Kukhululwa Kwemali Yetikolo eNingizimu Afrika: Timali SASA & Kufaka
Labaphathi betikolo kaningi bachitha emahora becubungula emaformi ekukhululwa, becinisekisa imali yekhaya, futsi belungisa lokuncane kwemali. Batali labangakhoni kukhokha imali bayakhathatela tingane tabo kukhishwa noma kubalahlekelwa imisebenti. Kukhululwa kwemali yetikolo eNingizimu Afrika ilungelo lasemtsetfweni ngaphansi kweSouth African Schools Act (SASA) yanga-1996, futsi bobabili badzinga ukuva ngokucacile imitsetfo. Lomhlahlandlela uchaza labo bafaneleke, kanjani kufaka, emadokhumenti loludzingekako, nelokufanele tikolo tento ngaphansi kwe-SASA neNational Norms and Standards for School Funding (NSSF).
SASA ivikela bemfundzi ekukhishwa ngesekelweni sekungakhokhi uma kukhululwa sekuceliwe noma sekunikezwe. Sihlanganisa kufaneleka (lophelele noma lokucuketse), inqubo yekucela, lokufanele tikolo tento, umehluko phakatsi kweQuintile 1–3 (tikolo letingakhokhi) neQuintile 4–5 (tikolo letikhokhayo), neinqubo yekukhalaza.
Yini Kukhululwa Kwemali Yetikolo eNingizimu Afrika Ngaphansi Kwe-SASA?
Kukhululwa kwemali yetikolo ilungelo lasemtsetfweni ngaphansi kweSouth African Schools Act (Umtsetfo 84 wanga-1996) lelivumela batali noma labondzisi kucela kukhululwa lophelele noma lokucuketse emalini yetikolo uma bengakwazi kuyikhokha. Sigaba 39 sidzinga tonkhe tikolo temphakatsi kutsi titsatse nemtsetfo wekukhululwa kwemali, futsi Sigaba 40 siphosisa tikolo kukhishwa, kumisa, noma kunqaba bemfundzi ukufinyelela imisebenti yemfundvo ngesekelweni sekungakhokhi uma kukhululwa sekuceliwe noma sekunikezwe.
Sistimu yekukhululwa iyavuma kutsi mindeni leminingi yaseNingizimu Afrika ibhekene neningi yemali ngempela ngenca yekungasebenzi, ukugula, ukufa kwemuntfu lopha imali, noma ezinye timo. Imindeni akufanele ikhetfe phakatsi kwekukhokha imali yetikolo nekuhlangabezana nezinga lelisisekelo.
Indima Yekuhlukanisa Nge-Quintile
Tikolo temphakatsi taseNingizimu Afrika tihlukaniswe tibe ema-quintile lamahlanu (1–5) ngesekelweni sesimo senhlalo yemndeni wemphakatsi. Loku kuhlukanisa kuncoma amazinga emali kahulumende netindlela tekukhokha:
| I-Quintile | Incazelo | Imali Kahulumende | Simo Semali | Kufaneleka Kwekukhululwa |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Quintile 1 | Imphakatsi labampofu kakhulu | Imali lephakeme kakhulu (100%) | Tikolo letingakhokhi | Kukhululwa layo yodwa (akukho imali lekhokhwayo) |
| Quintile 2 | Imphakatsi labampofu kakhulu | Imali lephakeme (95%) | Tikolo letingakhokhi | Kukhululwa layo yodwa (akukho imali lekhokhwayo) |
| Quintile 3 | Imphakatsi labampofu | Imali lesiphakathi (90%) | Tikolo letingakhokhi | Kukhululwa layo yodwa (akukho imali lekhokhwayo) |
| Quintile 4 | Imphakatsi lesiphakathi | Imali lesiphakathi (60%) | Tikolo lelikhokhayo | Kufanele acele kukhululwa uma angakwazi kukhokha |
| Quintile 5 | Imphakatsi lacce | Imali lephansi (40%) | Tikolo lelikhokhayo | Kufanele acele kukhululwa uma angakwazi kukhokha |
Umehluko lobalulekile: Tikolo teQuintile 1–3 tibekwe njenge”tikolo letingakhokhi” futsi tingakakhokhi imali yetikolo lephoqekako. Uma tikolo teQuintile 1–3 izama kukhokha imali, batali bakhululwa layo yodwa. Tikolo teQuintile 4–5 “tikolo letikhokhayo” futsi tingakhokha imali, kodvwa kufanele tinikeze tindlela zekukhululwa emindeni lefanelekile.
