Iikhontrakthi ze-JBCC vs NEC vs GCC: Yeyiphi Elungele Iprojekthi Yakho yase-SA?

Ifomu yekhontrakthi engachanekanga inokubangela ukulibaziseka kweentlawulo, iisatifikethi eziphikiswayo, nokukhutshwa kwitender. EMzantsi Afrika, kukho iisuti ezintathu eziphambili: i-JBCC (Joint Building Contracts Committee), i-NEC (New Engineering Contract), kunye ne-GCC (General Conditions of Contract). Nganye isebenza kumacandelo ahlukeneyo, yabela umngcipheko ngendlela eyahlukileyo, kwaye isebenzisa iinkqubo ezahlukeneyo zentlawulo. Oonokontraka nabaphuhlisi abaninzi bangena kwiingxabano, kwiintlawulo ezilibazisekayo, nakwiindleko ezigqithileyo ngenxa yokungahambelani kwekhontrakthi neprojekthi okanye nomthengi.

Esi sikhokelo sithelekisa iikhontrakthi ze-JBCC vs NEC vs GCC kwimeko yaseMzantsi Afrika: kusetyenziswe nini nganye, indlela iisatifikethi zentlawulo kunye neenguqu (variations) ezisebenza ngayo phantsi kwenkqubo nganye, kunye nendlela yokuzilawula ngaphandle kokugqunywa ziispredishithi.

Kutheni Ukukhetha Ifomu YeKhontrakthi Kubalulekile

Ifomu yekhontrakthi oyikhethayo ibeka isiseko sendlela iprojekthi yakho eza kulawulwa ngayo, indlela iingxabano eziza kusonjululwa ngayo, kunye nendlela iintlawulo eziza kuhamba ngayo. Ukuba ukhetha gwenxa, unokujamelana noku:

Ukulibaziseka kweentlawulo — Iikhontrakthi ezahlukeneyo zineenkqubo ezahlukeneyo zeesatifikethi zentlawulo. Ukusebenzisa ifomu engachanekanga kudala ukudideka nokulibaziseka.
Ukunyuka kweengxabano — Ikhontrakthi nganye inendlela yayo yokusombulula iingxabano. Ezinye zixhomekeke kakhulu kukhuphiswano, ezinye zixhasa intsebenziswano.
Ukwabiwa komngcipheko okungachanekanga — Iikhontrakthi zabela umngcipheko ngokwahlukileyo. Ifomu engahambelani nohlobo lweprojekthi inokushiya icala lakho lisemngciphekweni.
Imiba yokuthotyelwa kwemigaqo — Iiprojekthi zikarhulumente zihlala zinyanzelisa iifomu ezithile. Ukusebenzisa engachanekanga kunokukhupha ibhidi yakho.

EMzantsi Afrika, ukukhetha ikhontrakthi akuxhomekekanga kukhetho kuphela - kudla ngokulawulwa luhlobo lweprojekthi, icandelo lomthengi, kunye neemfuno zomgaqo-nkqubo. Ukuqonda ezi zithintelo kukunceda ukhethe ifomu efanelekileyo uze uyilawule kakuhle.

Isishwankathelo Sezikhontrakthi Zokwakha eMzantsi Afrika

Ngaphambi kokungena kuthelekiso olunzulu, nantsi inkcazo emfutshane yesuti nganye yekhontrakthi nendawo esetyenziswa kuyo kwimarike yaseMzantsi Afrika.

JBCC: Umgangatho Wecandelo Labucala

I-suite ye-JBCC (Joint Building Contracts Committee) yeyona isetyenziswa kakhulu kwicandelo labucala eMzantsi Afrika. Yenzelwe imisebenzi yokwakha - yokuhlala, yorhwebo, neyemizi-mveliso - kwaye ithandwa ngabaphuhlisi bezindlu, abathengi babucala, kunye nookontraka abasebenza kwiiprojekthi zabucala.

Iikhontrakthi eziphambili ze-JBCC:

Principal Building Agreement (PBA) — Ikhontrakthi ephambili yemisebenzi yokwakha, idla ngokusetyenziselwa iiprojekthi ezingaphezu kwe-R500,000
Minor Works Agreement — Ikhontrakthi elula yeeprojekthi ezincinci ezingaphantsi kwe-R500,000
Nominated/Selected Subcontract Agreement — Yolawulo lweekontraka-zincinci (subcontractors) kwiiprojekthi ze-JBCC

Apho kusetyenziswa i-JBCC:

Uphuhliso lwezindlu zabucala
Iiprojekthi zokwakha zorhwebo
Ulwakhiwo lwemizi-mveliso
Iiprojekthi zophuhliso lwepropathi
Iziseko zophuhliso zecandelo labucala (apho kunganyanzeliswanga enye ifomu)

Isabelo semarike: I-JBCC ilawula imisebenzi yokwakha yecandelo labucala, ngoqikelelo lwe-60–70% kwiiprojekthi zabucala.

