Mefuta ya Dikonteraka tsa Kago mo Aforika Borwa | JBCC, NEC, GCC, FIDIC

Go dirisa mofuta o o sa tshwaneng wa konteraka ya kago mo Aforika Borwa go ka dira gore kopo ya gago ya tender e se amogelwe, ditefo di diege, kgotsa o rwale kotsi e konteraka e neng e sa direlwa go e aroganya ka tsela eo. Bareki ba lekala la setshaba gantsi ba laela GCC kgotsa NEC; kago ya poraefete yona e dirisa JBCC. Go sa tsamaisane go baka dikganetsano, kgatelelo ya cash flow, le kotsi ya go sa ikobele melao.

Mekgwa e menne e megolo ya dikonteraka e laola mmaraka: JBCC (Joint Building Contracts Committee) ya ditiro tsa kago tsa poraefete, NEC (New Engineering Contract) ya merero ya mafaratlhatlha le boenjineri mo lekaleng la setshaba, GCC (General Conditions of Contract) ya diporojeke tsa mafapha a puso, le FIDIC ya ditiro tsa boditšhabatšhaba. E nngwe le e nngwe e tshwara payment certificate, diphetogo, le kabo ya kotsi ka tsela e e farologaneng. Kaelo eno e tlhalosa mofuta mongwe le mongwe wa konteraka ya kago mo Aforika Borwa, nako ya go o dirisa, le tsela ya go o tsamaisa sentle.

Kakaretso ya Tikologo ya Dikonteraka tsa Kago mo Aforika Borwa

Tikologo ya dikonteraka tsa kago mo Aforika Borwa e bopiwa ke ditlhokego tsa lekala, ditlhopho tsa bareki, le ditaelo tsa taolo. Go tlhaloganya tikologo eno go go thusa go tlhopha konteraka e e siameng le go e tsamaisa ka katlego.

Kabelo ya Mmaraka ka Mofuta wa Konteraka

JBCC — E laola ditiro tsa kago tsa poraefete, e lekanyediwa mo go 60–70% ya mmaraka wa kago ya poraefete
NEC — E gola ka bonako mo lekaleng la setshaba, segolo mafaratlhatlha le boenjineri, e lekanyediwa mo go 20–30% ya dikonteraka tsa setshaba
GCC — E santse e le maemo a tlwaelo mo diporojekeng tsa mafapha a puso, e lekanyediwa mo go 40–50% ya dikonteraka tsa setshaba
FIDIC — E dirisiwa thata mo diporojekeng tsa boditšhabatšhaba le ditiro tse di kgabaganyang melelwane, kabelo ya yona e nnyane

Ditlhopho ka Lekala

Kago ya poraefete — JBCC ke maemo a tlwaelo
Mafaratlhatlha a setshaba — NEC kgotsa GCC go ikaegile ka moreki
Mafapha a puso — GCC gantsi e a laelwa
Parastatal le metros — Gantsi ba laela NEC
Diporojeke tsa boditšhabatšhaba — FIDIC e tlwaelegile

Tshusumetso ya Melao

Melao ya CIDB — Diporojeke dintsi tsa setshaba di batla GCC kgotsa NEC
Ditaelo tsa moreki — Bareki ba setshaba gantsi ba supa mofuta wa konteraka mo ditokomaneng tsa tender
Maemo a indasteri — JBCC, NEC, GCC, le FIDIC tsotlhe di amogelwa jaaka maemo a indasteri

JBCC: Maemo a Lekala la Poraefete

Sehlopha sa Joint Building Contracts Committee (JBCC) ke mofuta wa konteraka o o dirisiwang thata mo lekaleng la poraefete la Aforika Borwa. Se diretswe ka tlhamalalo ditiro tsa kago — matlo, dikago tsa kgwebo, le dikago tsa indasteri — mme se ratwa ke baagi ba porojeke, bareki ba poraefete, le borakonteraka ba ba dirang mo diporojekeng tsa poraefete.

