Ulawulo Lwestock Yerestaurant: Landela Istock, Nciphisa Ukuchitha
Ulawulo lwestock olungcono lunye yezona zibulali zinzuzo zamarestaurant aseMzantsi Afrika. Ukutya kwenza malunga ne-29% yezindleko zokuqhuba e-SA, kwaye ukuchitha ngokuvamile kubiza 5–10% yokuthenga kokutya. Isithako nganye esilahlekileyo okanye iportion echodakeleyo sidla iimargin zakho. Esi sikhokeli siquka ulawulo lwestock yerestaurant nolawulo lwestock yerestaurant ngokwenene: amalingana e-par, FIFO, ukubala okunembayo, nobuchwepheshe ukuze wazi oko unako, oko uyidingayo, noko ulahlekelwa kuko.
Kutheni Ulawulo Lwestock Yerestaurant Lubalulekile
Istock isemphakathi kwindleko yokutya yakho. Ukuyifumana ingalunganga, amanani akho awalunganga — yonke isigqibo sentengo, ukuthenga, nokufumaneka komanyuko iba yokuqikelela.
Ipesenti yezindleko zokutya yakho ithi: istock yokuqala + uthengo − istock yokugqibela = indleko yempahla ethengisiweyo (COGS). Ukubala okunganembanga kuthetha i-COGS engalunganga nendleko yokutya engalunganga, ngoko awunakuthi ufikelela na injongo yakho (ngokuvamile 28–35% kwamarestaurant ankonzo epheleleyo) okanye uphalaza imargin. Ngokubanzi, bona isikhokeli sethu sokulawula indleko yokutya.
Ngaphandle kolawulo lwestock yerestaurant olucacileyo, istock endala iyafihlwa ize iphele (inani eliqhelekileyo lokuchitha 5–10% ngokuvamile kukujikelezisa okungcono nokungabonakali). Ukubala istock rhoqo kubamba ukuba nokubeka iportion ngaphezulu ngokukhawuleza; ukuba ubala ngenyanga kuphela, ufumana iingxaki seveki. Xa wazi ukusetyenziswa namalingana e-par, uthenga oko uyidingayo endaweni yokuthenga ngaphezulu okanye ngaphantsi, kwaye ugcina izinto zithandwayo zise stock ukuze umanyuko wakho uhlale ufumaneka. Ulawulo lwestock yerestaurant olungileyo lutshintsha ukuthenga lube nkqubo ephindwayo.
Ukuseta Amalingana E-Par
I-par level yinani eliphantsi lentengo nganye ofuna usandleni — yaneleyo ukugubungela ukusetyenziswa de ulethe olulandelayo, kunye nesekelo sokhuseleko. Xa istock yehla iye ku-par okanye ngaphantsi, uthenga ngaphezulu.
Indlela yokubala i-par
Ifomula elula:
Par = (Ukusetyenziswa okuqhelekileyo kwemihla × Iimihla phakathi kokuletha) + Istock yokhuseleko
- Ukusetyenziswa okuqhelekileyo kwemihla — Iiyunithi zizonke ezisetyenzisiweyo kule period (umz. iiveki ezimbini) zahlulwe ngeminihla. Sebenzisa idatha ye-POS okanye yerecipe ukuba unayo; ngaphandle sebenzisa idatha yodolo nokubala yangaphambili.
- Iimihla phakathi kokuletha — Ukuba umniki wakho uletha ngoLwesibini noLwesihlanu, isikhewu eside singaba yimihla emi-3; yisebenzise kwizinto ezonakalayo.
- Istock yokhuseleko — Isekelo esongezelelweyo kwimihla ebusy, izikhewu zabathengisi, okanye ukunyuka kwexesha lonyaka. Umthetho oqhelekileyo ngu-10–20% yokusetyenziswa ngexesha lokuletha, okanye imihla emi-1–2 yezinto ezibalulekileyo.
