokho kuqhubeka yikho ngempela okuhlukanisa ipulatifomu yomthuthukisi kusuka ethuluzini likasonkontileka, futhi yisihloko esiphindaphindekayo kwiningi lamathuluzi e-nqubo yomsebenzi wokuthuthukiswa kwezakhiwo okufanele ucabangele ngawo.

Ukulandelela inqubekela phambili kasonkontileka nezitifiketi zenkokhelo

Lapha yilapho izwe likamthuthukisi nelikasonkontileka lihlangana khona — futhi lapho imali ivuza khona. Usonkontileka ufaka isimangalo senqubekela phambili; unhlolovo wakho wezindleko noma umlamuleli omkhulu uyasihlola; isitifiketi senkokhelo sikhishwa ngenani elizuziwe ngempela, kususwa i-retention. Njengomqashi, awufaki isitifiketi ngokwakho — uhlola ukuthi lokho okukhokhayo kuyavumelana nalokho okwakhiwe ngempela.

Isofthiwe yohlangothi lomthuthukisi kufanele ikuvumele:

Ukubona okumangalelwe ngokumelene nokuqinisekisiwe ngokumelene nokukhokhiwe, ngesitifiketi ngasinye, ngokumelene nemali yesivumelwano.
Ukulandelela i-retention egciniwe kanye nezigaba zayo zokukhululwa, ukuze ungakhokhi ngokweqile futhi ungakhohlwa ukuyikhulula.
Ukuhlanganisa isitifiketi ngasinye emuva enqubekeleni phambili elinganisiwe, hhayi kuphela ku-invoyisi.
Ukugcina irekhodi elicwengekile, elinosuku, lomxhasi wezimali nangayiphi ingxabano ezayo.

Izikimu zaseNingizimu Afrika zisebenzisa amafomu e-JBCC, i-NEC noma i-GCC, futhi i-retention nesitifiketi ziziphatha ngokuhlukile ngaphansi kwelinye nelinye. Amathuluzi omhlaba wonke kwesikhathi esiningi awakwenzi lokhu kahle, yingakho isitifiketi ligcina lyakhiwa kabusha ngesandla ku-Excel. Ukuthola izitifiketi zenkokhelo yenqubekela phambili zilungile ngaphakathi kwepulatifomu kuyisidingo sangempela somthuthukisi, hhayi into engenzeka kusonkontileka.

Ukubika kumxhasi wezimali nokukhishwa kwemali

Cishe yonke intuthuko ebalulekile ixhaswa yibhange, futhi umxhasi wezimali akakhululi imali ngokwethemba — uyikhulula ngokumelene nobufakazi. Isofthiwe yomthuthukisi kufanele ikhiqize iphakethe lokukhishwa kwemali ibhange elilifunayo ngempela: i-S-curve, izindleko kuze kube manje ngokumelene nesabelomali, inani eliqinisekisiwe, ukuvunywa unhlolovo wezindleko, kanye nezinto zokuhambisana ezihlotshaniswe naleso sigaba.

Lapho lokhu kwenziwa emasipredishithini angaxhumene, ukukhishwa ngakunye kwemali kuba insuku ezingamahora amaningi zokuvumelanisa nokulinda ngokwesaba. Lapho isabelomali, izitifiketi kanye nokugeleza kwemali kufundwa kurekhodi elilodwa, umbiko wokukhishwa kwemali uba ukuchofoza okukodwa, futhi uyavumelana nawo. Lena yisizathu esisodwa esibukelwa phansi kakhulu sokuthi kungani abathuthukisi bedlula amasipredishithi — ukubika kokugeleza kwemali nokukhishwa kwemali yikho okugcina ithephu yezimali ivulekile ngesikhathi.

Ubufakazi bokuhambisana: i-NHBRC, i-CIDB ne-B-BBEE

Ukuhambisana kuyinkinga yomthuthukisi, hhayi kuphela ekasonkontileka, ngoba ungeke uthengise noma udlulise iyunithi engahambisani nemithetho. Isofthiwe kufanele ibambe ubufakazi, hhayi nje ukukukhumbuza ngomhla wokugcina:

I-NHBRC — ukubhaliswa ngeyunithi, izigaba zokuhlola, kanye nerekhodi lewaranti umeli wenkantolo womthengi azolifuna ngaphambi kokudluliswa.
I-CIDB — ukuthi usonkontileka omgunyazile ugradwe ngokufanele inani lomsebenzi, futhi uhlala esemthethweni kuwo wonke umsebenzi wokwakha.
I-B-BBEE — izindleko zokuthenga ngokwezinga le-BEE, ozidinga ngesikoledi sakho futhi kumashumi amaningi ama-tender nezimo zokuxhaswa ngezimali.

