Ukuhambisana Ne-POPIA Ezikoleni: Lokho Othisha Abaphambili Abadinga Ukukwazi
Izikole zaseNingizimu Afrika zigcina inani elikhulu ledatha yabafundi nabazali—izinombolo ze-ID, imininingwane yezempilo, amarekhodi ezemfundo, ulwazi lwemali—kanti abaningi bothisha abaphambili nama-SGB abaqinisekile ukuthi i-POPIA idinga ini noma indlela yokugwema izinjana zingaba yizigidi eziyi-10 zamaRandi. Umthetho Wokuvikela Ulwazi Lomuntu Siqu (POPIA) usebenze ngokuphelele kusukela mhla ziyi-1 kuJulayi 2021, futhi i-Information Regulator ingasebenzisa izinjongo eziqinile zokungahambisani. Ukulungisa ukuhambisana ne-POPIA ezikoleni kuvikela umphakathi wakho nesikole sakho.
Lolu hlaka luchaza ukuthi yini elenza ulwazi lomuntu siqu endaweni yesikole, izimo eziyisishiyagalombili zokucubungula okusemthethweni, izidingo zemvume, imithetho yokugcina nokugcina idatha, izicelo zokuthola nokuzisa ngokuphuka, nendlela yokukhetha isoftware yokuphatha izikole ehambisana ne-POPIA. Noma wakha uhlaka lwe-POPIA lwesikole sakho noma ubuyekeza izinqubomgomo ezikhona, izigaba ezilandelayo zinikeza izinyathelo eziSebenzayo ezihambisana nokuholelwa kwe-Information Regulator.
Yini i-POPIA Nokuthi Kubaluleke Kanjani Ezikoleni
Umthetho Wokuvikela Ulwazi Lomuntu Siqu (Umthetho 4 we-2013) ngumthetho oyinhloko wokuvikela idatha eNingizimu Afrika, owenzelwe ukuvikela ulwazi lomuntu siqu kwabanye abantu kuyilapho uvumela ukucubungula idatha okunomthwalo. I-POPIA isebenza kuzo zonke izinhlangano—kubandakanya izikole—ezicubungula ulwazi lomuntu siqu, isungula izimo eziyisishiyagalombili zokucubungula okusemthethweni futhi inikeza abantu amalungelo edatha yabo yomuntu siqu.
Kungani i-POPIA ibalulekile ezikoleni:
Izikole zicubungula inani elikhulu lolwazi lomuntu siqu nsuku zonke: amagama abafundi, amakheli, izinombolo ze-ID, ulwazi lwezempilo, amarekhodi ezemfundo, imininingwane yokuxhumana nabazali, ulwazi lwezimali, nokunye. Ngaphansi kwe-POPIA, izikole ziyizinkampani ezinomthwalo ongumthetho zokuvikela lolu lwazi. Ukungahambisani kungaholela:
- Izinjongo zokuphatha: Kuze kube yizigidi eziyi-10 zamaRandi noma ukuboshwa kuze kube yiminyaka eyi-10
- Ukulimala kwedumela: Ukulahlekelwa yithemba labazali nomphakathi
- Isibopho somthetho: Izimangalo zomphakathi zokulimala kusukela kubantu abathintekayo
- Isenzo sokulawula: Ukuphoqwa yi-Information Regulator
- Ukuphazamiseka kokusebenza: Izinyathelo zokulungisa nezikahambisana eziyimpoqo
Izimo eziyisishiyagalombili ze-POPIA zokucubungula okusemthethweni:
| Isimo | Kusho ukuthini ezikoleni |
|---|---|
| Ukuphendula | Qinisekisa ukuhambisana ne-POPIA; thola i-Information Officer bese ubhalisa ne-Information Regulator. |
| Ukukhawulela ukucubungula | Qoqa futhi ucubungule kuphela ulwazi lomuntu siqu oludingekayo ngenhloso ethile. |
| Ukucacisa inhloso | Qoqa ngezinhloso ezithile, ezingumthetho bese wazisa abathintekayo ukuthi uqoqa ini nokuthi kungani. |
| Ukukhawulela ukucubungula okuqhubekayo | Sebenzisa ulwazi kuphela ngenhloso yokuqala noma izinhloso ezihambisana; ngaphandle thola imvume noma sikelele emthethweni. |
| Ikhwalithi yolwazi | Gcina ulwazi lunembile, luphelele futhi luvuselelwe; vumela ukulungisa. |
| Ukuvuleleka | Sobala ngendlela ocubungula ngayo idatha; nikeza izaziso bese uphendula izicelo zokuthola. |
| Ukuvikelwa kwezokuphepha | Sebenzisa izindlela zobuchwepheshe nezenhlangano ukuvikela idatha ekulahlekelweni, ekutholweni ngokungemvume noma ekushintshweni. |
| Ukubamba iqhaza kwabathintekayo | Vumela abantu ukuthola, balungise futhi, lapho kungumthetho, basule ulwazi lwabo lomuntu siqu. |
Ukuqonda lezi zimo kuyisisekelo sokuhambisana ne-POPIA ezikoleni.