NEC: Umgangatho Wecandelo Loluntu Nobunjineli

I-suite ye-NEC (New Engineering Contract) ikhula ngokukhawuleza kwicandelo loluntu naseeprojekthini zobunjineli eMzantsi Afrika. Nangona yaqalwa e-UK, i-NEC4 yamkelwe ngamashishini karhulumente (parastatals) kunye neemetro ezinkulu zaseMzantsi Afrika kwiziseko zophuhliso nemisebenzi yobunjineli.

Iikhontrakthi eziphambili ze-NEC:

NEC4 Engineering and Construction Contract (ECC) — Ikhontrakthi ephambili yemisebenzi yobunjineli nolwakhiwo
NEC4 Professional Services Contract (PSC) — Yeengcebiso neenkonzo zobungcali
NEC4 Term Service Contract — Yeenkonzo eziqhubekayo zokulungisa nokugcina

Apho kusetyenziswa i-NEC:

Iiprojekthi zeendlela ze-SANRAL
Iziseko zombane ze-Eskom
Iiprojekthi zikaloliwe namazibuko ze-Transnet
Iiprojekthi zeziseko zemetro (City of Cape Town, City of Johannesburg)
Iziseko zamanzi (Rand Water, ooMasipala)
Iiprojekthi zobunjineli ezifuna intsebenziswano

Isabelo semarike: I-NEC ikhula ngokukhawuleza kwicandelo loluntu, ngakumbi kwiziseko zophuhliso nobunjineli. Iqikelelwa kwi-20–30% yeekhontrakthi zecandelo loluntu.

GCC: Umgangatho Karhulumente

I-General Conditions of Contract for Construction Works (GCC) inyanzeliswa kwiiprojekthi ezininzi zamasebe karhulumente eMzantsi Afrika. Ipapashwa yi-South African Institution of Civil Engineering (SAICE) kwaye iyafuneka kwiiprojekthi eziwela phantsi kwemigaqo ye-CIDB.

Iikhontrakthi eziphambili ze-GCC:

GCC 2015 — Inguqulelo yangoku yemisebenzi yokwakha
GCC for Engineering and Construction Works — Yeeprojekthi zobunjineli
GCC for Small Works — Inguqulelo elula yeeprojekthi ezincinci

Apho kusetyenziswa i-GCC:

Iiprojekthi zamasebe karhulumente kazwelonke
Imisebenzi karhulumente wamaphondo
Iiprojekthi zomasipala (apho kungasetyenziswa i-NEC)
Ulwakhiwo lwecandelo loluntu olunyanzeliswa yi-CIDB
Iiprojekthi zemilinganiselo nexabiso (measure-and-value) zemveli

Isabelo semarike: I-GCC isahlala iphezulu kwiiprojekthi zamasebe karhulumente, malunga ne-40–50% yeekhontrakthi zecandelo loluntu, nangona i-NEC ikhula.

Uthelekiso Oluneenkcukacha: JBCC vs NEC vs GCC

Ukuqonda umahluko phakathi kwezi fomu zekhontrakthi kukunceda ukhethe efanelekileyo uze uyilawule kakuhle. Nalu uthelekiso olusecaleni (side-by-side) lwezinto eziphambili.

Iindlela Zentlawulo

Inkqubo yentlawulo ye-JBCC:

I-JBCC isebenzisa inkqubo yesatifikethi sentlawulo yethutyana yemveli. I-Principal Agent (umakhi okanye quantity surveyor) ukhupha iisatifikethi zentlawulo zanyanga zonke, eqinisekisa umsebenzi ogqityiweyo ukuza kuthi ga ngelo xesha. Iintlawulo zihlala:

Zikhutshwa ngenyanga ngokusekelwe kumsebenzi ogqityiweyo
Ziquka i-retention (ngokuqhelekileyo i-5–10%)
Zibala iinguqu nohlengahlengiso
Zihlawulwa phakathi kweentsuku ezi-14–21 emva kokukhutshwa kwesatifikethi

Inkqubo ye-JBCC icacile kodwa inokulibaziseka ukuba iisatifikethi azikhutshwanga ngexesha. Oonokontraka baxhomekeke ekukhutshweni kwazo ngokukhawuleza ukuze ukuhamba kwemali kuhlale kuzinzile.

