Policy ya Ndela ya Tshikolo South Africa: Guidi ya SASA

Vhadzulapasi na SGB vhanzhi vha linga u linganisa order tshikoloni na zwiponi zwa vhagudi, vha sa zwi pfese arali maitele avho a lingana na zwi todo zwa SASA na constitutional. Nga u sa vha na policy ya ndela ya tshikolo South Africa yo vhonalea, zwikolo zwi kona u linga u shumisa zwi sa linganaho, zwiitisi zwa vhabebi na tshikololo tsha ma error a maitele kha suspension kana expulsion. Policy ya ndela yo linganaho na SASA i londola zwiponi zwa vhagudi, i nea vhafunzi na vhatangi maitele a vhonalea a u tevhela na i fhungudza tshikololo tsha mulayo na tsha reputational.

Guidi iyi i talusa ndila u bveledza na u shuma policy ya ndela ya tshikolo yo linganaho na SASA Sections 8–9, Constitution Section 12 na SACE Code of Professional Ethics. I katela ma level a misconduct na zwibveledzwa, zwiṅwe u thandula corporal punishment (i khotheliwaho), maitele a suspension na expulsion, due process na u vhulunga marekhodo u ita uri tshikolo shanu tshi kone u vhulunga vhudavhidzani ha u vhulunga na u sala u linga.

Ndi Mini Policy ya Ndela ya Tshikolo South Africa?

Policy ya ndela ya tshikolo ndi document yo raluwaho yo talusaho milayo, maitele na zwibveledzwa zwa misconduct ya vhagudi. I shuma sa framework kha u vhulunga order, u bveledza u ita ho nanga na u ita uri vhagudi vhothe vha tendelwe nga u linga. Nga SASA, tshikolo tshinwe na tshinwe tsha pfanelo tsha fanela u bveledza code ya conduct (i katelaho maitele a ndela) na u vhudzulula na vhagudi, vhabebi na vhafunzi.

Zwithu zwa ndeme zwa policy ya ndela:

Milayo yo vhonalea: Zwi todo zwa no sedzuluswa zwa u ita ha vhagudi
Ma level a misconduct: U vhea ma offence u bva madoko u ya kha ndeme
Zwibveledzwa: Zwitevheli zwa ndela zwa progressive zwa linganaho na vhukuma ha misconduct
Due process: Maitele a u linga kha u sedza na u amba zwiitisi
Maitele a u apela: Ndila kha vhagudi na vhabebi u linga zwibveledzwa
U vhulunga marekhodo: Tsedzuluso kha u ngwala zwiitisi na zwithu zwa itwaho

Policy ya ndela yo bveledzwaho nga vhukuma i bveledza accountability, i thivhela u tenda u sa linganaho, i londola zwiponi zwa vhagudi na i ita uri zwibveledzwa zwa ndela zwi linge tshikoloni.

Legal Framework: SASA, Constitution na SACE

U pfesesa mulayo wa ndela ya tshikolo ndi ndeme kha compliance na u londola zwiponi zwa vhagudi.

South African Schools Act (SASA) Sections 8–9

Section 8: Code ya Conduct

SASA Section 8 i todo tshikolo tshinwe na tshinwe tsha pfanelo u tenda code ya conduct kha vhagudi. Code iyi ya fanela:

U bveledzwa na u vhudzulula na vhagudi, vhabebi na vhafunzi
U lingana na Constitution na mulayo wa provinsi wo shumaho
U vhea maitele a ndela na zwibveledzwa zwa u hanana
U sedzwa nga ngwaha na u khwiniswa arali zwi todo
U tendelwa vhagudi vhothe, vhabebi na vhashumi

Code ya conduct i vhea mulayo wa policy yau ya ndela, i vhea milayo na maitele a laulaho u ita ha vhagudi.

Section 9: Suspension na Expulsion

SASA Section 9 i laula suspension na expulsion ya vhagudi:

Suspension: U bvisa tshikoloni nga tshifhinga (max maḓuvha 7) u lavhelela u sedza
Expulsion: U bvisa tshikoloni nga tshifhinga tshothe (i todo approval ya dipatimenti ya thikhedzo ya provinsi)
Due process: Vhagudi vha na zwila u thetsheleswa phanḓa ha suspension kana expulsion
Ma apela: Vhagudi na vhabebi vha kona u apela zwibveledzwa zwa suspension kana expulsion

Zwikolo a zwi koni u suspendela kana u expela vhagudi nga u sa linga — zwibveledzwa zwoṱhe zwa fanela u tevhela maitele a u linga na u tenda nga misconduct ya ndeme.

Constitution Section 12: Zwila u Freedom na Security

Constitution Section 12 i londola zwila muthu nngwe na nngwe u freedom na security ya muthu, kushaka zwila:

U sa tendelwa u tendelwa kana u tendwa nga ndila yo vhavha, i sa vha muthu kana i degrading
U sa tendelwa torture

Londolo iyi ya constitutional i khothela corporal punishment nga vhukuma kha zwikolo. Ngaḓo nngwe na nngwe ya u tenda nga muvhili i hanana na zwiponi zwa vhagudi zwa constitutional na i khotheliwaho.

SACE Code of Professional Ethics

SACE Code of Professional Ethics i laula vhafunzi u:

Vhonalea dignity na zwiponi zwa vhagudi
Vhulunga zwiponi zwa professional
Shumisa ndila dza ndela zwo linganaho
Gana u tenda nga muvhili kana u humilia
Tevhela ma policy ya tshikolo na zwi todo zwa mulayo

Vhafunzi vha hananaho na SACE Code vha kona u linga tshikololo tsha ndela, kushaka suspension kana u bviswa nga mushumo.

Milayo ya Provinsi

Dipatimenti dza thikhedzo ya provinsi zwi kona u bvisa milayo yo engedzaho ya ndela ya tshikolo. Zwikolo zwa fanela u linga na zwoṱhe national (SASA) na zwi todo zwa provinsi. Sedzani website ya dipatimenti ya thikhedzo ya provinsi yanu kha milayo ya no sedzuluswa kha provinsi yanu.

Ndila dza Ndela dzo Khotheliwaho na Zwiṅwe

Ndila dza ndela dzinwe zwi khothelwa nga mulayo wa South Africa na a zwi faneli u shumiswa zwikoloni.

