Iinhlobo Zeenkontraka Zokwakha eSewula Afrika | JBCC, NEC, GCC, FIDIC

Ukusebenzisa inhlobo engakalungi yekontraka yokwakha eSewula Afrika kungakwenza ukhishwe ethendeni, kubambezele iintlawulo, nofana kukutjhiye uthwele ubungozi ikontraka ebingakahlelwa ukubunikela. Amaklayenti womkhakha kahulumende avamise ukuphoqelela i-GCC nofana i-NEC; ukwakha komkhakha wangasese kuvamise i-JBCC. Ukungahambisani nalokhu kubangela iingxabano, ukucindezeleka kwemali engenako nephumako, nokubekwa engozini yokungahambisani nemigomo.

Iinqhema ezine ezikhulu zeenkontraka zibusela emakethe: JBCC (Joint Building Contracts Committee) yomsebenzi wokwakha wangasese, NEC (New Engineering Contract) ye-infrastructure nomsebenzi wobunjiniyela bomphakathini, GCC (General Conditions of Contract) yamaphrojekthi weminyango kahulumende, ne-FIDIC yomsebenzi wamazwe ngamazwe. Ngayinye iphatha iinsethifikhethi zeentlawulo, amatjhuguluko, nokwabiwa kobungozi ngendlela ehlukileko. Lomhlahlandlela uchaza inhlobo ngayinye yekontraka yokwakha eSewula Afrika, isikhathi sokuyisebenzisa, nendlela yokuyiphatha kuhle.

Isibukezo Sehlabathi Leenkontraka Zokwakha eSewula Afrika

Ihlaba leenkontraka zokwakha eSewula Afrika lakhiwa ziimfuno zomkhakha, ukukhetha kwamaklayenti, nemigomo yokulawula. Ukwazi lelilizwe kukusiza ukhethe ikontraka efaneleko bewuyiphathe kuhle.

Isabelo Semakethe Ngenhlobo Yekontraka

JBCC - Ibusela emsebenzini wokwakha wangasese, kukalwe nge-60-70% yesabelo semakethe ekwakheni kwangasese
NEC - Ikhula msinya emkhakheni womphakathi, khulukhulu ku-infrastructure nobunjiniyela, kukalwe nge-20-30% yeenkontraka zomphakathi
GCC - Isese yindinganiso yamaphrojekthi weminyango kahulumende, kukalwe nge-40-50% yeenkontraka zomphakathi
FIDIC - Isetjenziswa khulukhulu kumaphrojekthi wamazwe ngamazwe nomsebenzi wokuwela imingcele, inesabelo esincani

Okuthandwa Mikhakha Ehlukeneko

Ukwakha komkhakha wangasese - I-JBCC yindinganiso
I-infrastructure yomphakathi - I-NEC nofana i-GCC kuya ngokuthi liklayenti lini
Iminyango kahulumende - I-GCC ivamise ukuphoqelelwa
Ama-parastatal namametro - Kanengi aphoqelela i-NEC
Amaphrojekthi wamazwe ngamazwe - I-FIDIC ijayelekile

Umthelela Wemithetho

Imigomo ye-CIDB - Amaphrojekthi amanengi womphakathi afuna i-GCC nofana i-NEC
Imiyalo yamaklayenti - Amaklayenti womphakathi avamise ukutjho iforomo yekontraka emadokhumentini wethenda
Amazinga womkhakha - I-JBCC, NEC, GCC, ne-FIDIC zoke ziyaziwa njengezindinganiso zomkhakha

JBCC: Indinganiso Yomkhakha Wangasese

Iqembu le-Joint Building Contracts Committee (JBCC) ngilo elisetjenziswa khulu emkhakheni wangasese eSewula Afrika. Lakhelwe umsebenti wokwakha ngokukhethekileko - wezindlu, webhizinisi, nowezimboni - begodu lithandwa bathuthukisi bezakhiwo, amaklayenti wangasese, nabakhi abasebenza kumaphrojekthi wangasese.

