Ukukhululwa Kwezimali Zesikole eNingizimu Afrika: Amalungelo e-SASA Nokucela

Abaphathi bezikole ngokuvamile basebenzisa amahora bephathisa amafomu okukhululwa, beqinisekisa imali yasemakhaya, futhi belungisa ukushoda kwezimali. Abazali abangakwazi ukukhokhela izimali bakhathazekile ngabantwana babo bekhipheka noma bephuthelwa imisebenzi. Ukukhululwa kwezimali zesikole eNingizimu Afrika ilungelo elisemthethweni ngaphansi koMthetho Wezikole WaseNingizimu Afrika (SASA) wango-1996, futhi bobabili uhlangothi badinga ukuqonda ocacile imithetho. Lesi siqondiso sichaza ubani ofanelekile, indlela yokucela, yimaphi imibhalo edingekayo, nokuthi izikole kufanele zenzeni ngaphansi kwe-SASA kanye neNational Norms and Standards for School Funding (NSSF).

I-SASA ivikela abafundi ekukhipheka ngenxa yokungakhokhi lapho ukukhululwa sekuceliwe noma sekunikeziwe. Sihlanganisa ukufaneleka (okuphelele nokuyingxenye), inqubo yokucela, iziphoqo zesikole, umehluko phakathi kweQuintile 1–3 (ezingenazimali) neQuintile 4–5 (ezikhokhela izimali), nesenqubo yokukhalaza.

Iyini Ukukhululwa Kwezimali Zesikole eNingizimu Afrika Ngaphansi Kwe-SASA?

Ukukhululwa kwezimali zesikole ilungelo elisemthethweni ngaphansi koMthetho Wezikole WaseNingizimu Afrika (Umthetho 84 wango-1996) okuvumela abazali noma abagadeli ukucela ukukhululwa okuphelele noma okuyingxenye ezimalini zesikole uma bengakwazi ukuzikhokhela. Isigaba 39 sidinga zonke izikole zikahulumeni ukuthi zamukele inqubomgomo yokukhululwa kwezimali, futhi Isigaba 40 siyala ukuthi izikole abakwazi ukukhipha, ukumisa, noma ukuphika abafundi ukufinyelela imisebenzi yemfundo ngaphandle kokukhokha uma ukukhululwa sekuceliwe noma sekunikeziwe.

Uhlelo lokukhululwa luyabona ukuthi imindeni eminingi yaseNingizimu Afrika ibhekene nokulima kwezezimali okuyiqiniso ngenxa yokungasebenzi, ukugula, ukufa kompheki, noma ezinye izimo. Imindeni akufanele ikhethe phakathi kokukhokha izimali zesikole nokuhlangabezana nezingqobo eziyisisekelo.

Indima Yokuhlukanisa AmaQuintile

Izikole zikahulumeni zaseNingizimu Afrika zahlukaniswa zaba ama-quintile amahlanu (1–5) kusekelwe esimweni somphakathi somndeni. Lokhu kuhlukanisa kunquma amazinga okuxhaswa kukahulumeni nezakhiwo zezimali:

IQuintile	Incazelo	Ukuxhaswa Kukahulumeni	Isimo Sezimali	Ukufaneleka Kokukhululwa
Quintile 1	Imiphakathi ehluphekile kakhulu	Ukuxhaswa okuphezulu kakhulu (100%)	Isikole esingenazimali	Ukukhululwa okuzenzakalelayo (akukho zimali ezicelwayo)
Quintile 2	Imiphakathi ehluphekile kakhulu	Ukuxhaswa okuphezulu (95%)	Isikole esingenazimali	Ukukhululwa okuzenzakalelayo (akukho zimali ezicelwayo)
Quintile 3	Imiphakathi ehluphekile	Ukuxhaswa ophakathi nendawo (90%)	Isikole esingenazimali	Ukukhululwa okuzenzakalelayo (akukho zimali ezicelwayo)
Quintile 4	Imiphakathi enemali ephakathi	Ukuxhaswa ophakathi nendawo (60%)	Isikole esikhokhela izimali	Kufanele cele ukukhululwa uma ungakwazi ukukhokha
Quintile 5	Imiphakathi ecebile	Ukuxhaswa okuphansi kakhulu (40%)	Isikole esikhokhela izimali	Kufanele cele ukukhululwa uma ungakwazi ukukhokha

Umehluko obalulekile: Izikole zeQuintile 1–3 ziye zabizwa “izikole ezingenazimali” futhi abakwazi ukucela izimali zesikole eziphoqelekile. Uma isikole seQuintile 1–3 sizama ukucela izimali, abazali bakhululwa ngokuzenzakalelayo. Izikole zeQuintile 4–5 “izikole ezikhokhela izimali” futhi zingacela izimali, kodwa kufanele zinikeze izindlela zokukhululwa emindenini efanelekile.