Labani Labafanelekile Kukhululwa Kwemali Yetikolo?
Kufaneleka kwekukhululwa kuncike emalini yekhaya yakho uma uyicubungula nemali yetikolo yonyaka. National Norms and Standards for School Funding (NSSF) inika emagciwane emali lacacile.
Tindzaba Tekukhululwa Lophelele
Ufaneleka kukhululwa lophelele (100% yemali isuswe) uma imali yekhaya yakho yonyaka yonkhe ingaphansi kwe-10 ngekubili imali yetikolo yonyaka. Ngemzekelo, uma imali yonyaka ingu-R5,000, ufaneleka uma imali yekhaya ingaphansi kwa-R50,000 ngonyaka.
Imali yekhaya ihlanganisa yonkhe imali yemuholo, imisebenti, imali yesocial grant, imali yekukhosela, imali yebhizinisi, nanobe yiphi imali lejwayelekile kusukela bobabili batali/labondzisi, bonkhe labatfutfukisako, nanobe ngubani labadala labanikela ekuchitweni kwekhaya.
Tindzaba Tekukhululwa Lokucuketse
Ufaneleka kukhululwa lokucuketse uma imali yekhaya iphakatsi kwe-10 ne-30 ngekubili imali yonyaka, kukhululwa kuncipha njengobe imali inandzisa:
| Imali yekhaya (ngekubili imali yonyaka) | Kukhululwa | Ukhokha |
|---|---|---|
| 10–15 ngekubili | 75% | 25% yemali |
| 15–20 ngekubili | 50% | 50% yemali |
| 20–25 ngekubili | 25% | 75% yemali |
| 25–30 ngekubili | Akukho | Imali yonkhe |
Umemzekelo: uma imali yonyaka ingu-R6,000, imali yekhaya ya-R60,000–R90,000 ikhokha R1,500 (75% kukhululwa); R90,000–R120,000 ikhokha R3,000 (50%); R120,000–R150,000 ikhokha R4,500 (25%); ngaphezu kwa-R180,000 ikhokha R6,000 yonkhe.
Timo Letikhethekile
Ngisho noma imali yakho idlula emagciwaneni, usengase ufaneleke kukhululwa ngaphansi kwetimo letikhethekile:
- Ukufa kwemuntfu lopha imali: Uma umuntfu lopha imali esebentako ufile ngaphansi kweminyaka le-12 edlule
- Kudzingiswa noma ukulahlekelwa umsebenti: Uma umuntfu lopha imali elahlekelwe umsebenti futsi ufuna umsebenti
- Indleko yekwelapha: Uma indleko yekwelapha yekhaya idlula 20% yemali yonyaka
- Bemfundzi labaningi: Uma unezingane lezingu-3 noma ngaphezulu etikolweni letikhokhayo ngasikhathi sinye
- Kukhubateka: Uma umuntfu wekhaya anekukhubateka lokudzinga kwelapha lokugcina noma kusekela
Tikolo kufanele ticabange leti timo uma tibuyeketa ticelo tekukhululwa, ngisho noma emagciwane emali angehlangabezani.