Iqembu Leenkontraka Ze-JBCC

Iqembu le-JBCC lineeforomo ezinengi zeenkontraka:

Principal Building Agreement (PBA) - Ikontraka eyinhloko yomsebenzi wokwakha, imvamisa isetjenziswa kumaphrojekthi angaphezu kwe-R500,000. Iqukethe iimfuno ze:

Amatjhuguluko nama-variation orders
Ukwelulwa kwesikhathi
Iinsethifikhethi zeentlawulo neentlawulo zesikhatjhana
Ukuphothulwa komsebenzi ngendlela esebenzako nesikhathi se-defects liability
Ukurarulula iingxabano (adjudication ne-arbitration)

Minor Works Agreement - Ikontraka elula yamaphrojekthi amancani angaphasi kwe-R500,000. Ineenqubo ezimfitjhani neemfuno ezimbalwa ezisemthethweni, begodu ifanele:

Amaphrojekthi amancani wezindlu
Ukulungiswa okuncani
Ama-fit-out amancani webhizinisi
Amaphrojekthi lapho uburharha obupheleleko be-PBA bungatlhogeki khona

Nominated Subcontract Agreement - Yokuphatha ama-subcontractor anikelwe ngaphasi kwamaphrojekthi we-JBCC. Ama-subcontractor anikelweko akhethwa liklayenti nofana i-principal agent, umakhi oyinhloko wona aphathe umsebenzi wawo.

Selected Subcontract Agreement - Yokuphatha ama-subcontractor akhethweko (ama-subcontractor akhethwa ngunokontileka kodwana avunywa liklayenti).

Lapho Isetjenziswa Khona i-JBCC

I-JBCC isetjenziswa khulukhulu ku:

Ukuthuthukiswa kwezindlu zangasese - Izindlu, ama-complexes, ama-estates
Amaphrojekthi wokwakha webhizinisi - Izakhiwo zamahofisi, ama-retail centre, ama-warehouse
Ukwakha kwezimboni - Amafektri, ama-warehouse, izakhiwo zezimboni
Amaphrojekthi wokuthuthukisa izakhiwo - Amaphrojekthi apheleleko ukusuka ku-feasibility kuya ku-handover
I-infrastructure yomkhakha wangasese - Lapho kungaphoqelelwanga enye indlela

Inqubo Yeentlawulo Ze-JBCC

I-JBCC isebenzisa indlela yendabuko ye-interim payment certificate:

Ukubalwa kwenyanga - Unokontileka uthumela isimangalo sanyanga ngomsebenzi owenziweko
Ukuhlolwa yi-Principal Agent - I-Principal Agent (architect nofana quantity surveyor) ihlola umsebenzi bese ikhipha i-Interim Payment Certificate (IPC)
Okuqukethwe yisetifikhethi - I-IPC ifaka umsebenzi owenziweko, izinto esizeni, ukusikwa kwe-retention (imvamisa 5-10%), iintlawulo zangaphambilini, nemali efaneleko
Intlawulo - Iklayenti likhokha ngemva kweentsuku ezi-14-21 kusukela ekukhutjhweni kwesetifikhethi
Isetifikhethi sokugcina - Ngemva kokuphothulwa ngokusebenzako, kukhutjhwa i-Final Payment Certificate

Iimpawu ezisemqoka:

Iinsethifikhethi zikhutjhwa nyanga zoke
I-retention ikhululwa ngamazinga (ihhafu ekuphothulweni ngokusebenzako, ihhafu ekupheleni kwesikhathi se-defects liability)
Amatjhuguluko afakwa eensethifikhethini nawavunyiweko
Imithetho yeentlawulo: iintsuku ezi-14-21 kusukela ekukhutjhweni kwesetifikhethi

Ngeenkcukacha ezijulileko ngeensethifikhethi zeentlawulo ze-JBCC, bona umhlahlandlela wethu we-JBCC payment certificate guide.

Ukwabiwa Kobungozi Ku-JBCC

I-JBCC ilandela indlela yendabuko yokwaba ubungozi:

Ubungozi bonokontileka: Ikhwalithi yomsebenzi, izinto, ukubambezeleka kwesikhathi (ngaphandle kwalapho kuvumeleke khona), ukwanda kweendleko
Ubungozi beklayenti: Amaphutha wokudizayina (nakube iklayenti linikela umdwebo), force majeure, iimo zomhlabathi (nakube azivezwa)
Ubungozi obabelanako: Amatjhuguluko, ukubambezeleka okubangelwa liklayenti nofana i-agent

I-JBCC ilinganiselwe ngokujayelekileko kodwana ingaba yinzima nakuvela iingxabano, ngombana ukwabiwa kobungozi kuvamise ukuhunyutjhwa ngokuqinileko.

Ukurarululwa Kweengxabano Ku-JBCC

I-JBCC isebenzisa inqubo yendabuko yokurarulula iingxabano:

Isiqunto se-Principal Agent - Isiqunto sokuqala sitjhiwo yi-principal agent
Adjudication - Iingxabano zingadluliselwa ku-adjudication
Arbitration - Ukurarululwa kokugcina kwenziwa nge-arbitration
Litigation - Kungaya enkantolo nakube i-arbitration ayikasebenzi

Inqubo ingathatha isikhathi eside begodu ibe nobudisi, iingxabano zivamise ukukhuphukela ku-arbitration nofana ku-litigation.