Corporal Punishment

Corporal punishment i khotheliwaho fhethu huthihi kha zwikolo zwa South Africa. Zwi katela:

U tenda nga muvhili (u rema, u cana, u spanka)
U lavhela vhagudi u ita mishumo ya muvhili i vhavhaho
Ngaḓo nngwe na nngwe ya muvhili i todo u bveledza vhavhi kana u humilia

Mulayo wa u khothela:

Constitution Section 12 (zwila u freedom na security)
SASA Section 10 (u khothela corporal punishment)
Children’s Act Section 110 (u londola nga abuse)
SACE Code of Professional Ethics

Zwibveledzwa zwa u shumisa corporal punishment:

Zwi khakhelwa (assault)
Tshikololo tsha ndela tsha SACE (suspension kana u bviswa nga mushumo)
Liability ya civil (zwitisi zwa vhabebi)
U thetshelesa ha dipatimenti ya thikhedzo ya provinsi

Zwikolo zwa fanela u ita uri vhashumi vhothe vha pfese uri corporal punishment i khotheliwaho na i do bveledza zwibveledzwa zwa ndeme.

Ndila Dzoṱhe dzo Khotheliwaho

Ndila dzo engedzaho dza ndela dzo khothelwaho zwi katela:

U humilia: U humilia nga public, u vhidza maina kana u tenda nga u degrading
U gana zwithu zwa ndeme: U gana zwilia, madi kana u wana zwimbudzi
U tenda u bveledza: Zwibveledzwa zwi sa lingani na misconduct
U khetha: U tenda u sedza vhukoloni, gender, religion kana zwiṅwe zwa u londolwa
U tenda tshigwada: U tenda makilasi kana tshigwada tshothe kha misconduct ya muthu
U gana thikhedzo: U thivhela vhagudi u vha hone makilasini sa ndela (nga u talela maitele a suspension a u linga)

Ndila dzoṱhe dza ndela dza fanela u vhonalea dignity ya mugudi, u linga na vhudzi na u lingana na zwiponi zwa constitutional.

Ma Level a Misconduct na Zwibveledzwa

Tsedzuluso ya ndela ya progressive i vhea misconduct kha ma level u sedza vhukuma, na zwibveledzwa zwo linganaho kha level nngwe na nngwe. Zwi ita uri zwi linge na u linga u engedza musi misconduct i ya u bvela kana i bvela ndeme.

Level 1: Misconduct Madoko

Misconduct madoko zwi katela zwiitisi zwa khakhisa u guda fhedzi a zwi bveledzi tshikololo tsha ndeme kana u hanana na milayo ya ndeme ya tshikolo.

Tshifaniso:

U amba kha kilasi
U sa fhedzi mushumo wa hayi
U sa tevhela uniform kukundi
U bvisa zwithu zwo khotheliwaho (ma toy, zwifoni kha kilasi)
U bvisa zwine zwa talelwa
U givha kha corridors
U sa vhonalea vhafunzi kana vharathi kukundi

Zwibveledzwa:

Warning ya mafhungo
Warning ya ngwala (yo rekodiwaho kha fayili ya mugudi)
Detention (tshifhinga tsha murahu ha tshikolo tsha u sedzuluswa)
Community service (u cleana, u vhudzulula)
U vhidza mubebi
Kontrakiti ya u ita (pfano ya u bveledza u ita)

Zwi todo: U konḓa u ita nga u guda na u konḓa u fhungudza, u thivhela u bvela kha misconduct yo engedzaho.

Level 2: Misconduct ya Vhukati

Misconduct ya vhukati zwi katela zwiitisi zwa hananaho na milayo ya tshikolo nga vhukuma kana zwa khakhisa vhudavhidzani ha u guda nga vhukuma.

Tshifaniso:

Misconduct madoko nga u vhambela (murahu ha ma warning)
U khakhisa kha kilasi
U hanana na maitele a vhafunzi
U khakhela (mafhungo, u talela vhaṅwe)
U cheata kha thandulo kana mitirho
Vandalism (u onwa zwithu kukundi)
U bva tshikoloni nga u sa tendelwa
U shumisa nyambo i sa linganaho
U bva zwithu kukundi (u bva zwithu nga u sa tendelwa)

Zwibveledzwa:

Warning ya formal ya ngwala
Detention (yo engedzwa kana ma session manganzhi)
Community service (zwiawara zwo engedzaho)
U talela zwiponi (sports, zwiitisi zwa extramural)
U vhonala na mubebi ku lavhelwa
Maano a thikhedzo ya u ita
U rumela kha vhafunzi vha u vhudzulula kana thikhedzo
In-school suspension (u bviswa makilasini a vhukuma, programme ya alternative ya u sedzuluswa)

Zwi todo: U amba misconduct nga vhukuma na u nea thikhedzo u thetshelesa vhagudi u bveledza u ita.

Level 3: Misconduct ya Ndeme

Misconduct ya ndeme zwi katela zwiitisi zwa bveledzaho tshikololo, zwa hananaho na milayo ya ndeme ya tshikolo kana zwa kona u vha na zwibveledzwa zwa mulayo.

Tshifaniso:

U lwa nga muvhili kana u khakhela
U khakhela ha ndeme (nga tshifhinga tshothe, zwa bveledza tshikololo)
U bva zwithu (vhukuma vha ndeme)
Vandalism (u onwa ha ndeme)
U vha na zwikhwama (mienge, zwikhwama)
U vha na kana u shumisa zwifaru kana alcohol
U hanana ha ndeme kana insubordination
Ma threat a violence
Sexual harassment kana u ita u sa linga ha sexual
Cyberbullying (zwiitisi zwa ndeme)
Misconduct ya vhukati nga u vhambela nga u talela maitele

Zwibveledzwa:

Hearing ya ndela ya formal
Suspension (vho fhira maḓuvha 7, u lavhelela u sedza)
U rumela kha thikhedzo ya nga nḓe (vhashumi vha social, vhapsychologist)
U thetshelesa mapolisa (arali offence ya criminal)
Maano a u thetshelesa u ita (thikhedzo yo raluwaho)
U talela zwiponi zwoṱhe
Community service (yo engedzwa, yo sedzuluswaho)
U bva na zwiito zwa ndeme (na zwithu zwa ndeme)

Zwi todo: U amba misconduct ya ndeme nga vhukuma na u ita uri due process i linge na u nea thikhedzo yo linganaho.

