Ixesha leDefects eMzantsi Afrika: Isikhokelo
Ixesha le-Defects Liability eMzantsi Afrika: Isikhokelo Esisebenzayo
Amaqela amaninzi ephrojekthi agxila kwi-defects liability period kuphela xa intlawulo sele ibambelekile, i-retention ibanjwe, kwaye ubudlelwane bokunikezelwa buqalisa ukonakala. Oko kubiza kakhulu. Ngokwenene, ixesha le-defects liability eMzantsi Afrika yindawo apho umngcipheko usuka “kumgangatho womsebenzi” uye “kumngcipheko wemali nowomthetho” xa uxanduva, imihla yezaziso, nobungqina bokuvala bungalawulwa kakuhle.
Ukuba ungumakhi, umphuhlisi, okanye umlawuli wekhontrakthi, esi sikhokelo sikunika indlela esebenzayo yaseMzantsi Afrika. Uza kubona indlela i-defects liability esebenza ngayo kwi-JBCC, NEC ne-GCC, indlela edibana ngayo ne-NHBRC kunye ne-Consumer Protection Act, kunye nendlela yokwakha inkqubo yokuvala enokuxhaswa xa kufunwa i-final completion nentlawulo.
Kutheni i-defects liability iba ngumngcipheko wezorhwebo, hayi wobugcisa kuphela
Kwiiprojekthi ezininzi, eli xesha lithathwa njengomsila omfutshane wobugcisa emva kwe-practical completion. Iqela lesiza lihamba liye kwenye iprojekthi, iqela lomthengi litshintsha, uluhlu lweempazamo lusasazeke kwi-imeyile okanye kwi-spreadsheet. Oku kudla ngokudala ukusilela okuthathu.
Okokuqala, akukho rejista enye yamaphutha eyamkelwe ngumntu wonke. Okwesibini, imida yoxanduva iyacaca kancinci phakathi komakhi omkhulu, i-subcontractor, neengcali. Okwesithathu, ubungqina bokuvala buba buthathaka, nto leyo ebambezela i-final completion kunye nokukhululwa kwe-retention.
Ukuba ufuna isiseko esingcono sokuthotyelwa ngaphambi kokuvala, jonga: i-CIDB grading ichaziwe.
Defects liability eMzantsi Afrika: umxholo womthetho nekhontrakthi
Ixesha le-defects liability lisebenza kuqala phantsi komthetho wekhontrakthi, emva koko lidibane nemithetho yomzi-mveliso kunye nokukhuselwa kwabathengi apho kufanelekileyo. Amalungelo nemisebenzi zixhomekeke kwikhontrakthi esayiniweyo kunye ne-contract data.
| Isakhelo sekhontrakthi | Ixesha lichazwa njani ngokuqhelekileyo | Into eqalisa ukuvala | Isiphumo sorhwebo xa kungalawulwa kakuhle |
|---|---|---|---|
| JBCC (building works) | Ixesha libekwa kwi-contract data (ihlala malunga neentsuku ezingama-90, kodwa lingahluka). | Iimpazamo zilungisiwe zanelisa i-principal agent ukuze kukhutshwe i-final completion. | Ukulibaziseka kwesatifikethi sokugqibela nokukhululwa kwe-retention. |
| NEC (ECC family) | Iimpazamo zilawulwa nge-defects date nenkqubo yokulungisa kwi-contract data. | Iimpazamo zilungisiwe okanye zamkelwe ngaphambi kwezigaba zokugqibela zentlawulo. | Ukulibaziseka kwentlawulo, ubunzima be-compensation events, nomngcipheko weengxabano. |
| GCC (civil works) | Uxanduva lwe-defects kunye nokugcinwa lubekwe kwi-contract data neemeko, ludla ngokude kwiiprojekthi ze-civil. | Ukwamkelwa komsebenzi wokulungisa yi-engineer/umqeshi kunye nokukhutshwa kwezatifikethi. | Iimpazamo ezingekavaliwanga zibamba intlawulo nokuvalwa kweakhawunti yekhontrakthi. |
Amaphuzu amathathu abalulekileyo eMzantsi Afrika:
- I-contract data ilawula ubude benkqubo. Musa ukuthembela “kwindlela eqhelekileyo” yeprojekthi yangaphambili.
- Uxanduva lwe-NHBRC lunokudlula i-practical completion. Kwiiprojekthi zezindlu ezibhalisiweyo, uxanduva lwewaranti luyaqhubeka.
- Iiprojekthi zabathengi zingena phantsi kwe-CPA. Amalungelo omgangatho anokudlula ixesha le-defects kwikhontrakthi.
Imithombo ephambili: Housing Consumers Protection Measures Act kunye ne-Consumer Protection Act.
Isakhelo esisebenzayo sokuphatha i-defects kwiiprojekthi zaseSA
Isakhelo esomeleleyo silula: irejista enye, umnini omnye wento nganye, indlela enye yemihla, nomgangatho omnye wobungqina.