NEC: Indinganiso Yomphakathi Nobunjiniyela

Iqembu le-New Engineering Contract (NEC) liya lithandwa khulu emkhakheni womphakathi eSewula Afrika nakumaphrojekthi wobunjiniyela. Lathuthukiswa e-UK, i-NEC4 yamukelwe ma-parastatal namametro amakhulu eSewula Afrika ngomsebenzi we-infrastructure nobunjiniyela.

Iqembu Leenkontraka Ze-NEC

Iqembu le-NEC lineeforomo ezinengi zeenkontraka:

NEC4 Engineering and Construction Contract (ECC) - Ikontraka eyinhloko yomsebenzi wobunjiniyela nowokwakha. Inikela iinkhetho ezinengi zeenkontraka:

Option A: Priced contract with activity schedule
Option B: Priced contract with bill of quantities
Option C: Target contract with activity schedule
Option D: Target contract with bill of quantities
Option E: Cost reimbursable contract
Option F: Management contract

NEC4 Professional Services Contract (PSC) - Yabacebisi nemisebenzi yobungcweti.

NEC4 Term Service Contract - Yemisebenzi eqhubekako yesondlo namasevisi.

Lapho Isetjenziswa Khona i-NEC

I-NEC isetjenziswa khulukhulu ku:

Amaphrojekthi wemigwado ye-SANRAL - Ukwakhiwa nokuthuthukiswa kwemigwado yenarha neyeprovinsi
I-infrastructure yamandla ye-Eskom - Amaphrojekthi wokukhiqiza amandla, ukudlulisa nokwabiwa
Amaphrojekthi kaloliwe namachweba we-Transnet - I-infrastructure kaloliwe, izakhiwo zamachweba, i-infrastructure ye-logistics
Amaphrojekthi we-infrastructure yamametro - City of Cape Town, City of Johannesburg, namanye amametro
I-infrastructure yamanzi - Rand Water, omasipala, ukuhlanjululwa nokwabiwa kwamanzi
Amaphrojekthi wobunjiniyela - Amaphrojekthi adinga ukusebenza ngokubambisana nehlelo le-early warning

Inqubo Yeentlawulo Ze-NEC

I-NEC isebenzisa indlela yeentlawulo esekelwe emisebenzini nofana i-target cost, kuye ngokuthi kukhethwe yiphi option:

Ukuphela komsebenzi othileko - Unokontileka uqedela imisebenzi (nofana ufikelele kuma-milestone we-target cost)
Ukuhlolwa yi-Project Manager - I-Project Manager ihlola umsebenzi owenziweko
Isetifikhethi sentlawulo - I-Project Manager ikhipha isetifikhethi sentlawulo (kanengi masonto amabili)
Okuqukethwe yisetifikhethi - Kufaka inani lemisebenzi eqediweko, iphesenteji ye-target cost (nakube yi-Option C/D), i-retention (nakube iyasebenza), iintlawulo zangaphambilini, nemali efaneleko
Intlawulo - Iklayenti likhokha ngesikhathi sentlawulo esivezwe ekontrakthini
I-akhawundi yokugcina - I-akhawundi yokugcina ilungiswa ngemva kokuphothulwa

Iimpawu ezisemqoka:

Iijikelezo zeentlawulo ezivama khudlwana (kanengi masonto amabili)
Isisekelo semisebenzi nofana i-target cost
Ihlelo le-early warning lisiza ukuvimbela iingxabano zeentlawulo
Indlela yokubambisana yehlisa ukubambezeleka

Ukwabiwa Kobungozi Ku-NEC

I-NEC isebenzisa indlela yokwabelana ubungozi ngokubambisana:

Ihlelo le-early warning - Ihlangothi zombili kumele zazise ngobunzima obungavela
Compensation events - Izehlakalo ezichaziweko ezibangela ukulungiswa kwesikhathi neendleko
Ubungozi obabelanako - Kugcizelelwa ukukhambisa iingcinamba ngokubambisana
Ukubeka izinto zibonakale - Ukukhuluma ngokuvuleleka nokwabelana ubungozi

I-NEC yakhelwe ukunciphisa iingxabano ngokusebenzisa i-early warning nokusebenza ngokubambisana, nanyana idinga ukuphathwa kwekontraka okutjhisekako.

