Iintlawulo Ezilibazisekileyo Kulwakhiwo eMzantsi Afrika: Khusela Ukuhamba Kwemali

Iintlawulo ezifike emva kwexesha zitshabalalisa amashishini okwakha aseMzantsi Afrika. Hayi umsebenzi ombi. Hayi ukunyuka kweendleko zezinto zokwakha. Nokuvalwa kombane akuncedi, nangona nako kungumngeni. Esona sizathu sikhulu sokuba iikontraka zisilele ngabaxhasi abangahlawuli ngexesha, nto leyo ekushiya uxhasa iiprojekthi ngemali yakho ngelixa ulinde iintsuku ezingama-60, 90, okanye ne-120 ukuze uhlawulwe.

Kwishishini lolwakhiwo eMzantsi Afrika, iintlawulo ezilibazisekileyo azisiso isiphazamiso esinqabileyo - zixhaphake kakhulu. Imijikelo yentlawulo yeentsuku ezingama-60-90 iqhelekile, nangona iikontraka zibhala imiqathango yeentsuku ezingama-30. I-retention ibamba i-5-10% yexabiso lekhontrakthi yakho iinyanga okanye iminyaka. Xa kuvela iingxabano ngomgangatho womsebenzi okanye utshintsho lomsebenzi, iintlawulo zinokuma ngokupheleleyo, zikushiye ungenayo imali yokuhlawula ii-subcontractor, ababoneleli, okanye iqela lakho.

Esi sikhokelo sichaza indlela yokukhusela ishishini lakho lokwakha kwiintlawulo ezilibazisekileyo. Sijonga ubukhulu bengxaki, amalungelo akho asemthethweni phantsi kweekhontrakthi zolwakhiwo zaseMzantsi Afrika, unobangela wokulibaziseka kweentlawulo, indlela yokuzithintela, into omawuyenze xa intlawulo ilibazisekile, nokuba kutheni iinkqubo ezifanelekileyo zibalulekile ekulandeleni izatifikethi nasekuhambeni kwemali.

Iintlawulo Ezilibazisekileyo Kulwakhiwo eMzantsi Afrika: Ubukhulu Bengxaki

Iintlawulo ezilibazisekileyo yingxaki yenkqubo kwishishini lolwakhiwo eMzantsi Afrika. Ngokophando lweshishini, ixesha eliqhelekileyo lokuhlawulwa komsebenzi wolwakhiwo eMzantsi Afrika ziintsuku ezingama-60-90, nangona uninzi lweekhontrakthi lukhankanya iintsuku ezingama-30. Lo msantsa wentlawulo udala ingxaki enkulu yokuhamba kwemali kwiikontraka ekufuneka ziqale zihlawule izinto zokwakha, abasebenzi, neendleko zolawulo.

Umjikelo Wentlawulo Weentsuku ezingama-60-90

Uninzi lweekhontrakthi zolwakhiwo eMzantsi Afrika lusebenza ngomjikelo wentlawulo weentsuku ezingama-30 ukusuka kwisatifikethi ukuya entlawulweni. Kodwa inyani yile: ugqiba umsebenzi kwiVeki 1, ufake isatifikethi sentlawulo kwiVeki 2, ulinde ukuvunywa kwiVeki 3, wenze i-invoyisi kwiVeki 4, uze ufumane intlawulo emva kweentsuku ezingama-30 ukusukela kwi-invoyisi - ukuba unethamsanqa.

Oko kuthetha iintsuku ezingama-60-90 ukusuka ngexesha ochitha ngalo imali kwizinto zokwakha nabasebenzi ukuya ngexesha ofumana ngalo intlawulo. Ngelo xesha, uxhasa iprojekthi ngemali ejikelezayo yakho. Kwiikontraka ezilawula iiprojekthi ezininzi, lo mthwalo uyanda - iiprojekthi ezintathu ze-R2 million zingathetha ukuba ufuna i-R2-R2.5 million yemali ejikelezayo ukuze uvale umsantsa wokuhamba kwemali.

Ingxaki Ye-Retention

I-retention yenza ingxaki yentlawulo elibazisekileyo ibe mandundu. Uninzi lweekhontrakthi zolwakhiwo eMzantsi Afrika lunezivumelwano ze-retention - ngokuqhelekileyo i-5-10% yesatifikethi ngasinye sentlawulo iyabanjwa de kube kuphunyezwe “practical completion”, ngamanye amaxesha de kuphele ixesha loxanduva lweziphene (ngesiqhelo iinyanga ezili-12).

Kwi projekthi ye-R5 million eneretention eyi-10%, oko kuthetha i-R500,000 ebotshelelwe mhlawumbi iinyanga ezili-18-24. Loo mali ayikuzuzeli nzala - ihleli kwiakhawunti yomxhasi ngelixa wena sele uyichithe kwizinto zokwakha nakubasebenzi. Ukuba “practical completion” ilibazisekile, nokukhululwa kwe-retention kuyabambezeleka, nto leyo eyandisa umsantsa wakho wokuhamba kwemali.