Sehlopha sa Dikonteraka tsa JBCC

Sehlopha sa JBCC se akaretsa mefuta e le mmalwa ya dikonteraka:

Principal Building Agreement (PBA) — Ke konteraka ya konokono ya ditiro tsa kago, gantsi e dirisiwa mo diporojekeng tse di fetang R500,000. E na le ditaelo tsa:

Diphetogo le variation order
Katoloso ya nako
Payment certificate le interim payment
Practical completion le defects liability
Tharabololo ya dikganetsano (adjudication le arbitration)

Minor Works Agreement — Ke konteraka e e nolofaditsweng ya diporojeke tse dinnye tse di kwa tlase ga R500,000. E na le ditsamaiso tse dikhutshwane le ditlhokego tse di seng thata, mme e tshwanela:

Diporojeke tse dinnye tsa matlo
Tiro ya go tokafatsa e nnye
Fit-out e nnye ya kgwebo
Diporojeke tse complexity e feletseng ya PBA e sa tlhokegeng mo go tsone

Nominated Subcontract Agreement — Ya go tsamaisa nominated subcontractor mo diporojekeng tsa JBCC. Nominated subcontractor ba tlhophiwa ke moreki kgotsa principal agent, mme main contractor o tsamaisa tiro ya bone.

Selected Subcontract Agreement — Ya go tsamaisa selected subcontractor (subcontractor ba ba tlhophiwang ke contractor mme ba amogelwa ke moreki).

Moo JBCC e Dirisiwang Teng

JBCC e dirisiwa thata mo:

Dikago tsa poraefete tsa bonno — Matlo, dikompleke, estates
Diporojeke tsa dikago tsa kgwebo — Dikago tsa diofisi, mafelo a mabenkele, dipolokelo
Kago ya indasteri — Difektheri, dipolokelo, didirisiwa tsa indasteri
Diporojeke tsa property development — Diporojeke tsotlhe go simolola ka feasibility go fitlha handover
Mafaratlhatlha a poraefete — Kwa go sa laelweng ka mokgwa o mongwe

Tsamaiso ya Ditefo ya JBCC

JBCC e dirisa tsamaiso ya setso ya interim payment certificate:

Tekanyetso ya kgwedi le kgwedi — Contractor o romela kopo ya kgwedi le kgwedi ya tiro e e feditsoeng
Tlhahlobo ya Principal Agent — Principal Agent (architect kgotsa quantity surveyor) o sekaseka tiro mme a ntsha Interim Payment Certificate (IPC)
Diteng tsa setifikeiti — IPC e akaretsa tiro e e feditsoeng, didirisiwa mo site, phokotso ya retention (gantsi 5–10%), ditefo tse di fetileng, le madi a a tshwanetseng go duelelwa
Tefelo — Moreki o duela mo malatsing a 14–21 morago ga go ntshiwa ga setifikeiti
Setifikeiti sa bofelo — Morago ga practical completion, go ntshiwa Final Payment Certificate

Dikarolo tsa botlhokwa:

Di-certificate di ntshiwa kgwedi le kgwedi
Retention e gololwa ka dikarolo (seripa ka practical completion, seripa sa bofelo kwa bokhutlong jwa defects liability period)
Diphetogo di tsenngwa mo di-certificate fa di sena go amogelwa
Melao ya tefelo: malatsi a 14–21 go tswa ka letsatsi la setifikeiti

Bakeng sa kaelo e e tseneletseng ka JBCC payment certificate, bona kaelo ya rona ya JBCC payment certificate guide.

Kabo ya Kotsi mo JBCC

JBCC e latela mokgwa wa setso wa kabo ya kotsi:

Kotsi ya contractor: Boleng jwa tiro, didirisiwa, go diega ga nako (fa go se na mabaka a a amogelwang), go feta ga ditshenyegelo
Kotsi ya moreki: Diphoso tsa moralo (fa moralo o newa ke moreki), force majeure, maemo a lefatshe (fa a sa senolwa)
Kotsi e e abelwang mmogo: Diphetogo, diego tse di bakwang ke moreki kgotsa moemedi

JBCC e lekalekane ka selekanyo, mme e ka nna ya nna le ngangisano fa dikganetsano di tlhaga, ka gonne kabo ya kotsi gantsi e ranolwa ka thata.

Tharabololo ya Dikganetsano mo JBCC

JBCC e dirisa tsamaiso ya setso ya tharabololo ya dikganetsano:

Tshwetso ya Principal Agent — Tshwetso ya ntlha e dirwa ke principal agent
Adjudication — Dikganetsano di ka isiwa kwa adjudication
Arbitration — Tharabololo ya bofelo ka arbitration
Litigation — Go ka tswelelwa kwa makgotleng fa arbitration e palelwa

Tsela eno e ka nna bonya e bile e lwantsha, mme dikganetsano gantsi di tlhatloga go fitlha arbitration kgotsa litigation.