Umzekelo ngeRand
Usebenzisa iikhilogram ezingama-24 zec Chicken fillet ngeveki (3.4 kg/usuku). Umniki uletha ngoLwesibini noLwesihlanu (isikhewu eside imihla emi-3). Istock yokhuseleko: usuku olunye (3.4 kg). Par = (3.4 × 3) + 3.4 = 14 kg. Xa ukubala ngu-14 kg okanye ngaphantsi, thenga yaneleyo ukuze ufikelele ezinga eliphezulu zakho, hayi nje i-par. Buyela ku-par okungenani kwikota; nyusa phambi koDisemba okanye iimeko ebusy, lungisa phantsi emva kweenyanga ezithule.
Indlela ye-FIFO: Kuqala Kungena, Kuqala Kuphuma
FIFO (First In, First Out) yindinganiso yokujikelezisa ekhitshini lorerestaurant. Ingcinga: sebenzisa istock endala kuqala ukuze nto ingahlali ngasemva ide iphele.
Ukuleyibhila nokubeka ishelufu
Istock entsha iya ngasemva (okanye ngaphantsi) kwestock endala; abasebenzi bathatha ngaphambili ukuze endala isetyenziswe kuqala. Beka ileyibhili yomhla wokufumana okanye use-by kwisikhongozeli nganye (umz. DD/MM/YYYY). Ngaphandle kweemihla, i-FIFO yinto yokuqikelela.
- Indawo yokuhamba neefrij: Ukuletha okutsha ngasemva okanye ezantsi; istock endala ngaphambili okanye phezulu.
- Istore eomileyo nefriza: Isiseko esifanayo — entsha ngasemva kwendala; umhla ujikelezise ukuze nto ingahlali iphele use-by.
Ukuqeqesha abasebenzi nge-FIFO
Yenza i-FIFO ibe yinxalenye ye-athugwana zokuqala nokuvala. “Istock entsha ngasemva, endala ngaphambili” kufuneka ibe ngumthetho wonke umntu owaziyo. Yiquke ekufakeni nasekuqeqesheni kwakhona. Xa umntu ubambwa esebenzisa istock entsha phambi kwendala, yilungise ngoko nangoko — akuyonto yokucikida, kukukhusela imargin nokunciphisa ukuchitha.
Kutheni i-FIFO inciphisa ukuchitha
Ukusebenzisa istock endala kuqala kunciphisa ukonakala kwaye kunika umfanekiso onembayo woko usetyenzisayo. Idityaniswe namalingana e-par nokubala okuqhelekileyo, i-FIFO itshintsha ulawulo lwestock yerestaurant lube nkqubo ekhuselayo umgangatho nenzuzo.
Indlela Yokubala Istock
Ukubala istock yindlela yodwa yokwazi oko unako ngokwenene. Ukuqikelela okanye “ukujonga” kuholela kwi-COGS engalunganga, indleko yokutya engalunganga, nokuthenga okungalunganga.
Ukuqhelana: kwemihla ngemihla, ngeveki, ngenyanga
| Ukuqhelana | Oku kufuneka ubale | Kutheni |
|---|---|---|
| Kwemihla ngemihla | Izinto ezixabisekayo (inyama, izilwanyana zasolwandle, ubisi oluphambili, utywala) | Kubamba ukuba nokubeka iportion ngaphezulu ngokukhawuleza. Amarestaurant amaninzi ase-SA benza ukubala kwemizuzu eli-5–10 kwizinto eziphambili kuphela. |
| Ngeveki | Izinto ezonakalayo neempahla eziqhelekileyo eziomileyo | Hambisana neshedyuli yokuletha (umz. ngokuhlwa kweCawa okanye ekuseni ngoMvulo) ukuze i-COGS neebalo ze-par zihlale ziqhubeka. |
| Ngenyanga | Istore eomileyo nezingonakalisi (izinto ze-tin, ipasta, iimpahla zokucoca) | Yaneleyo kwizinto ezihamba kade; usadinga inani ye-COGS ne-balance sheet. |
Indlela esebenzisekayo: ukubala okupheleleyo ngeveki, nokubala kwemihla ngemihla kwizinto ezixabisekayo nokuhlolwa okupheleleyo ngenyanga kuquka istore eomileyo nezingonakalisi.
