I-JBCC vs NEC vs GCC: Iyiphi Enconywayo Kwiphrojekthi Yakho yase-SA?

Ifomu yesivumelwano engalungile isho ukuthi uba sengcupheni yokubambezeleka kokukhokha, izitifiketi eziphikiswayo, kanye nokukhishwa kwesicelo sakho kuthenda. ENingizimu Afrika, kubusa amasethi amathathu ezivumelwano: i-JBCC (Joint Building Contracts Committee), i-NEC (New Engineering Contract), ne-GCC (General Conditions of Contract). Ngasinye sisebenzela imikhakha ehlukene, sabela ubungozi ngendlela ehlukile, futhi sisebenzisa izinqubo zokukhokha ezahlukene. Osonkontileka nabathuthukisi abaningi bawela ezingxabanweni, ekukhokheni okubambezelekile, nasekwedluleleni kwezindleko ngenxa yokuthi abasifanisanga isivumelwano nephrojekthi noma iklayenti.

Lo mhlahlandlela uqhathanisa izivumelwano ze-JBCC vs NEC vs GCC esimweni saseNingizimu Afrika: ukuthi ungasebenzisa nini ngasinye, ukuthi izitifiketi zokukhokha nezinguquko (variations) zisebenza kanjani ngaphansi kohlelo ngalunye, kanye nokuthi ungazilawula kanjani ngaphandle kokuminza emaspredishithini.

Kungani Ukukhetha Ifomu Yesivumelwano Kubalulekile

Ifomu yesivumelwano oyikhethayo ibeka isisekelo sokuthi iphrojekthi yakho izophathwa kanjani, izingxabano zizoxazululwa kanjani, kanye nokuthi ukukhokha kuzohamba kanjani. Uma ungayikhetha kahle, uzobhekana nalezi zinkinga:

Ukubambezeleka kokukhokha, Izivumelwano ezahlukene zinezinqubo ezahlukene zezitifiketi zokukhokha. Ukusebenzisa ifomu engalungile kungadala ukudideka nokubambezeleka.
Ukukhula kwezingxabano, Isivumelwano ngasinye sinezindlela ezahlukene zokuxazulula izingxabano. Ezinye ziphikisana kakhulu, ezinye zibambisana kakhulu.
Ukwabiwa kwengozi okungalungile, Izivumelwano zabela ubungozi ngendlela ehlukene. Ukusebenzisa isivumelwano esingahambelani nohlobo lwephrojekthi yakho kungakushiya usengcupheni.
Izinkinga zokuthobela imithetho, Amaphrojekthi kahulumeni avame ukugunyaza amafomu athile ezivumelwano. Ukusebenzisa elingalungile kungakhipha isicelo sakho kuthenda.

ENingizimu Afrika, ukukhetha isivumelwano akusona nje ukuthanda, kuvame ukunqunywa uhlobo lwephrojekthi, umkhakha weklayenti, kanye nezidingo zomthetho. Ukuqonda lezi zithiyo kukusiza ukhethe isivumelwano esifanele futhi usiphathe ngempumelelo.

Uvazi Bezivumelwano Zokwakha zaseNingizimu Afrika

Ngaphambi kokungena ekuqhathaniseni, nansi incazelo esheshayo yamasethi ngamunye ezivumelwano nokuthi asetshenziswa kuphi emakethe yaseNingizimu Afrika.

I-JBCC: Izinga Lomkhakha Ozimele

Isethi ye-Joint Building Contracts Committee (JBCC) yisona sivumelwano esisetshenziswa kakhulu emkhakheni ozimele waseNingizimu Afrika. Yakhelwe imisebenzi yokwakha, izindlu zokuhlala, ukwakhiwa kwezentengiselwano nezimboni, futhi ithandwa abathuthukisi bezakhiwo, amakhasimende azimele, kanye nosonkontileka abasebenza emaphrojekthini azimele.

Izivumelwano ezibalulekile ze-JBCC:

Principal Building Agreement (PBA): isivumelwano esiyinhloko sokwakha, esenzelwe amaphrojekthi ayinkimbinkimbi athatha izinyanga ezingaphezu kweziyisishiyagalolunye noma anemali yesivumelwano engaphezu kwezigidi ezingu-R5 million
Minor Works Agreement: isivumelwano esilula samaphrojekthi alula angadluli ezinyangeni eziyisishiyagalolunye futhi angadluli kuzigidi ezingu-R5 million
Nominated/Selected Subcontract Agreement, Sokuphatha osonkontileka bangaphansi emaphrojekthini e-JBCC

Lapho i-JBCC isetshenziswa khona:

Izinthuthuko zokuhlala ezizimele
Amaphrojekthi okwakha ezentengiselwano
Ukwakhiwa kwezimboni
Amaphrojekthi okuthuthukiswa kwezakhiwo
Ingqalasizinda yomkhakha ozimele (lapho kungagunyaziwe ngenye indlela)

Isabelo semakethe: I-JBCC ibusa imisebenzi yokwakha yomkhakha ozimele, ngesabelo semakethe esilinganiselwa ku-60–70% emaphrojekthini okwakha azimele.

