Tinhlobo Tetinkontileka Tekwakha eNingizimu Afrika | JBCC, NEC, GCC, FIDIC

Kusebentisa luhlobo lolungakalungi lwenkontileka yekwakha eNingizimu Afrika kungenta tender yakho ingamukelwa, tinkhokhelo tibambezeleke, noma kushiye wena uphetse bungoti lobungakahloselwa kutsi bube kuwe. Baklayenti bemkhakha wahulumende bavame kufuna GCC noma NEC; kwakha kwangasese kusetjentiswa JBCC. Kungahambelani kahle kuletsa timphikiswano, kucindzeteleka kwe-cash flow, kanye nebungoti bekungalandzeli umtsetfo.

Kunetinhlelo letine letinkhulu letibusa emakethe: JBCC (Joint Building Contracts Committee) yemsebenti wekakhiwa kwangasese, NEC (New Engineering Contract) yengalasizinda yamhulumende nebunjiniyela, GCC (General Conditions of Contract) yemaphrojekthi emitamo yahulumende, kanye ne-FIDIC yemisebenti yemazwe ngemazwe. Ngasinye siphatsa payment certificate, tintjintjo, nekwehlukaniswa kwebungoti ngendlela lehlukene. Lomhlahlandlela uchaza luhlobo ngalunye lwenkontileka yekwakha eNingizimu Afrika, kutsi lusetjentiswe nini, nekutsi luphathwe njani kahle.

Sibukometi seSimo seTinkontileka Tekwakha eNingizimu Afrika

Simo setinkontileka tekwakha eNingizimu Afrika sakhiwa timfuno temkhakha, kukhetsa kwebaklayenti, nemitsetfo yekulawula. Kucacela lesimo kukusita kutsi ukhetse inkontileka lefanele futsi uyiphatse kahle.

Sabelo seMakethe ngeLuhlobo lweNkontileka

JBCC — Ibusisa kwakha kwangasese, kulinganiselwa ku-60–70% wemakethe yekwakha kwangasese
NEC — Iyakhula masinyane emkhakheni wahulumende, ikakhulukati engalasizindza nebunjiniyela, kulinganiselwa ku-20–30% wetinkontileka tahulumende
GCC — Isengumgomo lovamile kumaphrojekthi emitamo yahulumende, kulinganiselwa ku-40–50% wetinkontileka tahulumende
FIDIC — Isetjentiswa kakhulu kumaphrojekthi emhlaba wonkhe nasemisebentini lengena emingceleni, inesabelo lesincane semakethe

Kutsandvwa ngeMikhakha

Kwakha kwangasese — JBCC ngumgomo lovamile
Ingalasizindza yamhulumende — NEC noma GCC kuya ngebaklayenti
Emitamo yahulumende — GCC ivame kufunwa
Parastatal nemasipala lamakhulu — Avame kufuna NEC
Emaphrojekthi emhlaba wonkhe — FIDIC ivamile

Umthelela weMitsetfo

Imitsetfo ye-CIDB — Emaphrojekthi lamanyenti ahulumende adzinga GCC noma NEC
Tiyalo tebaklayenti — Baklayenti bahulumende bavame kusho luhlobo lwenkontileka emadokhumentini e-tender
Emazinga emboni — JBCC, NEC, GCC ne-FIDIC onkhe ayamukeleka njengemazinga emboni

JBCC: Umgomo weMkhakha Wangasese

I-Joint Building Contracts Committee (JBCC) suite yilifomu lenkontileka lelisetjentiswa kakhulu emkhakheni wangasese eNingizimu Afrika. Yakhelwe ikakhulukati imisebenti yekwakha — yekuhlala, yetebhizinisi, neyetimboni — futsi iyatsandvwa ngabatfutfukisi bemhlaba, baklayenti bangasese, kanye nebacontractor labasebenta emaphrojekthini angasese.