NEC: Maemo a Lekala la Setshaba le Boenjineri

Sehlopha sa New Engineering Contract (NEC) se ntse se tumile thata mo lekaleng la setshaba la Aforika Borwa le mo diporojekeng tsa boenjineri. Se simolotse kwa UK, mme NEC4 e amogetswe ke diparastatal le metros tse dikgolo tsa Aforika Borwa bakeng sa mafaratlhatlha le ditiro tsa boenjineri.

Sehlopha sa Dikonteraka tsa NEC

Sehlopha sa NEC se akaretsa mefuta e le mmalwa ya dikonteraka:

NEC4 Engineering and Construction Contract (ECC) — Ke konteraka ya konokono ya ditiro tsa boenjineri le kago. E naya dikgetho tse dintsi tsa konteraka:

Option A: Priced contract ka activity schedule
Option B: Priced contract ka bill of quantities
Option C: Target contract ka activity schedule
Option D: Target contract ka bill of quantities
Option E: Cost reimbursable contract
Option F: Management contract

NEC4 Professional Services Contract (PSC) — Ya bagakolodi le tirelo tsa porofešenale.

NEC4 Term Service Contract — Ya ditirelo tsa tlhokomelo le service contract tse di tswelelang.

Moo NEC e Dirisiwang Teng

NEC e dirisiwa thata mo:

Diporojeke tsa ditsela tsa SANRAL — Kago le tokafatso ya ditsela tsa bosetšhaba le tsa diporofense
Mafaratlhatlha a motlakase a Eskom — Diporojeke tsa tlhagiso, phetiso, le kabo ya motlakase
Diporojeke tsa terene le boemakepe tsa Transnet — Mafaratlhatlha a terene, didirisiwa tsa boemakepe, mafaratlhatlha a logistics
Diporojeke tsa mafaratlhatlha a metro — City of Cape Town, City of Johannesburg, le metros tse dingwe
Mafaratlhatlha a metsi — Rand Water, bommasepala, kalafo le kabo ya metsi
Diporojeke tsa boenjineri — Diporojeke tse di tlhokang tirisanommogo le early warning system

Tsamaiso ya Ditefo ya NEC

NEC e dirisa tsamaiso ya ditefo e e ikaegileng ka ditiro kgotsa target cost, go ikaegile ka Option e e tlhophilweng:

Go fediwa ga tiro/mesebetsi — Contractor o fetsa activities (kgotsa o fitlha milestones tsa target cost)
Tlhahlobo ya Project Manager — Project Manager o sekaseka tiro e e feditsoeng
Payment certificate — Project Manager o ntsha payment certificate (gantsi gangwe mo dibekeng tse pedi)
Diteng tsa setifikeiti — E akaretsa boleng jwa activities tse di feditsoeng, peresente ya target cost (fa e le Option C/D), retention (fa e le teng), ditefo tse di fetileng, le madi a a tshwanetseng go duelelwa
Tefelo — Moreki o duela mo nakong ya tefelo e e tlhalositsweng mo konterakeng
Final account — Final account e baakanywa morago ga completion

Dikarolo tsa botlhokwa:

Ditshekatsheko tsa ditefo di diragala gangwe le gape (gantsi gangwe mo dibekeng tse pedi)
Motheo wa tefelo ke activity kgotsa target cost
Early warning system e thusa go thibela dikganetsano tsa ditefo
Mokgwa wa tirisanommogo o fokotsa diego

Kabo ya Kotsi mo NEC

NEC e dirisa mokgwa o o kopanetsweng thata wa go abelana kotsi:

Early warning system — Maemo ka bobedi a tshwanetse go itsise ka mathata a a ka tlhagang
Compensation events — Ditiragalo tse di tlhalositsweng tse di tsosang diphetogo tsa nako le ditshenyegelo
Kotsi e e abelwang mmogo — Go gatelelwa tirisanommogo mo go rarabololeng mathata
Pepeneneng — Puisano e e bulegileng le go abelana kotsi ka botlalo

NEC e diretswe go fokotsa dikganetsano ka early warning le tirisanommogo, le fa go ntse jalo e tlhoka taolo ya konteraka e e maatla letsatsi le letsatsi.

Tharabololo ya Dikganetsano mo NEC

NEC e na le tsamaiso e e rulaganeng thata ya tharabololo ya dikganetsano:

Early warning — Mathata a lemogiwa ka bonako ka tsamaiso ya temoso
Tshwetso ya Project Manager — Tshwetso ya ntlha e dirwa ke project manager
Adjudication — Dikganetsano di isiwa kwa adjudication (ka bonako go feta arbitration)
Arbitration/Litigation — Tharabololo ya bofelo fa go tlhokega

Early warning system ya NEC e thusa go thibela dikganetsano, mme adjudication gantsi e bonako go feta arbitration.