Ukulibaziseka Ngenxa Yeengxabano

Xa kuvela iingxabano ngomgangatho womsebenzi, iinguqulelo, okanye izatifikethi zentlawulo, iintlawulo zinokuma ngokupheleleyo. Abaxhasi ngamanye amaxesha basebenzisa iingxabano ukulibazisa intlawulo, bakushiye ungenayo imali ngelixa usombulula umba. Nokuba iingxabano zisombululwa zikumgangatho wakho, ukulibaziseka sele kuwonzakalisile ukuhamba kwemali yakho.

Isakhelo Somthetho: Amalungelo Akho Phantsi Kweekhontrakthi Zolwakhiwo eMzantsi Afrika

Iikhontrakthi zolwakhiwo eMzantsi Afrika zikunika ukhuseleko lomthetho ngokuchasene neentlawulo ezilibazisekileyo, kodwa kuphela xa uqonda amalungelo akho kwaye uwasebenzisa. I-Construction Industry Development Board (CIDB), isatifikethi sentlawulo se-JBCC, iikhontrakthi ze-NEC ne-GCC zonke zineemigqaliselo yemiqathango yentlawulo, inzala kwiintlawulo ezifike emva kwexesha, kunye nendlela yokusombulula iingxabano.

Izikhokelo Ze-CIDB Zendlela Engcono Yokuhlawula

I-CIDB ipapashe izikhokelo zendlela engcono kwimigqaliselo yentlawulo nakwinzala yeentlawulo ezilibazisekileyo. Nangona zingabophi ngokomthetho, ezi zikhokelo zibeka imigangatho yeshishini kwaye zikunika amandla xa umxhasi elibazisa intlawulo.

Izikhokelo zentlawulo ze-CIDB:

Intlawulo kufuneka yenziwe kwiintsuku ezingama-30 emva kwe-invoyisi
Inzala yentlawulo elibazisekileyo kufuneka ibizwe kwi-prime rate plus 2%
Iingxabano kufuneka zisombululwe ngokukhawuleza ukunqanda ukulibaziseka kweentlawulo
Izatifikethi zentlawulo kufuneka zikhutshwe ngaphakathi kwexesha elibekwe yikhontrakthi
I-retention kufuneka ikhululwe ngokukhawuleza kwi-practical completion nakwi-final completion

Bhekisa kwezi zikhokelo kwiikhontrakthi nakwi-invoyisi zakho. Zomeleza indawo yakho xa umxhasi elibazisa intlawulo kwaye zibonisa ukuba okulindelekileyo kuwe kuhambelana nemigangatho yeshishini.

Amaxesha e-JBCC Entlawulo Nemigqaliselo Yenzala

Iifom zekhontrakthi ze-JBCC (Joint Building Contracts Committee) zisetyenziswa kakhulu kulwakhiwo lwaseMzantsi Afrika. Phantsi kwe-JBCC PBA 2018, izatifikethi zentlawulo kufuneka zikhutshwe kwiintsuku ezi-7-14 emva kokufumana ibango lekontraka, kwaye intlawulo kufuneka yenziwe kwiintsuku ezili-14 emva kokukhutshwa kwesatifikethi.

Imiqathango yentlawulo ye-JBCC:

Ikontraka ifaka ibango lentlawulo ngomhla ochaziweyo (ngesiqhelo umhla we-25 wenyanga)
I-principal agent ikhupha isatifikethi kwiintsuku ezi-7-14
Umqeshi uhlawula kwiintsuku ezili-14 ukusuka kumhla wesatifikethi
Inzala yentlawulo elibazisekileyo kwi-prime rate plus 2% (ukuba ikhona kwikhontrakthi)

Iikhontrakthi ze-JBCC zikwabandakanya imiqathango yenzala kwiintlawulo ezilibazisekileyo. Ukuba intlawulo ayenziwanga ngomhla omiselweyo, unelungelo lenzala ngomlinganiselo ochaziweyo kwikhontrakthi (ngesiqhelo i-prime rate plus 2%). Le nzala iqokelelana yonke imihla de kufunyanwe intlawulo.

Imigqaliselo Yentlawulo ye-NEC

Iikhontrakthi ze-NEC (New Engineering Contract) zisetyenziswa kakhulu ngakumbi kulwakhiwo lwaseMzantsi Afrika, ngakumbi kwiiprojekthi zezibonelelo zoluntu. Iikhontrakthi ze-NEC ziquka amaxesha aqinileyo entlawulo nemigqaliselo yenzala.

Imiqathango yentlawulo ye-NEC:

Izatifikethi zentlawulo zikhutshwa ngamaxesha achaziweyo (ngesiqhelo nyanga nganye)
Intlawulo ifuneka kwixesha elichaziweyo (ngesiqhelo iintsuku ezili-14)
Inzala yentlawulo elibazisekileyo ngomlinganiselo ochaziweyo
Ukusombulula iingxabano nge-adjudication

Iikhontrakthi ze-NEC zikwanazo nemigqaliselo yokumisa umsebenzi xa intlawulo ingafunyanwanga, nto leyo ekunika isiseko sekhontrakthi sokuthatha inyathelo xa umxhasi elibazisa intlawulo.

Imiqathango Yentlawulo ye-GCC

Iikhontrakthi ze-GCC (General Conditions of Contract) ziqhele ukusetyenziswa kwiiprojekthi zikarhulumente nezoluntu. Iikhontrakthi ze-GCC ziquka imiqathango yentlawulo nemigqaliselo yenzala efana neye-JBCC.

