Mefuta ya Dikonteraka tsa Kaho Afrika Borwa | JBCC, NEC, GCC, FIDIC

Ho sebedisa mofuta o fosahetseng wa konteraka ya kaho Afrika Borwa ho ka etsa hore tender ya hao e qhallelwe, ditefo di tiehe, kapa o qetelle o rwetse kotsi eo konteraka e neng e sa etsetswa ho e aba. Bareki ba lekala la setjhaba hangata ba laela GCC kapa NEC; kaho ya poraefete hangata e tsamaya ka JBCC. Ho se dumellane ho lebisa dikganong, kgatellong ya phallo ya tjhelete, le kotsing ya ho se ikobele melao.

Ho na le disete tse nne tse ka sehloohong tsa dikonteraka tse busang mmaraka: JBCC (Joint Building Contracts Committee) bakeng sa mesebetsi ya kaho ya poraefete, NEC (New Engineering Contract) bakeng sa meaho ya motheo le boenjiniere ba setjhaba, GCC (General Conditions of Contract) bakeng sa diprojeke tsa mafapha a mmuso, le FIDIC bakeng sa mesebetsi ya matjhaba. E nngwe le e nngwe e sebetsana ka tsela e fapaneng le disetifikeiti tsa tefo, diphetoho, le kabo ya kotsi. Tataiso ena e hlalosa mofuta ka mong wa konteraka ya kaho Afrika Borwa, hore o o sebedise neng, le hore o o tsamaisa jwang ka katleho.

Kakaretso ya Sebopeho sa Dikonteraka tsa Kaho Afrika Borwa

Sebopeho sa dikonteraka tsa kaho Afrika Borwa se bopjwa ke ditlhoko tsa lekala, dikgetho tsa bareki, le ditlamo tsa taolo. Ho utlwisisa sebopeho sena ho o thusa ho kgetha konteraka e nepahetseng le ho e tsamaisa hantle.

Kabelo ya Mmaraka ka Mofuta wa Konteraka

JBCC - E busa kaho ya poraefete, e hakanyetswa ho 60-70% ya kabelo ya mmaraka kaho ya poraefete
NEC - E hola ka potlako lekaleng la setjhaba, haholoholo meahong ya motheo le boenjiniere, e hakanyetswa ho 20-30% ya dikonteraka tsa setjhaba
GCC - E ntse e le tekanyetso diprojekeng tsa mafapha a mmuso, e hakanyetswa ho 40-50% ya dikonteraka tsa setjhaba
FIDIC - E sebediswa haholo diprojekeng tsa matjhaba le mosebetsing wa meedi, kabelo ya yona e nyane

Dikgetho tsa Makala

Kaho ya poraefete - JBCC ke tekanyetso
Meaho ya motheo ya setjhaba - NEC kapa GCC ho ya ka moreki
Mafapha a mmuso - GCC hangata e laelwa
Parastatal le metro - Hangata di laela NEC
Diprojeke tsa matjhaba - FIDIC e tlwaelehile

Tshusumetso ya Taolo

Melao ya CIDB - Diprojeke tse ngata tsa setjhaba di hloka GCC kapa NEC
Litaelo tsa bareki - Bareki ba setjhaba hangata ba bolela mofuta wa konteraka ditokomaneng tsa tender
Maemo a indasteri - JBCC, NEC, GCC, le FIDIC kaofela di amohelwa e le maemo a indasteri

JBCC: Tekanyetso ya Lekala la Poraefete

Sehlopha sa Joint Building Contracts Committee (JBCC) ke mofuta wa konteraka o sebediswang haholo lekaleng la poraefete Afrika Borwa. Se etseditswe mesebetsi ya kaho ka ho toba - bolulo, kgwebo, le indasteri - mme se ratwa ke bahlahisi ba meaho, bareki ba poraefete, le borakonteraka ba sebetsang diprojekeng tsa poraefete.