GCC: Maemo a Puso

General Conditions of Contract for Construction Works (GCC) e laelwa mo bontsing jwa diporojeke tsa mafapha a puso mo Aforika Borwa. E phasaladiwa ke South African Institution of Civil Engineering (SAICE) mme e a tlhokega mo diporojekeng tse di welang mo melaweng ya CIDB.

Sehlopha sa Dikonteraka tsa GCC

Sehlopha sa GCC se akaretsa:

GCC 2015 — Version ya gompieno ya ditiro tsa kago, e phasaladitswe ke SAICE.

GCC for Engineering and Construction Works — Ya diporojeke tsa boenjineri.

GCC for Small Works — Version e e nolofaditsweng ya diporojeke tse dinnye.

Moo GCC e Dirisiwang Teng

GCC e dirisiwa thata mo:

Diporojeke tsa mafapha a puso a bosetšhaba — Diporojeke tse di dirwang ke mafapha a puso a bosetšhaba
Ditiro tsa puso ya porofense — Diporojeke tsa kago tsa puso ya porofense
Diporojeke tsa bommasepala — Kwa go sa dirisiweng NEC, bommasepala ba bantsi ba dirisa GCC
Kago ya setshaba e e laelwang ke CIDB — Diporojeke tse di welang mo melaweng ya CIDB
Diporojeke tsa setso tsa measure-and-value — Diporojeke tse di dirisang tekanyo le boleng jwa setso

Tsamaiso ya Ditefo ya GCC

GCC e dirisa tsamaiso ya setso ya measure-and-value:

Tekanyo ya kgwedi le kgwedi — Engineer o lekanya tiro e e feditsoeng mo kgweding
Setifikeiti sa Engineer — Engineer o ntsha payment certificate ya kgwedi le kgwedi
Diteng tsa setifikeiti — E akaretsa boleng jwa tiro e e lekantsweng, didirisiwa mo site, phokotso ya retention (gantsi 5–10%), ditefo tse di fetileng, le madi a a tshwanetseng go duelelwa
Tefelo — Moreki o duela mo malatsing a le 30 morago ga go ntshiwa ga setifikeiti
Setifikeiti sa bofelo — Morago ga completion, go ntshiwa Final Payment Certificate

Dikarolo tsa botlhokwa:

Tsamaiso e e semmuso ya tekanyo
Di-certificate tsa kgwedi le kgwedi
Retention e gololwa ka dikarolo
Melao ya tefelo: malatsi a 30 (a maleele go feta JBCC)

Kabo ya Kotsi mo GCC

GCC e latela mokgwa wa setso o o tshwarang contractor thata mo kotsing:

Kotsi ya contractor: Bontsi jwa dikotsi tsa porojeke, go akaretsa maemo a lefatshe, diego tsa seemo sa loapi, go feta ga ditshenyegelo
Kotsi ya moreki: E nnye — segolo diphoso tsa moralo le force majeure
Tsamaiso e e semmuso — Toloko e e thata ya melao ya konteraka

GCC gantsi e baya kotsi e ntsi mo contractor, se se ka nna sa nna thata mo borakonterakeng mme sa naya bareki boikanyego jo bo oketsegileng.

Tharabololo ya Dikganetsano mo GCC

GCC e dirisa tsamaiso e e semmuso ya tharabololo ya dikganetsano:

Tshwetso ya Engineer — Tshwetso ya ntlha e dirwa ke engineer
Dispute Adjudication Board — DAB e ka dirisiwa mo dikganetsanong
Arbitration — Tharabololo ya bofelo ka arbitration
Litigation — Go ka tswelelwa kwa makgotleng

Tsamaiso ya GCC e semmuso mme e ka nna bonya, ka dikganetsano gantsi di tlhokang arbitration.

FIDIC: Maemo a Boditšhabatšhaba

Dikonteraka tsa FIDIC (Fédération Internationale des Ingénieurs-Conseils) di dirisiwa thata mo diporojekeng tsa boditšhabatšhaba le mo tirong e e kgabaganyang melelwane mo Aforika Borwa. Le fa di sa aname jaaka JBCC, NEC kgotsa GCC, FIDIC e botlhokwa mo borakonterakeng ba boditšhabatšhaba le mo diporojekeng tse di nang le madi a tshegetso a boditšhabatšhaba.