Ukubala ngokwenyama vs istock eqhubekayo
Ukubala ngokwenyama yoko kwishelufu; yenza xa ivaliwe ukuze nto ingahambi. Istock eqhubekayo yistock yethiyori (ukuqala + uthengo − intengiso kwiirecipe ne-POS). Umahluko ngumahluko — umahluko omkhulu uthetha ukuba, ukuchitha, ukubeka iportion ngaphezulu, okanye iimpazamo zokubala. I-POS enestock inika amandla icala eliqhubekayo; usadinga ukubala ngokwenyama ukuze ulungise.
Iicebo zokunemba
Bala xa ivaliwe, sebenzisa iiyunithi eziqhubekayo (kg, iiyunithi, okanye iikesi), sebenziza abantu ababini (omnye ubala, omnye ubhala), hamba istore ngokulandelelwano olunye rhoqo, uze ucime iindawo ezingenanto ukuze ezingenanto zingaphelelwa ngendlela engalunganga.
Ifomati yephepha lokubala istock
Sebenzisa itafile elula uluhlu lwezinto ngokulandelelwano olunye nokubeka kwakho. Umzekelo:
| Into | Iyunithi | I-par level | Inani elibalwe | Ixabiso (R) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Chicken fillet | kg | 14 | 12 | 480 |
| Cheddar | kg | 4 | 3 | 210 |
| Ixabiso lipheleleyo | 690 |
Yongeza umgca wexabiso lipheleleyo kwifomula yakho ye-COGS kwaye ugcine amaphepha ukuze uqhathanise iveki neveki uze ubone iindlela.
Ukulandela ukuchitha nokuncipha
Akukho stock elahlekileyo konke ethengisiwe. Ukuchitha nokuncipha — umkhonzana phakathi koko bekufuneka usetyenzise (kusuka kwintengiso neerecipe) noko usetyenzisile ngokwenene (kusuka ekubaleni nokuthenga) — kufihla ezindaweni ezininzi.
Iintlobo zokuchitha
- Ukuchitha kokulungisa — Ukusika, ukuchithachitha, amaportion ewisayo, iibatch ehlulekileyo. Enye iqhelekile; ukuchitha kokulungisa okugqithiseleyo ngokuvamile kuthetha ukuqeqesha okungcono okanye iispec ezingalunganga.
- Ukonakala — Ukutya okonakala phambi kokusetyenziswa. Ngokuvamile ingxaki ye-FIFO okanye yokuthenga ngaphezulu.
- Ukubeka iportion ngaphezulu — Ukunika abathengi ngaphezu koko irecipe ichazo. Abathengi banokukuthanda, kodwa indleko yokutya inyuka. Yenza amaportion aqhelekileyo ngezikali neempahla zokubeka iportion.
- Ukuba — Abasebenzi okanye abanye abathatha istock. Ukubala okuqhelekileyo neengxelo zomahluko zenza kunzima ukufihla.
Iirekhodi zokuchitha: landela yonke into elahlekiweyo
Gcina irekhodi lokuchitha (yedijithali okanye ephepheni). Naliphi na ixesha into elahlwayo — ekonakalisiweyo, ewisayo, okanye elungisiwe ngaphezulu — yibhale: umhla, into, inani, isizathu, nokuba kunokwenzeka umntu osebenzileyo okanye isteshini. Ngokuhamba kwexesha uyabona iipattern: into efanayo isoloko ichithwa, ushifiti ofanayo, isizathu esifanayo. Oko kuxelela apho ofanele uqeqeshe okanye utshintshe iinkqubo.