Ukurarululwa Kweengxabano Ku-NEC

I-NEC inenqubo ehleleke khudlwana yokurarulula iingxabano:

Early warning - Iingcinamba zibonwa msinyana ngehlelo lesexwayiso
Isiqunto se-Project Manager - Isiqunto sokuqala sitjhiwo yi-project manager
Adjudication - Iingxabano zidluliselwa ku-adjudication (msinya kuno-arbitration)
Arbitration/Litigation - Ukurarululwa kokugcina nakube kutlhogeka

Ihlelo le-early warning le-NEC lisiza ukuvimbela iingxabano, begodu i-adjudication ivamise ukukhawuleza ukudlula i-arbitration.

GCC: Indinganiso Kahulumende

I-General Conditions of Contract for Construction Works (GCC) iphoqelelwa emaphrojekthini amanengi weminyango kahulumende eSewula Afrika. Itlolwa yi-South African Institution of Civil Engineering (SAICE) begodu iyafuneka kumaphrojekthi awela ngaphasi kwemigomo ye-CIDB.

Iqembu Leenkontraka Ze-GCC

Iqembu le-GCC lifaka:

GCC 2015 - Uhlobo olukhona nje lomsebenzi wokwakha, olushicilelwe yi-SAICE.

GCC for Engineering and Construction Works - Yamaphrojekthi wobunjiniyela.

GCC for Small Works - Uhlobo olulula lwamaphrojekthi amancani.

Lapho Isetjenziswa Khona i-GCC

I-GCC isetjenziswa khulukhulu ku:

Amaphrojekthi weminyango kahulumende wenarha - Amaphrojekthi enziwa minyango kahulumende wenarha
Imisebenzi kahulumende yeprovinsi - Amaphrojekthi wokwakha weprovinsi
Amaphrojekthi kamasipala - Lapho kungasetjenziswa i-NEC, omasipala abanengi basebenzisa i-GCC
Ukwakhiwa komphakathi okuphoqelelwe yi-CIDB - Amaphrojekthi awela ngaphasi kwemigomo ye-CIDB
Amaphrojekthi endabuko we-measure-and-value - Amaphrojekthi asebenzisa ukukala nokulinganisa kwendabuko

Inqubo Yeentlawulo Ze-GCC

I-GCC isebenzisa indlela yendabuko ye-measure-and-value:

Ukukalwa kwenyanga - I-Engineer ikala umsebenzi oqediweko ngesikhathi senyanga
Isetifikhethi se-Engineer - I-Engineer ikhipha isetifikhethi sentlawulo sanyanga
Okuqukethwe yisetifikhethi - Kufaka inani lomsebenzi okaliweko, izinto esizeni, ukusikwa kwe-retention (imvamisa 5-10%), iintlawulo zangaphambilini, nemali efaneleko
Intlawulo - Iklayenti likhokha kungakapheli iintsuku ezima-30 ngemva kokukhutjhwa kwesetifikhethi
Isetifikhethi sokugcina - Ngemva kokuphothulwa, kukhutjhwa i-Final Payment Certificate

Iimpawu ezisemqoka:

Inqubo yokukala ehlelekileko
Iinsethifikhethi zanyanga
I-retention ikhululwa ngamazinga
Imithetho yeentlawulo: iintsuku ezima-30 (ide khudlwana kune-JBCC)

Ukwabiwa Kobungozi Ku-GCC

I-GCC ilandela indlela yendabuko ebeka ubungozi obunengi kunokontileka:

Ubungozi bonokontileka: Inengi lobungozi bephrojekthi, kufaka iimo zomhlabathi, ukubambezeleka kwesimo sezulu, ukwanda kweendleko
Ubungozi beklayenti: Buncani - khulukhulu amaphutha womdwebo ne-force majeure
Inqubo ehlelekileko - Ukuhunyutjhwa okuqinileko kwemigomo yekontraka

I-GCC ijayele ukwaba ubungozi obunengi kunokontileka, okungenza kube budisi kubokontileka kodwana kunikela amaklayenti ukuqiniseka okunengi.

Ukurarululwa Kweengxabano Ku-GCC

I-GCC isebenzisa inqubo ehlelekileko yokurarulula iingxabano:

Isiqunto se-Engineer - Isiqunto sokuqala sitjhiwo yi-engineer
Dispute Adjudication Board - Kungasetjenziswa i-DAB ngeengxabano
Arbitration - Ukurarululwa kokugcina nge-arbitration
Litigation - Kungaya enkantolo

Inqubo ye-GCC ihlelekile begodu ingathatha isikhathi eside, iingxabano zivamise ukudinga i-arbitration.