Tinhlelo teNkontileka te-JBCC

I-suite ye-JBCC ifaka emafomu etinkontileka lehlukene:

Principal Building Agreement (PBA) — Lena yinkontileka lenkhulu yemisebenti yekwakha, ivame kusetjentiswa kumaphrojekthi langetulu kwa-R500,000. Ifaka timiso te:

Tintjintjo ne-variation order
Kwengetwa kwesikhatsi
Payment certificate ne-interim payment
Practical completion ne-defects liability
Kusombulula timphikiswano (adjudication ne-arbitration)

Minor Works Agreement — Inkontileka leyenziwe lula yemaphrojekthi lamancane langaphansi kwa-R500,000. Inezinchubo letimfisha netimfuno letingasindi kakhulu, futsi ifanele:

Emaphrojekthi lamancane ekwakha emakhaya
Kulungiswa lokuncane
Small commercial fit-outs
Emaphrojekthi lapho bulukhuni be-PBA bugcwele bungadingeki khona

Nominated Subcontract Agreement — Yekuphatsa nominated subcontractor kumaphrojekthi e-JBCC. Nominated subcontractor bakhetfwa ngulomklayenti noma principal agent, bese main contractor aphatsa umsebenti wabo.

Selected Subcontract Agreement — Yekuphatsa selected subcontractor (subcontractor labakhetfwa ngulocontractor kepha bavunywa ngulomklayenti).

Lapho i-JBCC Isetjentiswa Khona

I-JBCC isetjentiswa kakhulu ku:

Kutfutfukiswa kwekuhlala kwangasese — Emakhaya, complex, estates
Emaphrojekthi etakhiwo letebhizinisi — Emahhovisi, tindzawo tekutsenga, ema-warehouse
Kwakha kwetimboni — Emafektri, ema-warehouse, tintfo tetimboni
Emaphrojekthi e-property development — Emaphrojekthi lagcwele kusukela ku-feasibility kuya ku-handover
Ingalasizindza yangasese — Lapho kungafunwa indlela lenye

Inchubo yeTinkhokhelo ye-JBCC

I-JBCC isebentisa inchubo yendabuko ye-interim payment certificate:

Kuhlolwa kwenyanga nenyanga — Contractor ufaka simangalo sanyanga nenyanga semsebenti lophelile
Kuhlolwa yi-Principal Agent — Principal Agent (architect noma quantity surveyor) uhlola umsebenti bese ukhipha Interim Payment Certificate (IPC)
Lokusekule certificate — IPC ifaka umsebenti lophelile, tintfo letisesizeni, kuncishiswa kwe-retention (kuvame 5–10%), tinkhokhelo letendlulile, nenani lekumele likhokhwe
Inkhokhelo — Umklayenti ukhokha emalangeni la-14–21 ngemva kwekukhishwa kwe-certificate
Final certificate — Ngemva kwe-practical completion, kukhishwa Final Payment Certificate

Timphawu letisemcoka:

Ti-certificate tikhishwa inyanga nenyanga
Retention iyakhululwa ngezigaba (hhafu ku-practical completion, hhafu yekugcina ekupheleni kwe-defects liability period)
Tintjintjo tifakwa kuma-certificate uma tivunyiwe
Imibandzela yenkhokhelo: emalanga la-14–21 kusukela ngelilanga le-certificate

Ngemininingwane lejulile nge-JBCC payment certificate, buka umhlahlandlela wetfu JBCC payment certificate guide.

Kwehlukaniswa kweBungoti ku-JBCC

I-JBCC ilandzela indlela yendabuko yekwehlukanisa bungoti:

Bungoti be-contractor: Ikhwalithi yemsebenti, tintfo, kubambezeleka kwesikhatsi (ngaphandle uma kuvumelekile), kudlula kubhadzeti
Bungoti bemklayenti: Emaphutsa e-design (uma design iletwe ngumklayenti), force majeure, simo semhlabatsi (uma singakadalulwa)
Bungoti lobabelwana ngabo: Tintjintjo, kubambezeleka lokubangelwa ngumklayenti noma i-agent

I-JBCC inebhalansi letsite, kepha ingaphendvuka ibe nengcikitsi yemphikiswano uma kuvuka timphikiswano, ngobe kwehlukaniswa kwebungoti kuvame kuhunyushwa ngekuqinile.

Kusombulula Timphikiswano ku-JBCC

I-JBCC isebentisa inchubo yendabuko yekusombulula timphikiswano:

Sincumo se-Principal Agent — Sincumo sekucala sinikwa principal agent
Adjudication — Timphikiswano tingahanjiswa ku-adjudication
Arbitration — Kusombulula kwekugcina nge-arbitration
Litigation — Kungachubeka etinkantolo uma arbitration ingaphumeleli

Lendlela ingahamba kancane futsi ibe nekulwisana, timphikiswano tivame kukhuphukela ku-arbitration noma litigation.