Imiqathango yentlawulo ye-GCC:

Izatifikethi zentlawulo zikhutshwa nyanga nganye
Intlawulo ifuneka kwiintsuku ezingama-30 ukusuka kwisatifikethi
Inzala yentlawulo elibazisekileyo kwi-prime rate plus 2%
Ukusombulula iingxabano nge-arbitration

Ukuqonda imiqathango yentlawulo yekhontrakthi yakho kubalulekile. Ukuba ikhONTrakthi yakho ichaza iintsuku ezingama-30 kodwa ulinda iintsuku ezingama-90, unesiseko somthetho sokubanga inzala nokunyusa lo mba.

Oonobangela Beentlawulo Ezilibazisekileyo: Kutheni Abaxhasi Bengahlawuli Ngexesha

Ukuqonda ukuba kutheni abaxhasi belibazisa intlawulo kukunceda ukuthintela ingxaki. Oonobangela abaqhelekileyo baquka iingxabano ngomgangatho womsebenzi, ukulibaziseka kolawulo, iingxaki zokuhamba kwemali kumxhasi, kunye neenkqubo zokuvunywa ezinzima.

Ingxabano Ngomgangatho Womsebenzi

Abaxhasi bahlala belibazisa intlawulo xa bephikisana ngomgangatho womsebenzi, besithi umsebenzi awuhlangabezani neemfuno okanye iziphene kufuneka zilungiswe ngaphambi kokuhlawula. Nangona ezinye iingxabano zinobunyani, ezinye zisetyenziswa njengoxinzelelo lokulibazisa intlawulo okanye ukuxoxa amaxabiso asezantsi.

Ukuthintela iingxabano zomgangatho:

Bhala phantsi umsebenzi ngokupheleleyo ngeefoto ne-site diary
Fumana imvume ebhaliweyo yeenguqulelo phambi kokwenza umsebenzi
Lungisa iziphene ngokukhawuleza xa zifunyenwe
Gcina unxibelelwano olucacileyo ne-principal agent
Faka izatifikethi zentlawulo ezineenkcukacha namaxwebhu axhasayo

Iingxabano zomgangatho kulula ukuzithintela kunokuzisombulula. Ngokubhala umsebenzi ngokupheleleyo nokugcina unxibelelwano olucacileyo, unciphisa amathuba eengxabano ezilibazisa intlawulo.

Ukulibaziseka Kolawulo

Ukulibaziseka kolawulo kungunobangela oqhelekileyo weentlawulo ezilibazisekileyo. Abaxhasi banokulibazisa izatifikethi zentlawulo ngenxa yezi zizathu:

Principal agent workload or unavailability
Complex approval chains requiring multiple sign-offs
Incomplete or unclear payment certificates
Missing documentation or supporting evidence
Internal processing delays

Ukuthintela ukulibaziseka kolawulo:

Faka izatifikethi zentlawulo ngexesha, ngalo lonke ixesha
Faka onke amaxwebhu afunekayo nobungqina obuxhasayo
Sebenzisa iifomathi zesatifikethi ezicacileyo nezobuchwephesha
Landela umkhondo ngaphambi kwemihla yokugqibela
Yakha ubudlelwane ne-principal agent nabalawuli bomxhasi

Ukulibaziseka kolawulo kudla ngokuthinteka. Ngokufaka izatifikethi ezipheleleyo, zobuchwephesha ngexesha nokulandela umkhondo kwangethuba, unciphisa amathuba okulibaziseka.

Iingxaki Zokuhamba Kwemali Kumxhasi

Abaxhasi banokulibazisa intlawulo kuba bengenayo imali ekhoyo. Oku kuqheleke ngakumbi kwezi meko:

Property developers waiting for sales or financing
Government departments with budget constraints
Companies experiencing financial difficulties
Projects where client funding is delayed

Ukuzikhusela kwiingxaki zokuhamba kwemali kumxhasi:

Jonga amandla omxhasi okubolekwa ngaphambi kokwamkela ikhONTrakthi
Xoxa ngentlawulo yangaphambili okanye imijikelo emfutshane kubaxhasi abanomngcipheko ophezulu
Landela imbali yentlawulo yomxhasi kwaye uqale ukulandela umkhondo kwangethuba
Cinga ngeziqinisekiso zentlawulo okanye ii-bond kwiiprojekthi ezixabisa kakhulu
Faka umngcipheko wentlawulo kwixabiso lakho

Iingxaki zokuhamba kwemali kumxhasi zinzima ukuzithintela, kodwa unokuzikhusela ngokujonga amandla okubolekwa, uxoxe ngemigaqo engcono, uze ufake umngcipheko wentlawulo kwixabiso.

Iinkqubo Zokuvunywa Ezinzima

Imibutho emikhulu idla ngokuba neenkqubo zokuvunywa ezinzima ezifuna iisayino ezininzi ngaphambi kwentlawulo. Oku kunokulibazisa iintlawulo nangona kungekho ngxabano okanye iingxaki zokuhamba kwemali.