FIDIC: Indinganiso Yamazwe Ngamazwe

Iinkontraka ze-FIDIC (Federation Internationale des Ingenieurs-Conseils) zisetjenziswa khulukhulu kumaphrojekthi wamazwe ngamazwe nomsebenzi owela imingcele eSewula Afrika. Nanyana zingakavami njenge-JBCC, NEC, nofana GCC, i-FIDIC ibalulekileko kubokontileka bamazwe ngamazwe namaphrojekthi anemali evela ngaphandle.

Iqembu Leenkontraka Ze-FIDIC

Iqembu le-FIDIC lifaka:

FIDIC Red Book - Conditions of Contract for Construction for Building and Engineering Works Designed by the Employer.

FIDIC Yellow Book - Conditions of Contract for Plant and Design-Build.

FIDIC Silver Book - Conditions of Contract for EPC/Turnkey Projects.

FIDIC Green Book - Short Form of Contract.

Lapho Isetjenziswa Khona i-FIDIC

I-FIDIC isetjenziswa khulukhulu ku:

Amaphrojekthi wamazwe ngamazwe - Amaphrojekthi anokontileka bamazwe ngamazwe nofana imali yamazwe ngamazwe
Umsebenzi owela imingcele - Amaphrojekthi adlula emazweni amanengi
Imali yamazwe ngamazwe - Amaphrojekthi axhaswe mabhanga wokuthuthukisa wamazwe ngamazwe
I-infrastructure enkulu - Amanye amaphrojekthi amakhulu we-infrastructure akhetha i-FIDIC

Inqubo Yeentlawulo Ze-FIDIC

I-FIDIC isebenzisa indlela yendabuko yeensethifikhethi zeentlawulo efana ne-GCC:

Iinsethifikhethi zeentlawulo zanyanga ezisekelwe emsebenzini okaliweko
I-Engineer ikhipha iinsethifikhethi
Intlawulo ngesikhathi esiveziweko (imvamisa iintsuku ezima-56)
I-retention imvamisa 5-10%

Ukwabiwa Kobungozi Ku-FIDIC

Ukwabiwa kobungozi be-FIDIC buyatjhuguluka ngokweforomo yekontraka:

Red Book - Ukwabiwa kobungozi obulinganiselweko
Yellow Book - Ubungozi obunengi bunikelwa kunokontileka (design-build)
Silver Book - Ubungozi obukhulu bunikelwa kunokontileka (EPC/turnkey)

Ukurarululwa Kweengxabano Ku-FIDIC

I-FIDIC isebenzisa ama-Dispute Adjudication Boards (DABs) ne-arbitration:

Isiqunto se-Engineer - Isiqunto sokuqala sitjhiwo yi-engineer
DAB - Iingxabano zidluliselwa ku-Dispute Adjudication Board
Arbitration - Ukurarululwa kokugcina nge-arbitration

Iivumelwano Zama-Subcontract

Iivumelwano zama-subcontract zisetjenziswa nakube abakhi abakhulu babandakanya ama-subcontractor. Inhlobo yesivumelwano se-subcontract incike endleleni i-subcontractor ekhethwe ngayo.

Ama-Subcontractor Anikelweko (Nominated)

Ama-subcontractor anikelweko akhethwa liklayenti nofana i-principal agent. Umakhi oyinhloko uphatha umsebenzi wawo kodwana ulawula kancani ekukhethweni.

Iimpawu:

Akhethwa liklayenti/i-principal agent
Umakhi oyinhloko uphatha umsebenzi
Iklayenti livamise ukukhokha ngqo nofana ngomakhi oyinhloko
Umakhi oyinhloko unobudisi obulinganiselweko ekusebenzeni kwe-subcontractor anikelweko

Kujayelekile ku: Amaphrojekthi we-JBCC lapho iklayenti lifuna abanikeli nofana iingcali ezithileko.

Ama-Subcontractor Wendabuko (Domestic)

Ama-subcontractor wendabuko akhethwa mumakhi oyinhloko. Umakhi oyinhloko unokulawula okupheleleko ekukhethweni nasekuphathweni.

Iimpawu:

Akhethwa mumakhi oyinhloko
Umakhi oyinhloko uphatha umsebenzi
Umakhi oyinhloko ukhokha i-subcontractor
Umakhi oyinhloko unomthwalo opheleleko ekusebenzeni kwe-subcontractor

Kujayelekile ku: Zoke iinhlobo zeenkontraka lapho umakhi oyinhloko akhetha ama-subcontractor.