NEC: Umgomo weMkhakha Wahulumende neBunjiniyela

I-suite ye-New Engineering Contract (NEC) seyandze kakhulu emkhakheni wahulumende eNingizimu Afrika nasemaphrojekthini ebunjiniyela. Yacala e-UK, kantsi i-NEC4 seyemukelwe ngema-parastatal nemetro lamakhulu aseNingizimu Afrika ngekusebenta kwengalasizindza nebunjiniyela.

Tinhlelo teNkontileka te-NEC

I-suite ye-NEC ifaka emafomu etinkontileka lehlukene:

NEC4 Engineering and Construction Contract (ECC) — Lena yinkontileka lenkhulu yebunjiniyela nekwakha. Inika options letinyenti:

Option A: Priced contract lene-activity schedule
Option B: Priced contract lene-bill of quantities
Option C: Target contract lene-activity schedule
Option D: Target contract lene-bill of quantities
Option E: Cost reimbursable contract
Option F: Management contract

NEC4 Professional Services Contract (PSC) — Yebachwepheshe netinsita te-professional.

NEC4 Term Service Contract — Yekugcinwa kwemisebenti netinkontileka tetinsita letichubekako.

Lapho i-NEC Isetjentiswa Khona

I-NEC isetjentiswa kakhulu ku:

Emaphrojekthi emigwaco ye-SANRAL — Kwakhiwa nekulungiswa kwemigwaco yavelonkhe neyesifundza
Ingalasizindza yemandla ye-Eskom — Emaphrojekthi ekukhiqiza, kudlulisa, nekusabalalisa emandla
Emaphrojekthi esitimela netichweba e-Transnet — Ingalasizindza yesitimela, tintfo tetichweba, ingalasizindza ye-logistics
Emaphrojekthi engalasizindza yemetro — City of Cape Town, City of Johannesburg, neminye imetro
Ingalasizindza yemanzi — Rand Water, boMasipala, kuhlantwa nekusabalalisa emanti
Emaphrojekthi ebunjiniyela — Emaphrojekthi ladzinga kubambisana ne-early warning system

Inchubo yeTinkhokhelo ye-NEC

I-NEC isebentisa inchubo yenkhokhelo lencike ku-activity noma target cost, kuye nge-option lekhetsiwe:

Kuphela kwe-activity — Contractor uphetsa activities (noma afinyelele target cost milestones)
Kuhlolwa yi-Project Manager — Project Manager uhlola umsebenti lophelile
Payment certificate — Project Manager ukhipha payment certificate (kuvame njalo emavikini lamabili)
Lokusekule certificate — Ifaka inani lama-activity laphelile, target cost percentage (uma kuyi-Option C/D), retention (uma ikhona), tinkhokhelo letendlulile, nenani lekumele likhokhwe
Inkhokhelo — Umklayenti ukhokha ngaphakathi kwesikhatsi lesibekwe enkontilekeni
Final account — Final account ilungiswa ngemva kwe-completion

Timphawu letisemcoka:

Imijikeleto yetinkhokhelo ivama kuba msinyane (kuvame emavikini lamabili)
Inkhokhelo incike ku-activity noma target cost
Early warning system isita kuvimbela timphikiswano tetinkhokhelo
Indlela yekubambisana yehlisa kubambezeleka

Kwehlukaniswa kweBungoti ku-NEC

I-NEC isebentisa indlela yekubambisana ekwehlukaniseni bungoti:

Early warning system — Lomabili emacembu kufanele atisane ngetinkinga letingavela
Compensation events — Timo letichaziwe letibangela kulungiswa kwesikhatsi netindleko
Bungoti lobabelwana ngabo — Kugcizelelwa kusombulula tinkinga ngekubambisana
Kuvuleleka — Kukhuluma lokuvulekile nekwehlukaniswa kwebungoti

I-NEC yakhelwe kwehlisa timphikiswano nge-early warning nekusebenta ngekubambisana, noma kunjalo idzinga kuphatfwa kwenkontileka lokusebenta nsuku tonkhe.

Kusombulula Timphikiswano ku-NEC

I-NEC inenchubo lehlelekile yekusombulula timphikiswano:

Early warning — Tinkinga tibonwa kusenesikhatsi nge-system yetexwayiso
Sincumo se-Project Manager — Sincumo sekucala sinikwa project manager
Adjudication — Timphikiswano titfunyelwa ku-adjudication (kushesha kunearbitration)
Arbitration/Litigation — Kusombulula kwekugcina uma kudzingeka

I-early warning system ye-NEC isita kuvimbela timphikiswano, futsi adjudication ivame kushesha kunearbitration.