Sehlopha sa Dikonteraka tsa FIDIC

Sehlopha sa FIDIC se akaretsa:

FIDIC Red Book — Conditions of Contract for Construction for Building and Engineering Works Designed by the Employer.

FIDIC Yellow Book — Conditions of Contract for Plant and Design-Build.

FIDIC Silver Book — Conditions of Contract for EPC/Turnkey Projects.

FIDIC Green Book — Short Form of Contract.

Moo FIDIC e Dirisiwang Teng

FIDIC e dirisiwa thata mo:

Diporojeke tsa boditšhabatšhaba — Diporojeke tse di nang le borakonteraka ba boditšhabatšhaba kgotsa tshegetso ya madi a kwa ntle
Tiro e e kgabaganyang melelwane — Diporojeke tse di anametseng dinaga di le dintsi
Tshegetso ya madi a boditšhabatšhaba — Diporojeke tse di tshegediwang ke dibanka tsa tlhabololo tsa boditšhabatšhaba
Mafaratlhatlha a magolo — Diporojeke dingwe tse dikgolo tsa mafaratlhatlha di rata FIDIC

Tsamaiso ya Ditefo ya FIDIC

FIDIC e dirisa tsamaiso ya setso ya payment certificate e e tshwanang le GCC:

Payment certificate ya kgwedi le kgwedi e e ikaegileng ka tiro e e lekantsweng
Engineer o ntsha di-certificate
Tefelo mo nakong e e boletsweng (gantsi malatsi a 56)
Retention gantsi ke 5–10%

Kabo ya Kotsi mo FIDIC

Kabo ya kotsi ya FIDIC e farologana go ya ka mofuta wa konteraka:

Red Book — Kabo ya kotsi e e lekalekaneng
Yellow Book — Kotsi e ntsi e ya mo contractor (design-build)
Silver Book — Kotsi e kgolo thata e ya mo contractor (EPC/turnkey)

Tharabololo ya Dikganetsano mo FIDIC

FIDIC e dirisa Dispute Adjudication Board (DAB) le arbitration:

Tshwetso ya Engineer — Tshwetso ya ntlha ka engineer
DAB — Dikganetsano di isiwa kwa Dispute Adjudication Board
Arbitration — Tharabololo ya bofelo ka arbitration

Dikonteraka tsa Subcontract

Dikonteraka tsa subcontract di dirisiwa fa main contractor a tsenya subcontractor. Mofuta wa subcontract agreement o ikaegile ka tsela e subcontractor a tlhophilweng ka yone.

Nominated Subcontractor

Nominated subcontractor ba tlhophiwa ke moreki kgotsa principal agent. Main contractor o tsamaisa tiro ya bone mme o na le taolo e e lekanyeditsweng mo tlhophong.

Dikarolo:

Ba tlhophiwa ke moreki/principal agent
Main contractor o tsamaisa tiro
Moreki gantsi o duela ka tlhamalalo kgotsa ka main contractor
Main contractor o na le maikarabelo a a lekanyeditsweng ka performance ya nominated subcontractor

Gantsi mo go: Diporojeke tsa JBCC fa moreki a batla badirisi kgotsa baitseanape ba ba rileng.

Domestic Subcontractor

Domestic subcontractor ba tlhophiwa ke main contractor. Main contractor o na le taolo e e feletseng mo tlhophong le tsamaisong.

Dikarolo:

Ba tlhophiwa ke main contractor
Main contractor o tsamaisa tiro
Main contractor o duela subcontractor
Main contractor o na le maikarabelo a a feletseng ka performance ya subcontractor

Gantsi mo go: Mefuta yotlhe ya dikonteraka kwa main contractor a tlhophang subcontractor.