Ukulawula iinkqubo zokuvunywa ezinzima:

Qonda inkqubo yokuvunywa yomxhasi kwasekuqaleni
Yakha ubudlelwane nabathathi-zigqibo abaphambili
Faka izatifikethi zentlawulo kudala ngaphambi komhla wokugqibela
Landela umkhondo ngenyathelo ngalinye lokuvunywa
Cinga ngemijikelo emfutshane okanye iintlawulo zangaphambili kubaxhasi abanzima

Iinkqubo zokuvunywa ezinzima zifuna ulawulo oluqhubayo. Ngokuyiqonda inkqubo nokwakha ubudlelwane, unokunciphisa ukulibaziseka.

Impembelelo Kwiikontraka: Iindleko Zokwenene Zeentlawulo Ezilibazisekileyo

Iintlawulo ezilibazisekileyo aziphazamisi nje iikontraka - zenza iingxaki ezinzima zokuhamba kwemali ezinokutshabalalisa amashishini. Xa iintlawulo zilibazisekile, iikontraka ziyasokola ukuhlawula ii-subcontractor, ababoneleli, kunye namaqela azo, nto leyo ekhokelela ekushiyweni kweeprojekthi, ubudlelwane obonakeleyo, nasekwehleni kweshishini.

Ingxaki Yokuhamba Kwemali

Xa iintlawulo zilibazisekile, iikontraka zijongana ngoko nangoko neengxaki zokuhamba kwemali. Uchithe imali kwizinto zokwakha nakubasebenzi, kodwa awukafumani ntlawulo. Oku kudala umsantsa wokuhamba kwemali ekufuneka uvalwe ngemali ejikelezayo okanye ngemali-mboleko yangaphandle.

Impembelelo ekuhambeni kwemali:

Ukuncipha kwemali ejikelezayo ekhoyo kwezinye iiprojekthi
Ukuxhomekeka ngakumbi kwi-overdraft okanye kwiimali-mboleko
Ukunyuka kweendleko zemali-mboleko
Ukuncipha kwamandla okuthatha umsebenzi omtsha
Umngcipheko wokusilela kweshishini xa imali iphela

Kwiikontraka ezilawula iiprojekthi ezininzi, ukulibaziseka kwentlawulo kwiprojekthi enye kunokuchaphazela ukuhamba kwemali kwishishini lonke, kwenze kube nzima ukuhlawula ii-subcontractor okanye ababoneleli kwezinye iiprojekthi.

Ukungakwazi Ukuhlawula ii-Subcontractor

Xa ungahlawulwa, awukwazi ukuhlawula ii-subcontractor zakho. Oku kudala uthotho lweengxaki:

Subcontractors stop work or threaten to stop work
Relationships with subcontractors deteriorate
You may face legal action from subcontractors
Your reputation in the industry suffers
Future subcontractors may refuse to work with you

Iingxaki zentlawulo yee-subcontractor zonyusa ingxaki yokuhamba kwemali. Ubambeke phakathi kwabaxhasi abangahlawuliyo nee-subcontractor ezilindele intlawulo, nto leyo edala imeko enzima kakhulu.

Ukushiywa Kweprojekthi

Kwiimeko ezinzima, iintlawulo ezilibazisekileyo zinokunyanzela iikontraka ukuba ziyeke iiprojekthi. Xa imali iphela kwaye iintlawulo zingafiki, iikontraka zisenokungabi nakhetho ngaphandle kokumisa umsebenzi, zishiye iiprojekthi zingagqitywanga zize zijongane namanyathelo omthetho kubaxhasi.

Umjikelo wokushiywa kweprojekthi:

Iintlawulo ezilibazisekileyo zenza ingxaki yokuhamba kwemali
Ingxaki yokuhamba kwemali ithintela ukuhlawula ii-subcontractor nababoneleli
Ii-subcontractor nababoneleli bayawumisa umsebenzi
Inkqubela yeprojekthi iyacotha okanye iyema
Umxhasi ulibazisa ngakumbi intlawulo ngenxa yenkqubela ecothayo
Ikontraka iyayeka iprojekthi okanye ijongane nomthetho

Ukushiywa kweprojekthi yeyona meko imbi kakhulu, kodwa iyenzeka xa iintlawulo ezilibazisekileyo zenza imeko yokuhamba kwemali engazinziyo.

Ubudlelwane Nedigri Yegama Elonakeleyo

Iintlawulo ezilibazisekileyo zonakalisa ubudlelwane nabaxhasi, ii-subcontractor, nababoneleli. Xa ungakwazi ukuhlawula ii-subcontractor kuba umxhasi engakahlawuli, ubudlelwane buyonakala. Xa usoloko ulandela iintlawulo, nobudlelwane nabaxhasi buyaphazamiseka. Xa kusasazeka igama lokuba uyasokola ekuhambeni kwemali, negama lakho kwishishini liyonakala.

Impembelelo kwigama lakho:

Abaxhasi banokuphepha ukusebenza nawe
Ii-subcontractor zinokwala ukusebenza nawe
Ababoneleli banokufuna intlawulo yangaphambili okanye bangavumi ikhredithi
Iibhanki zinokunciphisa umda wekhredithi okanye zingavumi inkxaso-mali
Amandla akho okufumana umsebenzi omtsha ayancipha

Ukonakala kwegama kunzima ukukulungisa. Xa sele kusasazeke ukuba uyasokola ekuhambeni kwemali, kungathatha iminyaka ukwakha kwakhona ukuthembana.