Inkqubo yentlawulo ye-NEC:

I-NEC isebenzisa inkqubo esekwe kwimisebenzi (activity-based) okanye kwi-target cost, kuxhomekeka kukhetho lwekhontrakthi olukhethiweyo. Iintlawulo zihlala:

Zisekwe kwimisebenzi egqityiweyo okanye kwipesenti ye-target cost
Ziquka inkqubo ye-early warning kwiindleko ezinokugqitha
Zineesayikile zentlawulo ezixhaphakileyo (amaxesha amaninzi rhoqo kwiiveki ezimbini)
Zisebenzisa indlela yentsebenziswano nokwabelana ngomngcipheko

Inkqubo ye-NEC yenzelwe ukuba ikhawuleze kwaye ibe yentsebenziswano, apho i-early warning inceda ukuthintela iingxabano zingekakhuli.

Inkqubo yentlawulo ye-GCC:

I-GCC isebenzisa inkqubo yemveli ye-measure-and-value, efana ne-JBCC kodwa inomehluko othile:

Iisatifikethi zentlawulo zanyanga zonke ngokusekelwe kumsebenzi olinganisiweyo
I-retention idla ngokuba yi-5–10%
Intlawulo ngaphakathi kweentsuku ezingama-30 emva kwesatifikethi (inde kune-JBCC)
Inkqubo esemthethweni nengqongqo yemilinganiselo

Iintlawulo ze-GCC zinokuhamba kancinci ngenxa yeemfuno ezingqongqo zemilinganiselo kunye nemiqathango emide yentlawulo.

Ukwabiwa Komngcipheko

Ukwabiwa komngcipheko kwi-JBCC:

I-JBCC ilandela imodeli yemveli yokwabiwa komngcipheko:

Umngcipheko womkontraka: Umgangatho womsebenzi, izinto, ukulibaziseka kwexesha (ngaphandle kokuxolelwayo), iindleko ezigqithileyo
Umngcipheko womthengi: Iimpazamo zoyilo (ukuba umthengi unike uyilo), force majeure, iimeko zomhlaba (ukuba azidalulwanga)
Umngcipheko owabelwana ngawo: Iinguqu, ukulibaziseka okubangelwe ngumthengi okanye yi-arhente

I-JBCC ilinganiselwe noko, kodwa inokujika ibe neengxabano xa kukho ukutolikwa okungqongqo kwemimiselo.

Ukwabiwa komngcipheko kwi-NEC:

I-NEC isebenzisa indlela yentsebenziswano ekwabelanwa ngayo ngomngcipheko:

Inkqubo ye-early warning — Omabini amaqela kufuneka azise ngeengxaki ezinokwenzeka
Compensation events — Iziganeko ezichaziweyo ezivula uhlengahlengiso lwexesha neendleko
Umngcipheko owabelwana ngawo — Ugxininiso olukhulu ekusombululeni iingxaki ngokudibeneyo
Ukungafihli (transparency) — Unxibelelwano oluvulekileyo nokwabelana ngomngcipheko

I-NEC yenzelwe ukunciphisa iingxabano nge-early warning kunye nokusebenza ngentsebenziswano, kodwa ifuna ulawulo olusebenzayo lwekhontrakthi.

Ukwabiwa komngcipheko kwi-GCC:

I-GCC ilandela imodeli yemveli ebeka umngcipheko omkhulu kumkontraka:

Umngcipheko womkontraka: Uninzi lwemingcipheko yeprojekthi, kuquka iimeko zomhlaba, ukulibaziseka kwemozulu, iindleko ezigqithileyo
Umngcipheko womthengi: Umncinci - ikakhulu iimpazamo zoyilo kunye ne-force majeure
Inkqubo esemthethweni — Ukutolikwa okungqongqo kwemigaqo yekhontrakthi

I-GCC idla ngokubeka umngcipheko omkhulu kumkontraka, nto leyo enokubanzima koonokontraka kodwa inike umthengi ukuqinisekiseka okungakumbi.

Ukusonjululwa Kweengxabano

Ukusonjululwa kweengxabano kwi-JBCC:

I-JBCC isebenzisa inkqubo yemveli:

Isigqibo se-Principal Agent — Isigqibo sokuqala yi-Principal Agent
Adjudication — Iingxabano zinokudluliselwa kwi-adjudication
Arbitration — Isigqibo sokugqibela nge-arbitration
Litigation — Kunokusiwa enkundleni ukuba i-arbitration ayiphumelelanga

Le nkqubo inokuba nde kwaye ibe ngongquzulwano, neengxabano zihlala zinyukela kwi-arbitration okanye enkundleni.