GCC: Umgomo waHulumende

I-General Conditions of Contract for Construction Works (GCC) ifunwa kumaphrojekthi lamanyenti emitamo yahulumende eNingizimu Afrika. Ishicilelwa yi-South African Institution of Civil Engineering (SAICE) futsi iyadingeka kumaphrojekthi lawela ngaphansi kwemitsetfo ye-CIDB.

Tinhlelo teNkontileka te-GCC

I-suite ye-GCC ifaka:

GCC 2015 — Inguqulo yamanje yemisebenti yekwakha, leshicilelwe yi-SAICE.

GCC for Engineering and Construction Works — Yemaprojekthi ebunjiniyela.

GCC for Small Works — Inguqulo lelungiswe lula yemaphrojekthi lamancane.

Lapho i-GCC Isetjentiswa Khona

I-GCC isetjentiswa kakhulu ku:

Emaphrojekthi emitamo yahulumende welive — Emaphrojekthi entiwa yimitamo yahulumende welive
Imisebenti yahulumende wesifundza — Emaphrojekthi ekwakha esifundzeni
Emaphrojekthi boMasipala — Lapho kungasetjentiswa NEC, boMasipala labanyenti basebentisa GCC
Kwakha kwamhulumende lokulawulwa yi-CIDB — Emaphrojekthi lawela ngaphansi kwemitsetfo ye-CIDB
Emaphrojekthi e-measure-and-value — Emaphrojekthi lasebentisa kuphima nekwenanisa

Inchubo yeTinkhokhelo ye-GCC

I-GCC isebentisa inchubo yendabuko ye-measure-and-value:

Kuphima kwenyanga nenyanga — Engineer uphima umsebenti lophelile ngenyanga
Certificate ye-Engineer — Engineer ukhipha payment certificate yenyanga nenyanga
Lokusekule certificate — Ifaka inani lemsebenti lophimiwe, tintfo letisesizeni, kuncishiswa kwe-retention (kuvame 5–10%), tinkhokhelo letendlulile, nenani lekumele likhokhwe
Inkhokhelo — Umklayenti ukhokha emalangeni la-30 ngemva kwekukhishwa kwe-certificate
Final certificate — Ngemva kwe-completion, kukhishwa Final Payment Certificate

Timphawu letisemcoka:

Inchubo yekuphima lesemtsetfweni
Ti-certificate tenyanga nenyanga
Retention ikhishwa ngezigaba
Imibandzela yenkhokhelo: emalanga la-30 (lendze kuneye-JBCC)

Kwehlukaniswa kweBungoti ku-GCC

I-GCC ilandzela indlela yendabuko lebeka bungoti lobukhulu ku-contractor:

Bungoti be-contractor: Bungoti lobuningi bephrojekthi, kufaka simo semhlabatsi, kubambezeleka kwesimo selitulu, kudlula kwetindleko
Bungoti bemklayenti: Buncane — ikakhulukati emaphutsa e-design ne-force majeure
Inchubo yesemtsetfweni — Kuhunyushwa lokucinile kwemigomo yenkontileka

I-GCC ivame kubeka bungoti lobunyenti ku-contractor, lokungenta kube matima kubacontractor kepha kunika baklayenti siciniseko lesikhulu.

Kusombulula Timphikiswano ku-GCC

I-GCC isebentisa inchubo yesemtsetfweni yekusombulula timphikiswano:

Sincumo se-Engineer — Sincumo sekucala sinikwa engineer
Dispute Adjudication Board — DAB ingasetjentiswa ku-timphikiswano
Arbitration — Kusombulula kwekugcina nge-arbitration
Litigation — Kungachubeka etinkantolo

Inchubo ye-GCC isemtsetfweni futsi ingahamba kancane, timphikiswano tivame kudzinga arbitration.

FIDIC: Umgomo wemhlaba wonkhe

Tinkontileka te-FIDIC (Fédération Internationale des Ingénieurs-Conseils) tisetjentiswa kakhulu kumaphrojekthi emhlaba wonkhe nasemisebentini lengena emingceleni eNingizimu Afrika. Noma ingakabi yandze njenge-JBCC, NEC, noma GCC, i-FIDIC ibalulekile kubacontractor bemhlaba wonkhe nakumaphrojekthi lanezimali temhlaba wonkhe.