Amaforomo Wezivumelwano Ze-Subcontract

Iivumelwano ze-subcontract imvamisa zilingisa iforomo yekontraka eyinhloko:

JBCC Nominated/Selected Subcontract Agreement - Yamaphrojekthi we-JBCC
NEC Subcontract - Yamaphrojekthi we-NEC
GCC Subcontract - Yamaphrojekthi we-GCC
FIDIC Subcontract - Yamaphrojekthi we-FIDIC

Ithebula Lokuqhathanisa: Iinhlobo Zeenkontraka

Feature	JBCC	NEC	GCC	FIDIC
Primary Use	Private sector building works	Public sector engineering/infrastructure	Government department projects	International projects
Market Share	60-70% private sector	20-30% public sector	40-50% public sector	Small (international projects)
Payment Frequency	Monthly certificates	Bi-weekly (often)	Monthly certificates	Monthly certificates
Payment Terms	14-21 days	Varies by option	30 days	Typically 56 days
Payment Basis	Work completed (lump sum)	Activities/target cost	Measure and value	Measure and value
Retention	5-10% typical	Varies by option	5-10% typical	5-10% typical
Risk Allocation	Balanced traditional	Collaborative/shared	Contractor-heavy	Varies by form
Dispute Resolution	Adjudication -> Arbitration	Early warning -> Adjudication	DAB -> Arbitration	DAB -> Arbitration
Variation Process	Formal variation orders	Compensation events	Formal variation orders	Variation orders
Early Warning System	No	Yes (mandatory)	No	No
Collaborative Approach	Moderate	High	Low	Moderate
Complexity	Moderate	High	Moderate	High
Typical Project Value	R500K - R100M+	R10M - R1B+	R1M - R500M+	R50M - R10B+
Best For	Private building projects	Public infrastructure/engineering	Government department works	International projects
Contract Administration	Principal Agent	Project Manager	Engineer	Engineer

Izinto Ezithinta Ukukhethwa Kwenhlobo Yekontraka

Kunezinto ezinengi ezithinta ukuthi kusebenziswe yiphi inhlobo yekontraka:

Umkhakha Wephrojekthi

Ukwakha komkhakha wangasese - I-JBCC yindinganiso
I-infrastructure yomphakathi - I-NEC nofana i-GCC kuye ngokuthi liklayenti lini
Iminyango kahulumende - I-GCC ivamise ukuphoqelelwa
Amaphrojekthi wamazwe ngamazwe - I-FIDIC ijayelekile

Iimfuno Zeklayenti

Umyalo weklayenti - Amaklayenti amanengi atjho iforomo yekontraka emadokhumentini wethenda
Ukuthanda kweklayenti - Amanye amaklayenti athanda iiforomo ezithileko ngokuya ngelwazi
Iimfuno zomthetho - Amanye amaphrojekthi afuneka ngokomthetho iiforomo ezithileko

Inhlobo Yephrojekthi

Umsebenzi wokwakha - I-JBCC ifanele
I-infrastructure/ubunjiniyela - I-NEC nofana i-GCC ifanele
Umsebenzi wamazwe ngamazwe - I-FIDIC ifanele

Isifiso Sokwamukela Ubungozi

Ubungozi obulinganiselweko - I-JBCC nofana i-FIDIC Red Book
Ukwabelana ubungozi ngokubambisana - I-NEC
Iklayenti lifuna ukuqiniseka - I-GCC nofana i-FIDIC Silver Book

Okuthandwa Eentlawulweni

Iintlawulo zanyanga zendabuko - I-JBCC, GCC, FIDIC
Iintlawulo ezivama khudlwana - I-NEC
Iintlawulo ezisekelwe emisebenzini - I-NEC

Iindlela Zeentlawulo Ngenhlobo Yekontraka

Ukwazi ukuthi iintlawulo zisebenza njani ngaphasi kwenhlobo ngayinye yekontraka kuqakathekile ekuphathweni kwe-cash flow.

Indlela Yeentlawulo Ze-JBCC

Iinsethifikhethi zeentlawulo zesikhatjhana zanyanga zikhutjhwa yi-Principal Agent
Intlawulo ngaphakathi kweentsuku ezi-14-21 kusukela ekukhutjhweni kwesetifikhethi
I-retention imvamisa 5-10%, ikhululwa ngamazinga
Amatjhuguluko afakwa eensethifikhethini nawavunyiweko

Ngeenkcukacha ezijulileko, bona umhlahlandlela wethu we-JBCC payment certificate guide.