Level 4: Misconduct ya Ndeme Vhukuma

Misconduct ya ndeme vhukuma zwi katela zwiitisi zwa bveledzaho tshikololo nga u khwatha, zwa hananaho na mulayo wa criminal kana zwa vhulunga u vhulunga ha tshikolo na order.

Tshifaniso:

U khakhela ha ndeme ha bveledzaho tshikololo
U vha na zwikhwama kana zwikhwama zwa tshikololo
U rekisa zwifaru kana u bvisa
Sexual assault kana misconduct ya sexual ya ndeme
Arson kana vandalism ya ndeme
Ma threat na zwikhwama
U shuma na ma gang
Misconduct ya ndeme nga u vhambela nga u talela maitele
U ita u bveledza tshikololo kha vhupo kana u vhulunga vha vhaṅwe

Zwibveledzwa:

Suspension nga u khwatha (u lavhelela u sedza)
Hearing ya ndela ya formal (na legal representation arali yo lavhelwa)
Lavhelo la expulsion (i todo approval ya dipatimenti ya thikhedzo ya provinsi)
U thetshelesa mapolisa (ku lavhelwa kha ma offence a criminal)
U rumela kha ma programme a thikhedzo ya alternative
Maano a thikhedzo yo raluwaho (arali mugudi a sala tshikoloni)

Zwi todo: U londola u vhulunga ha tshikolo na u ita uri due process i linge na u sedza zwithu zwoṱhe zwa thikhedzo phanḓa ha expulsion.

Tafura ya Ma Level a Misconduct

Level	Tshifaniso	Zwibveledzwa zwa Vhukuma	U Sedza Ku Lavhelwa
Level 1: Madoko	U amba kha kilasi, u sa tevhela uniform kukundi, mushumo wo sa fhedzi	Warning ya mafhungo, warning ya ngwala, detention, u vhidza mubebi	Informal (vhafunzi vha konḓa)
Level 2: Vhukati	Misconduct madoko nga u vhambela, u khakhisa, u khakhela kukundi, u cheata	Warning ya formal, detention yo engedzaho, u talela zwiponi, u vhonala na mubebi, in-school suspension	Formal (head of department kana deputy principal)
Level 3: Ndeme	U lwa nga muvhili, u khakhela ha ndeme, u bva, vandalism, u vha na zwifaru/alcohol	Hearing ya ndela, suspension (vho fhira maḓuvha 7), u rumela thikhedzo ya nga nḓe, u thetshelesa mapolisa arali criminal	Formal (mudzulapasi kana tshigwada tsha ndela)
Level 4: Ndeme Vhukuma	U khakhela ha ndeme, zwikhwama, u rekisa zwifaru, sexual assault, arson, ma threat na zwikhwama	Suspension nga u khwatha, hearing ya formal, lavhelo la expulsion, u thetshelesa mapolisa ku lavhelwa	Formal (mudzulapasi, tshigwada tsha ndela, dipatimenti ya provinsi)

Ndemee: Tafura iyi i nea guidi ya vhukuma. Zwikolo zwa fanela u bveledza maitele a no sedzuluswa zwa linganaho na zwiitisi zhavho na milayo ya provinsi.

Zwiṅwe u Thandula Corporal Punishment

Nga corporal punishment i khotheliwaho, zwikolo zwa fanela u shumisa ndila dza ndela dzo fhambanaho zwa thetshelesaho, zwo vhonaleaho na zwo linganaho na SASA na zwi todo zwa constitutional.

Positive Behavioural Interventions na Supports (PBIS)

PBIS ndi ndila ya proactive i vhona u funza na u bveledza u ita ho nanga u thandula u tenda u ita u sa nangi.

Zwithu zwa ndeme:

Zwi todo zwo vhonalea: Funzani zwiitisi zwa u ita zwa lavhelwaho nga vhukuma
U bveledza u ita ho nanga: Sedzani na u tenda u ita ho nanga
Zwibveledzwa zwa u linganaho: Shumisani milayo nga u linga na nga u linganaho
Zwibveledzwa zwa data-driven: Shumisani data ya zwiitisi u sedza ma pattern na u khwinisa maitele
Thikhedzo ya multi-tiered: Neani ma level a thikhedzo a engedzaho zwi ya nga zwi todo

Zwithu:

I fhungudza misconduct nga u thivhela zwiitisi phanḓa ha zwi bvelela
I bveledza vhudavhidzani ha tshikolo ha u nanga
I bveledza engagement ya vhagudi na u guda
I vhea vhudavhidzani vhukati ha vhafunzi na vhagudi

Restorative Practices

Restorative practices zwi vhona u konḓa tshikololo na u vhulunga vhudavhidzani u thandula u tenda vhane vha hananaho.

Ndila dza ndeme:

Restorative circles: Mivhonga ya u thetshelesa i bvisa vha thetshelesaho vhukati
Mediation: Maitele a no vhudzululwa a u konḓa conflict
Restorative conferences: Mivhonga ya formal i katelaho vhagudi, vhabebi, vhafunzi na vha thetshelesaho
Community service: Service ya ndeme i amba tshikololo tshine tsha bveledzwa

Zwithu:

I thetshelesa vhagudi u pfesesa zwibveledzwa zwa maitele avho
I vhea empathy na accountability
I vhulunga vhudavhidzani na vhudavhidzani
I fhungudza ma offence nga u vhambela

Ma Kontrakiti a U ita na Maano a Thikhedzo

Kha vhagudi vha na misconduct nga u vhambela, ma kontrakiti a u ita na maano a thikhedzo zwi nea maitele a no vhudzululwa.

Zwithu:

Zwi todo zwo vhonalea: Zwiitisi zwa no sedzuluswa zwa lavhelwaho
Zwibveledzwa: Zwibveledzwa zwa pfano zwa u hanana
Thikhedzo: Zwishumiswa na maitele u thetshelesa mugudi u bvela phanḓa
U sedza: U sedza nga tshifhinga tshothe na u sedza u bvela phanḓa
Zwiponi: U bveledza u ita ho nanga kha u swikelea zwi todo

Zwithu:

I nea zwivumbi na u vhonalea
I thetshelesa vhagudi u vhea zwi todo
I ita uri u tevhela u linge
I sedza u bvela phanḓa nga tshifhinga

Detention na Community Service

Detention ya u sedzuluswa na community service zwi nea zwibveledzwa na u vhulunga vhagudi zwiitisini zwa u nanga.