Kanjani Kucela Kukhululwa Kwemali Yetikolo
Inqubo yekucela kufanele ibe lula futsi itholakale. Landzela le migwaqo:
Tinyathelo 1: Thola Ifomu Lekucela
Cela ifomu lekucela kukhululwa ehhovisi lekulawula likolo lakho. Tikolo kufanele tinikeze le mafomu mahhala ngayo yonke tilwimi letisemtsetfweni letisebentiswa etikolweni. Ungaphinde uyidownloada emafomuni kuwebhusayithi yemnyango wemfundvo wesifundza sakho.
Tinyathelo 2: Butha Emadokhumenti Loludzingekako
Udzinga bufakazi bemali yekhaya netimo. Emadokhumenti loludzingekako ahlanganisa:
Emadokhumenti labalulekile:
- Ifomu lekucela kukhululwa leliphelele
- Tikhophi letigunyatiwe temazisi yabo bonkhe bakhaya
- Tikhophi letigunyatiwe temazisi ekutalwa yezingane tonkhe
- Bufakazi bemali: amaphepha emuholo (emaviki la-3 adlule), emarekhodi ebhange, emazisi entela (uma usebenza wedvwa), noma isibambiso uma ungaasebenzi
- Bufakazi be-social grants (emaleta e-SASSA noma emarekhodi ebhange)
- Bufakazi bekuhlala (ibilisi, sivumelwano sekukhosela, noma isibambiso)
Emadokhumenti langezelwe etimo letikhethekile:
- Isitifiketi sokufa, ileta yekudzingiswa, ematifiketi/emabilili ekwelapha, noma ematifiketi ekukhubateka (njengoba kusebentisa)
Kubalulekile: Tonkhe tikhophi kufanele tigunyatiswe nguCommissioner of Oaths. Tikolo kufanele zigcine kuphela tikhophi letigunyatiwe, hhayi letangempela.
Tinyathelo 3: Gcwalisa Futsi Dlulisa
Gcwalisa ifomu ngokuphelele nangempela, kuhlanganisa lwati lwabo bonkhe bakhaya, kwehlukaniswa kwemali, indleko, netimo letikhethekile. Dlulisa netonkhe emadokhumenti ekusekela ngaphambi kwemagciwane (ngokujwayelekile ngaphakathi kwemalanga la-30 ekutseni imali) futsi cela irisidi lecinisekisayo ukudlulisela.
Tinyathelo 4: Kubuyeketa Kwecelo
SGB yetikolo kufanele isungule likomiti lekukhululwa (kuhlanganisa emalungu e-SGB, umphathi, nomphathi wemali) kubuyeketa ticelo. Tikolo kufanele tiphendvule ngaphakathi kwemalanga la-30, ticabanga kunemba kwemali, kucinisekisa emadokhumenti, timo letikhethekile, ne-compliance ye-SASA/NSSF.
Tinyathelo 5: Lamukela Incumo
Tikolo kufanele tinikeze incumo lebhaliwe lechaza kutsi kukhululwa sekunikezwe (lophelele noma lokucuketse), iphesenti, tizatfu, nelwati lekukhalaza. Uma sekugunyatiwe, kukhululwa kusebenta unyaka wonkhe wemfundvo (kudzingeka kucela kabusha minyaka yonkhe). Uma sekunqatselwe, unelungelo lekukhalaza.
Lokufanele Tikolo Tentwe Ngekukhululwa Kwemali
Tikolo tine tizatfu letisemtsetfweni ngaphansi kwe-SASA. Yonkhe tikolo temphakatsi kufanele:
1. Ninikeze nemtsetfo wekukhululwa: Ube nemtsetfo wekukhululwa kwemali lebhaliwe lotsatfwe ngu-SGB, otholakala ngayo yonke tilwimi letisemtsetfweni, obonakale kahle, futsi ofakwe emapaki ekungenisa.
2. Atingakakhishi bemfundzi: Tikolo ziyenqatselwa kunqaba ukungenisa, kumisa bemfundzi, kuvimbela kubamba yincenye imisebenti, kunqaba amareport card, noma kukhokha imali etikolweni teQuintile 1–3 ngesekelweni sekungakhokhi.