Amaqhinga Okuthintela: Ungaziphepha Njani Iintlawulo Ezilibazisekileyo

Ukuthintela iintlawulo ezilibazisekileyo kulula kunokujongana nazo emva kokuba zenzekile. Ngokuphumeza imiqathango ecacileyo yentlawulo, iinkqubo ezifanelekileyo zezifikethi zentlawulo, izatifikethi ze-interim ngexesha, kunye neenkqubo zokunyusa umba, unokunciphisa amathuba okulibaziseka. Ngesicwangciso esibanzi sokuhamba kwemali, jonga ulawulo lokuhamba kwemali kulwakhiwo eMzantsi Afrika.

Imiqathango Ecacileyo Yentlawulo

Imiqathango ecacileyo yentlawulo kwiikhontrakthi zakho ibalulekile. Chaza:

Umjikelo wentlawulo (ngesiqhelo iintsuku ezingama-30 ukusuka kwisatifikethi)
Indlela yokuhlawula (EFT, itshekhi, njl.)
Iinkcukacha zeakhawunti yentlawulo
Umlinganiselo wenzala kwiintlawulo ezilibazisekileyo (ngesiqhelo i-prime rate plus 2%)
Iinkqubo zokusombulula iingxabano
Imihla yokukhululwa kwe-retention

Imiqathango yekhontrakthi ekufuneka ifakwe:

Umhla wokuhlawula ochazwe ngokucacileyo
Umlinganiselo wenzala yentlawulo elibazisekileyo nendlela yokubala
Ilungelo lokumisa umsebenzi xa intlawulo ingafunyanwanga
Iinkqubo zokusombulula iingxabano
Imihla neemeko zokukhululwa kwe-retention

Imiqathango ecacileyo yentlawulo ikunika ukhuseleko lomthetho xa umxhasi elibazisa intlawulo. Ukuba ikhONTrakthi yakho ichaza iintsuku ezingama-30 kwaye intlawulo ilibaziseke ngeentsuku ezingama-60, unesizathu sokubanga inzala nokunyusa umba.

Inkqubo Efanelekileyo Yesatifikethi Sentlawulo

Iinkqubo ezisemgangathweni zezifikethi zentlawulo ziqinisekisa ukuba izatifikethi zikhutshwa ngexesha kwaye ziquka lonke ulwazi olufunekayo. Oku kunciphisa amathuba okulibaziseka kolawulo okanye iingxabano.

Iindlela ezingcono kwizatifikethi zentlawulo:

Faka izatifikethi zentlawulo ngexesha, ngalo lonke ixesha
Faka uluhlu oluneenkcukacha lomsebenzi ogqityiweyo
Qhoboshela amaxwebhu axhasayo (iifoto, imilinganiselo, ii-site diary)
Sebenzisa iifomathi zesatifikethi ezicacileyo nezobuchwephesha
Landela iifomathi ezichazwe yikhontrakthi (JBCC, NEC, GCC)
Faka amabango eenguqulelo kunye namaxwebhu axhasayo
Landela imihla yokufakwa nokuvunywa kwesatifikethi

Iinkqubo ezifanelekileyo zezifikethi zentlawulo zinciphisa ukulibaziseka ngokwenza ukuba izatifikethi ziphelele, zichaneke, kwaye zifakwe ngexesha. Oku kunciphisa amathuba okulibaziseka kolawulo okanye iingxabano ezilibazisa intlawulo.

Izatifikethi Ze-Interim Ngexesha

Izatifikethi ze-interim kufuneka zikhutshwe nyanga nganye (okanye ngamaxesha achazwe yikhontrakthi) kuyo yonke iprojekthi. Izatifikethi eziphuma ngexesha zigcina imali ihamba kwaye zinciphisa umsantsa wokuhamba kwemali.

Ixesha lezatifikethi ze-interim:

Faka amabango ngaphambi komhla wokugqibela wekONTrakthi (ngesiqhelo umhla we-25 wenyanga)
Landela umkhondo kwangethuba ukuba izatifikethi azikhutshwa ngexesha
Landela imihla yokukhutshwa kwezatifikethi nemihla yeentlawulo
Nyusa umba ukuba izatifikethi zihlala zilibazisekile
Sebenzisa isoftware yolawulo lolwakhiwo ukwenza ngokuzenzekela ukuveliswa kwezatifikethi

Izatifikethi ze-interim ezikhutshwa ngexesha zibaluleke kakhulu ekuhambeni kwemali. Ukuba izatifikethi zilibazisekile, iintlawulo nazo zilibaziseke, nto leyo edala iingxaki zokuhamba kwemali. Ngokwenza ukuba izatifikethi zikhutshwe ngexesha, ugcina ukuhamba kwemali kulo lonke ixesha leprojekthi.

Iinkqubo Zokunyusa Umba

Yiba neenkqubo ezicacileyo zokunyusa umba kwiintlawulo ezilibazisekileyo. Musa ukulinda de iintlawulo zibe semva ngeentsuku ezingama-60 ukuze uthathe inyathelo - nyusa umba kwangethuba kwaye ngokuqhubekayo.