I-NEC: Izinga Lomkhakha Kahulumeni Nezobunjiniyela

Isethi ye-New Engineering Contract (NEC) iya ngokuya ithandwa emkhakheni kahulumeni waseNingizimu Afrika naseamaphrojekthini ezobunjiniyela. Yaqale yasungulwa e-UK, i-NEC4 isithathwe amaparastathali amakhulu aseNingizimu Afrika kanye namametro emisebenzini yengqalasizinda nobunjiniyela.

Izivumelwano ezibalulekile ze-NEC:

NEC4 Engineering and Construction Contract (ECC), Isivumelwano esiyinhloko semisebenzi yobunjiniyela nokwakha
NEC4 Professional Services Contract (PSC), Sabeluleki nezinsizakalo zochwepheshe
NEC4 Term Service Contract, Semisebenzi eqhubekayo yokugcina kanye nezinsizakalo

Lapho i-NEC isetshenziswa khona:

Amaphrojekthi omgwaqo e-SANRAL
Ingqalasizinda kagesi ka-Eskom
Amaphrojekthi ezitimela namachweba e-Transnet
Amaphrojekthi engqalasizinda yamametro (iDolobha laseKapa, iDolobha laseGoli)
Ingqalasizinda yamanzi (iRand Water, ohulumeni bendawo)
Amaphrojekthi ezobunjiniyela adinga ukusebenza ngokubambisana

Isabelo semakethe: I-NEC ikhula ngokushesha emkhakheni kahulumeni, ikakhulukazi emaphrojekthini engqalasizinda nobunjiniyela. Kulinganiselwa ukuthi imele u-20–30% wezivumelwano zomkhakha kahulumeni.

I-GCC: Izinga Likahulumeni

I-General Conditions of Contract for Construction Works (GCC) igunyaziwe emaphrojekthini amaningi emnyango kahulumeni eNingizimu Afrika. Ishicilelwa yi-South African Institution of Civil Engineering (SAICE) futhi iyadingeka emaphrojekthini awela ngaphansi kwemithetho ye-CIDB.

Izivumelwano ezibalulekile ze-GCC:

GCC 2015, Uhlobo lwamanje lwemisebenzi yokwakha
GCC for Engineering and Construction Works, Samaphrojekthi ezobunjiniyela
GCC for Small Works, Uhlobo olulula lwamaphrojekthi amancane

Lapho i-GCC isetshenziswa khona:

Amaphrojekthi omnyango kahulumeni kazwelonke
Imisebenzi kahulumeni wesifundazwe
Amaphrojekthi kamasipala (lapho kungasetshenziswa i-NEC khona)
Ukwakhiwa komkhakha kahulumeni okugunyaziwe yi-CIDB
Amaphrojekthi endabuko wokulinganisa nokulinganisa inani

Isabelo semakethe: I-GCC isabusa emaphrojekthini omnyango kahulumeni, imele cishe u-40–50% wezivumelwano zomkhakha kahulumeni, nokho i-NEC iyaqhubeka izuza indawo.

Ukuqhathanisa Okuningiliziwe: I-JBCC vs NEC vs GCC

Ukuqonda umehluko phakathi kwalezi zivumelwano kukusiza ukhethe elifanele futhi ulilawule ngempumelelo. Nansi ukuqhathaniswa okuhlangene kwezici ezibalulekile.

Izindlela Zokukhokha

Inqubo Yokukhokha ye-JBCC:

I-JBCC isebenzisa uhlelo lwendabuko lwesitifiketi sokukhokha esikhashana. Umenzeli oyinhloko (umklami wezakhiwo noma umlinganisi wezimali) ukhipha izitifiketi zokukhokha ezikhashana njalo ngenyanga, egunyaza umsebenzi owenziwe kuze kube manje. Ukukhokha kuvame ukuba:

Kukhishwa njalo ngenyanga ngokusekelwe emsebenzini owenziwe
Kuhlanganisa igugu elibanjwe (retention) (ngokuvamile u-5–10%)
Kubale izinguquko nokulungiswa
Kukhokhwe phakathi kwezinsuku eziyi-14–21 ngemuva kokukhishwa kwesitifiketi

Uhlelo lokukhokha lwe-JBCC lulula, kodwa lungaba lulusizi uma izitifiketi zingakhishwa ngesikhathi. Osonkontileka bancika ekukhishweni kwesitifiketi ngesikhathi ukuze bathole imali ehambayo.