3. Becubungule ticelo ngokulinganayo: Lamukela ticelo ngaphakathi kwemalanga la-30 ekutseni imali, buyeketa ngaphakathi kwemalanga la-30, ninikeze tincumo lebhaliwe netizatfu locacile, nigcine lwati ngekucasha, futsi niphatse tonkhe ticelo ngendlela lefanako.
4. Gigcina emarekhodi: Gigcina emarekhodi ekukhululwa ngezinjongo zekucwaninga futsi nibike tibalo kuminyango yemfundvo yetifundza minyaka yonkhe.
Lokuvame Kwehlukana Nemalungelo Akho
Lokuvame kwehlukana kuhlanganisa kukhokha imali etikolweni teQuintile 1–3, kunqaba emaformi ekukhululwa, kubambezela ukucubungula, kunqaba ngaphandle kwekubuyeketa lokufanele, noma kukhishwa bemfundzi ngenca yekungakhokhi.
Uma emalungelo akho ehlukene: Bhala konkhe, uxhumane ne-SGB, uenyukisele ehhovisi lesifundza lemnyango wemfundvo wesifundza sakho, ufake kukhalaza lasemtsetfweni ne-HOD, noma ufune kusita kwetemtsetfo kuLegal Aid South Africa.
Khumbula: Akekho umfundzi angakhishwa etikolweni ngenca yekungakhokhi uma ufaneleka kukhululwa noma ucelile kukhululwa.
Quintile 1–3 vs Quintile 4–5: Umehluko Lobalulekile
Tikolo TeQuintile 1–3 (Tikolo Letingakhokhi)
Tise ezindaweni labampofu kakhulu, leti tikolo tamukela imali lephakeme kakhulu kahulumende (90–100%), tingakakhokhi imali lephoqekako, futsi bemfundzi bonkhe bakhululwa layo yodwa. Akudzingeki kucela — uma tikolo izama kukhokha imali, lokhu akusemtsetfweni futsi kufanele kubikwe. Tikolo tingacela iminikelo yekuzitfola, kodvwa leyo ingeke iphoqeke.
Tikolo TeQuintile 4–5 (Tikolo Letikhokhayo)
Tise emphakatsini lesiphakathi kuya lacce, leti tikolo tamukela imali yehulumende lephansi (40–60%) futsi tingakhokha imali (kuya ngekugunyatiswa kwe-SGB), kodvwa kufanele tinikeze tindlela zekukhululwa. Batali kufanele bacele kukhululwa uma bengakwazi kukhokha, tikolo kufanele ticubungule ticelo, futsi bemfundzi abangakhishwa uma kukhululwa sekulindvwe noma sekugunyatiwe. Ngisho etikolweni letikhokhayo, akekho umfundzi anganqatselwa emfundvo uma ufaneleka kukhululwa.
Inqubo Yekukhalaza
Uma ticelo takho tekukhululwa sekunqatselwe, unelungelo lekukhalaza ukuze kubuyeketwe ngendlela lezimele. Ungakhalaza uma ticelo takho sekunqatselwe kodvwa ukholelwa kutsi ufaneleka, wamukela kukhululwa lokucuketse kodvwa ukholelwa kutsi ufaneleka lophelele, tikolo wehlulekile kucubungula ngaphakathi kwemalanga la-30, noma ukholelwa kutsi incumo yayingalungile noma yephutsa.
Kanjani Kukhalaza
Tinyathelo 1: Cela ifomu lekukhalaza ehhovisi lekulawula likolo (tikolo kufanele tinikeze le mafomu).
Tinyathelo 2: Dlulisa kukhalaza kwakho ngaphakathi kwemalanga la-14. Faka ifomu leligcwele, ikhophi yelicelo langempela neincumo, nanobe ngabe emadokhumenti ekusekela langezelwe, neincazelo locacile yekutsi incumo yephutsa ngani.
Tinyathelo 3: Kukhalaza kubuyeketwa ehhovisi lesifundza lemnyango wemfundvo wesifundza sakho noma likomiti lekukhalaza lelizimele.
