Umbiko wePhothifoliyo Wokuthuthukiswa Kwezakhiwo: Ama-KPI

Ibhodi yakho ayitshwenyeki bona i-Estate B ithele ama-slab ngesikhathi nangabe ibhizinisi loke liphelelwa yimali ngoMatjhi. Nasele umthuthukisi weSewula Afrika aphatha iinkimu ezintathu namkha ezine ngesikhathi esifanako, umbiko wanyanga zoke uyatjhuguluka. Awusasi mbiko wephrojekthi kwaphela. Uba lithulusi elikhulu lokuqunta bona imali, abantu nokunaka kuya kuphi ngokulandelako. Imibiko yephothifoliyo eminengi iyehluleka kulomsebenzi. Ifika ngemva kwesikhathi, begodu isikimu ngasinye sibonakala siluhlaza kuze kube kusizuma siba bomvu.

Umhlahlandlela lo uhlathulula indlela yokwakha umbiko wephothifoliyo wokuthuthukiswa kwezakhiwo ibhodi, umlingani we-equity nomboleki omkhulu abangawusebenzisa. Uhlanganisa ama-KPI okufuze uwalandele kiwo woke ama-estate, isakhiwo sephakethe lanyanga zoke nemithetho ye-RAG (isimo esibomvu, esi-amber nesiluhlaza). Uhlanganisa nokuhlanganiswa kwe-cash flow nama-drawdown, ukuthengisa kuqhathaniswa nokwakha, kanye nemigodi ejayelekileko nasele uhlanganisa iinkimu.

Ngubani ofunda umbiko wephothifoliyo begodu udingani kiwo

Umbiko wephothifoliyo unabafundi abathathu namkha abane, begodu ngamunye ubuza umbuzo ohlukileko. Iphakethe linye elitlolelwe woke umuntu ligcina libamakhasi ama-40 okungekho namunye ofunda ngaphezu kwekhasi lesithathu.

Thoma ngokubiza abafundi ngamagama kanye nesiqunto ngamunye kufuze asenze:

Umfundi	Umbuzo awubuzako	Lokho okufuze akubone	Isikhathi
Umqondisi Ophethe / Umnikazi	Ngisiphi isikimu esingidingako nyanga le?	Iinkinga ezilandelaniswe ngobukhulu, isikhala semali, iinqunto ezilindileko	Qobe nyanga, kunye nombiko omfitjhani weveke
Ibhodi / ikomiti yokutjala imali	Ibhizinisi lisendleleni efaneleko na, begodu ukuthengwa kwenarha elandelako kuphephile na?	I-margin yephothifoliyo, ukuxhaswa okuphezulu, irejista yeengozi	Qobe nyanga namkha qobe kota
Umboleki omkhulu ne-QS yebhange	Isikolodo siphephile na, begodu i-drawdown ngayinye inesizathu na?	Ukuthuthuka okuqinisekisiweko, iindleko zokuqedela, isikhala se-covenant, ukuthengisa kusese ngaphambili	Qobe nyanga, nge-facility ngayinye
Umlingani we-equity namkha we-mezzanine	Ngizoyibuyiselwa nini imali yami, begodu ngenzuzo engakanani?	Inzuzo elindelekileko, isikhathi sama-transfer, ukwabelwa kwemali	Qobe kota

Amanye amagama ethebuleni leli. I-drawdown yinkokhelo ekhululwa esikolodweni sokuthuthukisa (i-facility). I-QS (i-quantity surveyor) yebhange ihlola ukuthuthuka kwe-site ngaphambi kwesinye nesinye. Ama-covenant yimibandela yesikolodo, njengokuthengisa kusese ngaphambili okuncani, begodu isikhala yi-margin yakho ngaphambi kobana ephule omunye. Ukuxhaswa okuphezulu yinyanga ibhizinisi elidinga kiyo imali enengi kunazo zoke. Umlingani we-mezzanine ubolekisa ngemva kwebhange, ngenzuzo ephakeme.

Kulandela imithetho emibili. Kokuthoma, iphakethe lomboleki ngelika-facility ngayinye begodu iphakethe lebhodi ngelephothifoliyo, ngalokho wahlukanise. Kwesibili, iphakethe lebhodi ngelokuqunta. Ikhasi ngalinye liphela ngo-”akukho okufuze kwenziwe” namkha isiqunto, umnikazi nelanga.