Inkqubo yokunyusa umba:

Isikhumbuzi - Isikhumbuzi esinobubele kwiintsuku ezi-5 ngaphambi komhla wentlawulo
Ukulandelela - Ukulandelela ngokusesikweni ngomhla wentlawulo
Isaziso senzala - Isaziso sentlawulo yenzala ukuba intlawulo ilibaziseke ngeentsuku ezi-7
Ukunyusa umba - Nyusa umba kwi-principal agent okanye kubaphathi bomxhasi ukuba intlawulo ilibaziseke ngeentsuku ezili-14
Inyathelo lomthetho - Cinga ngenyathelo lomthetho okanye ukumisa umsebenzi ukuba intlawulo ilibaziseke ngeentsuku ezingama-30 nangaphezulu

Iinkqubo zokunyusa umba zikunika indlela enesicwangciso sokujongana neentlawulo ezilibazisekileyo. Ngokunyusa umba kwangethuba nangokungaguquguqukiyo, ubonisa ukuba iintlawulo ezilibazisekileyo azamkelekanga kwaye ukhuthaza abaxhasi ukuba bahlawule ngexesha.

Into Omawuyenze Xa Iintlawulo Zilibazisekile: Isicwangciso Sakho Sesenzo

Xa iintlawulo zilibazisekile, kufuneka uthathe inyathelo ngokukhawuleza nangendlela ecwangcisiweyo. Musa ukulinda - yonke imini yokulibaziseka ikubiza imali kwaye yonakalisa ukuhamba kwemali yakho. Landela la manyathelo ukufumana iintlawulo ezilibazisekileyo nokukhusela ishishini lakho.

Inyathelo 1: Isaziso Esisesikweni

Thumela isaziso esibhaliweyo esisesikweni kumxhasi nakwi-principal agent xa intlawulo ilibazisekile. Isaziso kufuneka:

Sibhekise kwinombolo nakumhla wesatifikethi sentlawulo
Sichaze imali efunekayo kunye nomhla wokuhlawula
Sichaze ukuba intlawulo idlulile umhla
Sicela intlawulo ngoko nangoko
Sibhekise kwimiqathango yentlawulo yekhontrakthi nakwimigqaliselo yenzala

Umzekelo wesaziso esisesikweni:

Umgca wesihloko ocacileyo: “Intlawulo Edlulileyo Umhla - Isatifikethi [Inombolo]”
Bhekisa kwikhontrakthi nakwisatifikethi sentlawulo
Chaza imali efunekayo neentsuku ezidlulileyo
Cela intlawulo ngoko nangoko
Bhekisa kwimigqaliselo yenzala ukuba intlawulo ilibaziseke kakhulu

Isaziso esisesikweni sidala umkhondo wamaxwebhu kwaye sibonisa ukuba uwuthatha nzulu lo mba. Kwakhona sinika umxhasi ithuba lokuhlawula ngaphambi kokuba uwunyuse ngakumbi umba.

Inyathelo 2: Amabango Enzala

Ukuba ikhONTrakthi yakho inemigqaliselo yenzala, banga inzala kwiintlawulo ezilibazisekileyo. Bala inzala ukusuka kumhla wentlawulo omiselweyo ukuya kumhla ofumene ngawo intlawulo, ngomlinganiselo ochazwe kwikhontrakthi yakho (ngesiqhelo i-prime rate plus 2%).

Ukubalwa kwenzala:

Umlinganiselo wenzala: Prime rate plus 2% (okanye umlinganiselo ochazwe yikhontrakthi)
Ixesha lokubala: Ukusuka kumhla wentlawulo omiselweyo ukuya kumhla wokufumana intlawulo
Inzala yemihla ngemihla: (Imali efunekayo x Umlinganiselo wenzala) / 365
Inzala iyonke: Inzala yemihla ngemihla x Iintsuku ezidlulileyo

Faka inzala kwi-invoyisi zokulandela nakwizaziso ezisesikweni. Amabango enzala abonisa ukuba iintlawulo ezilibazisekileyo zineziphumo kwaye akhuthaza abaxhasi ukuba bahlawule ngexesha.

Inyathelo 3: Ukunyusa Umba Kwi-Principal Agent okanye Kubaphathi Bomxhasi

Ukuba intlawulo isadlulile umhla emva kwesaziso esisesikweni, nyusa umba kwi-principal agent okanye kubaphathi bomxhasi. Ukunyusa umba kubonisa ukuba lo mba ubalulekile kwaye ufuna ingqalelo engxamisekileyo.

Indlela yokunyusa umba:

Nxibelelana ngqo ne-principal agent okanye abaphathi bomxhasi
Nika isishwankathelo esibhaliweyo sentlawulo edlulileyo umhla
Bhekisa kwimiqathango yekhontrakthi nakwimbali yeentlawulo
Cela intlawulo ngoko nangoko okanye isicwangciso sentlawulo
Yazisa ukuba umsebenzi unokumiswa ukuba ikhONTrakthi iyavumela

Ukonyusa umba kudla ngokusombulula iingxaki zentlawulo. Xa abaphathi abaphezulu besazi ngeentlawulo ezidlulileyo umhla, bahlala bebeka intlawulo phambili ukunqanda ukulibaziseka kweprojekthi okanye amanyathelo omthetho.

