Ukukhululwa Kwemali Yesikolo eMzantsi Afrika: Amalungelo e-SASA

Abaphathi bezikolo ngokuthi saquke basebenzisa iiyure bephatha amafom okukhululwa, beqinisekisa imali yasekhaya, nokudibanisa ukusilela kwemali. Abazali abangakwazi ukuhlawula imali bayakhathazeka ngabantwana babo abanokuthi basuswe okanye basilele emisebenzini. Ukukhululwa kwemali yesikolo eMzantsi Afrika lilungelo lesemthethweni ngaphantsi koMthetho weZikolo zaseMzantsi Afrika (SASA) wo-1996, kwaye zombini izacaleli zifuna ukuqonda iingqibo. Eli khokelo lichaza ngubani ofanelekayo, indlela yokucela, amaxwebhu adingekayo, nento izikolo kufuneka zenze ngaphantsi kwe-SASA neNational Norms and Standards for School Funding (NSSF).

I-SASA ikhusela abafundi ekususweni ngesiseko sokungahlawuli xa ukukhululwa kuceliwe okanye kunikiwe. Siquka ukufaneleka (okupheleleyo nengxenye), inkqubo yokucela, iimfanelo zesikolo, umahluko phakathi kweQuintile 1–3 (izikolo ezingahlawuli) neQuintile 4–5 (izikolo ezihlawulayo), nenkqubo yokukhalaza.

Yintoni Ukukhululwa Kwemali Yesikolo eMzantsi Afrika Ngaphantsi kwe-SASA?

Ukukhululwa kwemali yesikolo lilungelo lesemthethweni ngaphantsi koMthetho weZikolo zaseMzantsi Afrika (uMthetho 84 wo-1996) oluvumela abazali okanye abagcini ukucela ukukhululwa okupheleleyo okanye ngxenye kwemali yesikolo ukuba abanakho ukuyihlawula. Isigaba 39 sifuna zonke izikolo zikawonke-wonke zithabathe inkqubo yokukhululwa kwemali, yaye isigaba 40 siyalela ukuba izikolo abanakho ukususa, ukumisa, okanye ukunqanda abafundi ukufikelela kwimisebenzi yemfundo ngesiseko sokungahlawuli ukuba ukukhululwa kuceliwe okanye kunikiwe.

Inkqubo yokukhululwa iyaqonda ukuba imindeni emininzi yaseMzantsi Afrika ijongana nembandezelo yemali yangenyani ngenxa yokungasebenzi, ukugula, ukufa komthwali wekhaya, okanye ezinye iimeko. Imindeni akufanele ikhethe phakathi kokuhlawula imali yesikolo nokuhlangabezana neemfuno zesisiseko.

Indima Yokuhlula IiQuintile

Izikolo zikawonke-wonke zaseMzantsi Afrika zahlulwa zaba ziiQuintile ezintlanu (1–5) ngokusekelwe kwimo yezoqoqosho yoluntu yemimandla ecingelene. Oku kuhlula kunquma amanani oxhaso lukahulumeni nozakhiwo lwemali:

IQuintile	Inkcazo	Uxhaso lukaRhulumente	Isimo Semali	Ukufaneleka Kokukhululwa
Quintile 1	Imimandla ehluphekileyo kakhulu	Uxhaso oluphakamileyo (100%)	Isikolo esingahlawuli	Ukukhululwa ngokuqhubekayo (akukho mali eceliweyo)
Quintile 2	Imimandla ehluphekileyo kakhulu	Uxhaso oluphakamileyo (95%)	Isikolo esingahlawuli	Ukukhululwa ngokuqhubekayo (akukho mali eceliweyo)
Quintile 3	Imimandla ehluphekileyo	Uxhaso ophakathi nophezulu (90%)	Isikolo esingahlawuli	Ukukhululwa ngokuqhubekayo (akukho mali eceliweyo)
Quintile 4	Imimandla ephakathi	Uxhaso ophakathi (60%)	Isikolo esihlawulayo	Kufuneka ucele ukukhululwa ukuba unakho ukuhlawula
Quintile 5	Imimandla ecebe kakhulu	Uxhaso ophantsi (40%)	Isikolo esihlawulayo	Kufuneka ucele ukukhululwa ukuba unakho ukuhlawula

Umahluko obalulekileyo: Izikolo zeQuintile 1–3 zibizwa ngokuthi “izikolo ezingahlawuli” kwaye abanakho ukucela imali yesikolo ephoqelekileyo. Ukuba isikolo seQuintile 1–3 sizama ukucela imali, abazali bakhululwa ngokuqhubekayo. Izikolo zeQuintile 4–5 “izikolo ezihlawulayo” kwaye zinakho ukucela imali, kodwa kufuneka zinike iindlela zokukhululwa kwimindeni efanelekileyo.

Ngubani Ofanelekayo Ukukhululwa Kwemali Yesikolo?

Ukufaneleka kokukhululwa kwemali kuxhomekeke kwimali yasekhaya yakho ecaleni nemali yesikolo yonyaka. INational Norms and Standards for School Funding (NSSF) inika umda wemali ocacileyo.

Imigaqo Yokukhululwa Okupheleleyo

Ufanelekile ukukhululwa okupheleleyo (100% yemali ikhululwe) ukuba imali yasekhaya yakho ehlanganisiweyo yonyaka ingaphantsi kwexesha eli-10 lemali yesikolo yonyaka. Ngokomzekelo, ukuba imali yonyaka yi-R5,000, ufanelekile ukuba imali yasekhaya ingaphantsi kuka-R50,000 ngonyaka.

Imali yasekhaya iquka zonke iimali, amaholo, iintlawulo zikarhulumente, imali yerenti, imali yebhizinisi, nayo nayiphi enye imithombo yemali eqhelekileyo evela kubazali ababini/abagcini, bonke abaxhomekekayo, nabaninzi abadala abanegalelo kwindleko zasekhaya.

Imigaqo Yokukhululwa Ngxenye

Ufanelekile ukukhululwa ngxenye ukuba imali yasekhaya iphakathi kwexesha eli-10 neeli-30 lemali yonyaka, ukukhululwa kuphantsi njengoko imali inyuka:

Imali yasekhaya (ixesha lemali yonyaka)	Ukukhululwa	Uyahlawula
Ixesha 10–15	75%	25% yemali
Ixesha 15–20	50%	50% yemali
Ixesha 20–25	25%	75% yemali
Ixesha 25–30	Akukho	Imali epheleleyo

Umzekelo: ukuba imali yonyaka yi-R6,000, imali yasekhaya engu-R60,000–R90,000 iyahlawula u-R1,500 (75% ukukhululwa); R90,000–R120,000 iyahlawula u-R3,000 (50%); R120,000–R150,000 iyahlawula u-R4,500 (25%); ngaphezu kuka-R180,000 iyahlawula u-R6,000 opheleleyo.

Iimeko Ezikhethekileyo

Nokuba imali yakho idlula imida, usenokufaneleka ukukhululwa ngaphantsi kwimeko ezikhethekileyo:

Ukufa komthwali wekhaya: Ukuba umthwali wemali oyinene ufile ngaphantsi kweenyanga ezi-12 ezidlulileyo
Ukudityaniswa okanye ukulahlekelwa yomsebenzi: Ukuba umthwali wekhaya ulahlekelwe umsebenzi kwaye efuna umsebenzi ngokuzimela
Iindleko zokugula: Ukuba iindleko zasekhaya zokugula zidlula i-20% yemali yonyaka
Abafundi abaninzi: Ukuba unabantwana abathathu okanye ngaphezulu kwizikolo ezihlawulayo ngaxeshanye
Ukukhubazeka: Ukuba ilungu lasekhaya lineenkubalo ezifuna unyango oluqhubekayo okanye uxhaso

Izikolo kufuneka zicinge ezi meko xa ziphonononga izicelo zokukhululwa, nokuba imida yemali ayihlangatyelelwanga.

Indlela Yokucela Ukukhululwa Kwemali Yesikolo

Inkqubo yokucela kufuneka ibe lula kwaye ifikeleleke. Landela ezi nqobo:

Inyathelo 1: Fumana Ifom Yokucela

Cela ifom yokucela ukukhululwa kwiofisi yokuphatha yesikolo sakho. Izikolo zifanele zinike ezi fom mahala kuzo zonke iilwimi zesisemthethweni ezisetyenziswa esikolweni. Unakho ukulayisha amafom kwiwebhusayithi yesebe lemfundo yeprovinsi yakho.

Inyathelo 2: Qokelela Amaxwebhu Afunekayo

Uya kufuna ubungqina bemali yasekhaya neemeko. Amaxwebhu adingekayo aquka:

Amaxwebhu abalulekileyo:

Ifom yokucela ukukhululwa egcwalisiweyo
Iikopi eziqinisekisiweyo zeziD zabo bonke amalungu asekhayeni
Iikopi eziqinisekisiweyo zezati zokuzalwa zabantwana bonke
Ubungqina bemali: amaphepha emali (iinyanga ezi-3 zokugqibela), amaphepha ebhanki, izati zerhafu (ukuba uzisebenzisa), okanye isibhengezo ukuba awusebenzi
Ubungqina beentlawulo zikarhulumente (iileta ze-SASSA okanye amaphepha ebhanki)
Ubungqina bokuhlala (irisiti yomzi, isivumelwano sokukhusela, okanye isibhengezo)

Amaxwebhu longezelelweyo kwimeko ezikhethekileyo:

Isati sokufa, ileta yokudityaniswa, izati zokugula/amabilini, okanye izati zeenkubalo (njengokusebenzayo)

Okubalulekileyo: Zonke iikopi kufuneka ziqinisekiswe nguMcommissioner weZibhengezo. Izikolo zifanele zigcine iikopi eziqinisekisiweyo kuphela, hayi oooriginal.

Inyathelo 3: Gcwalisa Uthumele

Gcwalisa ifom ngokupheleleyo nangokuchanekileyo, kuquka iinkcukacha zabo bonke amalungu asekhayeni, ukwahlula imali, iindleko, neemeko ezikhethekileyo. Thumela namaxwebhu onke axhasayo phambi komgca (ngokuthi saquke ngaphantsi kweentsuku ezi-30 zokwazisa imali) size ucele irisiti eqinisekisayo ukuthumela.

Inyathelo 4: Uphononongo Lwesicelo

I-SGB yesikolo kufuneka iseke ikomiti yokukhululwa (equka amalungu e-SGB, umphathi, nomphathi wezemali) ukuphonononga izicelo. Izikolo zifanele ziphendule ngaphantsi kweentsuku ezi-30, zicinga ukuchaneka kwemali, ukuqinisekisa amaxwebhu, imeko ezikhethekileyo, nokuthobela i-SASA/NSSF.

Inyathelo 5: Fumana Isigqibo

Isikolo kufuneka sinike isigqibo esibhaliweyo esithi ukukhululwa kunikiwe na (okupheleleyo okanye ngxenye), ipesenti, izizathu, nolwazi lokukhalaza. Ukuba lamkelwe, ukukhululwa kusebenza unyaka wonke wemfundo (kufuneka ucelwe unyaka ngonyaka). Ukuba alenkwenye, unelungelo lokukhalaza.

Iimfanelo Zesikolo Zokukhululwa Kwemali

Izikolo zineemfanelo zisesemthethweni ezicacileyo ngaphantsi kwe-SASA. Isikolo ngasinye sikawonke-wonke kufuneka:

1. Ninike inkqubo yokukhululwa: Nibe nenkqubo yokukhululwa kwemali ebhaliweyo ethatyathwe yi-SGB, efumanekayo kuzo zonke iilwimi zesisemthethweni, ebonakalisa ngokugqamileyo, nequkiwe kwiipaki zokungena.

2. Abanakho ukususa abafundi: Izikolo ziyalelwe ukunqanda ukungena, ukumisa abafundi, ukuvalela ukuthatha inxaxheba kwimisebenzi, ukubamba amakhadi engxelo, okanye ukucela imali kwizikolo zeQuintile 1–3 ngesiseko sokungahlawuli.

3. Ziphathise izicelo ngokulinganayo: Zamkele izicelo ngaphantsi kweentsuku ezi-30 zokwazisa imali, ziphonononge ngaphantsi kweentsuku ezi-30, zinike izigqibo ezibhaliweyo neenzathu ezi cacileyo, zigcine ubumfihlo, ziphathe zonke izicelo ngokufanayo.

4. Zigcine amarekhodi: Zigcine amarekhodi okukhululwa ngenjongo yophononongo size zibike amanani kumasebe emfundo eeprovinsi unyaka ngonyaka.

Ukugqitha Okuqhelekileyo Namalungelo Akho

Ukugqitha okuqhelekileyo kuquka ukucela imali kwizikolo zeQuintile 1–3, ukunqanda amafom okukhululwa, ukubambezeleka ukuphatha, ukunqanda ngaphandle kokuphonononga okufanelekileyo, okanye ukususa abafundi ngenxa yokungahlawuli.

Ukuba amalungelo akho aphulwe: Bhala phantsi yonke into, uxhumane ne-SGB, uye phezulu kwi-ofisi yesithili yesebe lemfundo yeprovinsi yakho, ufake isikhalazo esisesemthethweni ne-HOD, okanye ufune uncedo lwemthetho kwi-Legal Aid South Africa.

Khumbula: Akukho mfundi anokususwa esikolweni ngenxa yokungahlawuli ukuba ufanelekile ukukhululwa okanye ucele ukukhululwa.

IQuintile 1–3 vs IQuintile 4–5: Umahluko Obalulekileyo

Izikolo zeQuintile 1–3 (Izikolo Ezingahlawuli)

Zikwimimandla ehluphekileyo kakhulu, ezi zikolo zifumana uxhaso oluphakamileyo lukarhulumente (90–100%), abanakho ukucela imali ephoqelekileyo, kwaye bonke abafundi bakhululwa ngokuqhubekayo. Akukho mfuneko yokucela — ukuba isikolo sizama ukucela imali, oku akusemthethweni kwaye kufanele kubikwe. Izikolo zinokucela iindonelo zokuzithandela, kodwa ezi azinakuba zipoqelekile.

Izikolo zeQuintile 4–5 (Izikolo Ezihlawulayo)

Zikwimimandla ephakathi ukuya ecebekileyo, ezi zikolo zifumana uxhaso ophantsi lukarhulumente (40–60%) kwaye zinakho ukucela imali (ngokuvumelwa yi-SGB), kodwa zifanele zinike iindlela zokukhululwa. Abazali kufuneka bacele ukukhululwa ukuba abanakho ukuhlawula, izikolo zifanele ziphathise izicelo, kwaye abafundi abanakho ukususwa ukuba ukukhululwa kulindelwe okanye kwamkelwe. Nasezikolweni ezihlawulayo, akukho mfundi anokunqandwa imfundo ukuba ufanelekile ukukhululwa.

Inkqubo Yokukhalaza

Ukuba isicelo sakho sokukhululwa salenkwenye, unelungelo lokukhalaza ukuze kuphononongwe ngokuzimeleyo. Ungakhalaza ukuba isicelo sakho salenkwenye kodwa ukholelwa ukuba ufanelekile, ufumene ukukhululwa ngxenye kodwa ukholelwa ukuba ufanelekile okupheleleyo, isikolo asikwazanga ukuphatha ngaphantsi kweentsuku ezi-30, okanye ukholelwa ukuba isigqibo sasingalunganga okanye asichanekanga.

Indlela Yokukhalaza

Inyathelo 1: Cela ifom lokukhalaza kwikuphatha kwesikolo (izikolo zifanele zinike ezi).

Inyathelo 2: Thumela ukukhalaza kwakho ngaphantsi kweentsuku ezi-14. Quka ifom egcwalisiweyo, ikopi yesicelo sokuqala nesigqibo, nawaphi na amaxwebhu axhasayo longezelelweyo, nencazo ecacileyo yokutheni isigqibo sasingalunganga.

Inyathelo 3: Ukukhalaza kuphononongwa yi-ofisi yesithili yesebe lemfundo yeprovinsi yakho okanye ikomiti yokukhalaza ezimeleyo.

Inyathelo 4: Uya kufumana isigqibo esibhaliweyo ngaphantsi kweentsuku ezi-30. Isigqibo sokukhalaza sigqibeleleyo kwaye sibophelela.

Thumela ngaphantsi kweentsuku ezi-14, yenza ucacise ukutheni isigqibo sasingalunganga, uninike ubungqina. Gcina amarekhodi okuphathiswana kwakho konke.

Iindlela Ezilungileyo Zezikolo Eziphatha Ukukhululwa Kwemali

Kubaphathi bezikolo, ukuphatha ukukhululwa ngempumelelo kubalulekile ukuthobela. Iindlela ezibalulekileyo:

1. Yenza inkqubo ebanzi: Chaza ngokucacileyo ukufaneleka, iinkqubo, iimfuno zamaxwebhu, iimigca, nenkqubo yokukhalaza.

2. Qeqesha abasebenzi: Qinisekisa ukuba bonke abasebenzi bokuphatha bayaqonda iimfuno ze-SASA, qeqesha amalungu ekomiti yokukhululwa, ninike uqeqesho lokuziva, nigcine abasebenzi bevuselelwe ngokutshintsho kweenkqubo.

3. Sebenzisa ubuchwepheshe: Inkqubo yokulawula isikolo elandela izicelo zokukhululwa, ebalela iipesenti ukusuka kwimida yemali, ivelisa iingxelo ze-SGB nokuthumela kweprovinsi inciphisa iziphazamiso kwaye igcina ixesha. Bona ikhokelo yethu isoftwe yokuthabatha imali yesikolo eMzantsi Afrika iinkhetho.

4. Thetha ngaphambili: Quka ulwazi lokukhululwa kwiipaki zokungena, bonakalisa inkqubo ngokugqamileyo, thumela izikhumbuzi zemigca, ninike amafom kuzo zonke iilwimi zesisemthethweni, ninike uncedo kubazali.

5. Gcina ubumfihlo: Gcina ulwazi lwemali lufihlakele, linganisele ukufikelela kubasebenzi abagunyazisiweyo, qinisekisa ukuba isimo sokukhululwa asixeliwa, nigcine amaxwebhu abalulekileyo ngokukhuselekileyo.

Iingxaki eziqhelekileyo: Izicelo ezingaphelelanga (ninike amalisti nouncebo), izicelo ezibambezeleyo (vumelani ngezizathu eziyinyaniso), ukunzima ukuqinisekisa (yamkelani iizibhengezo kwumsebenzi ongaqhelekanga), nempembelelo yembeko (cwangcisa ngezinga le-5–15% zokukhululwa).

6. Cwangcisa ngempembelelo yemali: Izikolo ezihlawulayo ezininzi zibona izinga lokukhululwa le-5–20% (iQuintile 4 ngokuthi saquke 10–20%, iQuintile 5 ngokuthi saquke 5–15%), ngokusekelwe kwimeko zendawo nezinga lemali. Xa zicwangcisa imali, ii-SGB zifanele zilinganise izinga lokukhululwa ukusuka kubantu nasedatheni yembali, ziyifake ekubaleni kwemali, zicinge uxhaso lukarhulumente (40–60% yeQuintile 4–5). Linganisa ukufikeleleka nokuhlala; imali emiselwe iphezulu kakhulu inyusa izinga lokukhululwa.

Ukukhululwa kwemali yesikolo eMzantsi Afrika lilungelo lesemthethweni ngaphantsi kwe-SASA. Izikolo zeQuintile 1–3 abanakho ukucela imali; izikolo zeQuintile 4–5 zifanele zinike iindlela zokukhululwa. Ukukhululwa okupheleleyo kusebenza xa imali yasekhaya ingaphantsi kwexesha eli-10 lemali yonyaka; ukukhululwa ngxenye kulandela isikali esitshitshayo se-10–30. Izikolo abanakho ukususa abafundi ngenxa yokungahlawuli xa ukukhululwa kunikiwe okanye kuceliwe, kwaye kukho inkqubo yokukhalaza. Abazali bafanele bazi amalungelo abo, bathumele ngexesha, bakhalaze ukuba balenkwenye. Izikolo zifanele zithabathe iinkqubo ezi cacileyo, ziqeqeshe abasebenzi, zigcine ukuthobela.