Ama-KPI aqakathekileko wokulandela kiwo woke ama-estate

Khetha ama-KPI ambalwa, uwahlathulule kanye kwaphela, begodu uwabale ngendlela efanako kiso soke isikimu. Ukuqhathanisa ama-estate kuwumgomo woke wombiko wephothifoliyo. Kusebenza kwaphela nangabe “iphesenti eseliqediwe” litjho into efanako eMidrand naseBallito.

Abathuthukisi bezindlu zokuhlala abanengi bagcina banama-KPI anjengala ngemva kweenkhathi ezimbalwa zokubika. Imikhawulo ye-RAG yiimbonelo kwaphela. Misa yakho nebhodi lakho nababoleki bakho.

I-KPI	Indlela yokuyihlathulula	Umthetho we-RAG oyisibonelo
Ukuthuthuka kuqhathaniswa nehlelo	I-% ye-milestone ekalwe ngesisindo eseqediwe ngayunithi, ihlanganiswe nge-estate, kuqhathaniswa nehlelo lomsebenzi le-baseline	Bomvu nangabe ilibele ngaphezu kwamaphoyinti wephesenti ama-5
Isikhathi sokwakha ngayunithi	Amalanga kusukela ekukaleni i-site kuze kufike ekuphothulweni kwangempela	Bomvu nangabe idlula umgomo nge-15%
Iindleko zokuqedela	Iindleko ezizibophezeleko ezingakabhadelwa, kunye nokulindelekileko womsebenzi ongakaqalwa	Bomvu nangabe iindleko zokuphela ezilindelekileko zidlula ibhajethi kunye nemali yeengozi
I-margin elindelekileko	Inzuzo ngeendleko nge-estate kuqhathaniswa ne-feasibility (ababoleki bavamise ukufuna i-15% ukuya ku-20%)	Bomvu ngaphasi komkhawulo owavunyelwana ngawo nebhodi namkha nomboleki
Ama-drawdown aqinisekisiweko kuqhathaniswa nokulindelekileko	Inani eliqinisekiswe yi-QS yebhange nyanga le kuqhathaniswa ne-cash flow elindelekileko	Bomvu nangabe ingaphasi kwe-85% yokulindelekileko
Umzila wokuthengisa	Iyunithi ezibekelwe eqadi, ezithengisiweko, ezinikelwe i-bond, ezidluliselweko	Bomvu nangabe ukuthengisa kusese ngaphambili kuwela ngaphasi kombandela womboleki
Amalanga ukuya ku-transfer	Kusukela ekunikelweni kwe-bond kuze kube kubhaliswa e-Deeds Office	Bomvu ngaphezu kwamalanga ama-90
Ukuvunywa okusalindile	Ukuvunywa kokutjhugululwa kwe-zoning nokwe-township, amaplani wokwakha, ukubhaliswa kwe-NHBRC, amasitifikedi we-occupation	Bomvu nangabe kuvimba isigaba
Isikhala semali	I-facility engakadonswa kunye nemali esandleni, kukhutjhwa imali ephumako eenyangeni ezi-3 ezilandelako	Bomvu ngaphasi kwemali ephumako yenyanga yinye

Itjhwayo ngama-milestone akalwe ngesisindo. Abathuthukisi abanengi batjhugulula ukuthuthuka kweyunithi kube liphesenti ngokunikela isigaba ngasinye isisindo: iinsekelo, i-slab, i-wall plate, ufulelo, ukuqedela. Iinsindo ezikhethekileko aziqakatheki njengokusebenzisa irhelo elifanako kiyo yoke i-estate. Nangabe i-site yinye ibala ama-roof truss njenge-10% enye ibale njenge-6%, isiphetho esihlanganisiweko akutjho litho.

Hlola ama-KPI wakho: nangabe ungakghoni ukubala i-KPI ngendlela efanako kiso soke isikimu usebenzisa amarekhodi asele akhona e-site, yilahle. I-KPI efuna i-spreadsheet ekhethekileko qobe nyanga izokuba yiphoso ngenyanga yesithathu.

Indlela yokwakha iphakethe lephothifoliyo lanyanga zoke

Iphakethe lephothifoliyo elihle lifundwa kusukela phezulu ukuya phasi: ikhasi linye lokuqunta, bese kulandela imininingwana kwaphela kiinkimu eziyidingako. Amalungu webhodi kufuze akghone ukuma ngemva kwekhasi lesibili begodu azi ukuthi enzeni.