Tinyathelo 4: Utawulamukela incumo lebhaliwe ngaphakathi kwemalanga la-30. Incumo yekukhalaza iyekugcina futsi iyatiwa.
Dlulisa ngaphakathi kwemalanga la-14, be specific ngelokutsi incumo yephutsa ngani, futsi unikeze bufakazi. Gcina emarekhodi etonkhe lokutfolana.
Tindlela Letinhle Etikolweni Tekulawula Kukhululwa Kwemali
Kulabaphathi betikolo, ukulawula kukhululwa ngendlela lesebentako kubalulekile nge-compliance. Tindlela lebalulekile:
1. Sungula nemtsetfo lophelele: Chaza ngokucacile kufaneleka, tinqubo, lokudzingekako emadokhumenti, emagciwane, neinqubo yekukhalaza.
2. Fundzisa labasebenti: Cinisekisa kutsi bonkhe labasebenti ekulawuleni bayava lokudzingekako nge-SASA, fundzisa emalungu ekomiti lekukhululwa, ninikeze kufundzisa ngekucabanga, futsi labasebenti bancume ngetingucco temtsetfo.
3. Sebentisa tekulawula: Sistimu yekulawula tikolo lelandzelayo ticelo tekukhululwa, lebalayo amaphesenti kusukela emagciwaneni emali, lekhhicitayo imibiko ye-SGB nekudlulisela esifundza kunciphisa tiphutha futsi isindze sikhatsi. Bona umhlahlandlela wetfu we software yekubutha imali yetikolo eNingizimu Afrika ngetinkhetfo.
4. Tolanani ngaphambili: Faka lwati lwekukhululwa emapaki ekungenisa, bonisani nemtsetfo kahle, thumelani tikhumbuto temagciwane, ninikeze emaformu ngayo yonke tilwimi letisemtsetfweni, futsi ninikeze kusita kubatali.
5. Gigcina lwati ngekucasha: Gigcina lwati lwemali ngekucasha, kunciphise ukufinyelela kulabasebenti labagunyatiwe, cinisekisa kutsi simo sekukhululwa asibonisiwe, futsi nivikele emadokhumenti labalulekile.
Tinkinga letivame: Ticelo letingaphelele (ninikeze emalisti nekusita), ticelo sekudze (vumelani netizatfu letisemtsetfweni), kunzima kucinisekisa (lamukelani ema-affidavit emsebentini longakahleleki), nethelela ebudgeteni (hlelanani nge-5–15% emaphesenti ekukhululwa).
6. Hlelanani nethelela yemali: Tikolo letiningi letikhokhayo tibona emaphesenti ekukhululwa 5–20% (Quintile 4 kaningi 10–20%, Quintile 5 kaningi 5–15%), kuya ngetimo nasezingeni lemali. Uma sinika imali, SGBs kufanele tilinganise emaphesenti ekukhululwa kusukela kulwati lwemphakatsi nemarekhodi langaphambilini, tifake ebhalweni lwemali, futsi ticabange imali kahulumende (40–60% ngeQuintile 4–5). Linganisa lokukhokheka nekugcina; imali lesetwe iphezulu kakhulu inandzisa emaphesenti ekukhululwa.
Kukhululwa kwemali yetikolo eNingizimu Afrika ilungelo lasemtsetfweni ngaphansi kwe-SASA. Tikolo teQuintile 1–3 tingakakhokhi imali; tikolo teQuintile 4–5 kufanele tinikeze tindlela zekukhululwa. Kukhululwa lophelele kusebenta uma imali yekhaya ingaphansi kwe-10 ngekubili imali yonyaka; kukhululwa lokucuketse kulandzela sikali se-10–30. Tikolo tingakhishi bemfundzi ngenca yekungakhokhi uma kukhululwa sekunikezwe noma sekuceliwe, futsi kuneinqubo yekukhalaza. Batali kufanele bati emalungelo abo, badlulise ngesikhatsi, futsi bakhalaze uma sekunqatselwe. Tikolo kufanele titsatse nemitsetfo locacile, tifundzise labasebenti, futsi tigcina compliance.
Ukulawula kukhululwa ngendlela lesebentako kudzinga kulandzela ngempela, emadokhumenti locacile, nekutfolana lokuvumelanako. Fundisa isita tikolo taseNingizimu Afrika kulandzela kukhululwa kwemali ngaphansi kwe-SASA Sigaba 39, kubala amaphesenti ekukhululwa kusukela emagciwaneni emali, nekukhicita imibiko yemihlangano ye-SGB nekudlulisela esifundza. Bona kanjani Fundisa isekela kubutha imali yekukhokha nekulawula kukhululwa ephlatformi leye. Ukuva lokujulile, fundza umhlahlandlela wekulawula imali ne-SGB ne tindlela zekubutha imali yetikolo etikolweni tase-SA.
Imibuzo Levame Ukubuzwa
Tikolo tinganqaba ukulamukela ticelo takho tekukhululwa?
Cha. Tikolo ngemtsetfo kufanele tilamukele ticelo tekukhululwa kunobe ngubani umuntfu lopha imali lacelayo. Uma tikolo inqaba kunika ifomu lekucela noma ukulamukela ticelo takho, lokhu kuphula SASA Sigaba 39. Uxhumane nehhovisi lesifundza lemnyango wemfundvo wesifundza sakho ukuze ubike lokwehlukene. Tikolo kufanele tinikeze emaformu mahhala futsi ngayo yonke tilwimi letisemtsetfweni letisebentiswa etikolweni.
Ngidinga kucela kabusha kukhululwa minyaka yonkhe?
Yebo, ticelo tekukhululwa tisebenta unyaka wemfundvo lodvwa. Kufanele ucele kabusha minyaka yonkhe, kodvwa inqubo ingase ibe lula uma timo takho temali tingeke tiguquke kakhulu. Tikolo letinye tivumela ticelo tekucupha uma simo sakho asiguqukile — hlola nehhovisi lekulawula likolo lakho. Gcina tikhophi te licelo langaphambilini ukuze inqubo yekucupha isheshe.
Kwentekani uma ngingakhoni kukhokha inani lekukhululwa lokucuketse (njenga-25% yemali)?
Uma ngempela unga khoni kukhokha ngisho nalenani lincane ngemva kwekukhululwa lokucuketse, ungacela kubuyeketwa ngesekelweni setimo letikhethekile. Bhala simo sakho (indleko yekwelapha, izingane letiningi etikolweni letikhokhayo, indleko lelingalindzelwe) futsi dlulisa licelo lebhaliwe ekomitini lekukhululwa lechaza kungakaphi inani lokucuketse lingakhoni. Tikolo kufanele ticabange timo langempela, ngisho noma kukhululwa lophelele ngaphezu kwemagciwane emali kusekutsiyela kwekomiti.
Tikolo tingakhokha “iminikelo yekuzitfola” esikhundleni semali etikolweni teQuintile 1–3?
Tikolo teQuintile 1–3 tingakakhokhi imali lephoqekako, kodvwa tingacela iminikelo yekuzitfola. Kodvwa le minikelo kufanele ibe yekuzitfola ngempela — tikolo tingeke tiyente ibe yimo yekungenisa, kubamba yincenye imisebenti, noma ukulamukela amareport card. Uma “iminikelo yekuzitfola” empeleni iphoqeke, lokhu kuphula SASA. Bikani leti tindlela emnyangweni wemfundvo wesifundza sakho. Tikolo kufanele tihlukanise ngokucacile phakatsi kwemali lephoqekako (ingeke isemtsetfweni ngeQuintile 1–3) ne iminikelo yekuzitfola (ivumelekile kodvwa kufanele ikhetfwe).
Ibhalwe ngu
Fundisa Team