Detention:

Tshifhinga tsha murahu ha tshikolo tsha u sedzuluswa
Tshifhinga tsha u sedza na u fhedza mushumo wo talelwaho
Ya fanela u vha ya u guda, a si u tenda
Tshifhinga tsha max tsha fanela u linga (zwa vhukuma zwiawara 1–2)

Community Service:

Service ya ndeme i amba tshikololo tshine tsha bveledzwa
Tshifaniso: u cleana, u vhudzulula, u thetshelesa vhagudi vhadoko, maitele a u bveledza tshikolo
Ya fanela u linga na vhudzi na u sedzuluswa
I nea tshifhinga tsha u thetshelesa nga u nanga

U Talela Zwiponi

U bvisa zwiponi (sports, zwiitisi zwa extramural, zwiitisi zwa tshikolo) zwi kona u shuma kha misconduct ya vhukati.

Maguidi:

Zwiponi zwi bviswaho zwi fanela u amba misconduct arali zwo konaho
Tshifhinga tsha fanela u linga na u amba nga vhukuma
Vhagudi vha fanela u pfesesa ndila u wana zwiponi
A zwi faneli u gana u wana thikhedzo ya ndeme

In-School Suspension

In-school suspension i bvisa vhagudi makilasini a vhukuma fhedzi i vha vhulunga tshikoloni kha programme ya alternative ya u sedzuluswa.

Zwithu:

Vhudavhidzani ha u guda ha alternative ha u sedzuluswa
Mushumo wa academiki u ya u shuma (mitirho i newa)
Thikhedzo ya u ita na u vhudzulula
Zwi todo zwo vhonalea na zwi todo zwa u bva kha makilasi a vhukuma
U sedza nga tshifhinga tshothe na u sedza u bvela phanḓa

Zwithu:

I vhulunga thikhedzo ya u guda
I nea thikhedzo yo raluwaho
I bvisa mugudi vhudavhidzanini ha vhukuma nga tshifhinga
I thetshelesa u bva kha makilasini nga zwivumbi

Ma Referral a Thikhedzo ya Nga Nḓe

Kha misconduct ya ndeme kana nga u vhambela, u rumela vhagudi kha thikhedzo ya nga nḓe zwi kona u amba zwiitisi zwa u bveledza.

Thikhedzo:

Vhashumi vha social (zwiitisi zwa mndeni, trauma, vhulahi)
Vhapsychologist (mental health, zwikololo zwa u ita)
Vhafunzi vha substance abuse (zwiitisi zwa zwifaru/alcohol)
Ma programme a u bvela vhudzi (life skills, mentorship)
Legal aid (arali hu na zwiitisi zwa mulayo)

Zwithu:

I amba zwiitisi zwa u bveledza misconduct
I nea vhukoni ha no sedzuluswa
I thetshelesa vhagudi na mindeni
I fhungudza mushumo kha zwishumiswa zwa tshikolo

Maitele a Suspension na Expulsion

Suspension ndi tshikololo tsha ndela tsha ndeme tshi bvisaho mugudi tshikoloni nga tshifhinga. SASA Section 9 i laula maitele a suspension na zwikolo zwa fanela u tevhela zwi todo zwa due process zwa ndeme.

Suspension

Suspension ya fanela u shumiswa fhedzi kha:

Misconduct ya ndeme (Level 3 kana 4)
Zwiitisi zwa u vhulunga nga u khwatha (ma threat, zwikhwama, violence)
Misconduct nga u vhambela nga u talela maitele
Ma offence a criminal (u bva, u khakhela, u vha na zwifaru)

Suspension a i faneli u shumiswa kha:

Misconduct madoko kana ya vhukati (shumisani zwiṅwe)
Zwiitisi zwa u guda
Ma offence a u thoma (nga u talela arali ndeme vhukuma)
U konḓa (u bvisa vhagudi “vha konzwa”)

Zwi Todo zwa Due Process

Phanḓa ha u suspendela mugudi, zwikolo zwa fanela:

1. U sedza zwiitisi

Kuvhanganyani nḓivho nga vhathu vhothe (mugudi, vhapo, vhafunzi)
Sedzani evidence (ma statement, ma document, evidence ya muvhili)
Ngwalani zwi wana u sedza
Itani uri u sedza u linge na u raluwa

2. U vhidza mugudi na vhabebi

Vhidzani mugudi na vhabebi nga misconduct yo khakhelwaho
Neani nḓivho ya zwiitisi na evidence
Talusani maitele a suspension na zwiponi
Neani tshifhinga tsha u responda phanḓa ha zwibveledzwa

3. U bveledza hearing ya ndela

Bveledzani hearing na mudzulapasi kana tshigwada tsha ndela
Tendelani mugudi na vhabebi u vha hone
Sumbedzani evidence na tendelani u responda
Sedzani ngaḓo ya mugudi na zwiitisi
Bveledzani zwibveledzwa nga u sedza evidence na policy ya tshikolo

4. Neani zwibveledzwa zwa ngwala

Mafhungo a ngwala a zwibveledzwa zwa suspension
Zwithu zwa suspension
Tshifhinga tsha suspension
Zwithu zwa u bva
Nḓivho ya maitele a u apela

Tshifhinga tsha Suspension na Zwithu zwa U Bva

Tshifhinga tsha max:

SASA i tendela suspension vho fhira maḓuvha 7 u lavhelela u sedza
Ma suspension a tshifhinga tshilapfu a todo approval ya dipatimenti ya thikhedzo ya provinsi
Suspension ya fanela u vha yo fhungudzaho nga u todo

Zwithu zwa u bva:

U fhedza tshifhinga tsha suspension
U vhonala na mudzulapasi kana tshigwada tsha ndela
Pfano ya zwi todo zwa u ita
U fhedza maitele a lavhelwaho (u vhudzulula, community service)
U vhonala na mubebi (arali ku lavhelwa)

Nga tshifhinga tsha suspension:

Mugudi a tendelwi tshikoloni
Mushumo wa academiki wa fanela u newa (u ngana u talela)
Thikhedzo ya fanela u vha hone (u vhudzulula, social work)
Vhudavhidzani nga tshifhinga tshothe na vhabebi