Yini Elenza Ulwazi Lomuntu Siqu Ezikoleni?
I-POPIA ichaza “ulwazi lomuntu siqu” ngokubanzi njenganoma yiluphi ulwazi oluphathelene nomuntu ophilayo, ongabonakala, noma inhlangano. Endaweni yesikole, lokhu kufaka uhlobo olubanzi lwedatha mayelana nabafundi, abazali, abagadeli, abasebenzi, nabanye abantu.
Ulwazi Lomuntu Siqu Lwabafundi
Izikole ziqoqa ulwazi oluningi lomuntu siqu mayelana nabafundi:
Ulwazi lobunikazi: Amagama aphelele namagama okugcina, izinombolo zebunikazi (izinombolo ze-ID noma zephasipoti), usuku lokuzalwa, ubulili, ubulili (uma kuqoqwe ngezinhlozo zokubika), isizwe, ulimi lwasekhaya.
Ulwazi lokuxhumana: Ikheli lokuhlala, ikheli leposi, amakheli e-imeyili, izinombolo zocingo (ekhaya, ephathekayo, okuxhumana nge emergency), imininingwane yokuxhumana nabazali/abagadeli.
Ulwazi lwezemfundo: Izinombolo zabafundi (izinombolo ze-LURITS), izinsuku zokungena, ibanga nokubelwa kwekilasi, amarekhodi ezemfundo (amamaki, ukuhlola, amakhadi okubika), amarekhodi okuba khona, amarekhodi ezemfundo, ukubamba iqhaza emisebenzini yangaphandle kwekilasi.
Ulwazi lwezempilo nempilo: Izimo zezempilo, ukungezwani, izidingo zokwelapha, imininingwane yohlelo lwezempilo, ulwazi lodokotela lokuxhumana, amarekhodi okugoma, ulwazi lokukhubazeka.
Ulwazi lwezimali: Amarekhodi okukhokha imali yesikole, isimo sekhupho lemali, izindlela zokukhokha nemininingwane yebhange, ulwazi lwesizo sezimali noma ibhasari.
Ulwazi lwe-biometric: Izithombe zeminwe (uma zisetshenziselwa ukulawula ukungena noma ukuba khona), izithombe (gamakhadi e-ID, izincwadi zonyaka, amarekhodi esikole).
Ulwazi olukhethekile lomuntu siqu: I-POPIA inikeza ukuvikelwa okwengeziwe “kolwazi olukhethekile lomuntu siqu,” kubandakanya: ulwazi mayelana nezingane (abafundi abangaphansi kweminyaka eyi-18), ulwazi lwezempilo (izimo zezempilo, ukukhubazeka), ulwazi lwe-biometric (izithombe zeminwe, izithombe ezisetshenziselwa ukukhomba). Ukucubungula ulwazi olukhethekile lomuntu siqu kudinga izinyathelo zokuhambisana eziqinile futhi, ezinye izimo, imvume ecacile.
Ulwazi Lomuntu Siqu Lwabazali Nabagadeli
Izikole zicubungula futhi ulwazi lomuntu siqu mayelana nabazali nabagadeli: amagama aphelele nezinombolo ze-ID, imininingwane yokuxhumana (amakheli, izinombolo zocingo, amakheli e-imeyili), ulwazi lomsebenzi (uma kufanele ngezicelo zezikhupho), ulwazi lwezimali (ingeniso, amarekhodi okukhokha), ubudlelwane nomfundi (umzali, umgadeli, umphathi osemthethweni).