Sehlopha sa Dikonteraka tsa JBCC

Sehlopha sa JBCC se kenyelletsa mefuta e mmalwa ya dikonteraka:

Principal Building Agreement (PBA) - Konteraka e ka sehloohong bakeng sa mesebetsi ya kaho, hangata e sebediswang diprojekeng tse fetang R500,000. E kenyelletsa dintlha tsa:

Diphetoho le variation orders
Katoloso ya nako
Disetifikeiti tsa tefo le ditefo tsa nakwana
Practical completion le defects liability
Tharollo ya dikgang (adjudication le arbitration)

Minor Works Agreement - Konteraka e nolofaditsweng bakeng sa diprojeke tse nyane tse ka tlase ho R500,000. E na le ditshebetso tse kgutshwane le ditlhoko tse fokolang tsa semmuso, mme e loketse:

Diprojeke tse nyane tsa bolulo
Ntlafatso e menyane
Fit-out e nyane ya kgwebo
Diprojeke moo boima bo felletseng ba PBA bo sa hlokahaleng

Nominated Subcontract Agreement - Bakeng sa ho laola subcontractor ba kgethilweng diprojekeng tsa JBCC. Nominated subcontractor ba kgethwa ke moreki kapa principal agent, mme kontraka e ka sehloohong e laola mosebetsi wa bona.

Selected Subcontract Agreement - Bakeng sa ho laola selected subcontractor (subcontractor ba kgethilweng ke kontraka empa ba amohetswe ke moreki).

Moo JBCC e Sebediswang Teng

JBCC e sebediswa haholo ho:

Diprojeke tsa bolulo ba poraefete - Matlo, di-complex, le di-estate
Diprojeke tsa meaho ya kgwebo - Meaho ya diofisi, disenthara tsa mabenkele, le di-warehouse
Kaho ya indasteri - Difeme, di-warehouse, le meaho ya indasteri
Diprojeke tsa ntshetsopele ya meaho - Diprojeke tse felletseng ho tloha feasibility ho fihla handover
Meaho ya motheo ya poraefete - Moo ho se nang taelo e fapaneng

Tshebetso ya Tefo ho JBCC

JBCC e sebedisa mokgwa wa setso wa interim payment certificate:

Tekanyo ya kgwedi - Kontraka e romela kopo ya kgwedi bakeng sa mosebetsi o phethilweng
Tlhahlobo ya Principal Agent - Principal Agent (moakhi wa meralo kapa quantity surveyor) o hlahloba mosebetsi mme a ntsha Interim Payment Certificate (IPC)
Dikahare tsa setifikeiti - IPC e kenyelletsa mosebetsi o phethilweng, thepa setsheng, kgaello ya retention (hangata 5-10%), ditefo tse fetileng, le tjhelete e lokelang ho lefuwa
Tefo - Moreki o lefa nakong ya matsatsi a 14-21 ka mora ho ntshwa ha setifikeiti
Setifikeiti sa ho qetela - Ka mora practical completion, Final Payment Certificate e ntshwa

Dintlha tsa bohlokwa:

Disetifikeiti di ntshwa kgwedi le kgwedi
Retention e lokollwa ka mekgahlelo (halofo practical completion, halofo qetellong ya defects liability period)
Diphetoho di kenyelletswa disetifikeiting ha di amohetswe
Melao ya tefo: matsatsi a 14-21 ho tloha ho ntshwa ha setifikeiti

Bakeng sa tataiso e qaqileng ka disetifikeiti tsa tefo tsa JBCC, sheba tataiso ya rona ya JBCC payment certificate guide.

Kabo ya Kotsi ho JBCC

JBCC e latela mokgwa wa setso wa kabo ya kotsi:

Kotsi ya kontraka: Boleng ba mosebetsi, thepa, tieho ya nako (ntle le ha e tshwarelwa), keketseho ya ditjeho
Kotsi ya moreki: Diphoso tsa moralo (ha moreki a fana ka moralo), force majeure, maemo a lefatshe (ha a sa hlahiswa)
Kotsi e arolelwang: Diphetoho, tieho e bakwang ke moreki kapa agent

JBCC e batla e lekalekane empa e ka ba le tlhokeho ya tshebedisano ha dikgang di hlaha, hobane kabo ya kotsi hangata e tolokwa ka thata.

Tharollo ya Dikgang ho JBCC

JBCC e sebedisa tshebetso ya setso ya tharollo ya dikgang:

Qeto ya Principal Agent - Qeto ya pele e etswa ke principal agent
Adjudication - Dikgang di ka fetisetswa ho adjudication
Arbitration - Tharollo ya ho qetela ka arbitration
Litigation - E ka ya makgotleng haeba arbitration e hloleha

Tshebetso ena e ka dieha mme ya ba ya kganetsano, ka hore dikgang hangata di nyolohele arbitration kapa litigation.