Mefuta ya Subcontract Agreement

Subcontract agreement gantsi e tshwana le mofuta wa main contract:

JBCC Nominated/Selected Subcontract Agreement — Ya diporojeke tsa JBCC
NEC Subcontract — Ya diporojeke tsa NEC
GCC Subcontract — Ya diporojeke tsa GCC
FIDIC Subcontract — Ya diporojeke tsa FIDIC

Tafole ya Papiso: Mefuta ya Dikonteraka

Karolo	JBCC	NEC	GCC	FIDIC
Tiriso ya Konokono	Ditiro tsa kago tsa lekala la poraefete	Boenjineri/mafaratlhatlha a setshaba	Diporojeke tsa mafapha a puso	Diporojeke tsa boditšhabatšhaba
Kabelo ya Mmaraka	60–70% lekala la poraefete	20–30% lekala la setshaba	40–50% lekala la setshaba	Nnye (diporojeke tsa boditšhabatšhaba)
Gantsi ga Ditefo	Di-certificate tsa kgwedi le kgwedi	Gangwe mo dibekeng tse pedi (gantsi)	Di-certificate tsa kgwedi le kgwedi	Di-certificate tsa kgwedi le kgwedi
Melao ya Tefelo	Malatsi a 14–21	E farologana ka option	Malatsi a 30	Gantsi malatsi a 56
Motheo wa Tefelo	Tiro e e feditsoeng (lump sum)	Activities/target cost	Measure and value	Measure and value
Retention	Gantsi 5–10%	E farologana ka option	Gantsi 5–10%	Gantsi 5–10%
Kabo ya Kotsi	Setso se se lekalekaneng	Tirisanommogo/abelana	Contractor-heavy	E farologana ka mofuta
Tharabololo ya Dikganetsano	Adjudication → Arbitration	Early warning → Adjudication	DAB → Arbitration	DAB → Arbitration
Tsamaiso ya Diphetogo	Variation order e e semmuso	Compensation events	Variation order e e semmuso	Variation order
Early Warning System	Nnyaa	Ee (go patelesega)	Nnyaa	Nnyaa
Mokgwa wa Tirisanommogo	Magareng	Godimo	Tlase	Magareng
Complexity	Magareng	Godimo	Magareng	Godimo
Boleng jo bo Tlwaelegileng jwa Porojeke	R500K – R100M+	R10M – R1B+	R1M – R500M+	R50M – R10B+
E Siametse	Diporojeke tsa kago ya poraefete	Mafaratlhatlha/boenjineri jwa setshaba	Ditiro tsa mafapha a puso	Diporojeke tsa boditšhabatšhaba
Taolo ya Konteraka	Principal Agent	Project Manager	Engineer	Engineer

Dintlha tsa go Tlhopha Mofuta wa Konteraka

Go na le dintlha di le mmalwa tse di tlhotlheletsang mofuta wa konteraka o o tshwanetseng go dirisiwa:

Lekala la Porojeke

Kago ya poraefete — JBCC ke maemo a tlwaelo
Mafaratlhatlha a setshaba — NEC kgotsa GCC go ya ka moreki
Mafapha a puso — GCC gantsi e laelwa
Diporojeke tsa boditšhabatšhaba — FIDIC e tlwaelegile

Ditlhokego tsa Moreki

Taelo ya moreki — Bareki ba le bantsi ba supa mofuta wa konteraka mo ditokomaneng tsa tender
Tlhopho ya moreki — Bareki bangwe ba rata mefuta e e rileng ya dikonteraka go ikaegile ka maitemogelo
Ditlhokego tsa taolo — Diporojeke dingwe di tshwanetse ka molao go dirisa mefuta e e rileng ya dikonteraka

Mofuta wa Porojeke

Ditiro tsa kago — JBCC e tshwanela
Mafaratlhatlha/boenjineri — NEC kgotsa GCC e tshwanela
Boditšhabatšhaba — FIDIC e tshwanela

Kamohelo ya Kotsi

Kotsi e e lekalekaneng — JBCC kgotsa FIDIC Red Book
Go abelana kotsi ka tirisanommogo — NEC
Moreki o batla boikanyego — GCC kgotsa FIDIC Silver Book

Ditlhopho tsa Tefelo

Ditefo tsa setso tsa kgwedi le kgwedi — JBCC, GCC, FIDIC
Ditefo tse di gangwe le gape — NEC
Ditefo tse di ikaegileng ka activities — NEC

Mekgwa ya Ditefo ka Mofuta wa Konteraka

Go tlhaloganya tsela e ditefo di dirang ka yone mo konterakeng nngwe le nngwe go botlhokwa mo tsamaisong ya cash flow.

Mokgwa wa Tefelo wa JBCC

Interim payment certificate ya kgwedi le kgwedi e ntshiwa ke Principal Agent
Tefelo mo malatsing a 14–21 morago ga go ntshiwa ga setifikeiti
Retention gantsi ke 5–10%, e gololwa ka dikarolo
Diphetogo di tsenngwa mo di-certificate fa di sena go amogelwa

Bakeng sa kaelo e e tseneletseng, bona kaelo ya rona ya JBCC payment certificate guide.