Tinhlelo teNkontileka te-FIDIC

I-suite ye-FIDIC ifaka:

FIDIC Red Book — Conditions of Contract for Construction for Building and Engineering Works Designed by the Employer.

FIDIC Yellow Book — Conditions of Contract for Plant and Design-Build.

FIDIC Silver Book — Conditions of Contract for EPC/Turnkey Projects.

FIDIC Green Book — Short Form of Contract.

Lapho i-FIDIC Isetjentiswa Khona

I-FIDIC isetjentiswa kakhulu ku:

Emaphrojekthi emhlaba wonkhe — Emaphrojekthi labanebacontractor bemhlaba wonkhe noma imali yaphandle
Imisebenti lengena emingceleni — Emaphrojekthi lasabalale emaveni lamanyenti
Imali yentfutfuko yemhlaba wonkhe — Emaphrojekthi latfola imali kumabhange entfutfuko emhlaba wonkhe
Ingalasizindza lenkhulu — Lamanye emaphrojekthi engalasizindza lenkhulu akhetsa FIDIC

Inchubo yeTinkhokhelo ye-FIDIC

I-FIDIC isebentisa inchubo yendabuko ye-payment certificate lefana ne-GCC:

Payment certificate yenyanga nenyanga lesekelwe emsebentini lophimiwe
Engineer ukhipha ti-certificate
Inkhokhelo ngaphakathi kwesikhatsi lesishiwo (kuvame emalanga la-56)
Retention ivame kuba 5–10%

Kwehlukaniswa kweBungoti ku-FIDIC

Kwehlukaniswa kwebungoti ku-FIDIC kuyehluka ngefomu lenkontileka:

Red Book — Kwehlukaniswa kwebungoti lokulinganiselwe
Yellow Book — Bungoti lobuningi ku-contractor (design-build)
Silver Book — Bungoti lobukhulu ku-contractor (EPC/turnkey)

Kusombulula Timphikiswano ku-FIDIC

I-FIDIC isebentisa Dispute Adjudication Boards (DABs) ne-arbitration:

Sincumo se-Engineer — Sincumo sekucala sinikwa engineer
DAB — Timphikiswano titfunyelwa ku-Dispute Adjudication Board
Arbitration — Kusombulula kwekugcina nge-arbitration

Tinkontileka te-Subcontract

Tinkontileka te-subcontract tisetjentiswa uma main contractor atfola subcontractor. Luhlobo lwe-subcontract agreement luncike ekutseni subcontractor ukhetfwe njani.

Nominated Subcontractor

Nominated subcontractor bakhetfwa ngumklayenti noma principal agent. Main contractor uphatsa umsebenti wabo kepha unelulawulo lolulinganiselwe ekukhetseni.

Timphawu:

Bakhetfwa ngumklayenti/principal agent
Main contractor uphatsa umsebenti
Umklayenti uvame kukhokha ngco noma nge-main contractor
Main contractor unebopho lolulinganiselwe ekusebenteni kwe-nominated subcontractor

Kuvamile ku: Emaphrojekthi e-JBCC lapho umklayenti afuna bahlinzeki noma bochwepheshe labatsite.

Domestic Subcontractor

Domestic subcontractor bakhetfwa yi-main contractor. Main contractor unelulawulo lolugcwele ekukhetseni nasekuphatseni.

Timphawu:

Bakhetfwa yi-main contractor
Main contractor uphatsa umsebenti
Main contractor ukhokha subcontractor
Main contractor unebopho lolugcwele ekusebenteni kwe-subcontractor

Kuvamile ku: Tonkhe tinhlobo tetinkontileka lapho main contractor akhetsa subcontractor.

Emafomu e-Subcontract Agreement

Subcontract agreement ivame kulandzela ifomu le-main contract:

JBCC Nominated/Selected Subcontract Agreement — Yemaphrojekthi e-JBCC
NEC Subcontract — Yemaphrojekthi e-NEC
GCC Subcontract — Yemaphrojekthi e-GCC
FIDIC Subcontract — Yemaphrojekthi e-FIDIC