Ulwazi Lomuntu Siqu Lwabasebenzi
Nakuba lolu hlaka lugxile edathini yabafundi nabazali, izikole zicubungula futhi ulwazi lomuntu siqu lwabasebenzi (ngaphansi kwe-POPIA nomthetho wokuqashwa). Umphumela oyinhloko: Uma ulwazi lungakhomba umuntu othile, lulwazi lomuntu siqu ngaphansi kwe-POPIA futhi kufanele luvikelwe ngokufanele.
Ukucubungula Okusemthethweni Nemvume Ezikoleni
I-POPIA isungula izimo eziyisishiyagalombili izikole kufanele zihlangabezane nazo ukuze zicubungule ulwazi lomuntu siqu ngokomthetho (kufinyelelwe etafuleni ngenhla). Okulandelayo kuchaza izinyathelo eziSebenzayo zezimo eziyinhloko, kanye nokuthi nini nakanjani ukuthola imvume.
Ukuphendula nokukhawulela ukucubungula
Izikole kufanele zithathe umthwalo wokuhambisana ne-POPIA, ziQinisekise ukuthi yonke ukucubungula kolwazi lomuntu siqu kuhambisana nezimo ze-POPIA. Lokhu kudinga: ukuthola i-Information Officer (ngokuvamile othisha ophambili noma ophambili owesibili) onomthwalo wokuhambisana ne-POPIA; ukuthuthukisa izinqubomgomo nezinqubo ze-POPIA ezihlanganisayo; ukuqeqesha abasebenzi; ukucwaninga njalo; ukugcina amarekhodi emisebenzini yokucubungula idatha. Izinyathelo eziSebenzayo: Thola i-Information Officer bese ubhalisa ne-Information Regulator, thuthukisa umbhalo womthetho wokuhambisana ne-POPIA, qeqesha bonke abasebenzi ngezidingo ze-POPIA minyaka yonke, yenza ukucwaninga kokuhambisana minyaka yonke, gcina irejista yemisebenzi yokucubungula idatha.
Isimo 2: Ukukhawulela Ukucubungula
Izikole zingacubungula kuphela ulwazi lomuntu siqu oludingekayo ngenhloso ethile. Izibonelo: Kulungile: ukuqoqa izinombolo ze-ID zabafundi ukubhalisa i-LURITS (kudingwa umthetho); ukuqoqa ulwazi lwezempilo ukunakekela i-emergency (kudingekayo ukuphepha kwabafundi). Akulungile: ukuqoqa imininingwane yomsebenzi wabazali ngaphandle kokudingeka ngezicelo zezikhupho. Izinyathelo eziSebenzayo: Buyekeza wonke amafomu nokuthola idatha, susa amasimu angadingeki emafomuni, bhala inhloso yengxenye ngayinye yolwazi oluqoqwayo, hlola njalo imikhuba yokuqoqa idatha.
Isimo 3: Ukucacisa Inhloso
Izikole kufanele zazise abathintekayo (abafundi nabazali) ngoku: ulwazi oluqoqwayo, kungani luqoqwa (inhloso), ngubani ozothola ukuthola, luzosetshenziswa kanjani. Izaziso zolwazi kufanele zichaze: inhloso yokuqoqa, ukuthi ukuqoqa kuyimpoqo noma ngokuzithandela, imiphumela yokunganiki ulwazi, ngubani ozothola ukuthola ulwazi, ulwazi luzogcinwa isikhathi esingakanani, amalungelo abathintekayo (ukuthola, ukulungisa, ukusula). Izinyathelo eziSebenzayo: Faka izaziso ze-POPIA kwayo yonke amafomu, veza izaziso zobumfihlo kuwebhusayithi yesikole, nikeza izaziso zolwazi emihlanganweni yabazali, qinisekisa ukuthi izaziso zisezilimini abazali abaziqondayo.
Isimo 4: Ukukhawulela Ukucubungula Okuqhubekayo
Izikole zingasebenzisa ulwazi lomuntu siqu kuphela ngenhloso oluqoqwe ngayo, ngaphandle kokuthi: ukucubungula okuqhubekayo kuhambisana nenhloso yokuqala; umthintekayo unikeza imvume yokucubungula okuqhubekayo; ukucubungula okuqhubekayo kudingwa umthetho. Izinyathelo eziSebenzayo: Bhala wonke ukusetshenziswa kolwazi lomuntu siqu, thola imvume yanoma yikuphi ukusetshenziswa ngaphandle kwenhloso yokuqala, buyekeza izivumelwano zokwabelana nedatha nabanye, qinisekisa ukuthi konke ukucubungula kuhambisana nezinhloso zokuqala.