Isakhiwo lesi sisebenzela iinkimu ezintathu ukuya kwezilitjhumi:

Isifinyezo sekhasi linye. I-margin yephothifoliyo, isikhala semali, inyanga yokuxhaswa okuphezulu, iingozi ezintathu ezikhulu kunazo zoke neenqunto ozidingako. Sitlole ngemitjho, hhayi ngamatjhadi kwaphela.
Igridi ye-RAG. Umugqa munye nge-estate ngayinye nekholamu yinye nge-KPI ngayinye ethebulelini engenhla. Leli likhasi abantu abalikhumbulako.
I-cash flow ehlanganisiweko nama-drawdown. Umbono weenyanga ezi-12 ezizako kiinkimu zoke, kunye ne-facility ngayinye kuqhathaniswa nomkhawulo wayo.
Ukuthengisa kuqhathaniswa nokwakha. Iyunithi ezakhiweko, ezithengisiweko nezidluliselweko nge-estate, kunye nezikhala ezikhanyisiweko.
Iindleko ne-margin. Ibhajethi, okuzibophezeleko, okwangempela neendleko zokuqedela nge-estate, kunye nokutjhuguluka kusukela enyangeni edlulileko.
Ukuvunywa nokuthobela. Ukuvunywa kukamasipala okusalindile, ukubhaliswa kwe-NHBRC namasitifikedi we-occupation, kunye namalanga alindelekileko neendleko zokulibala.
Iinkinga kwaphela. Ikhasi linye ngesikimu ngasinye esibomvu. Iinkimu eziluhlaza azitholi ikhasi.
Irejista yeengozi nerekhodi leenqunto. Lokho okuqunywe enyangeni edlulileko, nokuthi kwenzekile na, nokutjha.

Gcina isimo esifanako qobe nyanga ukuze abafundi bazi lapho kufuze baqale khona. Umhlahlandlela wethu nge-software yokuphatha ukuthuthukiswa kwezindlu zokuhlala yephothifoliyo yeemphrojekthi ezinengi uqhathanisa iimfuneko zephrojekthi eyodwa nezephothifoliyo.

Ukumisa imithetho ye-RAG etjho okuthileko

Isimo se-RAG sisebenza kwaphela nangabe imithetho itlolwe phasi ngaphambi kobana iinomboro zifike. Ngaphandle kwalokho, woke umphathi wephrojekthi ubika i-amber, yoke i-amber iba bomvu ebusuku munye, begodu ibhodi iyayeka ukuthemba imibala.

Imikghwa emithathu yenza i-RAG ibe nesizo:

Tlola umkhawulo we-KPI ngayinye. “Bomvu nangabe i-margin elindelekileko yehlela ngaphasi kwe-15%” mthetho. “Bomvu nangabe sikhathazekile” mmumo womoya.
Tjengisa ihlangothi elikhambako eceleni kombala. I-amber ebeyiluhlaza enyangeni edlulileko iphuthuma khulu kuneyinye ebeyizinzile iinyanga ezisithandathu. Ngeza umtjhoko.
Hlukanisa isimo nesizathu. Ihlelo lomsebenzi elibomvu ngombana umasipala namkha i-Eskom ayikaxhumi umbane omkhulu yinkinga ehlukileko kunekhontraka elinensayo. Ibhodi kufuze ibone bona ngiyiphi.

Qaphela umbiko “wekhabe”: oluhlaza ngaphandle, olubomvu ngaphakathi. Itjhwayo elijayelekileko sikimu esihlala siluhlaza eendlekweni kanti imali yeengozi iyaphela. Bika imali yeengozi esetjenzisiweko njengomugqa wayo, uzabona ukuphela kwayo msinyana. Umhlahlandlela wethu ngokweqiwa kweendleko zokwakha eSewula Afrika uhlanganisa iinzathu ezijayelekileko.

Usakha iphakethe lebhodi ngemibiko ye-WhatsApp nangokuvakatjhela ama-site? I-Wakha ihlanganisa woke ama-estate esoftweni yinye, ngokuthuthuka kwe-Gantt, ibhajethi eqhathaniswa nokwenzekileko nge-ZAR, isikhungo sokulawula i-cash flow nokuhlaziya iphothifoliyo yeeprojekthi ezinengi: bona i-demo yomkhiqizo.