Lithebula LekuCatsanisa: Tinhlobo Tetinkontileka

Sici	JBCC	NEC	GCC	FIDIC
Kusetjentiswa Lokukhulu	Umsebenti wekwakha wangasese	Bunjiniyela/ingalasizindza yamhulumende	Emaphrojekthi emitamo yahulumende	Emaphrojekthi emhlaba wonkhe
Sabelo seMakethe	60–70% wangasese	20–30% wahulumende	40–50% wahulumende	Lincane (emaphrojekthi emhlaba wonkhe)
Kuvama kweTinkhokhelo	Ti-certificate tenyanga nenyanga	Emavikini lamabili (kuvame)	Ti-certificate tenyanga nenyanga	Ti-certificate tenyanga nenyanga
Imibandzela yeTinkhokhelo	Emalanga la-14–21	Kuyehluka nge-option	Emalanga la-30	Kuvame emalanga la-56
Sisekelo seTinkhokhelo	Umsebenti lophelile (lump sum)	Activities/target cost	Measure and value	Measure and value
Retention	Kuvame 5–10%	Kuyehluka nge-option	Kuvame 5–10%	Kuvame 5–10%
Kwehlukaniswa kweBungoti	Kulinganisela kwendabuko	Kubambisana/kubelana	Contractor-heavy	Kuyehluka ngefomu
Kusombulula Timphikiswano	Adjudication → Arbitration	Early warning → Adjudication	DAB → Arbitration	DAB → Arbitration
Inchubo yeTintjintjo	Variation order yesemtsetfweni	Compensation events	Variation order yesemtsetfweni	Variation orders
Early Warning System	Cha	Yebo (iyimpoqo)	Cha	Cha
Indlela yekubambisana	Emkhatsini	Lephakeme	Lephansi	Emkhatsini
Bulukhuni	Emkhatsini	Lephakeme	Emkhatsini	Lephakeme
Inani lephrojekthi Lelivamile	R500K – R100M+	R10M – R1B+	R1M – R500M+	R50M – R10B+
Kuhle Kakhulu Ku	Emaphrojekthi ekwakha kwangasese	Ingalasizindza/bunjiniyela bahulumende	Imisebenti emitamo yahulumende	Emaphrojekthi emhlaba wonkhe
Kuphatfwa kweNkontileka	Principal Agent	Project Manager	Engineer	Engineer

Tintfo Letitsintsa Kukhetsa Luhlobo lweNkontileka

Kunetintfo letinyenti letitsintsa kutsi nguluphi luhlobo lwenkontileka lolufanele kusetjentiswe:

Umkhakha wePhrojekthi

Kwakha kwangasese — JBCC ngumgomo lovamile
Ingalasizindza yamhulumende — NEC noma GCC kuya ngebaklayenti
Emitamo yahulumende — GCC ivame kufunwa
Emaphrojekthi emhlaba wonkhe — FIDIC ivamile

Timfuno teMklayenti

Umyalo wemklayenti — Baklayenti labanyenti basho ifomu lenkontileka emadokhumentini e-tender
Kukhetsa kwemklayenti — Labanye baklayenti bakhetsa emafomu latsite ngekuya ngelwati lwabo
Timfuno temtsetfo — Lamanye emaphrojekthi adzinga emafomu latsite etinkontileka ngemthetho

Luhlobo lwePhrojekthi

Imisebenti yekwakha — JBCC ifanele
Ingalasizindza/bunjiniyela — NEC noma GCC ifanele
Yemhlaba wonkhe — FIDIC ifanele

Kwamukela Bungoti

Bungoti lobulinganiselwe — JBCC noma FIDIC Red Book
Kwebelana bungoti ngekubambisana — NEC
Umklayenti ufuna siciniseko — GCC noma FIDIC Silver Book

Lokutsandvwako ngeTinkhokhelo

Tinkhokhelo tendabuko tenyanga nenyanga — JBCC, GCC, FIDIC
Tinkhokhelo letivama kakhulu — NEC
Tinkhokhelo letisekelwe ku-activity — NEC

Tindlela teTinkhokhelo ngeLuhlobo lweNkontileka

Kuva kahle kutsi tinkhokhelo tisebenta njani ngaphansi kwenhlobo ngayinye yenkontileka kubalulekile ekuphatseni cash flow.

Indlela yeTinkhokhelo ye-JBCC

Interim payment certificate tenyanga nenyanga letikhishwa yi-Principal Agent
Inkhokhelo emalangeni la-14–21 ngemva kwekukhishwa kwe-certificate
Retention ivame 5–10%, ikhishwa ngezigaba
Tintjintjo tifakwa kuma-certificate uma tivunyiwe

Ngemininingwane lejulile, buka umhlahlandlela wetfu JBCC payment certificate guide.