NEC: Tekanyetso ya Setjhaba le Boenjiniere

Sehlopha sa New Engineering Contract (NEC) se ntse se tumme haholo lekaleng la setjhaba Afrika Borwa le diprojekeng tsa boenjiniere. Se qapilwe qalong UK, mme NEC4 e amohetswe ke diparastatal le dimetro tse kgolo Afrika Borwa bakeng sa meaho ya motheo le mesebetsi ya boenjiniere.

Sehlopha sa Dikonteraka tsa NEC

Sehlopha sa NEC se kenyelletsa mefuta e mmalwa ya dikonteraka:

NEC4 Engineering and Construction Contract (ECC) - Konteraka e ka sehloohong bakeng sa mesebetsi ya boenjiniere le kaho. E fana ka dikgetho tse ngata tsa konteraka:

Option A: Priced contract with activity schedule
Option B: Priced contract with bill of quantities
Option C: Target contract with activity schedule
Option D: Target contract with bill of quantities
Option E: Cost reimbursable contract
Option F: Management contract

NEC4 Professional Services Contract (PSC) - Bakeng sa baeletsi le ditshebeletso tsa botsebi.

NEC4 Term Service Contract - Bakeng sa ditshebeletso tse tswelang pele tsa tlhokomelo le tshebeletso.

Moo NEC e Sebediswang Teng

NEC e sebediswa haholo ho:

Diprojeke tsa mebila tsa SANRAL - Kaho le ntlafatso ya mebila ya naha le ya diprovense
Meaho ya motheo ya matla ya Eskom - Diprojeke tsa tlhahiso ya matla, phetiso le kabo
Diprojeke tsa terene le boemakepe tsa Transnet - Meaho ya terene, ditheo tsa boemakepe, meaho ya logistics
Diprojeke tsa meaho ya motheo tsa metro - City of Cape Town, City of Johannesburg, le dimetro tse ding
Meaho ya motheo ya metsi - Rand Water, bomasepala, kalafo le kabo ya metsi
Diprojeke tsa boenjiniere - Diprojeke tse hlokang tshebetso ya tshebedisano le early warning system

Tshebetso ya Tefo ho NEC

NEC e sebedisa mokgwa wa tefo o thehilweng ho activity kapa target cost, ho ya ka option e kgethilweng:

Qetello ya activity - Kontraka e phethela mesebetsi (kapa e fihla mehatong ya target cost)
Tlhahlobo ya Project Manager - Project Manager o hlahloba mosebetsi o phethilweng
Setifikeiti sa tefo - Project Manager o ntsha setifikeiti sa tefo (hangata beke tse pedi)
Dikahare tsa setifikeiti - Di kenyelletsa boleng ba mesebetsi e phethilweng, peresente ya target cost (ha e le Option C/D), retention (ha e sebetsa), ditefo tse fetileng, le tjhelete e lokelang ho lefuwa
Tefo - Moreki o lefa nakong ya tefo e boletsweng konterakeng
Akhaonto ya ho qetela - Akhaonto ya ho qetela e lokiswa ka mora qetello ya mosebetsi

Dintlha tsa bohlokwa:

Ditefo tse etsahalang hangata ho feta (hangata beke tse pedi)
Motheo wa activity kapa target cost
Early warning system e thusa ho thibela dikgang tsa tefo
Mokgwa wa tshebedisano o fokotsa tieho

Kabo ya Kotsi ho NEC

NEC e sebedisa mokgwa o kopanetsweng wa kabo ya kotsi:

Early warning system - Mahlakore ka bobedi a tshwanetse ho tsebisa mathata a ka hlahang
Compensation events - Diketsahalo tse hlalositsweng tse bakang diphetoho tsa nako le ditjeho
Kotsi e arolelwang - Ho hatellwa tshebedisano ya ho rarolla mathata
Ponahalo e hlakileng - Puisano e bulehileng le kabo ya kotsi e bulehileng

NEC e etseditswe ho fokotsa dikgang ka early warning le tshebetso ya tshebedisano, leha e hloka taolo e mafolofolo ya konteraka.