Ukuhlanganisa i-cash flow nama-drawdown kiinkimu zoke

Isikimu ngasinye sine-facility yaso, kodwana ibhizinisi line-akhawunti yebhange yinye, ngalokho bika imali emazingeni womabili. Ingozi yangempela ephothifoliyweni kayikavami ukuba sikimu sinye esiswelako. Ziinkimu ezimbili namkha ezintathu ezidinga i-equity ngenyanga efanako.

Yakha umbono ohlanganisiweko ngokulandelana lokhu:

Lindela imali engenako nephumako qobe nyanga ngesikimu ngasinye: inarha, iinkokhelo zekhontraka, imirhelo, iminikelo kamasipala, inzalo, ama-drawdown, imali yama-transfer nokukhululwa kwe-retention.
Hlobanisa isikimu ngasinye ne-facility yaso. Tjengisa imali edonsiweko kuqhathaniswa nomkhawulo.
Hlanganisa iinkimu ukuze uthole isimo semali se-net sephothifoliyo qobe nyanga.
Tjhwaya inyanga yokuxhaswa okuphezulu ne-equity ibhizinisi okufuze liyifake ngaphambi kwalokho.

Isibonelo lesi sama-estate amathathu (iinomboro ziyisibonelo kwaphela) sitjengisa ukuthi kubayini lokhu kuqakathekile:

Inyanga	I-Estate A	I-Estate B	I-Estate C	Iphothifoliyo net
November	+R1,800,000	-R2,400,000	-R600,000	-R1,200,000
December	+R900,000	-R3,100,000	-R1,900,000	-R4,100,000
January	-R300,000	-R1,200,000	-R2,600,000	-R4,100,000
February	+R4,200,000	+R600,000	-R1,100,000	+R3,700,000

I-estate ngayinye iyodwa ibonakala ilawuleka. Kunye, iphothifoliyo ingaphasi kwe-zero ngemali iinyanga ezintathu zilandelana: R1,200,000 ngo-November, bese kuba yi-R4,100,000 ngo-December begodu godu ngo-January. Ibhizinisi lidinga isivikelo esiyi-R9,400,000 ngaphambi kobana imali yama-transfer ka-February ifike. Okunengi kwesikhala leso kuwela ngesikhathi seholide labakhi, lapho ama-transfer ehla khona. Umbiko wephrojekthi ngayinye uyakufihla lokho.

Bika ama-drawdown ngenani eliqinisekisiweko, ngombana ibhange libhadela ngenomboro ye-QS yalo. Tjengisa i-retention njengemali ongakayibhadeli, kunye nelanga lokukhululwa. I-retention liphesenti lenkokhelo yekhontraka ngayinye olibambako kuze kuphele umsebenzi. Ivamise ukukhululwa ngezigaba ngemva kokuphothulwa kwangempela, ngalokho ekhontrakeni enkulu ingadlulisa iimiliyoni zamaranda hlangana kwamakota. Indlela yokulindela isikimu esisodwa itholakala emhlahlandleleni wethu nge-software ye-cash flow yokuthuthukiswa kwezakhiwo. Ukuxhaswa ngemali ngemva kwe-facility ngayinye kuhlathululwa ekuxhaseni ngemali ukuthuthukiswa kwezindlu zokuhlala eSewula Afrika.

Ukubika ukuthengisa kuqhathaniswa nokwakha

Umthuthukisi ubhadelwa nge-transfer, ngalokho isikhala hlangana kwalokho okwakhiweko nalokho okudluliselweko ndawo lapho inzuzo icatjha khona. Nangabe ukuthengisa nokwakha kusemibikweni ehlukeneko, akekho obona isikhala leso.

Faka kokubili ekhasini linye nge-estate ngayinye begodu ulandele iinomboro ezine:

Kuthengisiwe kodwana akukathonywa. Abathengi balindele ukwakhiwa. Ingozi: ukuvunywa kwama-bond kuyaphela begodu abathengi bayahamba.
Kwakhiwe kodwana akukathengiswa. Iyunithi eziqediweko ezingenamthengi. Ingozi: iindleko zokuzigcina nenzalo, kungekho mrholo obonakalako.
Kwakhiwe kwathengiswa kodwana akukadluliselwa. Iqembu elibiza khulu. Ukuthengiswa kwenzekile ephepheni, kodwana kubambeke kumaconveyancer, emabhanga namkha ngebanga lesitifikedi se-occupation esingekho.
Kudluliselwe. Imali isebhange.