Isimo 5: Ikhwalithi Yolwazi
Izikole kufanele ziQinisekise ukuthi ulwazi lomuntu siqu lunembile, luphelele, lungakhohlisi. Izinyathelo eziSebenzayo: Vuselela njalo imininingwane yokuxhumana yabafundi nabazali, qinisekisa ukuqonda ulwazi ngesikhathi sokubhalisa kwonyaka, vumela abathintekayo balungise ulwazi lwabo, susa noma ulungise ulwazi oludala ngokushesha, sebenzisa ukuqinisekisa idatha ezinhlelweni zokuphatha izikole.
Isimo 6: Ukuvuleleka
Izikole kufanele ziveze ngendlela ocubungula ngayo ulwazi lomuntu siqu. Izinyathelo eziSebenzayo: Shicilela inqubomgomo yobumfihlo kuwebhusayithi yesikole, nikeza izaziso zolwazi lapho niqoqa idatha, phendula ngokushesha izicelo zokuthola, gcina ukuvezwa kuyo yonke imisebenzi yokucubungula idatha.
Isimo 7: Ukuvikelwa Kwezokuphepha
Izikole kufanele zisebenzise izindlela zobuchwepheshe nezenhlangano ezifanele ukuvikela ulwazi lomuntu siqu ekulahlekelweni, ekulimaleni, ekutholweni ngokungemvume, ekubhujisweni ngokungemvume, nasekushintshweni ngokungemvume. Ukuvikelwa kobuchwepheshe: Ukulawula ukuthola kubasebenzi abagunyaziwe kuphela, ukubethela idatha ebalulekile, ukuvikela iphasiwedi, ama-firewall nama-antivirus, amabhekuphi aphephile, ukubuyekeza izinhlelo. Ukuvikelwa kwezenhlangano: Ukuqeqeshwa kwabasebenzi, izinqubomgomo zokuthola, ukuphendula izingozi, ukuvikeleka ngokoqobo, ukuphatha izivakashi.
Isimo 8: Ukubamba Iqhaza Kwabathintekayo
Abathintekayo banamalungelo ngaphansi kwe-POPIA: ilungelo lokuthola, lokulungisa, lokusula, lokuphikisa. Izinyathelo eziSebenzayo: Thuthukisa izinqubo zokuphatha izicelo zokuthola, phendula izicelo ngaphakathi kwezikhathi ze-POPIA (ngokuvamile izinsuku ezi-30), gcina amarekhodi, vumela abathintekayo balungise ulwazi lwabo kalula.
Izidingo Zemvume Ezikoleni
Imvume idingeka lapho kucubungulwa ulwazi olukhethekile ngezinhloso ezingaphezu kwemfundo, noma ukukhangisa, noma ukwabelana nabanye. Imvume AYIDINGEKI lapho ukucubungula kudingekayo ukwenza isivumelwano, kudingwa umthetho, noma kudingekayo ukuvikela intuthuko efanele. Kwabafundi abangaphansi kweminyaka eyi-18, imvume kufanele itholakale kubazali noma abagadeli. Imvume evumelekile kufanele ibe ngokuzithandela, iqondile, ezelwe, ecacile, nekhanselwayo. Amafomu emvume kufanele afake incazelo ecacile, inhloso ethile, ngubani ozothola, isikhathi sokugcina, ilungelo lokukhansela.
Ukugcina Idatha, Ukugcina Nokuzisa Ngekuphuka
Izikole kufanele zigcine ulwazi lomuntu siqu ngokuphepha futhi kuligcine kuphela isikhathi esidingekayo. Idatha kufanele igcinwe kumaseva aphephile, ibethelwe, futhi amarekhodi ezemfundo agcinwa unomphela; amarekhodi okuba khona iminyaka emi-5 emva kokushiya umfundi; amarekhodi ezempilo isikhathi sokubhalisa plus iminyaka eyi-7; amarekhodi okukhokha imali iminyaka emi-5. Lapho izikhathi zokugcina ziyaphela, izikole kufanele zibhujise ulwazi ngokuphepha.