Tharollo ya Dikgang ho NEC

NEC e na le tshebetso e hlophisitsweng hantle ya tharollo ya dikgang:

Early warning - Mathata a tsejwa pele ka tsamaiso ya temoso
Qeto ya Project Manager - Qeto ya pele e etswa ke project manager
Adjudication - Dikgang di fetisetswa ho adjudication (e potlakile ho feta arbitration)
Arbitration/Litigation - Tharollo ya ho qetela ha ho hlokahala

Tsamaiso ya early warning ya NEC e thusa ho thibela dikgang, mme adjudication hangata e potlakile ho feta arbitration.

GCC: Tekanyetso ya Mmuso

General Conditions of Contract for Construction Works (GCC) e laelwa bakeng sa diprojeke tse ngata tsa mafapha a mmuso Afrika Borwa. E phatlalatswa ke South African Institution of Civil Engineering (SAICE) mme e hlokeha diprojekeng tse oelang tlasa melao ya CIDB.

Sehlopha sa Dikonteraka tsa GCC

Sehlopha sa GCC se kenyelletsa:

GCC 2015 - Mofuta wa jwale wa mesebetsi ya kaho, o phatlaladitsweng ke SAICE.

GCC for Engineering and Construction Works - Bakeng sa diprojeke tsa boenjiniere.

GCC for Small Works - Mofuta o nolofaditsweng bakeng sa diprojeke tse nyane.

Moo GCC e Sebediswang Teng

GCC e sebediswa haholo ho:

Diprojeke tsa mafapha a mmuso wa naha - Diprojeke tse etswang ke mafapha a mmuso wa naha
Mesebetsi ya mmuso wa provense - Diprojeke tsa kaho tsa provense
Diprojeke tsa bomasepala - Moo NEC e sa sebedisweng, bomasepala ba bangata ba sebedisa GCC
Kaho ya setjhaba e laelwang ke CIDB - Diprojeke tse oelang tlasa melao ya CIDB
Diprojeke tsa setso tsa measure-and-value - Diprojeke tse sebedisang tekanyo le boleng ba setso

Tshebetso ya Tefo ho GCC

GCC e sebedisa mokgwa wa setso wa tefo wa measure-and-value:

Tekanyo ya kgwedi - Engineer o metha mosebetsi o phethilweng nakong ya kgwedi
Setifikeiti sa Engineer - Engineer o ntsha setifikeiti sa tefo sa kgwedi
Dikahare tsa setifikeiti - Di kenyelletsa boleng ba mosebetsi o methilweng, thepa setsheng, kgaello ya retention (hangata 5-10%), ditefo tse fetileng, le tjhelete e lokelang ho lefuwa
Tefo - Moreki o lefa matsatsing a 30 ka mora ho ntshwa ha setifikeiti
Setifikeiti sa ho qetela - Ka mora qetello ya mosebetsi, Final Payment Certificate e ntshwa

Dintlha tsa bohlokwa:

Tshebetso ya tekanyo e semmuso
Disetifikeiti tsa kgwedi
Retention e lokollwa ka mekgahlelo
Melao ya tefo: matsatsi a 30 (e telele ho feta JBCC)

Kabo ya Kotsi ho GCC

GCC e latela mokgwa wa setso o behang kotsi e ngata ho kontraka:

Kotsi ya kontraka: Bongata ba dikotsi tsa projeke, ho kenyeletsa maemo a lefatshe, tieho ya boemo ba lehodimo, keketseho ya ditjeho
Kotsi ya moreki: E lekanyeditsweng - haholoholo diphoso tsa moralo le force majeure
Tshebetso e semmuso - Tlhaloso e thata ya dipehelo tsa konteraka

GCC hangata e aba kotsi e ngata ho kontraka, se ka etsang hore ho be thata ho borakonteraka empa sa fa bareki bonnete bo boholo.

Tharollo ya Dikgang ho GCC

GCC e sebedisa tshebetso e semmuso ya tharollo ya dikgang:

Qeto ya Engineer - Qeto ya pele e etswa ke engineer
Dispute Adjudication Board - DAB e ka sebediswa bakeng sa dikgang
Arbitration - Tharollo ya ho qetela ka arbitration
Litigation - E ka fetela makgotleng

Tshebetso ya GCC e semmuso mme e ka dieha, dikgang hangata di hloka arbitration.