Ubani Ofanelekile Ukukhululwa Kwezimali Zesikole?

Ukufaneleka kokukhululwa kwezimali kuncike emalini yasemakhaya yakho eqhathaniswa nezimali zesikole zonyaka. I-National Norms and Standards for School Funding (NSSF) inikeza imingcele yemali ecacile.

Imibandela Yokukhululwa Okuphelele

Ufaneleka ukukhululwa okuphelele (100% yezimali ekhishwe) uma imali yasemakhaya yakho ehlanganisiwe yonyaka ingaphansi kwezikhathi eziyi-10 zezimali zesikole zonyaka. Isibonelo, uma izimali zonyaka zingu-R5,000, ufaneleka uma imali yasemakhaya ingaphansi kuka-R50,000 ngonyaka.

Imali yasemakhaya ifaka wonke amaholo, imisho, izibonelelo zomphakathi, imali yokuqasha, imali yebhizinisi, noma yimaphi amathombo emali evamile avela kubazali bobabili/abagadeli, bonke abancikile, nanoma yibaphi abadala abafaka isandla ezindleko zasemakhaya.

Imibandela Yokukhululwa Okuyingxenye

Ufaneleka ukukhululwa okuyingxenye uma imali yasemakhaya iphakathi kwezikhathi eziyi-10 neziyi-30 zezimali zonyaka, ukukhululwa kuncipha njengoba imali inyuka:

Imali yasemakhaya (izikhathi zezimali zonyaka)	Ukukhululwa	Ukhokha
10–15 izikhathi	75%	25% yezimali
15–20 izikhathi	50%	50% yezimali
20–25 izikhathi	25%	75% yezimali
25–30 izikhathi	Akukho	Izimali eziphelele

Isibonelo: uma izimali zonyaka zingu-R6,000, imali yasemakhaya engu-R60,000–R90,000 ikhokha u-R1,500 (75% ukukhululwa); R90,000–R120,000 ikhokha u-R3,000 (50%); R120,000–R150,000 ikhokha u-R4,500 (25%); ngaphezu kuka-R180,000 ikhokha u-R6,000 ophelele.

Izimo Ezikhethekile

Ngisho noma imali yakho idlula imingcele, usengafaneleka ukukhululwa ngaphansi kwezimo ezikhethekile:

Ukufa kompheki: Uma umtholi wemali oyinhloko efile ngaphansi kwezinyanga eziyi-12 ezedlule
Ukuqedwa noma ukulahlekelwa umsebenzi: Uma umpheki elahlekelwe umsebenzi futhi efuna umsebenzi ngokusheshayo
Izindleko zezempilo: Uma izindleko zezempilo zasemakhaya zidlula u-20% wemali yonyaka
Abafundi abaningi: Uma unezingane ezintathu noma ngaphezulu ezikoleni ezikhokhela izimali ngasikhathi sinye
Ukukhubazeka: Uma ilungu lomndeni linekhubazo elidinga ukunakekelwa kwezempilo noma ukusekelwa okuqhubekayo

Izikole kufanele zicabange lezi zimo lapho zibuyekeza izicelo zokukhululwa, ngisho noma imingcele yemali ingahlangabezananga.

Indlela Yokucela Ukukhululwa Kwezimali Zesikole

Inqubo yokucela kufanele ibe lula futhi itholakale. Landela lezi zinyathelo:

Isinyathelo 1: Thola Ifomu Lokucela

Cela ifomu lokucela ukukhululwa ehhovisi lokuphatha lesikole sakho. Izikole kufanele zinikeze la mafomu mahhala Kuzo zonke izilimi zokusemthethweni ezisetshenziswa esikoleni. Ungaphinde ukhiphe amafomu kuwebhusayithi yomnyango wezemfundo wesifundazwe sakho.