Inqubo Yokukhokha ye-NEC:

I-NEC isebenzisa uhlelo lokukhokha olusekelwe emisebenzini noma olusekelwe kwizindleko ezinqunyiwe (target cost), kuye ngokuthi yisiphi isinqumo sesivumelwano esikhethiwe. Ukukhokha kuvame ukuba:

Kususelwa emisebenzini eqediwe noma emaphesenteni ezindleko ezinqunyiwe
Kuhlanganisa uhlelo lwesixwayiso sokuqala (early warning) semaphutha ezindleko ezingase zenzeke
Imijikelezo yokukhokha evama kakhulu (ngokuvamile njalo emavikini amabili)
Indlela yokubambisana enengozi eyabiwe ndawonye

Uhlelo lokukhokha lwe-NEC lwenzelwe ukuba lube lushesha kanti futhi lubambisane kakhudlwana, ngezinhlelo zesixwayiso sokuqala ezisiza ukuvimbela izingxabano ngaphambi kokuba zikhule.

Inqubo Yokukhokha ye-GCC:

I-GCC isebenzisa uhlelo lwendabuko lokulinganisa nokulinganisa inani, olufana ne-JBCC kodwa nemehluko ethile:

Izitifiketi zokukhokha zenyanga ngayinye ngokusekelwe emsebenzini olinganisiwe
Igugu elibanjwe ngokuvamile u-5–10%
Ukukhokha phakathi kwezinsuku ezingu-30 ngemuva kwesitifiketi (isikhathi eside kune-JBCC)
Inqubo yokulinganisa esemthethweni kakhudlwana

Ukukhokha kwe-GCC kungahamba kancane ngenxa yezidingo zokulinganisa ezisemthethweni kanye nezikhathi zokukhokha ezinde.

Ukwabiwa Kwengozi

Ukwabiwa Kwengozi kwe-JBCC:

I-JBCC ilandela imodeli yendabuko yokwabiwa kwengozi:

Ingozi yomqashwa: Ubuciko bomsebenzi, izinsimbi, ukubambezeleka kwesikhathi (ngaphandle uma kuvunyelwe), ukwedlulela kwezindleko
Ingozi yeklayenti: Amaphutha wokuklama (uma iklayenti linikeza umklamo), izigameko ezingaphandle kwamandla omuntu (force majeure), izimo zomhlabathi (uma zingavezwanga)
Ingozi eyabiwe ndawonye: Izinguquko, ukubambezeleka okubangelwa yiklayenti noma umenzeli

I-JBCC ilinganisiwe ngokuvamile, kodwa ingaphikisana uma kuvela izingxabano, njengoba ukwabiwa kwengozi kuvame ukuchazwa ngokuqinile.

Ukwabiwa Kwengozi kwe-NEC:

I-NEC isebenzisa indlela yokubambisana yokwabelana ngengozi:

Uhlelo lwesixwayiso sokuqala, Uhlangothi ngalunye kumele lazise ngezinkinga ezingase zibe khona
Izigameko zesinxephezelo (compensation events), Izigameko ezichaziwe ezidala ukulungiswa kwesikhathi nezindleko
Ingozi eyabiwe ndawonye, Ugcizelelo olwengeziwe ekuxazululeni izinkinga ngokubambisana
Ukusobala, Ukuxhumana nokwabelana ngengozi okuvulekile kakhudlwana

I-NEC yakhelwe ukunciphisa izingxabano ngesixwayiso sokuqala nokusebenza ngokubambisana, nakuba idinga ukuphathwa kwesivumelwano okusebenzayo kakhudlwana.

Ukwabiwa Kwengozi kwe-GCC:

I-GCC ilandela imodeli yendabuko, esindwa kumqashwa:

Ingozi yomqashwa: Iningi lezingozi zephrojekthi, okuhlanganisa izimo zomhlabathi, ukubambezeleka kwesimo sezulu, ukwedlulela kwezindleko
Ingozi yeklayenti: Kulinganiselwe, ikakhulukazi amaphutha wokuklama nezigameko ezingaphandle kwamandla omuntu
Inqubo esemthethweni, Ukuchazwa okuqinile kwemigomo yesivumelwano

I-GCC ivame ukwabela ingozi eningi kumqashwa, okungenza kube nzima kubaqashwa, kodwa kunikeza ukuqiniseka okwengeziwe emakhasimendeni.

Ukuxazululwa Kwezingxabano

Ukuxazululwa Kwezingxabano kwe-JBCC:

I-JBCC isebenzisa inqubo yendabuko yokuxazulula izingxabano:

Isinqumo Somenzeli Oyinhloko, Isinqumo sokuqala esithathwa umenzeli oyinhloko
Ukwahlulela (adjudication), Kungadluliselwa ekwahluleleni ezingxabanweni
Ukuxoxisana (arbitration), Ukuxazululwa kokugcina ngokuxoxisana
Ukumangalelana enkantolo, Kungaya ezinkantolo uma ukuxoxisana kungaphumeleli

Le nqubo ingahamba kancane futhi iphikisane, kanti izingxabano zivame ukukhula zize ziye ekuxoxisaneni noma ekumangalelaneni enkantolo.

Ukuxazululwa Kwezingxabano kwe-NEC:

I-NEC inenqubo ehlelekile kakhudlwana yokuxazulula izingxabano:

Isixwayiso sokuqala, Izinkinga zibonwa kusenesikhathi ngohlelo lwesixwayiso
Isinqumo soMphathi Wephrojekthi, Isinqumo sokuqala esithathwa umphathi wephrojekthi
Ukwahlulela, Izingxabano zidluliselwa ekwahluleleni (okusheshayo kune-arbitration)
Ukuxoxisana/Ukumangalelana enkantolo, Ukuxazululwa kokugcina uma kudingeka

Uhlelo lwesixwayiso sokuqala lwe-NEC lusiza ukuvimbela izingxabano, kanti ukwahlulela kuvame ukusheshisa kune-arbitration.

Ukuxazululwa Kwezingxabano kwe-GCC:

I-GCC isebenzisa inqubo esemthethweni yokuxazulula izingxabano:

Isinqumo soNjiniyela, Isinqumo sokuqala esithathwa unjiniyela
Ibhodi Lokwahlulela Izingxabano (DAB), Kungasetshenziswa i-DAB ezingxabanweni
Ukuxoxisana, Ukuxazululwa kokugcina ngokuxoxisana
Ukumangalelana enkantolo, Kungaya ezinkantolo

Inqubo ye-GCC isemthethweni futhi ingahamba kancane, kanti izingxabano zivame ukudinga ukuxoxisana.

Izimo Ezivamile Zokusetshenziswa

I-JBCC Ingcono Kakhulu Ku:

Izinthuthuko zokuhlala ezizimele
Amaphrojekthi okwakha ezentengiselwano
Ukuthuthukiswa kwezakhiwo (kusukela ekufundisiseni kuze kube sekunikelweni)
Amaphrojekthi lapho iklayenti lifuna isivumelwano sendabuko esiqondakala kahle
Imisebenzi yokwakha (hhayi ubunjiniyela/ingqalasizinda)
Amaphrojekthi anesikopo esicacile nezinguquko ezilinganiselwe ezilindelekile

I-NEC Ingcono Kakhulu Ku:

Amaphrojekthi engqalasizinda yomkhakha kahulumeni
Imisebenzi yobunjiniyela (imigwaqo, amabhuloho, ingqalasizinda yamanzi)
Amaphrojekthi adinga ukusebenza ngokubambisana
Amaphrojekthi ayinkimbinkimbi anamathuba amaningi ezinguquko
Amaphrojekthi lapho isixwayiso sokuqala nokuphathwa kwengozi kuyizinto ezibalulekile
Amaphrojekthi engqalasizinda yamaparastathali namametro

I-GCC Ingcono Kakhulu Ku:

Amaphrojekthi omnyango kahulumeni (agunyaziwe)
Amaphrojekthi endabuko wokulinganisa nokulinganisa inani
Amaphrojekthi lapho kudingeka indlela esemthethweni yendabuko
Imisebenzi yomkhakha kahulumeni egunyaziwe yi-CIDB
Amaphrojekthi anesikopo esicacile nobuncane benkimbinkimbi
Ingqalasizinda kahulumeni lapho i-GCC ichazwe khona

Izinhlobo Zamaphrojekthi

Izinhlobo Zamaphrojekthi e-JBCC:

Izindlu zokuhlala nemikhandlu
Izakhiwo zamahhovisi ezentengiselwano
Izikhungo zokudayisa
Izimboni zamaphakethe
Amaphrojekthi okuthuthukiswa kwezakhiwo
Ukuvuselelwa kwezakhiwo nokulungiswa

Izinhlobo Zamaphrojekthi e-NEC:

Ukwakhiwa nokuthuthukiswa kwemigwaqo
Ukwakhiwa kwamabhuloho
Ingqalasizinda yamanzi nendle
Ingqalasizinda kagesi
Ingqalasizinda yezitimela
Ingqalasizinda yamachweba
Amaphrojekthi ezobunjiniyela adinga ukubambisana

Izinhlobo Zamaphrojekthi e-GCC:

Amaphrojekthi okwakha kahulumeni
Ingqalasizinda kamasipala
Ingqalasizinda yesifundazwe
Amaphrojekthi omnyango kazwelonke
Imisebenzi yokwakha yendabuko
Amaphrojekthi omkhakha kahulumeni agunyaziwe yi-CIDB

Ithebula Lokuqhathanisa: I-JBCC vs NEC vs GCC

Isici	JBCC	NEC	GCC
Ukusetshenziswa Okuyinhloko	Imisebenzi yokwakha yomkhakha ozimele	Ubunjiniyela/ingqalasizinda yomkhakha kahulumeni	Amaphrojekthi omnyango kahulumeni
Isabelo Semakethe	60–70% umkhakha ozimele	20–30% umkhakha kahulumeni	40–50% umkhakha kahulumeni
Ukukhishwa Kokukhokha	Izitifiketi zenyanga	Emavikini amabili (ngokuvamile)	Izitifiketi zenyanga
Izikhathi Zokukhokha	Izinsuku eziyi-14–21	Kuyahluka ngokwesinqumo	Izinsuku ezingu-30
Isisekelo Sokukhokha	Umsebenzi oqediwe (inani eliphelele)	Imisebenzi/izindleko ezinqunyiwe	Ukulinganisa nokulinganisa inani
Igugu Elibanjwe	Ngokuvamile u-5–10%	Kuyahluka ngokwesinqumo	Ngokuvamile u-5–10%
Ukwabiwa Kwengozi	Kulinganisiwe, kwendabuko	Okubambisana/okwabiwe ndawonye	Okusindwa kumqashwa
Ukuxazululwa Kwezingxabano	Ukwahlulela → Ukuxoxisana	Isixwayiso sokuqala → Ukwahlulela	DAB → Ukuxoxisana
Inqubo Yezinguquko	Imiyalelo esemthethweni yezinguquko	Izigameko zesinxephezelo	Imiyalelo esemthethweni yezinguquko
Uhlelo Lwesixwayiso Sokuqala	Cha	Yebo (kuyadingeka)	Cha
Indlela Yokubambisana	Kulinganisiwe	Phezulu	Phansi
Ubunkimbinkimbi	Kulinganisiwe	Phezulu	Kulinganisiwe
Inani Lephrojekthi Elivamile	R500K – R100M+	R10M – R1B+	R1M – R500M+
Ingcono Kakhulu Ku	Amaphrojekthi okwakha azimele	Ingqalasizinda/ubunjiniyela yomkhakha kahulumeni	Imisebenzi yomnyango kahulumeni
Ukuphathwa Kwesivumelwano	Umenzeli Oyinhloko	Umphathi Wephrojekthi	Unjiniyela
Ukwelulwa Kwesikhathi	Ukubambezeleka okuvunyelwe	Izigameko zesinxephezelo	Izicelo zokwelulwa kwesikhathi

Ukusebenzisa Yiphi Isivumelwano Nini

Sebenzisa i-JBCC Uma:

Usebenza emkhakheni ozimele, I-JBCC iyizinga lemisebenzi yokwakha yomkhakha ozimele
Iphrojekthi yakho iyiphrojekthi yokwakha, Izindlu zokuhlala, ezentengiselwano, noma ezimboni
Ufuna isivumelwano esiqondakala kahle, I-JBCC yaziwa kubona bonke osonkontileka baseNingizimu Afrika
Iklayenti lakho lithanda indlela yendabuko, Amakhasimende amaningi azimele akhululekile ne-JBCC
Wenza ukuthuthukiswa kwezakhiwo, I-JBCC isebenza kahle emaphrojekthini okuthuthukisa
Isikopo sephrojekthi sicace ngokwanele, I-JBCC isebenza kahle kakhulu uma izinguquko zilinganiselwe

Amaphrojekthi Esibonelo: Ukuthuthukiswa kwesigodi sokuhlala, isakhiwo samahhovisi ezentengiselwano, isikhungo sokudayisa, ukwakhiwa kwephakethe.

Sebenzisa i-NEC Uma:

Usebenzela amaparastathali noma amametro, I-SANRAL, i-Eskom, i-Transnet, iDolobha laseKapa, neDolobha laseGoli badla ngokugunyaza i-NEC
Iphrojekthi yakho iyingqalasizinda noma ubunjiniyela, Imigwaqo, amabhuloho, ingqalasizinda yamanzi, amaphrojekthi kagesi
Udinga ukusebenza ngokubambisana, Uhlelo lwesixwayiso sokuqala lwe-NEC lukhuthaza ukubambisana
Iphrojekthi yakho inamathuba amaningi ezinguquko, I-NEC iphatha izinguquko ngezigameko zesinxephezelo
Ufuna ukukhokha okusheshayo, Imijikelezo yokukhokha ye-NEC ivame ukuvama kakhulu
Ukuphathwa kwengozi kuyinto ebalulekile, Uhlelo lwesixwayiso sokuqala lwe-NEC lusiza ukuphatha ingozi ngokuzimisela

Amaphrojekthi Esibonelo: Ukuthuthukiswa komgwaqo we-SANRAL, isiteshi sika-Eskom, ingqalasizinda yamanzi yamametro, ingqalasizinda yezitimela.

Sebenzisa i-GCC Uma:

Usebenzela iminyango kahulumeni, I-GCC ivame ukugunyazwa emaphrojekthini kahulumeni kazwelonke/wesifundazwe
Iphrojekthi yakho ilawulwa yi-CIDB, I-GCC iyadingeka emaphrojekthini amaningi e-CIDB
Wenza umsebenzi wendabuko wokulinganisa nokulinganisa inani, I-GCC ihambelana namaphrojekthi endabuko okulinganisa
Iklayenti lakho lichaza i-GCC, Amanye amakhasimende agunyaza i-GCC ukuze kube nokuhambisana
Ukhululekile ngengozi esindwa kumqashwa, I-GCC yabela ingozi eningi kubaqashwa
Kudingeka izinqubo ezisemthethweni, I-GCC inikeza ukuphathwa kwesivumelwano okusemthethweni, okwendabuko

Amaphrojekthi Esibonelo: Iphrojekthi yokwakha kahulumeni, ingqalasizinda kamasipala, imisebenzi yomgwaqo wesifundazwe, ukwakhiwa komnyango kazwelonke.

Izitifiketi Zokukhokha Ngaphansi Kohlobo Ngalunye Lwesivumelwano

Ukuqonda ukuthi izitifiketi zokukhokha zisebenza kanjani ngaphansi kwesivumelwano ngasinye kubalulekile kakhulu kumali ehambayo. Ngezinyathelo ezithinta i-JBCC ngqo, bheka umhlahlandlela wesitifiketi sokukhokha se-JBCC. Ngoshicilelo olubanzi kakhudlwana, bheka izitifiketi zokukhokha zokuqhubeka eNingizimu Afrika. Ngezansi kunendlela uhlelo ngalunye olulawula ngayo ukugunyazwa.

Izitifiketi Zokukhokha ze-JBCC

Inqubo:

Ukulinganisa kwenyanga, Umqashwa ufaka isicelo senyanga sesikhathi somsebenzi oqediwe
Ukuhlolwa Ngumenzeli Oyinhloko, Umenzeli Oyinhloko (umklami noma umlinganisi wezimali) uhlola umsebenzi bese ukhipha Isitifiketi Sokukhokha Esikhashana (IPC)
Okuqukethwe Yisitifiketi, I-IPC ihlanganisa:
- Umsebenzi owenziwe kuze kube manje
- Izinsimbi ezisendaweni
- Ukukhipha igugu elibanjwe (ngokuvamile u-5–10%)
- Ukukhokha kwangaphambili
- Inani lenetha elisadingekile
Ukukhokha, Iklayenti likhokha phakathi kwezinsuku eziyi-14–21 ngemuva kokukhishwa kwesitifiketi
Isitifiketi Sokugcina, Ngemuva kokuqedwa okusebenzayo, kukhishwa Isitifiketi Sokukhokha Sokugcina

Izici Ezibalulekile:

Izitifiketi zikhishwa njalo ngenyanga
Igugu elibanjwe likhululwa ngezigaba (uhhafu ekuqedweni okusebenzayo, uhhafu ekupheleni kwesikhathi sokubambezela amaphutha)
Izinguquko zifakwa ezitifiketini uma sezivunyiwe
Izikhathi zokukhokha: izinsuku eziyi-14–21 kusukela ekukhishweni kwesitifiketi

Izinselele:

Ukubambezeleka uma Umenzeli Oyinhloko engakhishi izitifiketi ngesikhathi
Izingxabano ngokulinganisa zingabambezela ukukhokha
Igugu elibanjwe lingabopha imali ehambayo ebalulekile

Izitifiketi Zokukhokha ze-NEC

Inqubo:

Ukuqedwa Komsebenzi, Umqashwa uqeda imisebenzi (noma ufinyelela izigaba zezindleko ezinqunyiwe)
Ukuhlolwa Ngumphathi Wephrojekthi, Umphathi Wephrojekthi uhlola umsebenzi oqediwe
Isitifiketi Sokukhokha, Umphathi Wephrojekthi ukhipha isitifiketi sokukhokha (ngokuvamile njalo emavikini amabili)
Okuqukethwe Yisitifiketi, Kuhlanganisa:
- Inani lemisebenzi eqediwe
- Iphesenti lezindleko ezinqunyiwe (uma kuyi-Option C/D)
- Igugu elibanjwe (uma kusebenza)
- Ukukhokha kwangaphambili
- Inani lenetha elisadingekile
Ukukhokha, Iklayenti likhokha phakathi kwesikhathi sokukhokha esichazwe esivumelwaneni
I-Akhawunti Yokugcina, I-akhawunti yokugcina ilungiswa ngemuva kokuqedwa

Izici Ezibalulekile:

Imijikelezo yokukhokha evama kakhulu (ngokuvamile njalo emavikini amabili)
Isisekelo esisekelwe emisebenzini noma ezindlekweni ezinqunyiwe
Uhlelo lwesixwayiso sokuqala lusiza ukuvimbela izingxabano zokukhokha
Indlela yokubambisana inciphisa ukubambezeleka

Izinselele:

Kunzima kakhudlwana ukuphatha (kudinga ukulandelela imisebenzi)
Kudinga ukuzibandakanya okusebenzayo koMphathi Wephrojekthi
Izinketho zezindleko ezinqunyiwe zidinga ukulandelela izindleko

Izitifiketi Zokukhokha ze-GCC

Inqubo:

Ukulinganisa Kwenyanga, Unjiniyela ulinganisa umsebenzi owenziwe phakathi nenyanga
Isitifiketi Sikanjiniyela, Unjiniyela ukhipha isitifiketi sokukhokha senyanga
Okuqukethwe Yisitifiketi, Kuhlanganisa:
- Inani lomsebenzi olinganisiwe
- Izinsimbi ezisendaweni
- Ukukhipha igugu elibanjwe (ngokuvamile u-5–10%)
- Ukukhokha kwangaphambili
- Inani lenetha elisadingekile
Ukukhokha, Iklayenti likhokha phakathi kwezinsuku ezingu-30 ngemuva kokukhishwa kwesitifiketi
Isitifiketi Sokugcina, Ngemuva kokuqedwa, kukhishwa Isitifiketi Sokukhokha Sokugcina

Izici Ezibalulekile:

Inqubo yokulinganisa esemthethweni
Izitifiketi zenyanga
Igugu elibanjwe likhululwa ngezigaba
Izikhathi zokukhokha: izinsuku ezingu-30 (isikhathi eside kune-JBCC)

Izinselele:

Izikhathi zokukhokha ezihamba kancane (izinsuku ezingu-30)
Ukulinganisa okusemthethweni kungathatha isikhathi
Izingxabano ngokulinganisa zingabambezela ukukhokha

Kungani Amaspredishithi Nezinsiza Ezingaxhumene Zingasebenzi Kahle

Ukuphatha izivumelwano ze-JBCC, i-NEC, ne-GCC ngamaspredishithi kanye nesofthiwe yezimali evamile kudala ingozi engagwemekayo. Isivumelwano ngasinye sinemakhi ehlukene yesitifiketi, izikhathi zokukhokha, kanye nemithetho yezinguquko noma yezigameko zesinxephezelo. Ukuphatha amaphrojekthi amaningi ezinhlobo ezahlukene zezivumelwano ku-Excel kuholela emaphutheni omfomula, izinsuku zokukhululwa kwegugu elibanjwe ezingamiswe, kanye nezitifiketi ezingahambisani nezidingo zesivumelwano. Amapulatifomu okwakha aseMelika noma aseYurophu kavamile ukusekela amafomu esivumelwano ase-SA ngokwemvelo; acabangela izinhlaka zokukhokha namagama ahlukile. Kwabaqashwa nabathuthukisi abasebenza kokubili emisebenzini ezimele (JBCC) neyomphakathi (NEC noma GCC), ipulatifomu eyodwa eqonda zonke izinhlobo ezintathu zesivumelwano inciphisa amaphutha futhi igcina imali ehambayo ibonakala.

Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa

Ngingasebenzisa i-JBCC ephrojekthini yomkhakha kahulumeni?

Ngokuvamile, cha. Amaphrojekthi omkhakha kahulumeni avame ukugunyaza noma i-NEC (yamaparastathali namametro) noma i-GCC (yeminyango kahulumeni). Nokho, amanye amaphrojekthi amancane omkhakha kahulumeni noma amaphrojekthi anezidingo ezithile angase avumele i-JBCC. Bheka njalo amadokhumenti ethenda, azochaza ifomu yesivumelwano edingekayo.

Yini umehluko phakathi kwe-Principal Building Agreement ne-Minor Works Agreement ye-JBCC?

I-Principal Building Agreement (PBA) yisona sivumelwano esigcwele se-JBCC, esenzelwe amaphrojekthi ayinkimbinkimbi athatha izinyanga ezingaphezu kweziyisishiyagalolunye noma anemali yesivumelwano engaphezu kwezigidi ezingu-R5 million. Ihlanganisa imigomo ebanzi yezinguquko, ukwelulwa kwesikhathi, kanye nokuxazululwa kwezingxabano. I-Minor Works Agreement iwuhlobo olulula lwamaphrojekthi alula angadluli ezinyangeni eziyisishiyagalolunye futhi angadluli kuzigidi ezingu-R5 million, nezinqubo ezishisisiwe, ngaphandle kwesibopho sokuklama komqashwa, futhi ngaphandle kosonkontileka abakhethiwe noma abaqokiwe.

Kungani amaparastathali athanda i-NEC kune-GCC?

Amaparastathali njenge-SANRAL, i-Eskom, ne-Transnet athanda i-NEC ngoba:

Indlela yokubambisana, Uhlelo lwesixwayiso sokuqala lwe-NEC lukhuthaza ukubambisana futhi lunciphisa izingxabano
Ukuphathwa kwengozi okungcono, Uhlelo lwesixwayiso sokuqala lusiza ukubona nokuphatha izingozi ngokuzimisela
Ukukhokha okusheshayo, Imijikelezo yokukhokha evama kakhulu ithuthukisa imali ehambayo yomqashwa
Izinga lomhlaba wonke, I-NEC isetshenziswa emhlabeni wonke, inikeza ukuhambisana kosonkontileka bamazwe angaphandle
Ukuguquguquka, I-NEC inikeza izinketho ezimbalwa zesivumelwano (inani eliphelele, izindleko ezinqunyiwe, izindleko ezikhokhelwayo) ezihambisana nezinhlobo ezahlukene zamaphrojekthi

Ngingashintsha amafomu esivumelwano phakathi nephrojekthi?

Cha. Uma isivumelwano sesisayiniwe, ubophekile kuleyo fomu yesivumelwano kuze kube sekupheleni kwephrojekthi. Ukushintsha amafomu esivumelwano phakathi nephrojekthi kuzodinga ukuqeda isivumelwano esikhona bese kungenwa kwesisha, okuyinto engavamile ukuba nengqondo noma icetshiswa. Khetha ifomu yakho yesivumelwano ngokucophelela ekuqaleni kwephrojekthi.

Ngingazi kanjani ukuthi yiliphi ifomu yesivumelwano okufanele ngilisebenzise?

Ifomu yesivumelwano ivame ukuchazwa emadokhumentini ethenda noma emcabango wephrojekthi. Emsebenzini wokwakha womkhakha ozimele, i-JBCC iyizinga; engqalasizindeni yomkhakha kahulumeni, bheka ukuthi iklayenti ligunyaza i-NEC noma i-GCC. Uma ungaqiniseki, buza ummeli womthetho wokwakha noma umlinganisi wezimali owaziyo ngamafomu ezivumelwano aseNingizimu Afrika.

Kwenzekani uma ngisebenzisa ifomu yesivumelwano engalungile?

Ukusebenzisa ifomu yesivumelwano engalungile kungaba nemiphumela ekhulu:

Ukukhishwa kuthenda, Amathenda omkhakha kahulumeni avame ukukhipha izicelo ezingasebenzisi ifomu yesivumelwano echaziwe
Ukubambezeleka kokukhokha, Ifomu yesivumelwano engalungile ingadala ukudideka nokubambezeleka kokukhokha
Izingozi zezingxabano, Amafomu esivumelwano abela ingozi ngendlela ehlukile; ukusebenzisa elingalungile kungakushiya usengcupheni
Izinkinga zokuthobela imithetho, Amanye amaphrojekthi adinga ngokomthetho amafomu athile ezivumelwano (isb. amaphrojekthi e-CIDB)

Sebenzisa njalo ifomu yesivumelwano echazwe emadokhumentini ethenda noma esivumelwaneni sephrojekthi.

Ingabe i-Wakha isekela zonke izinhlobo ezintathu zesivumelwano?

Yebo. I-Wakha isekela ukwakhiwa kwezitifiketi zokukhokha ze-JBCC, i-NEC, ne-GCC, ukuphathwa kwezinguquko, kanye nezinqubo zokuphathwa kwesivumelwano kuhlelo olulodwa, nemakhi yezitifiketi ehambelana nesivumelwano ngasinye.

Isiphetho

Ukukhetha ifomu yesivumelwano efanele, i-JBCC vs NEC vs GCC, kubalulekile ekulethweni kwephrojekthi eNingizimu Afrika. I-JBCC ibusa imisebenzi yokwakha yomkhakha ozimele; i-NEC ikhula engqalasizindeni yomkhakha kahulumeni nasebunjiniyeleni; i-GCC isahlala iyizinga lemisebenzi yomnyango kahulumeni negunyaziwe yi-CIDB. Ngasinye sabela ingozi nezinqubo zokukhokha ngendlela ehlukile. Ukufanisa isivumelwano nephrojekthi neklayenti kugwema ukubambezeleka kokukhokha, izingxabano, kanye nokukhishwa kuthenda.

Phatha izitifiketi zokukhokha, igugu elibanjwe, kanye nezinguquko ze-JBCC, i-NEC, ne-GCC kusuka kwipulatifomu eyodwa eyakhelwe ukwakha kwaseNingizimu Afrika. Bona ukuthi i-Wakha isekela kanjani zonke izinhlobo ezintathu zesivumelwano.

Izihloko Ezihlobene

Izihloko Ezihlobene:

Izinhlobo Ezivamile Zezivumelwano Zemisebenzi Yomgwaqo Wobunjiniyela base-SA