Ukuzisa Ngekuphuka
I-POPIA idinga izikole zizise i-Information Regulator nabathintekayo abathintekile lapho ulwazi luphazamiseka. Azisa i-Information Regulator ngaphakathi kwamahora angu-72 noma ngokushesha ngangokunokwenzeka. Azisa abathintekayo ngaphandle kokulibazisa. Icebo lokuphendula ukuphuka kufanele libandakanye: ukuthiba ukuphuka, ukuhlola, ukuzisa, ukuphenya, ukulungisa, nokubuyekeza.
Ukukhetha Isoftware Ehambisana Ne-POPIA
Khetha isoftware yokuphatha izikole ebethela idatha, enokulawula ukuthola okusekelwe indima, namarekhodi okucwaninga. Buza abahlinzeki: Idatha ibethelwe yini? Igcinwa kuphi? Ningasula idatha lapho kucelwa? Izivumelwano zokucubungula idatha (ama-DPA) kufanele zibe khona nabahlinzeki.
Uhlu Lokuhlola Ukuhambisana Ne-POPIA Ezikoleni
Hlola: I-Information Officer itholiwe futhi ibhalisiwe; inqubomgomo ye-POPIA ithuthukisiwe; abasebenzi baqeqeshwe; ukucwaninga kwenziwa minyaka yonke; amafomu afaka izaziso zolwazi; ulwazi lugcinwa ngokuphepha; inqubomgomo yokugcina ithuthukisiwe; izinqubo zokuthola nokulungisa zikhona; icebo lokuphendula ukuphuka likhona; inqubomgomo yobumfihlo ishicilelwe; isoftware ihlolwe ngokuhambisana ne-POPIA.
Ukuhambisana ne-POPIA ezikoleni kuyisidingo somthetho. Othisha abaphambili, abaphathi bezikole, namalungu e-SGB kufanele baqinisekise ukuthi isikole sicubungula ulwazi lomuntu siqu ngokomthetho nangokuphepha. Ngephlathfomu eyodwa esiza izikole zaseNingizimu Afrika ukuhlala zihambisana ne-DBE, ukuphatha idatha yabafundi ngokuphepha, nokuphatha amakhadi okubika nokuqoqa imali endaweni eyodwa, bheka Fundisa.
Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa
Ingabe izikole zidinga ukubhalisa ne-Information Regulator?
Yebo. Izikole kufanele zithole i-Information Officer (ngokuvamile othisha ophambili) bese zibhalisa ne-Information Regulator. Ukubhalisa kwamahhala futhi kungenziwa ku-inthanethi kuwebhusayithi ye-Information Regulator.
Ingabe izikole zingabelana nolwazi lwabafundi nezinye izikole noma izinhlangano?
Izikole zingabelana nolwazi lapho kudingwa umthetho (neminyango yemfundo, i-SAPS), ngemvume yabazali, noma ngezinhloso ezingumthetho. Qinisekisa isisekelo somthetho futhi thole imvume lapho kudingeka.
Kwenzekani uma isikole sibhekane nokuphuka kwedatha?
Thiba ukuphuka ngokushesha, hlola, azisa i-Information Regulator ngaphakathi kwamahora angu-72, azisa abathintekayo ngaphandle kokulibazisa, phenya, lungisa, buyekeza izinyathelo zokuphepha. Izikole kufanele zibe necebo lokuphendula ukuphuka.
Izikole kufanele zigcine isikhathi esingakanani amarekhodi abafundi?
Amarekhodi ezemfundo agcinwa unomphela; amafomu okungena isikhathi sokubhalisa plus iminyaka emi-5; amarekhodi okuba khona iminyaka emi-5 emva kokushiya umfundi; amarekhodi ezempilo isikhathi sokubhalisa plus iminyaka eyi-7. Izidingo zingahluka ngesifundazwe.
Ingabe abazali bangacela ukusulwa kwamarekhodi ezemfundo yengane yabo?
Ngokuvamile cha—amarekhodi ezemfundo kufanele agcinwe unomphela njengoba kudingwa iminyango ne-SASA. Abazali bangacela ukusulwa kwezinye izinhlobo zolwazi ngaphansi kwezidingo zokugcina. Izikole kufanele zichaze izidingo zokugcina kubazali.
Itlolwe ngu
Fundisa Team