Mokgwa wa Tefelo wa NEC

Payment certificate gangwe mo dibekeng tse pedi kgotsa kgwedi le kgwedi e ntshiwa ke Project Manager
Activity-based kgotsa target cost ke motheo wa tefelo
Tefelo mo nakong e e boletsweng (e farologana ka option ya konteraka)
Compensation events di tsenngwa mo ditefong
Early warning system e thusa go thibela dikganetsano tsa ditefo

Mokgwa wa Tefelo wa GCC

Payment certificate ya kgwedi le kgwedi e ntshiwa ke Engineer
Measure-and-value ke motheo wa tefelo
Tefelo mo malatsing a 30 morago ga go ntshiwa ga setifikeiti
Retention gantsi ke 5–10%, e gololwa ka dikarolo
Tsamaiso e e semmuso ya tekanyo

Mokgwa wa Tefelo wa FIDIC

Payment certificate ya kgwedi le kgwedi e ntshiwa ke Engineer
Measure-and-value ke motheo wa tefelo
Tefelo mo malatsing a 56 gantsi (go farologana ka konteraka)
Retention gantsi ke 5–10%
Tsamaiso e e semmuso ya tekanyo

Bakeng sa kaelo ya payment certificate mo mefuteng yotlhe ya dikonteraka, bona kaelo ya rona ya progress payment certificates in South Africa.

Go Tsamaisa Mefuta e le Mentsi ya Dikonteraka tsa Kago mo Lefelong le le Lengwe

Go tsamaisa payment certificate, diphetogo le retention go ralala JBCC, NEC, GCC le FIDIC mo tsamaisong e le nngwe go fokotsa tiro ya tsamaiso le diphoso tsa ditefo. Software e e agilweng bakeng sa kago mo Aforika Borwa e ka tlhagisa di-certificate tse di ikobelang konteraka, ya sala morago malatsi a go gololwa ga retention, le go akanya pele cash flow go ralala mefuta ya dikonteraka gore o nne o itse malatsi a due date ya ditefo mme o tile dikganetsano.

Dipotso tse di Botsiwang Gantsi

Ke mofuta ofe wa konteraka o ke tshwanetseng go o dirisa mo porojekeng ya poraefete ya bonno?

Mo diporojekeng tsa poraefete tsa bonno, JBCC ke mofuta wa konteraka wa maemo. Dirisa Principal Building Agreement (PBA) mo diporojekeng tse di fetang R500,000, kgotsa Minor Works Agreement mo diporojekeng tse dinnye tse di kwa tlase ga R500,000. JBCC e tlhaloganngwa sentle ke borakonteraka ba Aforika Borwa mme e diretswe ka tlhamalalo ditiro tsa kago.

A nka dirisa JBCC mo porojekeng ya lekala la setshaba?

Ka kakaretso, nnyaa. Diporojeke tsa lekala la setshaba gantsi di laela NEC (ya parastatal le metros) kgotsa GCC (ya mafapha a puso). Le fa go ntse jalo, diporojeke dingwe tse dinnye tsa setshaba kgotsa diporojeke tse di nang le ditlhokego tse di kgethegileng di ka letlelela JBCC. Ka gale tlhatlhoba ditokomane tsa tender — di tla supa mofuta wa konteraka o o tlhokegang.

Pharologanyo ke eng magareng ga JBCC Principal Building Agreement le Minor Works Agreement?

Principal Building Agreement (PBA) ke konteraka e e tletseng ya JBCC ya diporojeke gantsi tse di fetang R500,000. E akaretsa ditaelo tsotlhe ka diphetogo, katoloso ya nako, le tharabololo ya dikganetsano. Minor Works Agreement ke version e e nolofaditsweng ya diporojeke tse dinnye tse di kwa tlase ga R500,000, e na le ditsamaiso tse di potlakileng le ditlhokego tse di seng thata.

Ke eng fa diparastatal di rata NEC go feta GCC?

Diparastatal tse di jaaka SANRAL, Eskom, le Transnet di rata NEC ka gonne:

Mokgwa wa tirisanommogo — Early warning system ya NEC e rotloetsa tirisanommogo mme e fokotsa dikganetsano
Taolo ya kotsi e e botoka — Early warning system e thusa go lemoga le go laola dikotsi ka bonako
Ditefo tse di bonako — Ditshekatsheko tsa ditefo tse di gangwe le gape di tokafatsa cash flow ya contractor
Maemo a boditšhabatšhaba — NEC e dirisiwa lefatshe ka bophara, e naya boikemisetso mo borakonterakeng ba boditšhabatšhaba
Go fetofetoga — NEC e naya dikgetho di le dintsi tsa konteraka (lump sum, target cost, cost reimbursable) go lekana mefuta e e farologaneng ya diporojeke

A nka fetola mefuta ya konteraka fa porojeke e setse e simologile?