Maitele a Suspension

Zwiitisi zwi bvelela → Vhafunzi vha reporta kha mudzulapasi
U sedza → Kuvhanganyani nḓivho, evidence, ma statement
U vhidza → Vhidzani mugudi na vhabebi nga misconduct yo khakhelwaho
Hearing → Bveledzani hearing ya ndela na due process
Zwibveledzwa → Mudzulapasi kana tshigwada tshi nanga suspension
Mafhungo a ngwala → Neani mafhungo a suspension na zwithu
Tshifhinga tsha suspension → Mugudi a shuma suspension (vho fhira maḓuvha 7)
Mivhonga ya u bva → Vhonalani na mugudi na vhabebi phanḓa ha u bva
U bva tshikoloni → Mugudi a bva na zwithu zwa pfano
U sedza → Sedzani u ita na neani thikhedzo

Maitele a U Apela

Vhagudi na vhabebi vha kona u apela zwibveledzwa zwa suspension:

Zwithu zwa u apela:

Ma error a maitele (due process a i tevhelwa)
Zwibveledzwa zwa u sa linga (ndela i sa lingi misconduct)
Evidence ya vhutsha (nḓivho yo sa sedzwa)
U khetha (u tenda u sa linganaho)

Maitele a u apela:

Rumelani apela ya ngwala kha mudzulapasi (nga maḓuvha 7)
Mudzulapasi a sedza apela na a kona u khwinisa zwibveledzwa
Arali apela i hanelwa, bveledzani kha dipatimenti ya thikhedzo ya provinsi
Dipatimenti ya provinsi i sedza na i bveledza zwibveledzwa zwa u fhedza

Expulsion

Expulsion ndi tshikololo tsha ndela tsha ndeme vhukuma, tshi bvisaho mugudi tshikoloni nga tshifhinga tshothe. Expulsion i todo approval ya dipatimenti ya thikhedzo ya provinsi na ya fanela u shumiswa fhedzi kha zwiitisi zwa ndeme.

Musi Expulsion I Linga

Expulsion ya fanela u sedzwa fhedzi kha:

Misconduct ya ndeme vhukuma (Level 4)
Misconduct ya ndeme nga u vhambela nga u talela maitele
Ma threat a u vhulunga nga u khwatha (zwikhwama, violence ya ndeme)
Ma offence a criminal (u khakhela ha ndeme, u rekisa zwifaru, sexual assault)
U hanana ha ndeme na milayo na zwikhethekwa zwa tshikolo

Expulsion ya fanela u vha ndila ya u fhedza murahu ha zwithu zwoṱhe zwoṱhe zwa thetshelesa zwa fhedza.

Maitele a Expulsion

Step 1: U sedza na hearing

Bveledzani u sedza ho raluwaho
Bveledzani hearing ya ndela ya formal
Tendelani mugudi na vhabebi u sumbedza tshiponi tshavho
Sedzani evidence yothe na zwiitisi
Lavhelani expulsion

Step 2: Lavhelo la SGB

SGB i sedza zwi wana u sedza
I sedza lavhelo la expulsion
I nanga u lavhela expulsion
I lugisa report ya lavhelo la expulsion

Step 3: Approval ya dipatimenti ya provinsi

Rumelani lavhelo la expulsion kha dipatimenti ya thikhedzo ya provinsi
Katelani report ya u sedza, minute dza hearing, evidence, response ya mugudi, lavhelo la SGB
Dipatimenti ya provinsi i sedza zwiitisi
I bveledza zwibveledzwa zwa u fhedza (u tenda kana u hana expulsion)

Step 4: U shuma

Arali yo tendelwa, mugudi o expelwa
Tshikolo tshi vhudzulula u tama kha programme ya thikhedzo ya alternative
Neani marekhodo a academiki kha tshikolo tsha vhutsha
Vhulungani marekhodo kha tshifhinga tshi tevhelaho

Zwi Todo zwa Due Process

Expulsion i todo due process ya ndeme:

U sedza ho linganaho: U sedza ho raluwaho, ho sa khethi
Legal representation: Mugudi na vhabebi vha kona u vha na legal representation
Zwila u thetsheleswa: Tshifhinga tsha u raluwaho tsha u sumbedza tshiponi
Zwibveledzwa zwa ngwala: Zwibveledzwa zwa ngwala zwa no raluwaho na zwithu
Maitele a u apela: Zwila u apela kha dipatimenti ya provinsi kana kha ma court

Zwiṅwe u Thandula Expulsion

Phanḓa ha u expela, zwikolo zwa fanela u sedza:

Ma programme a thikhedzo ya alternative: Ma programme a no sedzuluswa kha vhagudi vha na zwiitisi zwa u ita
U tama kha tshikolo tsha vhutsha: Zwi kona u linga u thandula expulsion
Thikhedzo yo raluwaho: Thikhedzo ya u ita na academiki yo raluwaho
Maitele a therapeutic: U amba zwiitisi zwa u bveledza (trauma, mental health)

Expulsion ya fanela u bvelela fhedzi musi zwithu zwoṱhe zwa alternative zwa fhedza na mugudi a bveledzi threat nga tshifhinga tshothe kha u vhulunga kana a sa koni u thetshelwa tshikoloni.

U Vhulunga Marekhodo na U Bveledza Policy

U vhulunga marekhodo ho linganaho ndi ndeme kha taolo ya ndela, compliance ya mulayo na u sedza ma pattern a misconduct.

Zwi Fanelaho u Rekodwa

Documentation ya zwiitisi:

Duvha, tshifhinga na vhukuma ha zwiitisi
Vhagudi vha thetshelesaho (maina, magiredi, makilasi)
Nḓivho ya misconduct (yo raluwaho, ya nḓivho)
Vhapo (maina na ma statement)
Evidence (ma document, zwifanyiso, evidence ya muvhili)
Zwithu zwa itwaho (ma warning, zwibveledzwa, maitele)
U tevhela ku lavhelwa (mivhonga, thikhedzo, u sedza)

Tshikololo tsha ndela:

Ndi tshithu tshithi (warning, detention, suspension)
Duvha tshikololo tsha itwaho
Tshifhinga (arali zwi shuma)
Zwithu kana zwi todo
Muthu wo tendelaho tshikololo
U vhidza mugudi na mubebi (duvha, ndila)

Maitele a thikhedzo:

Ma referral kha vhafunzi vha u vhudzulula, vhashumi vha social kana thikhedzo ya nga nḓe
Ma kontrakiti a u ita kana maano a thikhedzo
U sedza u bvela phanḓa na u sedza
Mupfumo na u shuma