Isinyathelo 2: Qoqa Imibhalo Edingekayo

Uzodinga ubufakazi bemali yasemakhaya nezimo. Imibhalo edingekayo ifaka:

Imibhalo ebalulekile:

Ifomu lokucela ukukhululwa eligcwele
Amakhopi aqinisekisiwe wezitifiketi zobuzwe zalwo lonke umndeni
Amakhopi aqinisekisiwe wezitifiketi zokuzalwa zezingane zonke
Ubufakazi bemali: amaphepha okukhokha (izinyanga ezintathu zokugcina), izitatimende zebhange, izitifiketi zentela (uma uzisebenza), noma isifungo uma ungaqashwa
Ubufakazi bezibonelelo zomphakathi (izincwadi ze-SASSA noma izitatimende zebhange)
Ubufakazi bokuhlala (ikhopi lesikweletu, isivumelwano sokuqasha, noma isifungo)

Imibhalo ezingeziwe ngezimo ezikhethekile:

Isitifiketi sokufa, incwadi yokuqedwa, izitifiketi/bill zezempilo, noma izitifiketi zokukhubazeka (lapho kusebenza)

Okubalulekile: Wonke amakhopi kufanele aqinisekiswe yi-Commissioner of Oaths. Izikole kufanele zigcine kuphela amakhopi aqinisekisiwe, hhayi okuqala.

Isinyathelo 3: Gcwalisa Uthumele

Gcwalisa ifomu ngokuphelele nangokunembile, kuhlanganise imininingwane yalwo lonke umndeni, ukuhlukaniswa kwemali, izindleko, nezimo ezikhethekile. Thumela nayo yonke imibhalo esekelayo ngaphambi kwesikhathi sokuphela (ngokuvamile phakathi nezinsuku eziyi-30 zokwaziswa kwezimali) futhi cele irisidi eqinisekisa ukuthumelwa.

Isinyathelo 4: Ukubuyekezwa Kwesicelo

I-SGB yesikole kufanele isungule ikomidi lokukhululwa (kuhlanganise amalungu e-SGB, umphathi wesikole, nomphathi wezezimali) ukubuyekeza izicelo. Izikole kufanele ziphendule phakathi nezinsuku eziyi-30, zicabanga ukuqonda kwemali, ukuqinisekisa umbhalo, izimo ezikhethekile, nokulandela i-SASA/NSSF.

Isinyathelo 5: Thola Isinqumo

Isikole kufanele sinikeze isinqumo esibhaliwe esithi ukuthi ukukhululwa kunikeziwe (okuphelele noma okuyingxenye), iphesenti, izizathu, nolwazi lokukhalaza. Uma kuvunyiwe, ukukhululwa kusebenza unyaka wemfundo wonke (kudingeka ucela futhi unyaka nonyaka). Uma kuphikisiwe, unelungelo lokukhalaza.

Iziphoqo Zesikole Zokukhululwa Kwezimali

Izikole zineziphoqo zokusemthethweni ezicacile ngaphansi kwe-SASA. Isikole ngasinye sikahulumeni kufanele:

**1. Nikeza inqubomgomo yokukhululwa:**ube nenqubomgomo yokukhululwa kwezimali ebhaliwe yamukelwe yi-SGB, itholakala Kuzo zonke izilimi zokusemthethweni, ibonakale ngokugqama, futhi ifakwe emaphekini okubhalisa.

2. Abakwazi ukukhipha abafundi: Izikole ziyenqatshelwe ukuphika ukubhalisa, ukumisa abafundi, ukuvimbela ukubamba iqhaza emisebenzini, ukuphika amakhadi wemibiko, noma ukucela izimali ezikoleni zeQuintile 1–3 ngenxa yokungakhokhi.

3. Ukuphatha izicelo ngokulinganayo: Amukela izicelo phakathi nezinsuku eziyi-30 zokwaziswa kwezimali, buyekeza phakathi nezinsuku eziyi-30, nikeza izinqumo ezibhaliwe ezinézizathu eziqondile, ugcine ukusebenza ngokuyimfihlo, futhi uphathe zonke izicelo ngokungaguquki.

4. Gcina amarekhodi: Gcina amarekhodi okukhululwa ngenjongo yokucwaninga futhi ubike izibalo kuminyango yemfundo yezifundazwe unyaka nonyaka.