Inyathelo 4: I-Adjudication okanye i-Arbitration

Ukuba iingxabano zentlawulo ziqhubeka, cinga nge-adjudication okanye i-arbitration phantsi kweenkqubo zokusombulula iingxabano zekhontrakthi yakho. I-adjudication ikhawuleza kwaye ixabisa kancinci kunenkundla, nto leyo eyenza ifanele iingxabano zentlawulo.

Inkqubo ye-adjudication:

Faka ingxabano kumadjudicator (ukuba ikhONTrakthi iyavumela)
I-adjudicator yenza isigqibo esibophayo (ngesiqhelo kwiintsuku ezingama-28)
Isigqibo sinokunyanzeliswa enkundleni xa kuyimfuneko
Iindleko zihlala zabelwana ngamaqela omabini

I-adjudication inika isisombululo esikhawulezayo kwiingxabano zentlawulo. Ukuba ikhONTrakthi yakho inemigqaliselo ye-adjudication, yisebenzise xa iintlawulo zilibaziseke kakhulu kwaye ezinye iindlela zingasebenzi.

Inyathelo 5: Ukumiswa Komsebenzi

Ukuba ikhONTrakthi yakho iyavumela, cinga ngokumisa umsebenzi de kufunyanwe intlawulo. Ukumiswa komsebenzi komeleza indawo yakho kwaye kubonisa ukuba iintlawulo ezilibazisekileyo azamkelekanga.

Izinto omele uzithathele ingqalelo xa umisa umsebenzi:

Jonga imiqathango yekhontrakthi - ukumisa kunokufuna isaziso okanye iimeko ezithile
Nika isaziso esibhaliweyo sokumisa umsebenzi
Misa umsebenzi ngoko nangoko xa kumisiwe
Qalisa kwakhona kuphela xa intlawulo ifunyenwe
Bhala phantsi imihla yokumisa nokuqalisa kwakhona

Ukumisa umsebenzi sisigqibo sokugqibela, kodwa sihlala sisebenza. Xa abaxhasi bejongana nokulibaziseka kweprojekthi ngenxa yokumiswa, bahlala bebeka intlawulo phambili ukuze umsebenzi uqale kwakhona.

Kutheni Ii-Spreadsheets Neenkqubo Zezandla Zisilela

Iikontraka ezininzi zilandelela izatifikethi zentlawulo nge-spreadsheet, zikhuphe izatifikethi kwiitemplate ze-Word, zize zikhangele iintlawulo ezidlulileyo umhla zisuka kwimemori okanye amanqaku abhaliweyo. Le ndlela iyawa xa ijongene nenyani yolwakhiwo eMzantsi Afrika. Ii-spreadsheet azinyanzelisi iifomathi zesatifikethi ze-JBCC, NEC, okanye GCC okanye ukubalwa kwe-retention, ngoko iimpazamo ziyadlula kwaye iingxabano ziyanda. Isofthiwe ye-accounting engadityaniswanga ayazi ukuba sesiphi isatifikethi esisalindileyo, sesiphi esidlulileyo ngeentsuku ezili-14, okanye yeyiphi iprojekthi eneretention ekufuneka ikhululwe. Xa i-principal agent ibuza ngomgca othile, ukufumana i-site diary okanye imvume yenguqulelo exhasayo kuthetha ukukhangela i-imeyile namaphepha.

Amaqonga olwakhiwo ase-US naseYurophu athatha iifom zekhontrakthi nemijikelo yentlawulo eyahlukileyo; awaxhasi rhoqo imiqathango yentlawulo yaseMzantsi Afrika, ukuhamba kwemali ngeRandi, okanye ukudityaniswa kokuveliswa nokulandelwa kwezatifikethi okugcina imali ihamba. Kwiintlawulo ezilibazisekileyo kulwakhiwo, umsantsa awukho kulwazi kodwa kwiinkqubo: ukuveliswa kwezatifikethi, ukulandela imihla emiselweyo, kunye nomkhondo wamaxwebhu ocacileyo kwindawo enye.

Le Yenzelwe Bani

Esi sikhokelo senzelwe abakhi bezindlu nezorhwebo, ii-subcontractor, nabaphuhlisi bepropathi abahlawulwa ngezatifikethi zenkqubela phantsi kwe-JBCC, NEC, okanye GCC, kwaye abafuna ukukhusela ukuhamba kwemali xa imijikelo yentlawulo yanda iye kwiintsuku ezingama-60-90 okanye nangaphezulu. Sisebenza nokuba ulawula iprojekthi enye ye-R2m okanye ezininzi; nokuba usebenza phantsi kwe-principal agent okanye ngokuthe ngqo nomqeshi; nokuba ukulibaziseka kweentlawulo kuvela ngamaxesha athile okanye kuqhelekile.

Ukuba sele ukhupha izatifikethi ngexesha kodwa usalinda iinyanga ukuze uhlawulwe, amacandelo amalungelo omthetho, ukunyusa umba, kunye nemiqathango yekhontrakthi aza kubaluleka kakhulu. Ukuba unobangela omkhulu kukulibaziseka kolawulo okanye iingxabano, amacandelo okuthintela nenkqubo aza kusebenza kuwe. Imigaqo iyafana: imiqathango ecacileyo, izatifikethi ezikhutshwa ngexesha, ukulandela umkhondo kwangethuba, kunye nezixhobo ezifanelekileyo zokulandela nokunyanzelisa intlawulo.