Maitele a Vhukuma a U Vhulunga Marekhodo

Confidentiality:

Vhulungani marekhodo nga confidential (vhashi vha tendelwaho fhedzi vha wana marekhodo)
Vhulungani marekhodo nga u vhulunga (ma cabinet a u locka kana tsedzuluso zwa password-protected)
Lingani na POPIA (Protection of Personal Information Act)
Sharelani nḓivho fhedzi na vha tendelwaho (vhabebi, dipatimenti ya provinsi, ma court arali ku lavhelwa)

U Linga:

Rekodani nḓivho nga u sa khethi (nganani zwiponi kana zwi sedzwa)
Shumisani nyambo yo vhonalea, yo sedzuluswa
Katelani nḓivho yothe ya ndeme
Khwinisani marekhodo nga u khwatha murahu ha zwiitisi kana tshikololo

U Fhedza:

Ngwalani zwiitisi zwoṱhe (na madoko)
Katelani ngaḓo dza vhathu vhothe
Vhulungani marekhodo nga chronological
Vhulungani documentation ya u thetshelesa (ma statement, evidence, correspondence)

U Vhulunga:

Vhulungani marekhodo tshifhinga tsha lavhelwaho (sedzani milayo ya provinsi, zwa vhukuma miaka 3–5 murahu ha mugudi a bva tshikoloni)
Vhulungani marekhodo a kale nga u vhulunga
Vhonani marekhodo nga u linga musi tshifhinga tsha u vhulunga tsha fhedza

Tsedzuluso dza U Vhulunga Marekhodo nga Dijithali

Tsedzuluso dza taolo ya tshikolo dza masiari dzi kona u fhungudza u vhulunga marekhodo a ndela: u engedza na u wana nga u khwatha, timestamps ya automatikhi, u sedza nga mugudi kana nga tshithi tsha zwiitisi, na marekhodo kha SGB kana zwitevheli zwa provinsi. Tsedzuluso nngwe na nngwe ya fanela u thetshelesa confidentiality na u vhulunga ho linganaho na POPIA.

U Bveledza Policy Yau ya Ndela ya Tshikolo

U bveledza policy ya ndela yo raluwaho i todo u vhudzulula, u vhudzulula na u lingana na SASA na zwi todo zwa provinsi.

Step 1: U Vhea Tshigwada tsha U Bveledza Policy

Vheani tshigwada tshi katelaho:

Vhamemberi vha SGB (vhane vha vha chairperson na vha thetshelesahi vha vhabebi)
Mudzulapasi na deputy principal
Vhafunzi (vha thetshelesahi nga ma phase/magiredi o fhambanaho)
Vha thetshelesahi vha vhagudi (vhamemberi vha RCL)
Vha thetshelesahi vha vhabebi (ngaḓo dzo fhambanaho)
Vhashumi vha thikhedzo (vhafunzi vha u vhudzulula, vhashumi vha social arali zwi vha hone)

Mushumo wa tshigwada:

Sedzani policy yo vha hone (arali zwi shuma)
Sedzani zwi todo zwa SASA na maitele a vhukuma
Bveledzani document ya policy
Vhudzululani na vha thetshelesaho
Khwinisani nga u sedza feedback
Sumbedzani policy ya u fhedza kha SGB u tenda

Step 2: Sedzani Zwi Todo zwa Mulayo

Itani uri policy i linge na:

SASA Sections 8–9: Code ya conduct na zwi todo zwa suspension/expulsion
Constitution Section 12: U khothela corporal punishment
Milayo ya provinsi: Sedzani zwi todo zwa dipatimenti ya thikhedzo ya provinsi
SACE Code: Professional ethics kha vhafunzi
Children’s Act: U londola zwiponi zwa vhana

Step 3: Talusani Ma Level a Misconduct na Zwibveledzwa

Bveledzani tsedzuluso yo vhonalea:

Level 1 (Madoko): Tshifaniso na zwibveledzwa
Level 2 (Vhukati): Tshifaniso na zwibveledzwa
Level 3 (Ndeme): Tshifaniso na zwibveledzwa
Level 4 (Ndeme Vhukuma): Tshifaniso na zwibveledzwa

Itani uri zwibveledzwa zwi vhe:

Progressive: Zwi bvela nga u linganaho
Proportional: Zwi linge vhukuma ha misconduct
Consistent: Zwi shumiswe nga u linga kha vhagudi vhothe
Educational: Thetshelani vhagudi u guda nga zwikololo

Step 4: Vheani Maitele a Due Process

Talusani maitele kha:

U sedza: Ndi ngani zwiitisi zwi sedzwa
Ma hearing: Musi na ngani ma hearing a ndela a bveledzwa
Zwibveledzwa: Ndi vhani vha bveledza zwibveledzwa na ngani
Ma apela: Maitele a u apela zwibveledzwa
Ma notification: Ndi ngani vhagudi na vhabebi vha vhidzwa

Step 5: Bveledzani Zwiṅwe u Thandula Corporal Punishment

Ngwalani ndila dza ndela dza tendelwaho:

Maitele a positive behavioural
Restorative practices
Ma kontrakiti a u ita na maano a thikhedzo
Detention na community service
U talela zwiponi
In-school suspension
Ma referral a thikhedzo ya nga nḓe

Itani uri vhashumi vhothe vha pfese ndila dzo khothelwaho (corporal punishment, u humilia, zwiṅwe).

Step 6: Bveledzani Maitele a U Vhulunga Marekhodo

Vheani tsedzuluso kha:

U ngwala zwiitisi
U rekoda tshikololo tsha ndela
U sedza maitele a thikhedzo
U vhulunga confidentiality
U bveledza marekhodo
U vhulunga marekhodo

Step 7: Vhudzululani na Vha Thetshelesaho

U vhudzulula ku lavhelwa nga SASA Section 8:

Vhudzululani na:

Vhagudi: Mivhonga ya RCL, surveys, focus groups
Vhabebi: Mivhonga ya vhabebi, surveys, feedback ya ngwala
Vhafunzi: Mivhonga ya vhashumi, tshigwada tsha u shuma
Vhashumi vha thikhedzo: Nḓivho kha maitele na thikhedzo

Maitele a u vhudzulula:

Sharelani draft ya policy
Talusani zwithu zwa ndeme
Kuvhanganyani feedback na zwiitisi
Aralelani zwivhidzo na u vhonalea u sa pfeseseki
Khwinisani policy nga u sedza feedback
Fhedzani policy na nḓivho ya vha thetshelesaho