Nnyaa. Fa konteraka e sena go saenwa, o tlamega go latela mofuta oo wa konteraka mo nakong yotlhe ya porojeke. Go fetola mefuta ya konteraka fa porojeke e ntse e tsamaya go tla tlhoka go fedisa konteraka ya pele le go tsena mo go e ntšha, mme seno gantsi ga se kgonege kgotsa ga se eletsege. Tlhopha mofuta wa konteraka ka kelotlhoko kwa tshimologong ya porojeke.

Ke itse jang gore ke dirise mofuta ofe wa konteraka?

Mofuta wa konteraka gantsi o bolelwa mo ditokomaneng tsa tender kgotsa project brief. Mo diporojekeng tsa kago ya poraefete, JBCC ke maemo. Mo mafaratlhatlheng a setshaba, tlhatlhoba gore a moreki o laela NEC kgotsa GCC. Fa o sa tlhomamisege, buisana le mmueledi wa molao wa kago kgotsa quantity surveyor yo o itseng mefuta ya dikonteraka tsa Aforika Borwa.

Go diragala eng fa ke dirisa mofuta o o sa siamang wa konteraka?

Go dirisa mofuta o o sa siamang wa konteraka go ka nna le ditlamorago tse di boima:

Go se amogelwe mo tender — Tender tsa setshaba gantsi di gana dikopo tse di sa diriseng mofuta wa konteraka o o boletsweng
Go diega ga ditefo — Mofuta o o phoso wa konteraka o ka baka tlhakatlhakano le go diega ga ditefo
Kotsi ya dikganetsano — Mefuta ya dikonteraka e abela kotsi ka ditsela tse di farologaneng — go dirisa o o phoso go ka go tlogela o sa sireletsega
Mathata a boikobelo — Diporojeke dingwe ka molao di batla mefuta e e rileng ya dikonteraka (sekai, diporojeke tsa CIDB)

Ka gale dirisa mofuta wa konteraka o o boletsweng mo ditokomaneng tsa tender kgotsa mo tumalanong ya porojeke.

A Wakha e tshegetsa mefuta yotlhe e megolo ya dikonteraka?

Ee. Wakha e tshegetsa tlhagiso ya payment certificate ya JBCC, NEC, GCC le FIDIC, taolo ya diphetogo, le tsamaiso ya konteraka. O ka tsamaisa diporojeke ka mefuta e e farologaneng ya dikonteraka mo tsamaisong e le nngwe, ka workflows le certificate format tse di ikgethileng ka mofuta mongwe le mongwe.

Pharologanyo ke eng magareng ga nominated le domestic subcontractor?

Nominated subcontractor ba tlhophiwa ke moreki kgotsa principal agent, mme main contractor o tsamaisa tiro ya bone le fa a na le taolo e nnye mo tlhophong. Domestic subcontractor ba tlhophiwa ke main contractor, mme main contractor o na le taolo le maikarabelo ka botlalo. Mofuta ono o ama ditefo, maikarabelo a molao, le maikarabelo a tsamaiso.

Bokhutlo

Go tlhopha mofuta o o siameng wa konteraka ya kago mo Aforika Borwa — JBCC, NEC, GCC kgotsa FIDIC — go botlhokwa mo go ikobeleng melao ya tender, phallo ya ditefo, le kabo ya kotsi. JBCC e laola kago ya poraefete; NEC le GCC di laola ditiro tsa setshaba; FIDIC e ama diporojeke tsa boditšhabatšhaba. Go tlhaloganya ka fa mongwe le mongwe a tshwarang payment certificate, diphetogo le tharabololo ya dikganetsano go go thusa go tlhopha mofuta o o siameng le go o tsamaisa ka nepo.

Go tsamaisa mefuta ya dikonteraka tsa kago mo Aforika Borwa — payment certificate ya JBCC, NEC, GCC le FIDIC, retention le cash flow — go tswa mo platform e le nngwe e e diretsweng boikobelo jwa selegae le tshepedišo ya porojeke, bona Wakha.

Dingwalo tse di amanang