Kiinkimu ze-plot-and-plan, landela nokuhlolwa kwezigaba okwenziwa yi-valuer yebhange. Isigaba ngasinye i-valuer esisayinako sikhulula inkokhelo yesiqhema esivela esikolodweni sokwakha somthengi. Kiinkimu ze-turnkey, intengo epheleleko ibhadelwa nge-transfer, ngalokho “kwakhiwe kodwana akukadluliselwa” yi-KPI okufuze uyiqale.

Nangabe iqembu lokwakhiwe-kodwana-akukadluliselwa likhula iinyanga ezimbili zilandelana, isizathu sivamise ukuba yimiphapha: isitifikedi se-occupation esifike sekudlule isikhathi, idokhumenti ye-NHBRC engekho namkha umsebenzi osalele ku-conveyancer. Ngaphasi kwe-Housing Consumers Protection Measures Act, ibhange alivumelekile ukubolekisa ngekhaya elitjha elingakabhaliswa ne-NHBRC. Ngalokho ukubhaliswa okungekho kuvimba i-bond yomthengi, ne-transfer nayo. Iinkinga lezi kulula ukuzilungisa, kuyabiza ukuzidela. Inqubo yokubhaliswa kwe-NHBRC ihlathulula amadokhumenti avamise ukubambezela ama-transfer.

Isikhathi sokubika: ngubani obuyekeza ini, begodu nini

Iphakethe lanyanga zoke lihle kwaphela njengedatha yeveke neyelanga engaphasi kwalo. Nangabe ukuthuthuka kwe-site kuthathwa kanye ngenyanga ngokukhumbula, iphakethe libika lokho abantu abathemba bona kwenzekile.

Isigqi lesi sisebenzela abathuthukisi abanengi abaphakathi nendawo:

Isikhathi	Umsebenzi	Umnikazi
Qobe langa	Ama-milestone weyunithi nokungena kwedayari ye-site	Umphathi we-site / i-foreman
Qobe veke	Isimo sama-transfer kumaconveyancer, umbiko omfitjhani wehlelo lomsebenzi kuya ku-MD	Umphathi wama-transaction, umqondisi wokwakha
Qobe nyanga (ilanga 1 ukuya ku-5)	Ukulinganiswa kwe-QS, i-drawdown eqinisekisiweko, iindleko zokuqedela	I-QS, ezemali
Qobe nyanga (ilanga 6 ukuya ku-8)	Iphakethe lephothifoliyo likhitjhwa	Ezemali namkha ihhovisi lephrojekthi
Qobe nyanga (ilanga 10)	Ukubuyekezwa yibhodi namkha yikomiti yabaphathi abakhulu	I-MD
Qobe kota	Ukuhlola okujulileko nge-estate, ukubuyekezwa kwe-feasibility	Ibhodi

Abathuthukisi abanengi beqa igadango lelanga, kanti ngilo elenza koke okhunye kube ngokunembileko. Nangabe isiqhema se-site sibuyekeza imisebenzi nedayari ye-site yeyunithi ngayinye ngelanga elifanako, iphesenti lanyanga zoke eseliqediwe lisekelwe kudatha yamanje. Isoftware enokuhlaziya iphothifoliyo yeeprojekthi ezinengi, njenge-Wakha, ibe isihlanganisa woke ama-estate abe sibonelo sinye. Uhlathulula iinsindo zama-KPI kanye kwaphela, begodu iphakethe lithoma ngedatha ephilako.

Imigodi yokuhlanganisa okufuze uyigweme

Iinomboro zephothifoliyo ezinengi zonakala nasele uhlanganisa iinkimu. Imigodi le ivela kanengi.