FIDIC: Tekanyetso ya Matjhaba

Dikonteraka tsa FIDIC (Federation Internationale des Ingenieurs-Conseils) di sebediswa haholo diprojekeng tsa matjhaba le mosebetsing wa meedi Afrika Borwa. Leha di sa tlwaeleha jwalo ka JBCC, NEC, kapa GCC, FIDIC e bohlokwa bakeng sa borakonteraka ba matjhaba le diprojeke tse nang le tshehetso ya ditjhelete tsa matjhaba.

Sehlopha sa Dikonteraka tsa FIDIC

Sehlopha sa FIDIC se kenyelletsa:

FIDIC Red Book - Conditions of Contract for Construction for Building and Engineering Works Designed by the Employer.

FIDIC Yellow Book - Conditions of Contract for Plant and Design-Build.

FIDIC Silver Book - Conditions of Contract for EPC/Turnkey Projects.

FIDIC Green Book - Short Form of Contract.

Moo FIDIC e Sebediswang Teng

FIDIC e sebediswa haholo ho:

Diprojeke tsa matjhaba - Diprojeke tse nang le borakonteraka kapa tjhelete ya matjhaba
Mosebetsi wa meedi - Diprojeke tse fetang dinaha tse ngata
Tshehetso ya ditjhelete tsa matjhaba - Diprojeke tse tsheheditsweng ke dibanka tsa ntshetsopele tsa matjhaba
Meaho e meholo ya motheo - Diprojeke tse ding tse kgolo tsa meaho ya motheo di rata FIDIC

Tshebetso ya Tefo ho FIDIC

FIDIC e sebedisa mokgwa wa setso wa disetifikeiti tsa tefo o tshwanang le GCC:

Disetifikeiti tsa tefo tsa kgwedi tse thehilweng mosebetsing o methilweng
Engineer o ntsha disetifikeiti
Tefo nakong e boletsweng (hangata matsatsi a 56)
Retention hangata 5-10%

Kabo ya Kotsi ho FIDIC

Kabo ya kotsi ya FIDIC e fapana ho ya ka mofuta wa konteraka:

Red Book - Kabo ya kotsi e lekalekaneng
Yellow Book - Kotsi e ngata ho kontraka (design-build)
Silver Book - Kotsi e phahameng haholo ho kontraka (EPC/turnkey)

Tharollo ya Dikgang ho FIDIC

FIDIC e sebedisa Dispute Adjudication Boards (DABs) le arbitration:

Qeto ya Engineer - Qeto ya pele e etswa ke engineer
DAB - Dikgang di fetisetswa ho Dispute Adjudication Board
Arbitration - Tharollo ya ho qetela ka arbitration

Ditumellano tsa Subcontract

Ditumellano tsa subcontract di sebediswa ha kontraka e ka sehloohong e kenya subcontractor. Mofuta wa tumellano ya subcontract o itshetlehile ka hore subcontractor o kgethilwe jwang.

Nominated Subcontractor

Nominated subcontractor ba kgethwa ke moreki kapa principal agent. Kontraka e ka sehloohong e laola mosebetsi wa bona empa e na le taolo e lekanyeditsweng tabeng ya kgetho.

Dikarolo:

Ba kgethwa ke moreki/principal agent
Kontraka e ka sehloohong e laola mosebetsi
Moreki hangata o lefa ka kotloloho kapa ka kontraka e ka sehloohong
Kontraka e ka sehloohong e na le boikarabelo bo lekanyeditsweng tshebetsong ya nominated subcontractor

Ho tlwaelehile ho: Diprojeke tsa JBCC moo moreki a batlang bafepedi kapa ditsebi tse itseng.

Domestic Subcontractor

Domestic subcontractor ba kgethwa ke kontraka e ka sehloohong. Kontraka e ka sehloohong e na le taolo e felletseng tabeng ya kgetho le tsamaiso.

Dikarolo:

Ba kgethwa ke kontraka e ka sehloohong
Kontraka e ka sehloohong e laola mosebetsi
Kontraka e ka sehloohong e lefa subcontractor
Kontraka e ka sehloohong e na le boikarabelo bo felletseng tshebetsong ya subcontractor

Ho tlwaelehile ho: Mefuta yohle ya dikonteraka moo kontraka e ka sehloohong e kgethang subcontractor.