Step 8: Tendani na U Shuma

Tenda ya SGB:

Sumbedzani policy ya u fhedza kha SGB
SGB i sedza na i tenda policy
Policy i vha document ya ofisiale ya tshikolo

U shuma:

Davhidzani policy kha vha thetshelesaho vhothe (vhagudi, vhabebi, vhashumi)
Neani u guda kha vhafunzi na vhashumi vha thikhedzo
Sumbedzani policy nga vhukuma (website ya tshikolo, noticeboards, admission packs)
Itani uri vhashumi vhothe vha pfese na vha tevhele policy
Sedzani u shuma na u amba zwiitisi

Step 9: Sedzani na Khwinisani

U sedza nga ngwaha:

Sedzani policy nga ngwaha (ku lavhelwa nga SASA)
Sedzani u shuma ha policy na u sedza zwibveledzwa
Khwinisani nga u sedza zwibveledzwa kha mulayo kana maitele a vhukuma
Vhudzululani vha thetshelesaho kha zwibveledzwa zwa lavhelwaho
Tendani na davhidzani ma update

Maitele a Vhukuma a U Shuma Ma Policy a Ndela

U shuma ho nanga zwi ita uri ma policy a shume nga vhukuma, a si nga pepa fhedzi.

U Guda na U Konḓa Vhukoni

U guda vhafunzi:

Gudani vhafunzi vhothe maitele a policy
Neani u bvela phanḓa ha professional nga tshifhinga tshothe
Sharelani maitele a vhukuma na case studies
Ambiani zwiitisi zwa vhukuma na zwivhidzo
Itani uri vha pfese zwi todo zwa mulayo

U guda vhashumi vha thikhedzo:

Gudani vhafunzi vha u vhudzulula, vhashumi vha social na vhashumi vha thikhedzo
Itani uri vha pfese zwiponi zhavho kha maitele a ndela
Neani zwishumiswa na zwishumiswa zwa maitele

Thikhedzo ya vhabebi:

Talusani policy kha mivhonga ya vhabebi
Neani zwikukumbudzo zwa ngwala na FAQs
Thetshelani zwivhidzo na u amba zwiitisi
Vheani u pfesesa ndila tshikolo tshi konḓa ndela

U Linganaho na U Linga

Shumisani policy nga u linganaho:

Milayo yo fanaho i shuma vhagudi vhothe
Misconduct yo fanaho i wana zwibveledzwa zwo fanaho
Gananani zwibveledzwa zwa u sa linga kana zwa u khetha
Ngwalani zwibveledzwa zwoṱhe na zwithu

Itani uri zwi linge:

Sedzani nga vhukuma phanḓa ha u ita
Neani mugudi tshifhinga tsha u talusa
Sedzani zwiitisi zwa muthu nngwe na nngwe
Neani thikhedzo na zwibveledzwa

Vhudavhidzani

Vhudavhidzani ho vhonalea:

Talusani milayo na zwi todo nga vhukuma
Neani ma document a policy a ngwala
Shumisani nyambo yo linganaho na vhudzi
Phetelelani kha nyambo dza shumiswaho tshikoloni
Itani policy u wana (website, ma copies a u printa)

Maitele a u vhonalea:

Vhulungani vhagudi na vhabebi vha pfese
Talusani zwibveledzwa na zwithu
Neani tshifhinga tsha zwivhidzo
Vhulungani vhudavhidzani ha u vhonalea

Thikhedzo na Maitele

Vhona thikhedzo:

Ambiani zwiitisi zwa u bveledza misconduct
Neani maitele o linganaho
Shumani na mindeni na thikhedzo ya nga nḓe
Sedzani u bvela phanḓa na u khwinisa maitele

Linganani zwibveledzwa na thikhedzo:

Zwibveledzwa zwi todo kha accountability
Thikhedzo i thetshelesa vhagudi u bveledza u ita
Vhumbelani zwivhili kha ndela yo nanga

U Sedza na U Sedza

Sedzani zwiitisi:

Rekodani zwiitisi zwoṱhe nga tsedzuluso
Sedzani ma pattern na ma trend
Sedzani vhagudi vha todo thikhedzo yo engedzaho
Sedzani u shuma ha maitele

Sedzani policy:

Sedzani arali policy i swikelea zwi todo
Sedzani zwigwada zwa u bveledza
Kuvhanganyani feedback nga vha thetshelesaho
Khwinisani arali zwi todo

Zwiitisi zwa Vhukuma na Mupfumo

U shuma ma policy a ndela nga vhukuma i todo u amba zwiitisi zwa vhukuma.

Tshikololo: U Shumisa Zwi Sa Linganaho

Zwiitisi: Vhafunzi vho fhambanaho vha shumisa milayo nga ndila yo fhambanaho, zwi bveledza u sa linga.

Mupfumo:

Neani u guda ho vhonalea kha maitele a policy
Vheani maguidi a u bveledza zwibveledzwa
Mivhonga nga tshifhinga tshothe u amba zwiitisi na u ita uri zwi linge
Ngwalani zwibveledzwa zwoṱhe kha u sedza

Tshikololo: U Talela Zwishumiswa zwa Thikhedzo

Zwiitisi: Zwikolo zwi talela vhafunzi vha u vhudzulula, vhashumi vha social kana thikhedzo ya nga nḓe.

Mupfumo:

Shumani na vhudavhidzani ha vhudavhidzani
Wani thikhedzo ya dipatimenti ya thikhedzo ya provinsi
Gudani vhafunzi u vhudzulula na zwikololo zwa thikhedzo zwa basic
Shumisani ma programme a peer support
Shumisani vhabebi na vha thetshelesahi vha vhudavhidzani nga u vha vhafunzi

Tshikololo: U Hanelwa ha Vhabebi

Zwiitisi: Vhabebi vha hanana na zwibveledzwa zwa ndela kana vha sa thetshelesi ma policy ya tshikolo.

Mupfumo:

Davhidzani policy nga vhukuma na nga u khwatha
Talusani zwithu na zwi todo zwa mulayo
Thetshelani vhabebi kha u bveledza policy
Neani tshifhinga tsha u amba na feedback
Vheani vhudavhidzani na vhabebi
Ambiani zwiitisi nga u khwatha na nga u linga

Tshikololo: Zwiitisi zwa Tshifhinga

Zwiitisi: U sedza zwiitisi na u bveledza ma hearing zwi toda tshifhinga tsha ndeme.