Indlela Yeentlawulo Ze-NEC

Iinsethifikhethi zeentlawulo zamasonto amabili nofana zanyanga zikhutjhwa yi-Project Manager
Isisekelo seentlawulo semisebenzi nofana i-target cost
Intlawulo ngesikhathi esiveziweko (kuyatjhuguluka nge-option yekontraka)
Compensation events zifakwa eentlawulweni
Ihlelo le-early warning lisiza ukuvimbela iingxabano zeentlawulo

Indlela Yeentlawulo Ze-GCC

Iinsethifikhethi zeentlawulo zanyanga zikhutjhwa yi-Engineer
Isisekelo seentlawulo se-measure-and-value
Intlawulo ngaphakathi kweentsuku ezima-30 kusukela ekukhutjhweni kwesetifikhethi
I-retention imvamisa 5-10%, ikhululwa ngamazinga
Inqubo yokukala ehlelekileko

Indlela Yeentlawulo Ze-FIDIC

Iinsethifikhethi zeentlawulo zanyanga zikhutjhwa yi-Engineer
Isisekelo seentlawulo se-measure-and-value
Intlawulo ngaphakathi kweentsuku ezima-56 imvamisa (kuyatjhuguluka ngekontraka)
I-retention imvamisa 5-10%
Inqubo yokukala ehlelekileko

Ngomhlahlandlela weensethifikhethi zeentlawulo kuzo zoke iinhlobo zeenkontraka, bona umhlahlandlela wethu we-progress payment certificates in South Africa.

Ukuphatha Iinhlobo Ezinengi Zeenkontraka Zokwakha Endaweni Yinye

Ukuphatha iinsethifikhethi zeentlawulo, amatjhuguluko, ne-retention ku-JBCC, NEC, GCC ne-FIDIC kuhlelo lunye kunciphisa umsebenzi wokuphatha namaphutha weentlawulo. Isofthiwe eyakhelwe ukwakha eSewula Afrika ingakhiqiza iinsethifikhethi ezihambisana neenkontraka, ilandelele amalanga wokukhutjhwa kwe-retention, begodu ibikelele i-cash flow phakathi kweenhlobo zeenkontraka ukuze uhlale usemhloleni kwamalanga afaneleko weentlawulo begodu ugweme iingxabano.

Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa

Ngingasebenzisa yiphi inhlobo yekontraka ephrojekthini yezindlu zangasese?

Kumaphrojekthi wezindlu zangasese, i-JBCC yiforomo yekontraka ejayelekileko. Sebenzisa i-Principal Building Agreement (PBA) kumaphrojekthi angaphezu kwe-R500,000, nofana i-Minor Works Agreement kumaphrojekthi amancani angaphasi kwe-R500,000. I-JBCC iyazwisiseka kuhle kubokontileka baseSewula Afrika begodu yakhelwe ngokukhethekileko umsebenzi wokwakha.

Ngingasebenzisa i-JBCC ephrojekthini yomphakathi?

Ngokujayelekileko, awa. Amaphrojekthi womphakathi avamise ukuphoqelela i-NEC (yama-parastatal namametro) nofana i-GCC (yeminyango kahulumende). Kodwana amanye amaphrojekthi amancani womphakathi nofana aneemfuno ezikhethekileko angavumela i-JBCC. Hlola qobe amadokhumenti wethenda - azotjho iforomo yekontraka efunekako.

Umehluko muni phakathi kwe-JBCC Principal Building Agreement ne-Minor Works Agreement?

I-Principal Building Agreement (PBA) yikontraka epheleleko ye-JBCC kumaphrojekthi avamise ukuba ngaphezu kwe-R500,000. Iqukethe iimfuno ezibanzi zamatjhuguluko, ukwelulwa kwesikhathi, nokurarululwa kweengxabano. I-Minor Works Agreement yinguqulo elula yamaphrojekthi amancani angaphasi kwe-R500,000, eneenqubo ezihleleke lula neemfuno ezimbalwa ezisemthethweni.

Kubayini ama-parastatal athanda i-NEC ukudlula i-GCC?

Ama-parastatal anjenge-SANRAL, Eskom, ne-Transnet athanda i-NEC ngombana:

Indlela yokubambisana - Ihlelo le-early warning le-NEC likhuthaza ukubambisana begodu linciphisa iingxabano
Ukuphathwa kobungozi okungcono - Ihlelo le-early warning lisiza ukubona nokuphatha ubungozi kusenesikhathi
Iintlawulo ezimsinyana - Iijikelezo zeentlawulo ezivama khudlwana zithuthukisa i-cash flow yonokontileka
Indinganiso yamazwe ngamazwe - I-NEC isetjenziswa ephasini mazombe, inikela ukulingana kubokontileka bamazwe ngamazwe
Ukuguquguquka - I-NEC inikela iinkhetho ezinengi zeenkontraka (lump sum, target cost, cost reimbursable) ezihambisana neenhlobo ezihlukileko zamaphrojekthi

Ngingatjhugulula iiforomo zeenkontraka phakathi nephrojekthi?