Uluhlu lokujonga i-defects liability
| Inqanaba | Okwenziwayo | Ubungqina obuncinci | Umnini |
|---|---|---|---|
| Phambi kwe-practical completion | Vumelanani ngeendidi ze-snag, amaxesha okuphendula, nemigangatho yokwamkelwa ngokubhaliweyo. | Iminithi esayiniweyo nerejista evunyiweyo. | Principal agent/engineer + contractor |
| Ngexesha le-practical completion | Khupha uluhlu lokuqala lwe-defect/snag olunama-ID kunye nabaxanduva. | Uluhlu olunomhla, iifoto, indawo, nomnini womsebenzi. | Contract administrator |
| Ngexesha le-defects period | Umjikelo weveki: yabela, lungisa, qinisekisa, sayina. | Irejista ehlaziyiweyo, iifoto ngaphambi/nasemva, iirekhodi zovavanyo xa kufuneka. | Site manager + trade leads |
| Phambi kwesicelo se-final completion | Qinisekisa izinto ezivulekileyo, uqokelele ifayile exhasayo. | I-close-out pack ehlanganisiweyo kunye ne-sign-off matrix. | Contractor contracts admin |
| Inqanaba le-final completion | Ngenisa isicelo esisemthethweni nobungqina obupheleleyo. | Incwadi yesicelo, irejista esayiniweyo, izatifikethi, ama-as-built apho kufuneka. | Contractor |
| Emva kokunikezelwa | Landela iimpazamo ezifihlakeleyo/eziphindayo kunye noxanduva lwewaranti. | Imbali ye-defect kunye nelogi yonxibelelwano. | Iqela lokusebenza lomphuhlisi/umqeshi |
Ukuba iqela lakho lifuna ukuqinisa ulawulo lwezorhwebo kunye nokuvala i-defects, funda: isikhokelo se-JBCC payment certificate.
Kutheni ii-spreadsheet nezixhobo ezingadityaniswanga zisilela
Ii-spreadsheet zibonakala zixabisa kancinci ekuqaleni, kodwa i-defects process idinga amaqela amaninzi, imihla eqinileyo, nobungqina obuninzi.
Ukusilela kokuqala lulawulo lweenguqulelo. Okwesibini kukulandeleka kobufakazi. Okwesithathu kukungadityaniswa ne-retention schedules, payment certificates, kunye nemisebenzi ye-final account.
Indlela engcono kukuphatha i-defects njenge-workflow yekhontrakthi:
- Irejista enye ephilayo esetyenziswa liqela lesiza, lekhontrakthi, nelorhwebo.
- Uxanduva olucacileyo kwinto nganye, kuquka i-subcontractor accountability.
- Izaziso neelogi zokuvala ezinesitampu sexesha ezihambelana neenkqubo zekhontrakthi.
- Ubungqina bunamathiselwe kwinto nganye, hayi kumafolda ahlukeneyo.
- Izikhumbuzi ezizenzekelayo phambi kwemihla yezaziso nokuvala.
Ngokulungelelanisa umngcipheko wentlawulo, jonga: progress payment certificates eMzantsi Afrika.
Umzekelo osebenzayo waseSA: i-defects kwi-mixed-use development
Cinga ngeprojekthi eGauteng enexabiso lekhontrakthi elingu-R48 million. I-practical completion ifikelelwe kunye ne-defects eziyi-132. I-contract data ibeka i-defects period yeentsuku ezingama-90.
| Iveki | Izenzo eziphambili | Isiphumo esilindelekileyo | Impembelelo yorhwebo |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1-2 | Gqibezela i-baseline register, yabela abanini, khupha izaziso kuma-subcontractor. | Uluhlu olunye olwamkelweyo olunemihla yoxanduva. | Lunciphisa iingxabano ngobubanzi noxanduva. |
| 3-6 | Yenza uqinisekiso lweveki, nyusa izinto ezibalulekileyo ezidlulileyo emihleni. | Ukwehla okucacileyo kwezinto ezivulekileyo kunye nokuvalwa okuxhaswe bubungqina. | Kukhusela i-timeline yesicelo se-final completion. |
| 7-10 | Gxila kuvavanyo lweenkqubo, iimpazamo eziphindayo, neendawo zabathengi. | Ziyancipha izinto ezivulwa kwakhona, kuqina irekhodi lomgangatho. | Kwehlisa umngcipheko wokubanjwa kwe-retention. |
| 11-13 | Qokelela i-close-out pack wenze i-pre-audit ne-principal agent/engineer. | Isicelo se-final completion esinokukhuselwa. | Kuphucula amathuba okuqhubela phambili i-final account ngexesha. |
Ukuze ulungiselele ngcono i-handover, sebenzisa: uluhlu lokujonga i-construction project handover.
Ngubani omele aqinise i-defects playbook ngoku
Uninzi lweenkampani zokwakha eMzantsi Afrika ludinga i-playbook ebhaliweyo xa amaxabiso eeprojekthi nobunzima babathathi-nxaxheba bukhula.
Abakhi bezindlu kunye neekhontraktha ezibhaliswe kwi-NHBRC bafuna iinkqubo eziphindaphindwayo emva kokunikezelwa.
Iikhontraktha zorhwebo zifuna ulawulo olungcono lwe-back-to-back kuma-subcontractor.
Abaphuhlisi nabaphathi bentuthuko bafuna ukubonakala kwinqanaba le-portfolio.
Amaqela e-contract admin ne-QS afuna idatha ye-defects edibene nolawulo lwentlawulo.
Ukulungelelanisa ifomu yekhontrakthi nolawulo oluphuma kuyo, funda: iintlobo zeekhontrakthi zokwakha eMzantsi Afrika.
Vala i-defects ngokukhawuleza, ukhusele iziphumo
Ingongoma ephambili ilula: ixesha le-defects liability eMzantsi Afrika kufuneka liphathwe njengefestile yokuthotyelwa nolawulo lorhwebo, hayi isigaba esixegayo se-snag. Amaqela enza umgangatho wobunikazi, izaziso, ubungqina, nolawulo lokuvala akhusela iitayimlini ze-final completion, anciphise ukungqubana kwentlawulo, kwaye ehlisa umngcipheko weengxabano.
Ibhalwe ngu
Wakha Team