Kumthuthukisi, lokhu kuyibufakazi obulungele ikhadi lamaphuzu, endaweni eyodwa, ngeyunithi nangesikimu — hhayi ikhabhinethi lefayela elakhiwa kabusha ngovalo lapho umxhasi wezimali noma umeli wenkantolo ebuza.

Izidingo zomthuthukisi kanye nezikasonkontileka

Amakhono	Usonkontileka (ukwenza umsebenzi)	Umthuthukisi (ukuqapha)
Idayari yesayithi nezinkinga ezincane	Ithuluzi eliyinhloko nsuku zonke	Ubuyekeza isifinyezo, hhayi izingeniso zansuku zonke
Ukulawulwa kwemidwebo ne-RFI	Uyaziphatha futhi uyazisabalalisa	Ufuna umzila wokucwaninga, hhayi ukuwuphatha
Izitifiketi zenkokhelo	Ufaka isimangalo	Uyahlola, aqinisekise futhi akhokhe
I-Retention	Ujaha ukukhululwa	Ubamba futhi akhulule ngezigaba
Uhlelo olukhulu	Uphatha ulandelelwano lwesayithi	Ulandelela izinsuku zokunikezwa nokudluliswa
Ukuhlolwa kokwenzeka nenani elisele	Akuyona indaba yakhe	Kubalulekile esinqumweni sonke
Ukukhishwa kwemali nokubika kumxhasi	Uyingxenye ngokungajwayelekile	Umkhiqizo oyinhloko wamasonto onke
Ubufakazi bokuhambisana	Uletha ingxenye yakhe	Uphethe ifayela elithengiswayo, elixhaswayo ngezimali
Ukuqoqwa kwephothifoliyo	Ugxile kuphrojekthi eyodwa	Isikimu ngasinye ngokushesha

Ukuhlangana kukhona ngempela, yingakho ipulatifomu enhle isebenzela zombili izindima ngerekhodi elilodwa. Kodwa uma unguMthuthukisi futhi ithuluzi lenza kahle ikholomu yesokunxele kuphela, uzobe usalandelela ukulawula kwakho kwangempela kwenye indawo.

Bhukha idemo

Bona ukuthi i-Wakha inikeza umthuthukisi ukuqapha kohlangothi lwekhasimende kanjani — uhlelo, izindleko, ukukhishwa kwemali nokuhambisana kurekhodi elilodwa — ngaphandle kokukuguqula ube ngumphathi wesayithi. Bhukha idemo.

Imibuzo Ejwayelekile

Ngabe abathuthukisi nosonkontileka badinga isofthiwe ehlukile?

Badinga imibono ehlukile yephrojekthi efanayo. Usonkontileka uhlala ekwenzeni umsebenzi — idayari yesayithi, izinkinga ezincane, imidwebo, izimangalo. Umthuthukisi uhlala ekuqapheni — impilo yohlelo, izindleko ngokumelene nokuhlolwa kokwenzeka, ukukhishwa kwemali kanye nobufakazi bokuhambisana. Amaplatifomu angcono kakhulu, kuhlanganise ne-Wakha, asebenzela zombili izindima kusuka emthonjeni owodwa weqiniso ukuze ukuhlolwa kwesitifiketi somthuthukisi kufunde inqubekela phambili yangempela kasonkontileka, hhayi inombolo ephinde yathayipwa.

Ngabe isofthiwe yokuphatha amaphrojekthi okwakha ingangisiza ukubika kumxhasi wami wezimali?

Yebo, futhi kubathuthukisi abaningi kuyisizathu esinamandla kakhulu sokuyisebenzisa. Lapho isabelomali, izitifiketi zenkokhelo nokugeleza kwemali kwabelana ngerekhodi elilodwa, iphakethe lokukhishwa kwemali — i-S-curve, izindleko kuze kube manje, izinombolo eziqinisekisiwe kanye nobufakazi bokuhambisana — likhiqizwa endaweni yokuvumelaniswa ngesandla, ukuze itranshe ngayinye ikhishwe ngokushesha nangemibuzo emincane.

Ingabe iyakwazi ukubhekana nokuhambisana kwaseNingizimu Afrika njenge-NHBRC ne-CIDB?

Isofthiwe yaseNingizimu Afrika eyakhelwe lokhu ngqo iyakwazi. I-Wakha ilandelela ukubhaliswa kanye nokuhlolwa kwe-NHBRC, ihlola ukugradwa kwe-CIDB ngokumelene nenani lomsebenzi, futhi irekhode izindleko zokuthenga ze-B-BBEE, igcina ubufakazi umeli wenkantolo womthengi noma umxhasi wezimali abazobufuna endaweni eyodwa. Iningi lesofthiwe yomhlaba wonke yokuphatha amaphrojekthi okwakha alinawo umqondo walokhu nhlobo.

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