Awa. Nasetjenti ikontraka, ubotjhwa yileforomo yekontraka kude kube sekupheleni kwephrojekthi. Ukutjhugulula iiforomo zeenkontraka phakathi nephrojekthi kungatlhoga ukuphelisa ikontraka ekhona bese kungenwa kwenye etja, into engajayelekileko begodu engakafaneli. Khetha iforomo yekontraka yakho ngokuqaphela ekuqaleni kwephrojekthi.

Ngizokwazi njani ukuthi kufanele ngisebenzise yiphi iforomo yekontraka?

Iforomo yekontraka ivamise ukutjhiwo emadokhumentini wethenda nofana encazelweni yephrojekthi. Kumaphrojekthi wokwakha wangasese, i-JBCC yindinganiso. Ku-infrastructure yomphakathi, hlola ukuthi iklayenti liphoqelela i-NEC nofana i-GCC. Nakube awuqiniseki, bonisana nommeli womthetho wokwakha nofana quantity surveyor owazi iiforomo zeenkontraka zaseSewula Afrika.

Kwenzekani nangabe ngisebenzisa iforomo yekontraka engalungileko?

Ukusebenzisa iforomo yekontraka engakalungi kungaba nemiphumela emikhulu:

Ukukhutjhwa ethendeni - Amathenda womphakathi avamise ukukhupha amabhidi angasebenzisi iforomo yekontraka etjhiwo
Ukubambezeleka kweentlawulo - Iforomo engakalungi ingadala ukudideka nokubambezeleka kweentlawulo
Ubungozi beengxabano - Iiforomo zeenkontraka zabela ubungozi ngendlela ehlukileko - ukusebenzisa engakalungi kungakubeka engozini
Iingcinamba zokuhambisana - Amaphrojekthi athileko afuna ngokomthetho iiforomo ezithileko zeenkontraka (isib. amaphrojekthi we-CIDB)

Sebenzisa qobe iforomo yekontraka etjhiwo emadokhumentini wethenda nofana esivumelwaneni sephrojekthi.

Ingabe i-Wakha iyasekela zoke iinhlobo ezikhulu zeenkontraka?

Iye. I-Wakha isekela ukukhiqizwa kweensethifikhethi zeentlawulo ze-JBCC, NEC, GCC ne-FIDIC, ukuphathwa kwamatjhuguluko, nokuphathwa kwekontraka. Ungaraga amaphrojekthi ngaphasi kweeforomo ezihlukileko zeenkontraka kuhlelo lunye, ngeendlela zokusebenza neeforomo zeensethifikhethi ezikhethekileko kuhlobo ngalunye.

Umehluko muni phakathi kwama-subcontractor anikelweko newendabuko?

Ama-subcontractor anikelweko akhethwa liklayenti nofana i-principal agent, umakhi oyinhloko wona aphathe umsebenzi wawo kodwana abe nokulawula okuncani ekukhethweni. Ama-subcontractor wendabuko akhethwa mumakhi oyinhloko, umakhi oyinhloko abe nokulawula okupheleleko nomthwalo opheleleko. Loku kuthinta ukuhamba kweentlawulo, umthwalo wemfanelo, nemisebenzi yokuphatha.

Isiphetho

Ukukhetha inhlobo efaneleko yekontraka yokwakha eSewula Afrika - i-JBCC, NEC, GCC nofana FIDIC - kuqakathekile ekuhambisaneni nethenda, ukuhamba kweentlawulo, nokwabiwa kobungozi. I-JBCC ibusela ekwakheni komkhakha wangasese; i-NEC ne-GCC zibusela emsebenzini womphakathi; i-FIDIC isebenza kumaphrojekthi wamazwe ngamazwe. Ukwazi indlela ngayinye ephatha ngayo iinsethifikhethi zeentlawulo, amatjhuguluko, nokurarulula iingxabano kukusiza ukhethe iforomo efaneleko begodu uyiphathe kuhle.

Ukuze uphathe iinhlobo zeenkontraka zokwakha eSewula Afrika - iinsethifikhethi zeentlawulo ze-JBCC, NEC, GCC ne-FIDIC, i-retention, ne-cash flow - kusukela kuplatifomo yinye eyakhelwe ukuhambisana kwasendaweni nokulethwa kwephrojekthi, bona Wakha.

I-athikili ezihlobeneko