Ukubala ipesenti yokuchitha
Ipesenti yokuchitha = (Ixabiso lokuchitha obhaliweyo ÷ Uthengo lokutya lopheleleyo okanye i-COGS) × 100
Ukuba ubhala u-R8,000 ekuchitheni ngenyanga kwaye i-COGS yakho ngu-R160,000, ukuchitha ngu-5%. Iibenchmark zindustri zicebisa ukuba 5–10% kuqhelekile; jolisa ukuba usekweni eliphantsi. Ukuba uphezu kwe-10%, unethuba elibalulekileyo lokuthuthuzela ulawulo lwestock yerestaurant nokuzithoba kokulungisa.
Ukuchaneka iipattern noxanduva lwabasebenzi
Phonononga iirekhodi zokuchitha ngeveki. Khangela izinto eziphindwayo, izizathu, okanye iisteshini. Zilungise ngokuqeqesha, iispec ezingcono, okanye utshintsho lwenkqubo. Xa abasebenzi bayazi ukuba ukuchitha kulandelelwa kuphononongwa, ukulawula iportion ne-FIFO kuya phambili. Yisebenzise ukulungisa iinkqubo nokusekela iqela, hayi kuphela ukunika ityala.
Ulawulo Lomniki Nokuthenga
Oko uthenga nendlela othenga ngayo kuthinta indleko nolawulo lwestock yerestaurant. Ubudlelwane obuzinzi nabathengisi neenqobo ezi cacileyo zigcina umgangatho phezulu nomahluko phantsi.
Ukwakha ubudlelwane nabathengisi
Abathengisi abazinzi abaletha ngexesha nange-spec banciphisa ukuthenga ngokoyikekayo nokubaleka. Hlawula ngexesha, nxibelelana ngokucacileyo malunga nokuncipha okanye utshintsho lwe-odolo, unike impendulo ngomgangatho. Ufumana ukuthembeka okungcono ngokuvamile neemeko ezingucono.
Ukuqhathanisa iiquote rhoqo
Ungavumi ukuthatha kwakhona nomniki ofanayo unaphakade. Okungenani kube kanye okanye kabini ngonyaka, fumana iiquote kubathengisi ababini okanye abathathu ngezinto zakho eziphambili ezingama-20–30. E-SA, iipetrole neendleko zokungena ziyatshintsha; kanjalo nee-specials nee-odolo eziphantsi. Ukuqhathanisa kugcina ube sharp kwaye kunokuvula iintengo ezingcono okanye imigaqo yokuhlawula.
Ii-minimum zokuthenga neeshedyuli zokuletha
Abathengisi abaninzi banexabiso eliphantsi lokuthenga (umz. R2,500 kokuletha). Cwangcisa i-par nezinga eliphezulu ngoko — unokudinga ukudibanisa ii-odolo okanye uvume istock ephakathi kancinci kwizinto ezithile ukuze uhlangabezane nee-minimum. Hambisa iimihla zokuletha neshedyuli yakho yokubala ukuze ungabi nokubala phakathi kokuletha.
Iinkqubo zokwamkela
Xa ukuletha kufika: phonononga amanani neento ngokuchanekileyo ne-odolo, phonononga umgangatho nobushushu kwinto ebandayo/eqhwa, uze uqinisekise ubunzima (ngakumbi inyama nemifino; ubunzima obufutshane buqhelekile). Phawula naziphi na izikhewu okanye iingxaki zomgangatho kwincwadi yokuletha phambi kokusayina. Nje ukuba usayina ngokucocekileyo, kunzima ukuphikisana.
Oku kunciphisa ukulahleka “okungabonakali” kukuletha ezifutshane okanye umgangatho ophantsi obona kuphela xa ulungisa.