Mefuta ya Ditumellano tsa Subcontract

Ditumellano tsa subcontract hangata di etsisa mofuta wa konteraka e ka sehloohong:

JBCC Nominated/Selected Subcontract Agreement - Bakeng sa diprojeke tsa JBCC
NEC Subcontract - Bakeng sa diprojeke tsa NEC
GCC Subcontract - Bakeng sa diprojeke tsa GCC
FIDIC Subcontract - Bakeng sa diprojeke tsa FIDIC

Tafole ya Papiso: Mefuta ya Dikonteraka

Feature	JBCC	NEC	GCC	FIDIC
Primary Use	Private sector building works	Public sector engineering/infrastructure	Government department projects	International projects
Market Share	60-70% private sector	20-30% public sector	40-50% public sector	Small (international projects)
Payment Frequency	Monthly certificates	Bi-weekly (often)	Monthly certificates	Monthly certificates
Payment Terms	14-21 days	Varies by option	30 days	Typically 56 days
Payment Basis	Work completed (lump sum)	Activities/target cost	Measure and value	Measure and value
Retention	5-10% typical	Varies by option	5-10% typical	5-10% typical
Risk Allocation	Balanced traditional	Collaborative/shared	Contractor-heavy	Varies by form
Dispute Resolution	Adjudication -> Arbitration	Early warning -> Adjudication	DAB -> Arbitration	DAB -> Arbitration
Variation Process	Formal variation orders	Compensation events	Formal variation orders	Variation orders
Early Warning System	No	Yes (mandatory)	No	No
Collaborative Approach	Moderate	High	Low	Moderate
Complexity	Moderate	High	Moderate	High
Typical Project Value	R500K - R100M+	R10M - R1B+	R1M - R500M+	R50M - R10B+
Best For	Private building projects	Public infrastructure/engineering	Government department works	International projects
Contract Administration	Principal Agent	Project Manager	Engineer	Engineer

Dintho tse Amang Kgetho ya Mofuta wa Konteraka

Ho na le dintlha tse mmalwa tse amang hore na ho tshwanetse ho sebediswa mofuta ofe wa konteraka:

Lekala la Projeka

Kaho ya poraefete - JBCC ke tekanyetso
Meaho ya motheo ya setjhaba - NEC kapa GCC ho ya ka moreki
Mafapha a mmuso - GCC hangata e laelwa
Diprojeke tsa matjhaba - FIDIC e tlwaelehile

Ditlhoko tsa Moreki

Taelo ya moreki - Bareki ba bangata ba bolela mofuta wa konteraka ditokomaneng tsa tender
Kgetho ya moreki - Bareki ba bang ba rata mefuta e itseng ya dikonteraka ho latela boiphihlelo
Ditlhoko tsa taolo - Diprojeke tse ding di hloka ka molao mefuta e itseng ya dikonteraka

Mofuta wa Projeka

Mesebetsi ya kaho - JBCC e loketse
Meaho ya motheo/boenjiniere - NEC kapa GCC e loketse
Matjhaba - FIDIC e loketse

Boikemisetso ba ho Jara Kotsi

Kotsi e lekalekaneng - JBCC kapa FIDIC Red Book
Kabo ya kotsi e kopanetsweng - NEC
Moreki o batla bonnete - GCC kapa FIDIC Silver Book

Dikgetho tsa Tefo

Ditefo tsa setso tsa kgwedi le kgwedi - JBCC, GCC, FIDIC
Ditefo tse etsahalang hangata - NEC
Ditefo tse thehilweng ho activity - NEC

Mekgwa ya Tefo ho ya ka Mofuta wa Konteraka

Ho utlwisisa kamoo ditefo di sebetsang kateng tlasa mofuta ka mong wa konteraka ho bohlokwa bakeng sa taolo ya phallo ya tjhelete.

Mokgwa wa Tefo wa JBCC

Disetifikeiti tsa tefo tsa nakwana tsa kgwedi le kgwedi di ntshwa ke Principal Agent
Tefo nakong ya matsatsi a 14-21 ka mora ho ntshwa ha setifikeiti
Retention hangata 5-10%, e lokollwa ka mekgahlelo
Diphetoho di kenyelletswa disetifikeiting ha di amohetswe

Bakeng sa tataiso e qaqileng, sheba tataiso ya rona ya JBCC payment certificate guide.