Mupfumo:

Fhungudzani maitele arali zwo konaho
Shumisani tsedzuluso dza dijithali u fhungudza pepa
Rumelani nga u linganaho (deputy principal, heads of department)
Vhonani zwiitisi zwa ndeme nga priority
Batchani zwiitisi zwa madoko zwo fanaho kha u konḓa

Tshikololo: Vhane Vha Hananaho nga U Vhambela

Zwiitisi: Vhagudi vhanzhi vha ya u hanana na misconduct nga u talela maitele.

Mupfumo:

Engedzani maitele a thikhedzo
Rumelani kha vha no sedzuluswa vha nga nḓe (vhapsychologist, vhashumi vha social)
Bveledzani maano a thikhedzo yo raluwaho
Thetshelani mindeni kha maitele
Sedzani ma programme a thikhedzo ya alternative arali zwo linga
Ngwalani maitele othe kha tshifhinga tshi tevhelaho

U bveledza na u shuma policy ya ndela ya tshikolo South Africa yo linganaho na SASA, Constitution na milayo ya provinsi ndi ndeme kha u vhulunga vhudavhidzani ha u guda ha u vhulunga na ha order na u londola zwiponi zwa vhagudi. Policy yo bveledzwaho nga vhukuma i nea milayo yo vhonalea, maitele a u linga na zwibveledzwa zwo linganaho na u bveledza thikhedzo na maitele a positive behavioural. SASA Sections 8–9 zwi todo ma code ya conduct na maitele a ndela; corporal punishment i khotheliwaho; na due process, u vhulunga marekhodo na u sedza nga ngwaha a kona u hanelwa.

Kha u engedza kha vhudavhidzani na conduct, vhonani guidi ya school code of conduct template South Africa. U fhungudza u vhulunga marekhodo a ndela, marekhodo a SGB na documentation yo linganaho na POPIA nga vhukuma, vhonani ndila Fundisa i thetshelesa zwikolo zwa South Africa.

Zwivhidzo zwa Vha Vhidzaho nga Nzhi

Naa zwikolo zwi kona u shumisa corporal punishment arali vhabebi vha tenda?

Aa. Corporal punishment i khotheliwaho fhethu huthihi kha zwikolo zwa South Africa nga u sa sedzi tenda ya vhabebi. Constitution Section 12 i londola zwila muthu nngwe na nngwe u freedom na security, na SASA Section 10 i khothela corporal punishment nga vhukuma. Tenda ya vhabebi a i khwinisi zwiponi zwa constitutional kana mulayo wa lushaka. Zwikolo zwi shumisaho corporal punishment zwi linga zwi khakhelwa (assault), tshikololo tsha SACE na liability ya civil. Zwikolo zwa fanela u shumisa ndila dza ndela dzo fhambanaho zwo linganaho na SASA na zwi todo zwa constitutional.

Ndi mufhambano ngani vhukati ha suspension na expulsion?

Suspension ndi u bvisa tshikoloni nga tshifhinga (max maḓuvha 7 nga SASA) u lavhelela u sedza kana sa zwibveledzwa zwa ndela. Vhagudi vha bva tshikoloni murahu ha tshifhinga tsha suspension, zwanzhi na zwithu (kontrakiti ya u ita, maano a thikhedzo). Expulsion ndi u bvisa tshikoloni nga tshifhinga tshothe na i todo approval ya dipatimenti ya thikhedzo ya provinsi. Expulsion ya fanela u shumiswa fhedzi kha misconduct ya ndeme vhukuma (Level 4) murahu ha zwithu zwoṱhe zwoṱhe zwa thetshelesa zwa fhedza. Zwikolo zwa fanela u tevhela due process ya ndeme kha suspension na expulsion, kushaka u sedza, ma hearing, zwibveledzwa zwa ngwala na maitele a u apela.

Ndi ngani zwikolo zwa fanela u konḓa vhagudi vha na zwi todo zwa thikhedzo zwa special vhane vha hananaho?

Vhagudi vha na zwi todo zwa thikhedzo zwa special vha na zwiponi zwo fanaho zwa maitele a ndela a u linga, fhedzi zwikolo zwa fanela u sedza zwiitisi zhavho na zwiitisi. Phanḓa ha u ita tshikololo tsha ndela, zwikolo zwa fanela u sedza arali mugudi o pfesese milayo na zwibveledzwa, u sedza arali misconduct i amba disability yavho kana zwi todo zwa thikhedzo, u ita uri thikhedzo yo linganaho na zwitevheli zwi vhe hone, u vhudzulula na vhashumi vha thikhedzo (vhapsychologist, vhafunzi vha special needs), na u khwinisa zwibveledzwa zwi linge u pfesesa na vhukoni ha mugudi.

Zwikolo zwa fanela u vhona thikhedzo na maitele a positive behavioural u thandula u tenda kha vhagudi vha na zwi todo zwa special, na u vhulunga accountability na u vhulunga.

Ndi marekhodo ani zwikolo zwa fanela u vhulunga kha zwiitisi zwa ndela?

Zwikolo zwa fanela u vhulunga marekhodo o linganaho a zwiitisi zwa ndela zwoṱhe: nḓivho ya zwiitisi (duvha, tshifhinga, vhukuma, nḓivho, vha thetshelesaho, vhapo), zwi wana u sedza (ma statement, evidence, mupfumo), tshikololo tsha ndela tsha itwaho (ma warning, ma detention, ma suspension, maitele a thikhedzo), u vhidza mugudi na mubebi (ma duvha, ndila, ma response), maitele a thikhedzo (ma referral, u vhudzulula, maano a u ita, u bvela phanḓa), na ma apela (arali hu na, mupfumo). Marekhodo a fanela u vhulungwa nga confidential, u vhulungwa nga u vhulunga na u vhulungwa tshifhinga tsha lavhelwaho (zwa vhukuma miaka 3–5 murahu ha mugudi a bva tshikoloni), na u tendelwa vha tendelwaho (vhabebi, dipatimenti ya provinsi, ma court arali ku lavhelwa).

Tsedzuluso dza u vhulunga marekhodo nga dijithali dzi kona u fhungudza documentation ya ndela na u thetshelesa compliance na POPIA na zwi todo zwa provinsi.