Ukwephula Okujwayelekile Namalungelo Akho

Ukwephula okujwayelekile kufaka ukucela izimali ezikoleni zeQuintile 1–3, ukuphika amafomu okukhululwa, ukubambezela ukuphatha, ukuphika ngaphandle kokubuyekeza okufanele, noma ukukhipha abafundi ngenxa yokungakhokhi.

Uma amalungelo akho ephulwa: Bhala konke, uxhumane ne-SGB, ukhuphulele ehhovisi lesifundazwe lomnyango wakho wezemfundo, faka isikhalazo esisemthethweni ku-HOD, noma funa usizo lwezomthetho ku-Legal Aid South Africa.

Khumbula: Akekho umfundi angakhipheka esikoleni ngenxa yokungakhokhi uma efaneleka ukukhululwa noma esecelile ukukhululwa.

Quintile 1–3 vs Quintile 4–5: Umehluko Oyinhloko

Izikole ZeQuintile 1–3 (Izikole Ezingenazimali)

Zitholakala emiphakathini ehluphekile kakhulu, lezi zikole zithola ukuxhaswa kukahulumeni okuphezulu kakhulu (90–100%), abakwazi ukucela izimali eziphoqelekile, futhi bonke abafundi bakhululwa ngokuzenzakalelayo. Akudingeki ukucela — uma isikole sizama ukucela izimali, lokhu akusemthethweni futhi kufanele kubikwe. Izikole zingacela iminikelo evolontri, kodwa lezi abazi phoqelela.

Izikole ZeQuintile 4–5 (Izikole Ezikhokhela Izimali)

Zitholakala emiphakathini enemali ephakathi kuya ecebile, lezi zikole zithola ukuxhaswa kukahulumeni okuphansi (40–60%) futhi zingacela izimali (kuncike ekuvunyeni kwe-SGB), kodwa kufanele zinikeze izindlela zokukhululwa. Abazali kufanele bacele ukukhululwa uma bengakwazi ukukhokha, izikole kufanele ziphathise izicelo, futhi abafundi abakwazi ukukhipheka uma ukukhululwa kulindelwe noma kuvunyiwe. Ngisho ezikoleni ezikhokhela izimali, akekho umfundi angaphikwa imfundo uma efaneleka ukukhululwa.

Inqubo Yokukhalaza

Uma isicelo sakho sokukhululwa siphikisiwe, unelungelo lokukhalaza ukuze kubuyekezwe ngokuzimele. Ungakhalaza uma isicelo sakho saphikisiwa kodwa ukholelwa ukuthi ufaneleka, uthole ukukhululwa okuyingxenye kodwa ukholelwa ukuthi ufaneleka okuphelele, isikole sehluleka ukuphatha phakathi nezinsuku eziyi-30, noma ukholelwa ukuthi isinqumo sasingalungile noma sasingalungile.

Indlela Yokukhalaza

Isinyathelo 1: Cela ifomu lokukhalaza ekuphatheni kwesikole (izikole kufanele zinikeze lezi).

Isinyathelo 2: Thumela ukukhalaza kwakho phakathi nezinsuku eziyi-14. Faka ifomu eligcwele, ikhopi yesicelo sokuqala nesinqumo, noma yimaphi imibhalo esekelayo ezingeziwe, nencazelo ecacile yokuthi kungani isinqumo sasingalungile.

Isinyathelo 3: Ukukhalaza kubuyekezwa ehhovisi lesifundazwe lomnyango wakho wezemfundo noma ikomidi lokukhalaza elizimele.

Isinyathelo 4: Uzothola isinqumo esibhaliwe phakathi nezinsuku eziyi-30. Isinqumo sokukhalaza siyisinqumo sokugcina futhi sibophekile.

Thumela phakathi nezinsuku eziyi-14, yiba ncike ekutheni kungani isinqumo sasingalungile, futhi unikeze ubufakazi. Gcina amarekhodi alo lonke ukuxhumana.