Indlela yeTinkhokhelo ye-NEC

Payment certificate emavikini lamabili noma inyanga nenyanga letikhishwa yi-Project Manager
Sisekelo senkhokhelo se-activity-based noma target cost
Inkhokhelo ngaphakathi kwesikhatsi lesibekiwe (kuyehluka nge-option yenkontileka)
Compensation events tifakwa etinkhokhelweni
Early warning system isita kuvimbela timphikiswano tetinkhokhelo

Indlela yeTinkhokhelo ye-GCC

Payment certificate tenyanga nenyanga letikhishwa yi-Engineer
Sisekelo senkhokhelo se-measure-and-value
Inkhokhelo emalangeni la-30 ngemva kwekukhishwa kwe-certificate
Retention ivame 5–10%, ikhishwa ngezigaba
Inchubo yekuphima yesemtsetfweni

Indlela yeTinkhokhelo ye-FIDIC

Payment certificate tenyanga nenyanga letikhishwa yi-Engineer
Sisekelo senkhokhelo se-measure-and-value
Inkhokhelo emalangeni la-56 kuvamile (kuye ngenkontileka)
Retention ivame 5–10%
Inchubo yekuphima yesemtsetfweni

Ngemhlahlandlela we-payment certificate kuwo onkhe emafomu etinkontileka, buka umhlahlandlela wetfu progress payment certificates in South Africa.

Kuphatsa Tinhlobo Letinyenti Tetinkontileka Tekwakha Endzaweni Yinye

Kuphatsa payment certificate, tintjintjo, ne-retention ku-JBCC, NEC, GCC ne-FIDIC kusistimu yinye kwehlisa umsebenti we-admin kanye nemaphutsa etinkhokhelo. Isoftware leyakhelwe kwakha eNingizimu Afrika ingakhipha ti-certificate letihambisana nenkontileka, ilandelele emalanga ekukhululwa kwe-retention, futsi icagelele cash flow kuwo onkhe emafomu etinkontileka ukuze uhlale ulati lusuku lweku-duea kwetinkhokhelo futhi ugweme timphikiswano.

Imibuto Levamise Kubutwa

Nguluphi luhlobo lwenkontileka lokufanele ngilusebentise kuphrojekthi yangasese yekuhlala?

Kumaphrojekthi ekuhlala kwangasese, JBCC yilifomu lenkontileka lelivamile. Sebentisa Principal Building Agreement (PBA) kumaphrojekthi langetulu kwa-R500,000, noma Minor Works Agreement kumaphrojekthi lamancane langaphansi kwa-R500,000. JBCC yatiwa kahle ngubacontractor baseNingizimu Afrika futsi yakhelwe ikakhulukati imisebenti yekwakha.

Ngingasebentisa JBCC kuphrojekthi yamhulumende?

Ngekubanti, cha. Emaphrojekthi emkhakheni wahulumende avame kufuna NEC (kuma-parastatal nemetro) noma GCC (emitameni yahulumende). Noma kunjalo, lamanye emaphrojekthi lamancane ahulumende noma lafuneko letikhetsekile angavumela JBCC. Hlola njalo emadokhumenti e-tender — atawusho ifomu lenkontileka ledzingekako.

Uyini umehluko emkhatsini we-JBCC Principal Building Agreement ne-Minor Works Agreement?

Principal Building Agreement (PBA) yinkontileka legcwele ye-JBCC yemaphrojekthi lavame kuba ngetulu kwa-R500,000. Ifaka timiso letiphelele tetintjintjo, kwekwetfwa kwesikhatsi, nekusombulula timphikiswano. Minor Works Agreement yinguqulo leyentiwe lula yemaphrojekthi lamancane langaphansi kwa-R500,000, lenetinhlaka letifushane netimfuno letincane.

Kungani ema-parastatal akhetsa NEC kunekutsi akhetsa GCC?

Ema-parastatal afana ne-SANRAL, Eskom, ne-Transnet akhetsa NEC ngobe:

Indlela yekubambisana — Early warning system ye-NEC ikhutsata kubambisana futsi yehlisa timphikiswano
Kuphatsa bungoti kahle — Early warning system isita kubona nekuphatsa bungoti kusenesikhatsi
Tinkhokhelo letisheshako — Imijikeleto yetinkhokhelo levama kakhulu ithuthukisa cash flow ye-contractor
Lizinga lemhlaba wonkhe — NEC isetjentiswa emhlabeni wonkhe, iletsa kufana kubacontractor bemhlaba wonkhe
Kuguquguquka — NEC inika options letinyenti (lump sum, target cost, cost reimbursable) kuhlangabetana netinhlobo letehlukene temaphrojekthi

Ngingagucula ifomu lenkontileka phakathi kwephrojekthi?

Cha. Uma inkontileka seyisayiniwe, uboshelwe kuleyo ndlela yonkhe inkathi yephrojekthi. Kugucula emafomu emkhatsini wephrojekthi kungadzinga kuvala inkontileka yekucala bese kungena entsha, lokungavamile kutsi kusebente noma kunconywe. Khetsa ifomu lenkontileka ngekunakekela ekucaleni kwephrojekthi.

Ngikwati njani kutsi ngisebentise liphi lifomu lenkontileka?

Lifomu lenkontileka livame kushunyayelwa emadokhumentini e-tender noma ku-project brief. Kumaphrojekthi ekwakha kwangasese, JBCC ngumgomo. Kwingalasizindza yamhulumende, hlola kutsi umklayenti ufuna NEC noma GCC. Uma ungacinisekile, khuluma nemmeli wemthetho wekukha noma quantity surveyor lowati emafomu etinkontileka aseNingizimu Afrika.

Kwentekani uma ngisebentisa lifomu lenkontileka leliphutsa?

Kusebentisa lifomu leliphutsa kungaba nemiphumela lemikhulu:

Kuphuma etender — Tenders tahulumende tivame kukhipha tifakelo letingasebentisi lifomu lelishiwo
Kubambezeleka kwetinkhokhelo — Lifomu leliphutsa lingadala kudideka nekubambezeleka kwetinkhokhelo
Bungoti betimphikiswano — Emafomu etinkontileka ehlukanisa bungoti ngekuhlukile — kusebentisa leliphutsa kungakushiya uvulekile ebungotini
Tinkinga tekulandzela — Lamanye emaphrojekthi adzinga emafomu latsite ngemthetho (sib. emaphrojekthi e-CIDB)

Sebentisa njalo lifomu lenkontileka lelishiwo emadokhumentini e-tender noma kusivumelwano sephrojekthi.

Ngabe i-Wakha isekela tonkhe tinhlobo letinkhulu tetinkontileka?

Yebo. I-Wakha isekela kukhishwa kwe-payment certificate ye-JBCC, NEC, GCC ne-FIDIC, kuphatsa tintjintjo, nekulawulwa kwenkontileka. Ungaphatsa emaphrojekthi ngeemaformu lehlukene etinkontileka kusistimu yinye, netinhlaka te-workflow netifomethi te-certificate letikhetsekile kulohlobo ngalunye.

Uyini umehluko emkhatsini we-nominated ne-domestic subcontractor?

Nominated subcontractor bakhetfwa ngumklayenti noma principal agent, kantsi main contractor uphatsa umsebenti wabo kepha anelulawulo loluncane ekukhetseni. Domestic subcontractor bakhetfwa yi-main contractor, ngako main contractor unelulawulo nelibopho lelugcwele. Luhlobo lolukhetsiwe lutsintsa kuhamba kwetinkhokhelo, libopho, nemisebenti yekuphatsa.

Siphetfo

Kukhetsa luhlobo lolufanele lwenkontileka yekwakha eNingizimu Afrika — JBCC, NEC, GCC noma FIDIC — kubalulekile ekulandzeleni i-tender, kugeleza kwetinkhokhelo, nekwehlukaniswa kwebungoti. JBCC ibusa kwakha kwangasese; NEC ne-GCC tibusa imisebenti yahulumende; FIDIC isebenta kumaphrojekthi emhlaba wonkhe. Kucondza kutsi ngayinye iphatsa njani payment certificate, tintjintjo nekusombulula timphikiswano kukusita kukhetsa lifomu lefanele nekuliphatsa kahle.

Kuphatsa tinhlobo tetinkontileka tekwakha eNingizimu Afrika — payment certificate ye-JBCC, NEC, GCC ne-FIDIC, retention ne-cash flow — kusuka ku-platform yinye leyakhelwe kulandzela imitsetfo yakhaya nekuletha emaphrojekthi ngempumelelo, buka Wakha.

Tihloko letihlobene