Ukuphatha ukukhululwa ngempumelelo kufuneka ukulandela ngokuchanekileyo, amaxwebhu acacileyo, nentcitho evumelaniyo. I-Fundisa inceda izikolo zaseMzantsi Afrika zilandele ukukhululwa kwemali ngokweSigaba 39 se-SASA, ibale iipesenti zokukhululwa ukusuka kwimida yemali, ivelise iingxelo kwimihlangano ye-SGB nokuthumela kweprovinsi. Bona indlela i-Fundisa ixhasa ukuthabatha imali nolawulo lokukhululwa kwipulatifomu enye. Ulwazi oluninzi, funda ikhokelo yolawulo lwemali lwe-SGB ne-iicebo zokuthabatha imali yesikolo kwizikolo zase-SA.

Imibuzo Ebuzwa Qho

Ingaba isikolo sinakho ukunqanda ukwamkela isicelo sam sokukhululwa?

Hayi. Izikolo ziyafuneka ngokwesemthethweni ukwamkela izicelo zokukhululwa kubo nabani na umzali ocela. Ukuba isikolo sinqanda ukunika ifom yokucela okanye ukwamkela isicelo sakho, oku kuphula isigaba 39 se-SASA. Xhumana ne-ofisi yesithili yesebe lemfundo yeprovinsi yakho ukubika ukuphulwa. Izikolo zifanele zinike amafom mahala kuzo zonke iilwimi zesisemthethweni ezisetyenziswa esikolweni.

Ingaba kufuneka ndicele ukukhululwa kwakhona unyaka ngonyaka?

Ewe, izicelo zokukhululwa zisebenza unyaka wemfundo owodwa kuphela. Kufuneka ucele unyaka ngonyaka, kodwa inkqubo inokuba lula ukuba iimeko zakho zezemali azizange zitshintshe kakhulu. Ezinye izikolo zivumela izicelo zokuvuselela eziqhelanisayo ukuba isimo sakho singatshintshanga — khangela nekuphatha kwesikolo. Gcina iikopi zezicelo ezedlulileyo ukuze inkqubo yokuvuselela ikhawuleze.

Kwenzeka ntoni ukuba ndingakwazi ukuhlawula inani elingxenye (umz. 25% yemali)?

Ukuba ngokwenene unakho ukuhlawula nangona inani elincinci emva kokukhululwa ngxenye, unakho ukucela uphononongo ngokusekelwe kwimeko ezikhethekileyo. Bhala phantsi isimo sakho (iindleko zokugula, abantwana abaninzi kwizikolo ezihlawulayo, iindleko ezingalindelwanga) size uthumele isicelo esibhaliweyo kwikomiti yokukhululwa sichaza ukutheni inani elingxenye lingafikeleleki. Izikolo zifanele zicinge iimeko zembandezelo yangenyani, nangona ukukhululwa okupheleleyo ngaphezu kwemida yemali kusekwisimo lekomiti.

Ingaba izikolo zinakho ukucela “iindonelo zokuzithandela” endaweni yemali kwizikolo zeQuintile 1–3?

Izikolo zeQuintile 1–3 abanakho ukucela imali ephoqelekileyo, kodwa zinokucela iindonelo zokuzithandela. Nangona kunjalo, ezi ndonelo kufuneka zibe zokuzithandela ngokwenene — izikolo abanakho ukuzenza zibe yimfuneko yokungena, ukuthatha inxaxheba kwimisebenzi, okanye ukufumana amakhadi engxelo. Ukuba “indonelo yokuzithandela” iphoqelekile ngokwenene, oku kuphula i-SASA. Bika ezi nkqubo kwisebe lemfundo yeprovinsi yakho. Izikolo zifanele zahlule ngokucacileyo phakathi kwemali ephoqelekileyo (engalunganga kwiQuintile 1–3) neendonelo zokuzithandela (zivumelelwe kodwa kufuneka zikhetho).