Mokgwa wa Tefo wa NEC

Disetifikeiti tsa tefo tsa beke tse pedi kapa tsa kgwedi di ntshwa ke Project Manager
Motheo wa tefo wa activity kapa target cost
Tefo nakong e boletsweng (e fapana ho ya ka option ya konteraka)
Compensation events di kenyelletswa ditefong
Early warning system e thusa ho thibela dikgang tsa tefo

Mokgwa wa Tefo wa GCC

Disetifikeiti tsa tefo tsa kgwedi di ntshwa ke Engineer
Motheo wa tefo wa measure-and-value
Tefo nakong ya matsatsi a 30 ka mora ho ntshwa ha setifikeiti
Retention hangata 5-10%, e lokollwa ka mekgahlelo
Tshebetso ya semmuso ya tekanyo

Mokgwa wa Tefo wa FIDIC

Disetifikeiti tsa tefo tsa kgwedi di ntshwa ke Engineer
Motheo wa tefo wa measure-and-value
Tefo nakong ya matsatsi a 56 hangata (e fapana ho ya ka konteraka)
Retention hangata 5-10%
Tshebetso ya semmuso ya tekanyo

Bakeng sa tataiso ya disetifikeiti tsa tefo mefuteng yohle ya dikonteraka, sheba tataiso ya rona ya progress payment certificates in South Africa.

Ho Laola Mefuta e Mengata ya Dikonteraka tsa Kaho Sebakeng se le Seng

Ho laola disetifikeiti tsa tefo, diphetoho, le retention ho pholletsa le JBCC, NEC, GCC le FIDIC tsamaisong e le nngwe ho fokotsa mosebetsi wa tsamaiso le diphoso tsa ditefo. Software e etseditsweng kaho ya Afrika Borwa e ka hlahisa disetifikeiti tse dumellanang le konteraka, ya sala morao matsatsi a tokollo ya retention, mme ya hakanya phallo ya tjhelete ho pholletsa le mefuta ya dikonteraka hore o nne o le hodima matsatsi a ditefo mme o qobe dikgang.

Dipotso tse Botswang Hangata

Ke mofuta ofe wa konteraka oo nka o sebedisang projeking ya bolulo ba poraefete?

Bakeng sa diprojeke tsa bolulo ba poraefete, JBCC ke mofuta wa konteraka o tlwaelehileng. Sebedisa Principal Building Agreement (PBA) bakeng sa diprojeke tse ka hodimo ho R500,000, kapa Minor Works Agreement bakeng sa diprojeke tse nyane tse ka tlase ho R500,000. JBCC e utlwisisiwa hantle ke borakonteraka ba Afrika Borwa mme e etseditswe ka kotloloho mesebetsi ya kaho.

Na nka sebedisa JBCC projeking ya setjhaba?

Ka kakaretso, tjhe. Diprojeke tsa setjhaba hangata di laela NEC (bakeng sa diparastatal le dimetro) kapa GCC (bakeng sa mafapha a mmuso). Leha ho le jwalo, diprojeke tse ding tse nyane tsa setjhaba kapa tse nang le ditlhoko tse ikgethileng di ka dumella JBCC. Kamehla hlahloba ditokomane tsa tender - di tla bolela mofuta wa konteraka o hlokahalang.

Phapang ke efe pakeng tsa JBCC Principal Building Agreement le Minor Works Agreement?

Principal Building Agreement (PBA) ke konteraka e felletseng ya JBCC bakeng sa diprojeke hangata tse fetang R500,000. E kenyelletsa dintlha tse pharalletseng bakeng sa diphetoho, katoloso ya nako, le tharollo ya dikgang. Minor Works Agreement ke mofuta o nolofaditsweng bakeng sa diprojeke tse nyane tse ka tlase ho R500,000, ka ditshebetso tse potlakisitsweng le ditlhoko tse fokolang tsa semmuso.

Hobaneng diparastatal di rata NEC ho feta GCC?

Diparastatal tse kang SANRAL, Eskom, le Transnet di rata NEC hobane:

Mokgwa wa tshebedisano - Early warning system ya NEC e kgothalletsa tshebedisano mme e fokotsa dikgang
Taolo e betere ya kotsi - Early warning system e thusa ho tseba le ho laola dikotsi ka pele
Ditefo tse potlakileng - Ditefo tse etsahalang hangata di ntlafatsa phallo ya tjhelete ya kontraka
Tekanyetso ya matjhaba - NEC e sebediswa lefatsheng ka bophara, e fanang ka botsitso ho borakonteraka ba matjhaba
Ho feto-fetoha - NEC e fana ka dikgetho tse ngata tsa konteraka (lump sum, target cost, cost reimbursable) ho lekana mefuta e fapaneng ya diprojeke

Na nka fetola mefuta ya konteraka hara projeke?