Imibuzo Ebuzwa Rhoqo

Leliphi ixesha lentlawulo elinengqiqo lomsebenzi wolwakhiwo eMzantsi Afrika?

Uninzi lweekhontrakthi zolwakhiwo eMzantsi Afrika lukhankanya imiqathango yentlawulo yeentsuku ezingama-30 ukusuka kwisatifikethi ukuya entlawulweni. Nangona kunjalo, umndilili weshishini ziintsuku ezingama-60-90 ngenxa yokulibaziseka kolawulo neengxabano. Izikhokelo ze-CIDB zicebisa iintsuku ezingama-30, kwaye iikontraka kufuneka zinyanzelise le miqathango ngemigqaliselo yekhontrakthi nangokulandela umkhondo kwangethuba.

Ndingabiza inzala kwiintlawulo ezilibazisekileyo?

Ewe, ukuba ikhONTrakthi yakho inemigqaliselo yenzala. Uninzi lweekhontrakthi ze-JBCC, NEC, ne-GCC lunezibonelelo zenzala kwiintlawulo ezilibazisekileyo, ngesiqhelo kwi-prime rate plus 2%. Bala inzala ukusuka kumhla wentlawulo omiselweyo ukuya kumhla ofumana ngawo intlawulo, uze uyifake kwi-invoyisi zokulandela nakwizaziso ezisesikweni.

Ndimele ndenze ntoni xa umxhasi ephikisa isatifikethi sentlawulo?

Okokuqala, hlola ingxabano ngononophelo. Ukuba ingxabano inobunyani, yisombulule ngokukhawuleza ngokunika amaxwebhu ongezelelekileyo okanye ukulungisa iziphene. Ukuba ingxabano ayinasiseko, phendula ngokusesikweni namaxwebhu axhasayo uze ubhekise kwimiqathango yekhontrakthi. Ukuba iingxabano ziqhubeka, cinga nge-adjudication okanye i-arbitration phantsi kweenkqubo zokusombulula iingxabano zekhontrakthi yakho.

Ndingazithintela njani iintlawulo ezilibazisekileyo?

Thintela iintlawulo ezilibazisekileyo ngokuphumeza imiqathango ecacileyo yentlawulo, iinkqubo ezifanelekileyo zezifikethi zentlawulo, izatifikethi ze-interim ngexesha, kunye neenkqubo zokunyusa umba. Faka izatifikethi ezipheleleyo nezobuchwephesha ngexesha, landela umkhondo ngaphambi kwemihla yokugqibela, uze unyuse umba kwangethuba xa iintlawulo zilibazisekile. Isofthiwe yolawulo lolwakhiwo efana ne-Wakha inokwenza ngokuzenzekela ukuveliswa kwezatifikethi nokulandelwa kweentlawulo, kuncitshiswe amathuba okulibaziseka.

Athini amalungelo am xa intlawulo ilibaziseke kakhulu?

Ukuba intlawulo ilibaziseke kakhulu (ngesiqhelo iintsuku ezingama-30 nangaphezulu), unokuba nelungelo loku:

Biza inzala kwiimali ezidlulileyo umhla (ukuba ikhONTrakthi iyavumela)
Misa umsebenzi de kufunyanwe intlawulo (ukuba ikhONTrakthi iyavumela)
Landela i-adjudication okanye i-arbitration phantsi kweenkqubo zokusombulula iingxabano
Thatha inyathelo lomthetho ukubuyisa intlawulo nenzala

Jonga imiqathango yekhontrakthi yakho ukuze uqonde amalungelo nezibophelelo zakho ezithile. Soloko ulandela iinkqubo zekhontrakthi kwaye ufune ingcebiso yomthetho xa kuyimfuneko.

Isiphelo

Iintlawulo ezilibazisekileyo kulwakhiwo lwaseMzantsi Afrika yingxaki yenkqubo, kodwa azinyanzelekanga ukuba zitshabalalise ishishini lakho. Ngokuwazi amalungelo akho asemthethweni phantsi kwe-JBCC ne-NEC, ukuphumeza amaqhinga okuthintela, nokuthatha inyathelo ngokukhawuleza xa iintlawulo zilibazisekile, unokukhusela ukuhamba kwemali kwaye uqinisekise ukuba ishishini lakho liyaphila. Imigaqo ephambili ilula: faka imiqathango ecacileyo yentlawulo kwiikhontrakthi zakho, faka izatifikethi zentlawulo ezobuchwephesha ngexesha, landela umkhondo kwangethuba xa iintlawulo zilibazisekile, kwaye nyusa umba kwangethuba nangokungaguquguqukiyo. Ukwenza oku kwiiprojekthi ezininzi kufuna ulawulo, iinkqubo, kunye nezixhobo ezilandela izatifikethi nemihla emiselweyo kwindawo enye.

Bona indlela Wakha enceda ngayo abakhi nabaphuhlisi baseMzantsi Afrika ukulawula izatifikethi zentlawulo, ukulandela ukuhamba kwemali, nokunciphisa impembelelo yeentlawulo ezilibazisekileyo kwiqonga elinye.

Amanqaku Ahambelanayo: