Izinhlobo Zezinkontileka Zokwakha eNingizimu Afrika | JBCC, NEC, GCC

Ukusebenzisa uhlobo olungafanele lwenkontileka yokwakha eNingizimu Afrika kungakwenza uthenda lwakho ludonswe ngaphandle, kubambezele izinkokhelo, noma kukushiye uthwele ubungozi inkontileka eyayingaklanyelwe ukuba yabelwe kuwe. Amakhasimende omkhakha kahulumeni agunyaza i-GCC noma i-NEC; ukwakha komkhakha wangasese kusebenza nge-JBCC. Ukungahambisani kuholela ezingxabanweni, ekucindezelekeni kwe-cash flow, nasebungozini bokungalandeli imigomo.

Amasethi amane ayinhloko ezinkontileka abusa emakethe: i-JBCC (Joint Building Contracts Committee) yemisebenzi yokwakha yomkhakha wangasese, i-NEC (New Engineering Contract) yengqalasizinda nobunjiniyela bomkhakha kahulumeni, i-GCC (General Conditions of Contract) yamaphrojekthi eminyango kahulumeni, kanye ne-FIDIC yomsebenzi wamazwe ngamazwe. Ngayinye iphatha izitifiketi zokukhokha, ama-variation, nokwabiwa kobungozi ngendlela ehlukile. Lo mhlahlandlela uchaza uhlobo ngalunye lwenkontileka yokwakha eNingizimu Afrika, ukuthi lusetshenziswa nini, nokuthi luphathwa kanjani ngendlela ephumelelayo.

Uhlolojikelele Lwemvelo Yezinkontileka Zokwakha eNingizimu Afrika

Imvelo yezinkontileka zokwakha eNingizimu Afrika ibunjwa izidingo zomkhakha, okuthandwa amakhasimende, kanye nemiyalelo yomthetho. Ukuqonda le mvelo kukusiza ukhethe inkontileka efanele futhi uyiphathe kahle.

Isabelo Semakethe Ngokohlobo Lwenkontileka

JBCC: Ibusa emisebenzini yokwakha yomkhakha wangasese, cishe ngu-60–70% wesabelo semakethe ekwakheni komkhakha wangasese
NEC: Ikhula ngokushesha emkhakheni kahulumeni, ikakhulukazi engqalasizindeni nobunjiniyela, cishe ngu-20–30% wezinkontileka zomkhakha kahulumeni
GCC: Ihlala iyizinga elivamile emaphrojekthini eminyango kahulumeni, cishe ngu-40–50% wezinkontileka zomkhakha kahulumeni
FIDIC: Isetshenziswa kakhulu emaphrojekthini wamazwe ngamazwe nasemsebenzini owela imingcele, inesabelo semakethe esincane

Okuthandwa Yimikhakha

Ukwakha komkhakha wangasese: I-JBCC iyizinga
Ingqalasizinda yomkhakha kahulumeni: I-NEC noma i-GCC, kuya ngekhasimende
Iminyango kahulumeni: I-GCC ivamise ukudingwa
Ama-parastatal namametro: Avame ukugunyaza i-NEC
Amaphrojekthi wamazwe ngamazwe: I-FIDIC ijwayelekile

Umthelela Wemithetho

Imithetho ye-CIDB: Amaphrojekthi amaningi omkhakha kahulumeni adinga i-GCC noma i-NEC
Imiyalelo yamakhasimende: Amakhasimende omkhakha kahulumeni avame ukusho ifomu lenkontileka emibhalweni yethenda
Amazinga emboni: I-JBCC, NEC, GCC, ne-FIDIC zonke ziyizinga eliqashelwe embonini

JBCC: Izinga Lomkhakha Wangasese

Isethi ye-Joint Building Contracts Committee (JBCC) iyifomu lenkontileka elisetshenziswa kakhulu emkhakheni wangasese eNingizimu Afrika. Yaklanywe ngokukhethekile ngeyemisebenzi yokwakha, yokuhlala, yezentengiselwano, neyemboni, futhi ithandwa ngabathuthukisi bezakhiwo, amakhasimende azimele, kanye nosonkontileka abasebenza kumaphrojekthi azimele.

Isethi Yezinkontileka ze-JBCC

Isethi ye-JBCC ifaka amafomu amaningana ezinkontileka:

Principal Building Agreement (PBA): inkontileka eyinhloko yemisebenzi yokwakha, eklanyelwe amaphrojekthi anzima athatha isikhathi esingaphezu kwezinyanga eziyisishiyagalolunye noma anesamba senkontileka esingaphezu kuka-R5 million. Ifaka imigomo:

Ama-variation nama-variation order
Izandiso zesikhathi
Izitifiketi zokukhokha nezinkokhelo zesikhashana
Ukuqedwa okuphelele komsebenzi kanye nesibopho sokulungisa amaphutha
Ukuxazululwa kwezingxabano (i-adjudication ne-arbitration)

Minor Works Agreement: inkontileka elula yamaphrojekthi angemikhulu angadluli ezinyangeni eziyisishiyagalolunye futhi angadluli ku-R5 million. Inezinqubo ezimfushane nezidingo ezimbalwa ezisemthethweni, ayifaki ama-subcontractor aqokiwe noma akhethiwe, futhi ifanele:

Amaphrojekthi amancane ezindlu
Ukulungiswa okuncane
Ama-fit-out amancane ezentengiselwano
Amaphrojekthi angadingi ubunzima obugcwele be-PBA

Nominated Subcontract Agreement: Yokuphatha ama-subcontractor aqokiwe ngaphansi kwamaphrojekthi e-JBCC. Ama-subcontractor aqokiwe akhethwa ikhasimende noma i-principal agent, kanti usonkontileka omkhulu uphatha umsebenzi wawo.

Selected Subcontract Agreement: Yokuphatha ama-subcontractor akhethwe usonkontileka kodwa avunywe ikhasimende.

Lapho I-JBCC Isetshenziswa Khona

I-JBCC isetshenziswa kakhulu ku:

Ukuthuthukiswa kwezindlu ezizimele: Izindlu, ama-complex, ama-estate
Amaphrojekthi okwakha ezentengiselwano: Ama-office building, ama-retail centre, ama-warehouse
Ukwakha kwemboni: Amafektri, ama-warehouse, izikhungo zemboni
Amaphrojekthi okuthuthukisa izakhiwo: Amaphrojekthi agcwele kusukela ekuhlolweni kokwenzeka kuya ekunikelweni kwephrojekthi
Ingqalasizinda yomkhakha wangasese: Lapho kungagunyaziwe olunye uhlobo

Inqubo Yokukhokha Ye-JBCC

I-JBCC isebenzisa uhlelo lwendabuko lwesitifiketi sokukhokha sesikhashana:

Ukulinganisa kwenyanga: Usonkontileka ufaka isimangalo sanyanga zonke somsebenzi osewuphelile
Ukuhlolwa yi-Principal Agent: I-Principal Agent (umakhi noma i-quantity surveyor) uhlola umsebenzi bese ukhipha i-Interim Payment Certificate (IPC)
Okuqukethwe esitifiketini: I-IPC ifaka umsebenzi osewuphelile, izinto ezisesayithini, ukuncishiswa kwe-retention (imvamisa u-5–10%), izinkokhelo zangaphambilini, nesamba esikweletwayo
Inkokhelo: Ikhasimende likhokha zingakapheli izinsuku eziyi-14–21 ngemuva kokukhishwa kwesitifiketi
Isitifiketi sokugcina: Ngemuva kokuqedwa okuphelele komsebenzi, kukhishwa i-Final Payment Certificate

Izici eziyinhloko:

Izitifiketi zikhishwa nyanga zonke
I-retention ikhishwa ngezigaba (uhhafu ekuqedweni okuphelele komsebenzi, uhhafu ekupheleni kwesikhathi sesibopho sokulungisa amaphutha)
Ama-variation afakwa ezitifiketini uma esevunyiwe
Imigomo yokukhokha: izinsuku eziyi-14–21 kusukela ekukhishweni kwesitifiketi

Ngemininingwane eyengeziwe ngezitifiketi zokukhokha ze-JBCC, bheka umhlahlandlela wethu we JBCC payment certificate guide.

Ukwabiwa Kobungozi Kwi-JBCC

I-JBCC ilandela imodeli yendabuko yokwabiwa kobungozi:

Ubungozi bukasonkontileka: Umsebenzi, izinto, ukubambezeleka kwesikhathi (ngaphandle uma kuxolelekile), ukweqa kwezindleko
Ubungozi bekhasimende: Amaphutha edizayini (uma ikhasimende linikeza idizayini), i-force majeure, izimo zomhlabathi (uma zingadalulwanga)
Ubungozi obabelwana ngabo: Ama-variation, ukubambezeleka okubangelwa ikhasimende noma i-agent

I-JBCC ilinganiselwe ngokujwayelekile kodwa ingaba yimpikiswano uma kuvela izingxabano, ngoba ukwabiwa kobungozi kuvame ukuhunyushwa ngokuqinile.

Ukuxazululwa Kwezingxabano Kwi-JBCC

I-JBCC isebenzisa inqubo yendabuko yokuxazulula izingxabano:

Isinqumo se-Principal Agent: Isinqumo sokuqala senziwa yi-principal agent
I-Adjudication: Izingxabano zingadluliselwa ku-adjudication
I-Arbitration: Isixazululo sokugcina nge-arbitration
I-Litigation: Kungaqhubekelwa ezinkantolo uma i-arbitration ingaphumeleli

Inqubo ingahamba kancane futhi ibe yimpikiswano, kanti izingxabano zivame ukukhula ziye ku-arbitration noma ku-litigation.

NEC: Izinga Lomkhakha Kahulumeni Nobunjiniyela

Isethi ye-New Engineering Contract (NEC) iya ngokuya iduma emkhakheni kahulumeni eNingizimu Afrika nasemaphrojekthini obunjiniyela. Yasungulwa okokuqala e-UK, i-NEC4 yamukelwa ama-parastatal namametro amakhulu aseNingizimu Afrika emisebenzini yengqalasizinda nobunjiniyela.

Isethi Yezinkontileka ze-NEC

Isethi ye-NEC ifaka amafomu amaningana ezinkontileka:

NEC4 Engineering and Construction Contract (ECC): Inkontileka eyinhloko yemisebenzi yobunjiniyela nokwakha. Inikeza izinketho eziningi zenkontileka:

Option A: Inkontileka enentengo ene-activity schedule
Option B: Inkontileka enentengo ene-bill of quantities
Option C: Inkontileka ye-target cost ene-activity schedule
Option D: Inkontileka ye-target cost ene-bill of quantities
Option E: Inkontileka ye-cost reimbursable
Option F: Inkontileka yokuphatha (management contract)

NEC4 Professional Services Contract (PSC): Yabacebisi nezinsizakalo zobungcweti.

NEC4 Term Service Contract: Yezinkontileka zenkonzo eziqhubekayo nokugcinwa.

Lapho I-NEC Isetshenziswa Khona

I-NEC isetshenziswa kakhulu ku:

Amaphrojekthi emigwaqo ye-SANRAL: Ukwakhiwa nokuthuthukiswa kwemigwaqo kazwelonke neyesifundazwe
Ingqalasizinda yamandla ka-Eskom: Amaphrojekthi okukhiqiza, ukudlulisa, nokusabalalisa amandla
Amaphrojekthi e-Transnet wesitimela namachweba: Ingqalasizinda yesitimela, izikhungo zamachweba, nengqalasizinda ye-logistics
Amaphrojekthi engqalasizinda yama-metro: I-City of Cape Town, i-City of Johannesburg, namanye ama-metro
Ingqalasizinda yamanzi: I-Rand Water, oMasipala, ukwelashwa nokusabalalisa amanzi
Amaphrojekthi obunjiniyela: Amaphrojekthi adinga ukusebenza ngokubambisana nohlelo lwe-early warning

Inqubo Yokukhokha Ye-NEC

I-NEC isebenzisa uhlelo lokukhokha olusekelwe emsebenzini noma ku-target cost, kuya ngenketho yenkontileka ekhethiwe:

Ukuqedwa komsebenzi: Usonkontileka uqedela imisebenzi (noma afinyelele ama-milestone e-target cost)
Ukuhlolwa yi-Project Manager: I-Project Manager uhlola umsebenzi osewuphelile
Isitifiketi sokukhokha: I-Project Manager ukhipha isitifiketi sokukhokha (imvamisa njalo emavikini amabili)
Okuqukethwe esitifiketini: Kufaka inani lemisebenzi eqediwe, iphesenti le-target cost (uma kuyi-Option C/D), i-retention (uma isebenza), izinkokhelo zangaphambilini, nesamba esikweletwayo
Inkokhelo: Ikhasimende likhokha phakathi kwesikhathi sokukhokha esishiwo enkontilekeni
I-akhawunti yokugcina: Ilungiswa ngemuva kokuqedwa

Izici eziyinhloko:

Imijikelezo yokukhokha evamile kakhulu (imvamisa njalo emavikini amabili)
Isisekelo esisekelwe emsebenzini noma ku-target cost
Uhlelo lwe-early warning lusiza ukuvimbela izingxabano zokukhokha
Indlela yokubambisana inciphisa ukubambezeleka

Ukwabiwa Kobungozi Kwi-NEC

I-NEC isebenzisa indlela yokwabelana ngobungozi ngokubambisana kakhulu:

Uhlelo lwe-early warning: Zombili izinhlangothi kumele zazise ngezinkinga ezingase zivele
Ama-compensation event: Izehlakalo ezichaziwe ezibangela ukulungiswa kwesikhathi nezindleko
Ubungozi obabelwana ngabo: Kugxilwa kakhulu ekuxazululeni izinkinga ngokubambisana
Ukusobala: Ukuxhumana okuvulekile nokwabelana ngobungozi

I-NEC yaklanywe ukunciphisa izingxabano nge-early warning nokusebenza ngokubambisana, noma idinga ukuphathwa kwenkontileka okusebenzayo kakhulu.

Ukuxazululwa Kwezingxabano Kwi-NEC

I-NEC inenqubo ehlelekile kakhulu yokuxazulula izingxabano:

I-Early warning: Izinkinga zikhonjwa kusenesikhathi ngohlelo lwezexwayiso
Isinqumo se-Project Manager: Isinqumo sokuqala senziwa yi-project manager
I-Adjudication: Izingxabano zidluliselwa ku-adjudication (ishesha kune-arbitration)
I-Arbitration/Litigation: Isixazululo sokugcina uma sidingeka

Uhlelo lwe-early warning lwe-NEC lusiza ukuvimbela izingxabano, futhi i-adjudication ivamise ukuba shesha kune-arbitration.

GCC: Izinga Likahulumeni

I-General Conditions of Contract for Construction Works (GCC) idingwa kumaphrojekthi amaningi eminyango kahulumeni eNingizimu Afrika. Ishicilelwa yi-South African Institution of Civil Engineering (SAICE) futhi iyadingeka kumaphrojekthi awela ngaphansi kwemithetho ye-CIDB.

Isethi Yezinkontileka ze-GCC

Isethi ye-GCC ifaka:

GCC 2015: Uhlobo lwamanje lwemisebenzi yokwakha, olushicilelwe yi-SAICE.

GCC for Engineering and Construction Works: Yamaphrojekthi obunjiniyela.

GCC for Small Works: Uhlobo olulula lwamaphrojekthi amancane.

Lapho I-GCC Isetshenziswa Khona

I-GCC isetshenziswa kakhulu ku:

Amaphrojekthi eminyango kahulumeni kazwelonke: Amaphrojekthi eminyango kahulumeni kazwelonke
Imisebenzi kahulumeni wesifundazwe: Amaphrojekthi okwakha kahulumeni wesifundazwe
Amaphrojekthi kamasipala: Lapho i-NEC ingasetshenziswa, omasipala abaningi basebenzisa i-GCC
Ukwakha komkhakha kahulumeni okudingwa yi-CIDB: Amaphrojekthi awela ngaphansi kwemithetho ye-CIDB
Amaphrojekthi endabuko e-measure-and-value: Amaphrojekthi asebenzisa ukulinganisa nokulinganisa inani ngendlela yendabuko

Inqubo Yokukhokha Ye-GCC

I-GCC isebenzisa uhlelo lwendabuko lwe-measure-and-value lokukhokha:

Ukulinganisa kwenyanga: Unjiniyela ulinganisa umsebenzi oqediwe phakathi nenyanga
Isitifiketi sonjiniyela: Unjiniyela ukhipha isitifiketi sokukhokha sanyanga zonke
Okuqukethwe esitifiketini: Kufaka inani lomsebenzi olinganisiwe, izinto ezisesayithini, ukuncishiswa kwe-retention (imvamisa u-5–10%), izinkokhelo zangaphambilini, nesamba esikweletwayo
Inkokhelo: Ikhasimende likhokha zingakapheli izinsuku ezingama-30 ngemuva kokukhishwa kwesitifiketi
Isitifiketi sokugcina: Ngemuva kokuqedwa, kukhishwa i-Final Payment Certificate

Izici eziyinhloko:

Inqubo yokulinganisa esemthethweni
Izitifiketi zanyanga zonke
I-retention ikhishwa ngezigaba
Imigomo yokukhokha: izinsuku ezingama-30 (ezinde kune-JBCC)

Ukwabiwa Kobungozi Kwi-GCC

I-GCC ilandela imodeli yendabuko lapho ubungozi obuningi buwela kusonkontileka:

Ubungozi bukasonkontileka: Iningi lobungozi bephrojekthi, kuhlanganisa izimo zomhlabathi, ukubambezeleka okubangelwa isimo sezulu, ukweqa kwezindleko
Ubungozi bekhasimende: Buncane, ikakhulukazi amaphutha edizayini kanye ne-force majeure
Inqubo esemthethweni: Ukuhunyushwa okuqinile kwemigomo yenkontileka

I-GCC ivame ukwabela usonkontileka ubungozi obuningi, okungenza kube nzima kosonkontileka kodwa kunikeza amakhasimende ukuqiniseka okukhulu.

Ukuxazululwa Kwezingxabano Kwi-GCC

I-GCC isebenzisa inqubo esemthethweni yokuxazulula izingxabano:

Isinqumo sonjiniyela: Isinqumo sokuqala senziwa unjiniyela
I-Dispute Adjudication Board: Kungasetshenziswa i-DAB ekuxazululeni izingxabano
I-Arbitration: Isixazululo sokugcina nge-arbitration
I-Litigation: Kungaqhubekelwa ezinkantolo

Inqubo ye-GCC isemthethweni futhi ingahamba kancane, kanti izingxabano zivame ukudinga i-arbitration.

FIDIC: Izinga Lamazwe Ngamazwe

Izinkontileka ze-FIDIC (Fédération Internationale des Ingénieurs-Conseils) zisetshenziswa kakhulu emaphrojekthini wamazwe ngamazwe nasemsebenzini owela imingcele eNingizimu Afrika. Nakuba zingajwayelekile njenge-JBCC, NEC, noma GCC, i-FIDIC ibalulekile kosonkontileka bamazwe ngamazwe namaphrojekthi axhaswa ngezimali zamazwe ngamazwe.

Isethi Yezinkontileka ze-FIDIC

Isethi ye-FIDIC ifaka:

FIDIC Red Book: Conditions of Contract for Construction for Building and Engineering Works Designed by the Employer.

FIDIC Yellow Book: Conditions of Contract for Plant and Design-Build.

FIDIC Silver Book: Conditions of Contract for EPC/Turnkey Projects.

FIDIC Green Book: Short Form of Contract.

Lapho I-FIDIC Isetshenziswa Khona

I-FIDIC isetshenziswa kakhulu ku:

Amaphrojekthi wamazwe ngamazwe: Amaphrojekthi anosonkontileka bamazwe ngamazwe noma uxhaso lwamazwe ngamazwe
Umsebenzi owela imingcele: Amaphrojekthi adlula emazweni amaningi
Uxhaso lwamazwe ngamazwe: Amaphrojekthi axhaswa amabhange entuthuko emhlabeni
Ingqalasizinda emikhulu: Amanye amaphrojekthi amakhulu engqalasizinda akhetha i-FIDIC

Inqubo Yokukhokha Ye-FIDIC

I-FIDIC isebenzisa uhlelo lwendabuko lwezitifiketi zokukhokha olufana ne-GCC:

Izitifiketi zokukhokha zanyanga zonke ezisekelwe emsebenzini olinganisiwe
Unjiniyela ukhipha izitifiketi
Inkokhelo phakathi kwesikhathi esishiwo (imvamisa izinsuku ezingama-56)
I-retention imvamisa u-5–10%

Ukwabiwa Kobungozi Kwi-FIDIC

Ukwabiwa kobungozi ku-FIDIC kuyahluka ngefomu lenkontileka:

Red Book: Ukwabiwa kobungozi obulinganiselayo
Yellow Book: Ubungozi obuningi kusonkontileka (design-build)
Silver Book: Ubungozi obuphezulu kakhulu kusonkontileka (EPC/turnkey)

Ukuxazululwa Kwezingxabano Kwi-FIDIC

I-FIDIC isebenzisa ama-Dispute Adjudication Boards (DAB) kanye ne-arbitration:

Isinqumo sonjiniyela: Isinqumo sokuqala senziwa unjiniyela
I-DAB: Izingxabano zidluliselwa ku-Dispute Adjudication Board
I-Arbitration: Isixazululo sokugcina nge-arbitration

Izivumelwano Zama-Subcontract

Izivumelwano zama-subcontract zisetshenziswa lapho osonkontileka abakhulu bebandakanya ama-subcontractor. Uhlobo lwesivumelwano sama-subcontract luncike ekutheni i-subcontractor ikhethwe kanjani.

Ama-Subcontractor Aqokiwe

Ama-subcontractor aqokiwe akhethwa ikhasimende noma i-principal agent. Usonkontileka omkhulu uphatha umsebenzi wawo kodwa unokulawula okuncane ekukhetheni.

Izici:

Akhethwa ikhasimende/i-principal agent
Usonkontileka omkhulu uphatha umsebenzi
Ikhasimende livame ukukhokha ngqo noma ngokudlulisela kusonkontileka omkhulu
Usonkontileka omkhulu unesibopho esilinganiselwe ekusebenzeni kwama-subcontractor aqokiwe

Kuvamile ku: Amaphrojekthi e-JBCC lapho ikhasimende lifuna abahlinzeki noma ochwepheshe abathile.

Ama-Subcontractor Endawo

Ama-subcontractor endawo akhethwa usonkontileka omkhulu. Usonkontileka omkhulu unokulawula okuphelele ekukhetheni nasekuphatheni.

Izici:

Akhethwa usonkontileka omkhulu
Usonkontileka omkhulu uphatha umsebenzi
Usonkontileka omkhulu ukhokha i-subcontractor
Usonkontileka omkhulu unesibopho esigcwele ekusebenzeni kwe-subcontractor

Kuvamile ku: Zonke izinhlobo zezinkontileka lapho usonkontileka omkhulu ekhetha ama-subcontractor.

Amafomu Ezivumelwano Zama-Subcontract

Izivumelwano zama-subcontract zivame ukuhambisana nefomu lenkontileka enkulu:

JBCC Nominated/Selected Subcontract Agreement: Yamaphrojekthi e-JBCC
NEC Subcontract: Yamaphrojekthi e-NEC
GCC Subcontract: Yamaphrojekthi e-GCC
FIDIC Subcontract: Yamaphrojekthi e-FIDIC

Usaphatha amaphrojekthi ngama-spreadsheet ne-WhatsApp? I-Wakha igcina izincwadi zosuku zesayithi, izabelomali, izitifiketi zokukhokha, nobufakazi bokulandela imithetho kuhlelo olulodwa olwakhelwe abakhi baseNingizimu Afrika — bona ukuboniswa komkhiqizo.

Ithebula Lokuqhathanisa: Izinhlobo Zezinkontileka

Isici	JBCC	NEC	GCC	FIDIC
Ukusetshenziswa Okuyinhloko	Imisebenzi yokwakha yomkhakha wangasese	Ubunjiniyela/ingqalasizinda yomkhakha kahulumeni	Amaphrojekthi eminyango kahulumeni	Amaphrojekthi wamazwe ngamazwe
Isabelo Semakethe	60–70% umkhakha wangasese	20–30% umkhakha kahulumeni	40–50% umkhakha kahulumeni	Sincane (amaphrojekthi wamazwe ngamazwe)
Ukuvama Kwezinkokhelo	Izitifiketi zanyanga zonke	Masonto amabili (imvamisa)	Izitifiketi zanyanga zonke	Izitifiketi zanyanga zonke
Imigomo Yokukhokha	14–21 izinsuku	Kuyahluka ngenketho	30 izinsuku	Imvamisa u-56 wezinsuku
Isisekelo Sokukhokha	Umsebenzi oqediwe (inani eliphelele)	Imisebenzi/i-target cost	Ukulinganisa nenani	Ukulinganisa nenani
I-Retention	5–10% imvamisa	Kuyahluka ngenketho	5–10% imvamisa	5–10% imvamisa
Ukwabiwa Kobungozi	Kulinganisiwe, kwendabuko	Kokubambisana/kwabelene	Bukhulu kusonkontileka	Kuyahluka ngefomu
Ukuxazululwa Kwezingxabano	I-Adjudication → I-Arbitration	I-Early warning → I-Adjudication	I-DAB → I-Arbitration	I-DAB → I-Arbitration
Inqubo Yama-Variation	Ama-variation order asemthethweni	Ama-compensation event	Ama-variation order asemthethweni	Ama-variation order
Uhlelo Lwe-Early Warning	Cha	Yebo (kuyaphoqeleka)	Cha	Cha
Indlela Yokubambisana	Emaphakathi	Ephezulu	Ephansi	Emaphakathi
Ubunzima	Emaphakathi	Ubuphezulu	Emaphakathi	Ubuphezulu
Inani Lephrojekthi Elivamile	R500K – R100M+	R10M – R1B+	R1M – R500M+	R50M – R10B+
Okungcono Kakhulu Kuye	Amaphrojekthi okwakha azimele	Ingqalasizinda/ubunjiniyela komkhakha kahulumeni	Imisebenzi yeminyango kahulumeni	Amaphrojekthi wamazwe ngamazwe
Ukuphathwa Kwenkontileka	I-Principal Agent	I-Project Manager	Unjiniyela	Unjiniyela

Izinto Ezinomthelela Ekukhetheni Uhlobo Lwenkontileka

Kukhona izinto eziningana ezinomthelela ekutheni kusetshenziswe luphi uhlobo lwenkontileka:

Umkhakha Wephrojekthi

Ukwakha komkhakha wangasese: I-JBCC iyizinga
Ingqalasizinda yomkhakha kahulumeni: I-NEC noma i-GCC, kuya ngekhasimende
Iminyango kahulumeni: I-GCC ivamise ukudingwa
Amaphrojekthi wamazwe ngamazwe: I-FIDIC ijwayelekile

Izidingo Zekhasimende

Imiyalelo yekhasimende: Amakhasimende amaningi asho ifomu lenkontileka emibhalweni yethenda
Okuthandwa yikhasimende: Amanye amakhasimende athanda amafomu athile ezinkontileka ngokusekelwe kulwazi
Izidingo zomthetho: Amaphrojekthi athile adinga amafomu athile ngokomthetho

Uhlobo Lwephrojekthi

Imisebenzi yokwakha: I-JBCC ifanele
Ingqalasizinda/ubunjiniyela: I-NEC noma i-GCC ifanele
Amazwe ngamazwe: I-FIDIC ifanele

Ukuzimisela Kobungozi

Ubungozi obulinganiselayo: I-JBCC noma i-FIDIC Red Book
Ukwabelana ngobungozi ngokubambisana: I-NEC
Ikhasimende lifuna ukuqiniseka: I-GCC noma i-FIDIC Silver Book

Okuthandwa Ezinkokhelweni

Izinkokhelo zanyanga zonke zendabuko: I-JBCC, GCC, FIDIC
Izinkokhelo ezivamile kakhulu: I-NEC
Izinkokhelo ezisekelwe emsebenzini: I-NEC

Izindlela Zokukhokha Ngokohlobo Lwenkontileka

Ukuqonda ukuthi izinkokhelo zisebenza kanjani ngaphansi kohlobo ngalunye lwenkontileka kubalulekile ekuphatheni i-cash flow.

Indlela Yokukhokha Ye-JBCC

Izitifiketi zokukhokha zesikhashana zanyanga zonke ezikhishwa yi-Principal Agent
Inkokhelo phakathi kwezinsuku eziyi-14–21 ngemuva kokukhishwa kwesitifiketi
I-retention imvamisa u-5–10%, ikhishwa ngezigaba
Ama-variation afakwa ezitifiketini uma esevunyiwe

Ngemininingwane eyengeziwe, bheka umhlahlandlela wethu we JBCC payment certificate guide.

Indlela Yokukhokha Ye-NEC

Izitifiketi zokukhokha masonto amabili noma nyanga zonke ezikhishwa yi-Project Manager
Isisekelo sokukhokha esisekelwe emsebenzini noma ku-target cost
Inkokhelo phakathi kwesikhathi esishiwo (kuya ngenketho yenkontileka)
Ama-compensation event afakwa ezinkokhelweni
Uhlelo lwe-early warning lusiza ukuvimbela izingxabano zokukhokha

Indlela Yokukhokha Ye-GCC

Izitifiketi zokukhokha zanyanga zonke ezikhishwa nguNjiniyela
Isisekelo se-measure-and-value
Inkokhelo phakathi kwezinsuku ezingama-30 ngemuva kokukhishwa kwesitifiketi
I-retention imvamisa u-5–10%, ikhishwa ngezigaba
Inqubo yokulinganisa esemthethweni

Indlela Yokukhokha Ye-FIDIC

Izitifiketi zokukhokha zanyanga zonke ezikhishwa nguNjiniyela
Isisekelo se-measure-and-value
Inkokhelo phakathi kwezinsuku ezingama-56 imvamisa (kuya ngenkontileka)
I-retention imvamisa u-5–10%
Inqubo yokulinganisa esemthethweni

Ngomhlahlandlela wezitifiketi zokukhokha kuzo zonke izinhlobo zezinkontileka, bheka umhlahlandlela wethu we progress payment certificates in South Africa.

Ukuphatha Izinhlobo Eziningi Zezinkontileka Zokwakha Endaweni Eyodwa

Ukuphatha izitifiketi zokukhokha, ama-variation, ne-retention ku-JBCC, NEC, GCC ne-FIDIC ohlelweni olulodwa kunciphisa umsebenzi we-admin namaphutha okukhokha. Isofthiwe eyakhelwe ukwakha eNingizimu Afrika ingakhiqiza izitifiketi ezihambisana nenkontileka, ilandelele izinsuku zokukhishwa kwe-retention, futhi ibikezele i-cash flow kuzo zonke izinhlobo zezinkontileka ukuze uhlale phezu kwezinsuku zokukhokha futhi ugweme izingxabano.

Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa

Yiluphi uhlobo lwenkontileka okufanele ngilisebenzise kuphrojekthi yezindlu ezizimele?

Kumaphrojekthi ezindlu ezizimele, i-JBCC iyifomu ejwayelekile lenkontileka. Sebenzisa i-Principal Building Agreement (PBA) kumaphrojekthi anzima athatha isikhathi esingaphezu kwezinyanga eziyisishiyagalolunye noma anesamba senkontileka esingaphezu kuka-R5 million, noma i-Minor Works Agreement kumaphrojekthi alula angadluli ezinyangeni eziyisishiyagalolunye nakuR5 million. I-JBCC iqondakala kahle osonkontileka baseNingizimu Afrika futhi yaklanywe ngokukhethekile ngeyemisebenzi yokwakha.

Ngingasebenzisa i-JBCC kuphrojekthi yomkhakha kahulumeni?

Ngokuvamile, cha. Amaphrojekthi omkhakha kahulumeni avame ukudinga i-NEC (ama-parastatal nama-metro) noma i-GCC (iminyango kahulumeni). Nokho, amanye amaphrojekthi amancane omkhakha kahulumeni noma amaphrojekthi anezidingo ezikhethekile angavumela i-JBCC. Hlala uhlola imibhalo yethenda — izochaza ifomu lenkontileka edingekayo.

Umehluko muni phakathi kwe-JBCC Principal Building Agreement ne-Minor Works Agreement?

I-Principal Building Agreement (PBA) iyinkontileka ephelele ye-JBCC, eklanyelwe amaphrojekthi anzima athatha isikhathi esingaphezu kwezinyanga eziyisishiyagalolunye noma anesamba senkontileka esingaphezu kuka-R5 million. Ifaka imigomo ephelele yama-variation, izandiso zesikhathi, nokuxazululwa kwezingxabano. I-Minor Works Agreement inguqulo elula yamaphrojekthi alula angadluli ezinyangeni eziyisishiyagalolunye nakuR5 million, enezinqubo ezisheshisiwe, ayifaki isibopho sedizayini kusonkontileka, futhi ayifaki ama-subcontractor aqokiwe noma akhethiwe.

Kungani ama-parastatal ethanda i-NEC kune-GCC?

Ama-parastatal afana ne-SANRAL, i-Eskom, ne-Transnet athanda i-NEC ngoba:

Indlela yokubambisana: Uhlelo lwe-early warning lwe-NEC lukhuthaza ukubambisana futhi lunciphise izingxabano
Ukuphathwa kobungozi okungcono: Uhlelo lwe-early warning lusiza ukukhomba nokuphatha ubungozi kusenesikhathi
Izinkokhelo ezisheshayo: Imijikelezo yokukhokha evamile ithuthukisa i-cash flow kasonkontileka
Izinga lamazwe ngamazwe: I-NEC isetshenziswa emhlabeni wonke, inikeza ukuhambisana kosonkontileka bamazwe ngamazwe
Ukuguquguquka: I-NEC inezinketho eziningi zenkontileka (inani eliphelele, i-target cost, i-cost reimbursable) ukuze ihambisane nezinhlobo ezahlukene zamaphrojekthi

Ngingashintsha amafomu enkontileka phakathi nephrojekthi?

Cha. Uma inkontileka isisayinwe, uboshelwe kulelo fomu lenkontileka phakathi nesikhathi sephrojekthi. Ukushintsha amafomu phakathi nephrojekthi kudinga ukuqeda inkontileka ekhona nokufaka entsha, okuyinto engavamile futhi engelulekiwe. Khetha ifomu lenkontileka ngokucophelela ekuqaleni kwephrojekthi.

Ngazi kanjani ukuthi yiliphi ifomu lenkontileka okufanele ngilisebenzise?

Ifomu lenkontileka livamise ukuchazwa emibhalweni yethenda noma kwi-brief yephrojekthi. Kumaphrojekthi okwakha omkhakha wangasese, i-JBCC iyona ejwayelekile. Engqalasizindeni yomkhakha kahulumeni, hlola ukuthi ikhasimende lidinga i-NEC noma i-GCC. Uma ungaqiniseki, cela iseluleko kummeli womthetho wokwakha noma ku-quantity surveyor onolwazi ngamafomu ezinkontileka aseNingizimu Afrika.

Kwenzekani uma ngisebenzisa ifomu lenkontileka elingafanele?

Ukusebenzisa ifomu lenkontileka elingafanele kungaba nemiphumela emibi:

Ukudonswa ngaphandle kwethenda: Amathenda omkhakha kahulumeni avame ukudonsa amabhidi angasebenzisi ifomu elichaziwe lenkontileka
Ukubambezeleka kokukhokha: Ifomu elingafanele lingadala ukudideka nokubambezeleka kokukhokha
Ubungozi bezingxabano: Amafomu ezinkontileka ahlukanisa ubungozi ngokwehlukile — ukusebenzisa elingafanele kungakushiya uvulekile
Izinkinga zokulandela imithetho: Amaphrojekthi athile adinga amafomu athile ngokomthetho (isibonelo, amaphrojekthi e-CIDB)

Hlala usebenzisa ifomu lenkontileka elichazwe emibhalweni yethenda noma esivumelwaneni sephrojekthi.

Ingabe i-Wakha isekela zonke izinhlobo ezinkulu zezinkontileka?

Yebo. I-Wakha isekela ukukhiqizwa kwezitifiketi zokukhokha ze-JBCC, NEC, GCC ne-FIDIC, ukuphathwa kwama-variation, nokuphathwa kwezinkontileka. Ungasebenzisa amaphrojekthi ngaphansi kwamafomu ahlukene enkontileka ohlelweni olulodwa, nge-workflow eqondene nenkontileka kanye namafomethi ezitifiketi ohlobo ngalunye.

Uyini umehluko phakathi kwama-subcontractor aqokiwe nawendawo?

Ama-subcontractor aqokiwe akhethwa ikhasimende noma i-principal agent, kanti usonkontileka omkhulu uphatha umsebenzi wawo kodwa unokulawula okuncane ekukhetheni. Ama-subcontractor endawo akhethwa usonkontileka omkhulu, kanti usonkontileka omkhulu unokulawula nesibopho esigcwele. Lolu hlobo luthinta ukuhamba kwezinkokhelo, isibopho, kanye nemisebenzi yokuphatha.

Isiphetho

Ukukhetha uhlobo olufanele lwenkontileka yokwakha eNingizimu Afrika — i-JBCC, NEC, GCC noma FIDIC — kubalulekile ekulandeleni ithenda, ekugelezeni kwezimali, nasekwabiweni kobungozi. I-JBCC ibusa ukwakha komkhakha wangasese; i-NEC ne-GCC zibusa umsebenzi womkhakha kahulumeni; i-FIDIC isebenza emaphrojekthini wamazwe ngamazwe. Ukuqonda ukuthi ngayinye iphatha kanjani izitifiketi zokukhokha, ama-variation, nokuxazululwa kwezingxabano kukusiza ukhethe ifomu elifanele futhi uliphathe ngendlela efanele.

Ukuze uphathe izinhlobo zezinkontileka zokwakha eNingizimu Afrika — izitifiketi zokukhokha ze-JBCC, NEC, GCC ne-FIDIC, i-retention ne-cash flow — endaweni eyodwa eyakhelwe ukulandela imithetho yendawo nokuletha amaphrojekthi, bheka Wakha.

Izihloko ezihlobene