Tjhe. Hang ha konteraka e saenwe, o tlamilwe ke mofuta oo wa konteraka nakong yohle ya projeke. Ho fetola mefuta ya konteraka hara projeke ho ka hloka ho fedisa konteraka e teng le ho kena konterakeng e ntjha, e leng ntho e sa sebetseng hangata kapa e sa eletsweng. Kgetha mofuta wa konteraka ka hloko qalong ya projeke.

Ke tseba jwang hore na ke sebedise mofuta ofe wa konteraka?

Mofuta wa konteraka hangata o boletswe ditokomaneng tsa tender kapa project brief. Bakeng sa diprojeke tsa kaho ya poraefete, JBCC ke tekanyetso. Bakeng sa meaho ya motheo ya setjhaba, hlahloba hore na moreki o laela NEC kapa GCC. Haeba o sa tiiseha, buisana le mmuelli wa molao wa kaho kapa quantity surveyor ya tlwaelaneng le mefuta ya dikonteraka tsa Afrika Borwa.

Ho etsahalang haeba ke sebedisa mofuta o fosahetseng wa konteraka?

Ho sebedisa mofuta o fosahetseng wa konteraka ho ka ba le ditlamorao tse boima:

Qhallelo ya tender - Hangata di-tender tsa setjhaba di qhallela dibidi tse sa sebediseng mofuta wa konteraka o boletsweng
Tieho ya ditefo - Mofuta o fosahetseng wa konteraka o ka baka pherekano le tieho ya ditefo
Kotsi ya dikgang - Mefuta ya dikonteraka e aba kotsi ka ditsela tse fapaneng - ho sebedisa e fosahetseng ho ka o siya o pepesitsoe
Mathata a boikobelo - Diprojeke tse ding di hloka ka molao mefuta e itseng ya dikonteraka (mohl. diprojeke tsa CIDB)

Kamehla sebedisa mofuta wa konteraka o boletsweng ditokomaneng tsa tender kapa tumellanong ya projeke.

Na Wakha e tshehetsa mefuta yohle e meholo ya dikonteraka?

E, e a tshehetsa. Wakha e tshehetsa tlhahiso ya disetifikeiti tsa tefo tsa JBCC, NEC, GCC le FIDIC, taolo ya diphetoho, le tsamaiso ya konteraka. O ka tsamaisa diprojeke tlasa mefuta e fapaneng ya dikonteraka tsamaisong e le nngwe, ka workflows le mefuta ya disetifikeiti tse ikgethileng bakeng sa e nngwe le e nngwe.

Phapang ke efe pakeng tsa nominated le domestic subcontractor?

Nominated subcontractor ba kgethwa ke moreki kapa principal agent, mme kontraka e ka sehloohong e laola mosebetsi wa bona empa e na le taolo e lekanyeditsweng tabeng ya kgetho. Domestic subcontractor ba kgethwa ke kontraka e ka sehloohong, mme kontraka e ka sehloohong e ba le taolo le boikarabelo bo felletseng. Mofuta ona o ama phallo ya ditefo, boikarabelo, le mesebetsi ya tsamaiso.

Qetello

Ho kgetha mofuta o nepahetseng wa konteraka ya kaho Afrika Borwa - JBCC, NEC, GCC kapa FIDIC - ho bohlokwa bakeng sa boikobelo ba tender, phallo ya ditefo, le kabo ya kotsi. JBCC e busa kaho ya poraefete; NEC le GCC di busa mosebetsi wa setjhaba; FIDIC e sebetsa diprojekeng tsa matjhaba. Ho utlwisisa hore na e nngwe le e nngwe e sebetsana jwang le disetifikeiti tsa tefo, diphetoho, le tharollo ya dikgang ho o thusa ho kgetha mofuta o nepahetseng le ho o tsamaisa ka nepo.

Ho laola mefuta ya dikonteraka tsa kaho Afrika Borwa - disetifikeiti tsa tefo tsa JBCC, NEC, GCC le FIDIC, retention le phallo ya tjhelete - sethaleng se le seng se etseditsweng boikobelo ba lehae le phethahatso ya projeke, sheba Wakha.

Dihlooho tse amanang