Amakhowudi weendleko ahlukeneko ngesikimu. Nangabe i-Estate A ifaka iinsetjenziswa ezikhulu ngaphasi kwe-”civils” kanti i-Estate B ngaphasi kwe-”infrastructure”, umugqa weendleko wephothifoliyo awutjho litho. Sebenzisa irhelo linye lamakhowudi weendleko kiso soke isikimu.
Ukuhlanganisa okuzibophezeleko, okubhiliweko nokubhadelweko. Khetha isisekelo sinye ngekholamu begodu usibize ngebizo. Yakha iindleko zokuqedela phezu kweendleko ezizibophezeleko. Ngaphandle kwalokho ama-oda osele uwenzile ayanyamalala ekulindelweni.
Amalanga wokuvala ahlukeneko. I-QS yinye ilinganisa mhlana ma-25, enye ngelanga lokugcina lenyanga. Lungelanisa amalanga wokuvala, ngaphandle kwalokho iphothifoliyo ihlanganisa iinyanga ezimbili ezihlukeneko.
Ukuphathwa kwe-VAT. Bika yoke inomboro kungaba kufakwe i-VAT namkha kungafakwanga. Yenza ngendlela efanako ngaso soke isikhathi, begodu utjho bona ngikuphi ekhasini ngalinye.
Iinkolodo hlangana kweenkampani zeqoqo. Abathuthukisi abanengi bagcina i-estate ngayinye enkampanini yayo (inkampani ekhethekileko, i-SPV). Susa iinkolodo hlangana kweenkampani lezo embonweni wemali ohlanganisiweko, ngaphandle kwalokho ubala imali efanako kabili.
Ama-baseline we-feasibility aseleyindala. I-margin “kuqhathaniswa ne-feasibility” ayitjho okukhulu nangabe i-feasibility ineminyaka emithathu. Yibuyekeze ngokusemthethweni, utlole ilanga, begodu ugcine yokuthoma ukuze uqhathanise.

Isiphetho

Umbiko omuhle wephothifoliyo wokuthuthukiswa kwezakhiwo usebenzisa ama-KPI ambalwa acaciswe kuhle, abalwa ngendlela efanako kiso soke isikimu. Awaphake ngedatha ye-site ethathwa njengombana umsebenzi wenzeka, begodu uwatjengise ephakethe elidosela eenqunto. Thoma ngamakhasi amabili: i-cash flow ehlanganisiweko nokuthengisa kuqhathaniswa nokwakha. Kunye atjengisa iinkinga ezinengi ezilimaza abathuthukisi beSewula Afrika.

Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa

Umbiko wephothifoliyo ekuthuthukisweni kwezakhiwo uyini?

Umbiko wephothifoliyo ekuthuthukisweni kwezakhiwo mbiko ojayelekileko oletha zoke iinkimu ezisebenzako embonweni munye. Uhlanganisa ukuthuthuka, iindleko zokuqedela, i-margin, i-cash flow, ama-drawdown nokuthengisa, kukalwe ngendlela efanako kiyo yoke i-estate. Usiza umnikazi, ibhodi nabaxhasi ukuqunta bona imali nokunaka kuya kuphi ngokulandelako.

Umbiko wanyanga zoke wephothifoliyo yokuthuthukiswa kwezakhiwo kufuze ufake ini?

Isifinyezo sekhasi linye esineenqunto, igridi ye-RAG nge-estate, i-cash flow ehlanganisiweko yeenyanga ezi-12, nokuthengisa kuqhathaniswa nokwakha. Bese iindleko ne-margin, ukuvunywa nerejista yeengozi. Ngeza amakhasi weenkinga kwaphela kiinkimu ezibomvu.

Umthuthukisi kufuze alandele ama-KPI amangaki ephothifoliyweni?

Abunane ukuya kwalitjhumi nambili kuvamise ukwanela. Ngamunye kufuze abalwe ngendlela efanako kiso soke isikimu, kusukela emarekhodini asele akhona.

Umbiko womboleki uhluke njani kumbiko webhodi?

Umbiko womboleki uhlanganisa i-facility yinye. Utjengisa ukuthuthuka okuqinisekisiweko, iindleko zokuqedela, ukuthengisa kusese ngaphambili nesikhala se-covenant sesikimu leso. Umbiko webhodi uhlanganisa iphothifoliyo yoke: i-margin yoke, ukuxhaswa okuphezulu, iingozi neenqunto. Yakha yomibili kusukela edatheni efanako.

Ulibala njani iphesenti eseliqediwe kuma-estate amanengi?

Sebenzisa irhelo lama-milestone akalwe ngesisindo ngomhlobo weyunithi ngamunye, ngeensindo ezifanako kiyo yoke i-estate. Hlanganisa amaphesenti weyunithi ukuya ku-estate bese kuphothifoliyo, kukalwe ngenani lebhajethi. Bika umphumela kuqhathaniswa nehlelo lomsebenzi le-baseline, ukuze ibhodi ibone ukulibala kunye nokuthuthuka.

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