Iicebo zentengiso
- Thenga ngamavolumu aqhubekayo ukuze abathengisi bakwazi ukucwangcisa.
- Hlawula ngexesha okanye kade ukuba banika isaphulo.
- Dibanisa izinto nomniki omnye apho kunokwenzeka ukuze uphucule indawo yakho yokuthengisa.
- Cela iintengo ezingcono kwizinto ezinovolumu ephezulu okanye xa uzibophelela kwi-contract period.
Ukusebenzisa Ubuchwepheshe Bokulawula Istock
Iispredishithi neephepha zokusebenza kodwa zihamba kade kwaye zineempazamo. Isoftware yolawulo lwestock yerestaurant edityaniswe ne-POS yakho inciphisa iimpazamo zokubala, inika amandla amaphoyinti okuthenga kwakhona, kwaye inika iingxelo zomahluko ezibonisa ukuba nokuchitha.
Istock edityaniswe ne-POS nee-alerts
Xa i-POS yakho yazi iirecipe zakho, intengiso nganye inok thabatha ngokwenzekelayo izithako kustock yethiyori, ikunika istock eqhubekayo ngokwenene. Seta amalingana e-par kwinqqubo uze ufumane ii-alerts xa istock iphantsi ukuze uthenge ngexesha. Ezinye iinkqubo zikuvumela udale ii-purchase orders kusuka kwisikrini esifanayo ukuze ii-odolo ziqhubeke zilandelelekayo.
Iingxelo zomahluko
Emva kokubala ngokwenyama, qhathanisa ithiyori (ukuqala + uthengo − ukuthabatha kwintengiso) nangokwenene (oko ubale). Umahluko ngumahluko — umahluko omkhulu uthetha impazamo yokubala, ukuchitha okungabhaliwanga, ukubeka iportion ngaphezulu, okanye ukuba. Iingxelo zomahluko ziguqula ukulahleka okungabonakali zibe linani onokwenza ngayo kwaye zinanye yamathuluzi anamandla kulawulo lwestock yerestaurant.
Indlela iTafela ilandela istock
Tafela idibanisa istock yakho neerecipe zakho ne-POS yakho. Uchaza izithako namalingana e-par, kwaye xa izinto zithengiswa, iTafela ithabatha amanani erecipe kustock ukuze ube nombono ngokwenene woko unako. Unokubhala ukuchitha ukuze kuthabathwe kustock kwaye kubonakale kwiingxelo. Xa izinto ziphela, ufumana ii-alerts ukuze uthenge kwakhona phambi kokuba ususe isidlo. Oku kuthetha ukubala ngesandla okuncinci ngokunemba okufanayo (okanye okungcono), neengxelo zomahluko ezibonisa ngokuchanekileyo apho ulahlekelwa yimveliso. Ukuqhathanisa iinkqubo ze-POS eziquka istock, bona uqhathaniso lwethu lwe-POS yorestaurant.
Iphepha lokukhangelwa lokulawula istock
Sebenzisa oku njengereferensi ekhawulezayo kwimithende yemihla ngemihla, ngeveki, ngenyanga.
Imihla ngemihla: Bala izinto ezixabisekayo (inyama, izilwanyana zasolwandle, ubisi oluphambili, utywala oluphambili). Phonononga iimihla zokusebenzisa uze ususe izinto ezineemihla ezifutshane ngaphambili (FIFO). Bhala ukuchitha kwirekhodi lokuchitha. Phonononga ii-alerts zestock ephantsi uze uthenge ukuba kuyimfuneko.
Ngeveki: Ukubala okupheleleyo kwizinto ezonakalayo neempahla eziqhelekileyo eziomileyo (ehambelana neshedyuli yokuletha). Lungisa nestock eqhubekayo uphonononge oomahluko abakhulu. Vuselela amalingana e-par ukuba ukusetyenziswa kutshintshile. Phonononga irekhodi lokuchitha ngeepattern uze ulungise iingxaki eziphindwayo. Thenga ngokusekelwe kumalingana e-par neemihla zokuletha.