Ukukhululwa kwezimali zesikole eNingizimu Afrika ilungelo elisemthethweni ngaphansi kwe-SASA. Izikole zeQuintile 1–3 abakwazi ukucela izimali; izikole zeQuintile 4–5 kufanele zinikeze izindlela zokukhululwa. Ukukhululwa okuphelele kusebenza lapho imali yasemakhaya ingaphansi kwezikhathi eziyi-10 zezimali zonyaka; ukukhululwa okuyingxenye kulandela isikali esishintshayo sezikhathi eziyi-10–30. Izikole abakwazi ukukhipha abafundi ngenxa yokungakhokhi lapho ukukhululwa kunikeziwe noma kuceliwe, futhi kuneinqubo yokukhalaza. Abazali kufanele bazi amalungelo abo, bathumele ngesikhathi, futhi bakhalaze uma bephikisiwe. Izikole kufanele zamukele izinqubomgomo eziqondile, ziqeqeshe abasebenzi, futhi zigcine ukulandela.

Ukuphatha ukukhululwa ngempumelelo kudinga ukulandelela okuqondile, imibhalo ecacile, nokuxhumana okungaguquki. UFundisa usiza izikole zaseNingizimu Afrika ukulandelela ukukhululwa kwezimali ngokwe-SASA Section 39, ukubala amaphesenti okukhululwa kusukela emingceleni yemali, nokukhiqiza imibiko yemihlangano ye-SGB nokuthumela kwesifundazwe. Bona ukuthi uFundisa usekela kanjani ukuqoqa izimali nokuphatha ukukhululwa epulatifomini eyodwa. Ukuze uthole okunye ukuhola, funda isiqondiso sokuphatha kwezezimali kwe-SGB ne-amasu okuqoqa izimali zesikole ezikoleni ze-SA.

Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa

Ingabe isikole singaphika ukwamukela isicelo sami sokukhululwa?

Cha. Izikole ziphoqelekile ngokomthetho ukwamukela izicelo zokukhululwa kunoma ubani umzali ocela. Uma isikole siphika ukunikeza ifomu lokucela noma ukwamukela isicelo sakho, lokhu kuphula i-SASA Section 39. Xhumana nehhovisi lesifundazwe lomnyango wakho wezemfundo ukubika ukuphulwa. Izikole kufanele zinikeze amafomu mahhala n Kuzo zonke izilimi zokusemthethweni ezisetshenziswa esikoleni.

Ingabe kudingeka ngicele futhi ukukhululwa unyaka nonyaka?

Yebo, izicelo zokukhululwa zisebenza unyaka wemfundo owodwa kuphela. Kufanele ucelle futhi unyaka nonyaka, kodwa inqubo kufanele ibe lula uma izimo zakho zezezimali zingashintshanga kakhulu. Ezinye izikole zivumela izicelo zokuvuselela ezilula uma isimo sakho singashintshile — hlola nokuphatha kwesikole sakho. Gcina amakhopi ezicelo zangaphambilini ukuze usheshise inqubo yokuvuselela.

Kwenzekani uma ngingakwazi ukukhokhela inani lokukhululwa okuyingxenye (isb. 25% yezimali)?

Uma ngempela ungakwazi ukukhokhela ngisho nenani elincishiwe emva kokukhululwa okuyingxenye, ungacela ukubuyekezwa kusekelwe ezimweni ezikhethekile. Bhala isimo sakho (izindleko zezempilo, izingane eziningi ezikoleni ezikhokhela izimali, izindleko ezingalindelwe) futhi thumela isicelo esibhaliwe kukomidi lokukhululwa sichaza ukuthi kungani inani eliyingxenye alingakhokheki. Izikole kufanele zicabange amacala ahluphayo ayiqiniso, yize ukukhululwa okuphelele ngaphezulu kwemingcele yemali kuncike ekukhethweni kwekomidi.

Ingabe izikole zingacela “iminikelo evolontri” esikhundleni sezimali ezikoleni zeQuintile 1–3?

Izikole zeQuintile 1–3 abakwazi ukucela izimali eziphoqelekile, kodwa zingacela iminikelo evolontri. Kodwa le minikelo kufanele ibe yevolontri ngempela — izikole abazi phoqelela ukuba yimo yokubhalisa, ukubamba iqhaza emisebenzini, noma ukuthola amakhadi wemibiko. Uma “iminikelo evolontri” empeleni iphoqelekile, lokhu kuphula i-SASA. Bika lezi zindlela zomnyango wakho wezemfundo wesifundazwe. Izikole kufanele zahlukanise ngokucacile phakathi kwezimali eziphoqelekile (ezingasemthethweni eQuintile 1–3) neminikelo evolontri (evunyiwe kodwa kufanele ibe yokukhetha).