Ngenyanga: Ukubala okupheleleyo kuquka istore eomileyo nezingonakalisi. Bala i-COGS nepesenti yezindleko zokutya; qhathanisa nenjongo (bona isikhokeli sokulawula indleko yokutya). Phonononga iinvoyisi zabathengisi vs impahla eamkelweyo uze usombulule ukungavani. Lungisa amalingana e-par/max ngexesha lonyaka. Phonononga ingxelo yomahluko uze ulandele oomahluko abuya bezayo.
Imibuzo Ebuzwa Rhoqo
Kungaphi irestaurant kufuneka enze istock?
Yenza ukubala okupheleleyo ngokwenyama ngeveki kwizinto ezonakalayo neento eziyinkomba, kunye nokuhlolwa okupheleleyo ngenyanga kuquka istore eomileyo. Amarestaurant amaninzi ase-SA anezelela ukubala kwemihla ngemihla kwezinto ezixabisekayo (inyama, izilwanyana zasolwandle, utywala) ukuze babambe ukuba nokubeka iportion ngaphezulu ngokukhawuleza. Ngeveki kunye nokubala kwemihla ngemihla kwezinto ezixabisekayo yindawo ezinzi eMzantsi Afrika.
Yeyiphi indlela engcono yestock yerestaurant?
Dibanisa ukubala ngokwenyama nestock eqhubekayo (istock yethiyori kusuka kokuthenga nentengiso). Sebenzisa i-FIFO ukuze ujikelezise, amalingana e-par ukuze uthenge kwakhona, neerekhodi zokuchitha ukuncipha. I-POS edibanisa iirecipe nestock inika amandla icala eliqhubekayo inike iingxelo zomahluko ukuze ubone apho ulahlekelwa yimveliso. Bona uqhathaniso lwethu lwe-POS yamarestaurant ngeenkqubo eziquka istock.
Ndinganciphisa njani ukuchitha kokutya kwirestaurant yam?
Sebenzisa i-FIFO umhla uleyibhile yonke into. Seta amalingana e-par ukuze uyiya ukuthenga ngaphezulu. Bhala ukuchitha uze uphonononge ngeveki ukuze ulungise izizathu eziphindwayo. Qeqesha abasebenzi ngokulawula iportion neerecipe eziqhelekileyo. Ngokulawula indleko nokuchitha bona isikhokeli sethu sokulawula indleko yokutya nestrategy yentengo yomanyuko; ngokonakala okuxhomekeke kwamandla bona isikhokeli sethu sokucima ugesi kwirestaurant.
Ingaba inkqubo ye-POS inokulandela istock ngokwenzekelayo?
Ewe. I-POS enolawulo lwestock nokubiza irecipe ithabatha izithako xa uthengisa isidlo; useta iimveliso, udibanisa iirecipe, uchaza amalingana e-par. Usadinga ukubala ngokwenyama ukuze ulungise, kodwa i-POS iphathe ukulandela kwemihla ngemihla, ii-alerts zestock ephantsi, neengxelo zomahluko. iTafela iquka istock ekhoyo edityaniswe neerecipe nentengiso.
Ulawulo lwestock yerestaurant eMzantsi Afrika yisisiseko sokulawula indleko yokutya. Nokutya malunga ne-29% yezindleko zokuqhuba nokuchitha ku-5–10% kokuthenga, yonke uphuculo ekulandeleni nasekujikeleziseni istock ikhusela imargin yakho. Seta amalingana e-par, sebenzisa i-FIFO, bala rhoqo, bhala ukuchitha, ongeze ubuchwepheshe obudibanisa istock neerecipe ne-POS yakho ukuze unciphise iimpazamo uze ubone apho ulahlekelwa yimveliso.
Ibhalwe ngu
Tafela Team