Ukusonjululwa kweengxabano kwi-NEC:

I-NEC inenkqubo ecwangciswe ngakumbi:

Early warning — Iingxaki zichongwa kusenesikhathi
Isigqibo se-Project Manager — Isigqibo sokuqala yi-Project Manager
Adjudication — Iingxabano zidluliselwa kwi-adjudication (ikhawuleza kune-arbitration)
Arbitration/Litigation — Isisombululo sokugqibela xa kufuneka

Inkqubo ye-early warning ye-NEC inceda ukuthintela iingxabano, kwaye i-adjudication idla ngokukhawuleza kune-arbitration.

Ukusonjululwa kweengxabano kwi-GCC:

I-GCC isebenzisa inkqubo esemthethweni:

Isigqibo soNjineli — Isigqibo sokuqala sisuka kuNjineli
Dispute Adjudication Board — Ingasetyenziswa i-DAB kwiingxabano
Arbitration — Isisombululo sokugqibela nge-arbitration
Litigation — Kungasiwa enkundleni

Inkqubo ye-GCC isemthethweni kwaye inokuba nde, iingxabano zisoloko zifuna i-arbitration.

Iimeko Eziqhelekileyo Zokusetyenziswa

I-JBCC ilungele:

Uphuhliso lwezindlu zabucala
Iiprojekthi zokwakha zorhwebo
Uphuhliso lwepropathi (ukusuka ekufundekeni kweprojekthi ukuya kunikezelo)
Iiprojekthi apho umthengi efuna ikhontrakthi yemveli neqondwayo
Imisebenzi yokwakha (hayi ubunjineli/iziseko)
Iiprojekthi ezinomda ocacileyo kunye neenguqu ezincinci ezilindelekileyo

I-NEC ilungele:

Iiprojekthi zeziseko zecandelo loluntu
Imisebenzi yobunjineli (iindlela, iibhulorho, amanzi)
Iiprojekthi ezifuna intsebenziswano
Iiprojekthi ezintsonkothileyo ezinokutshintsha kakhulu
Iiprojekthi apho i-early warning nolawulo lomngcipheko luphambili
Iiprojekthi ze-parastatal kunye neemetro

I-GCC ilungele:

Iiprojekthi zamasebe karhulumente (apho inyanzelisiwe)
Iiprojekthi zemveli ze-measure-and-value
Iiprojekthi apho kufuneka indlela esemthethweni yemveli
Imisebenzi yecandelo loluntu enyanzeliswa yi-CIDB
Iiprojekthi ezinomda ocacileyo nobunzima obuncinci
Iziseko zikarhulumente apho kuchaziwe i-GCC

Iindidi Zeeprojekthi

Iindidi zeeprojekthi ze-JBCC:

Izindlu zokuhlala neekompleksi
Izakhiwo zeeofisi zorhwebo
Amaziko okuthenga
Iindawo zokugcina iimpahla zemizi-mveliso
Iiprojekthi zophuhliso lwepropathi
Uhlaziyo lwezakhiwo ne-fit-outs

Iindidi zeeprojekthi ze-NEC:

Ulwakhiwo nokuphuculwa kweendlela
Ulwakhiwo lweebhulorho
Iziseko zamanzi nogutyulo
Iziseko zamandla
Iziseko zikaloliwe
Iziseko zamazibuko
Iiprojekthi zobunjineli ezifuna intsebenziswano

Iindidi zeeprojekthi ze-GCC:

Iiprojekthi zokwakha zikarhulumente
Iziseko zomasipala
Iziseko zamaphondo
Iiprojekthi zamasebe kazwelonke
Imisebenzi yemveli yokwakha
Iiprojekthi zecandelo loluntu ezilawulwa yi-CIDB

Itheyibhile Yothelekiso: JBCC vs NEC vs GCC

Uphawu	JBCC	NEC	GCC
Ukusetyenziswa Okuphambili	Imisebenzi yokwakha yecandelo labucala	Ubunjineli/iziseko zecandelo loluntu	Iiprojekthi zamasebe karhulumente
Isabelo Semarike	60–70% yecandelo labucala	20–30% yecandelo loluntu	40–50% yecandelo loluntu
Ubuninzi Bentlawulo	Iisatifikethi zanyanga zonke	Rhoqo kwiiveki ezimbini (amaxesha amaninzi)	Iisatifikethi zanyanga zonke
Imiqathango Yentlawulo	Iintsuku ezi-14–21	Iyahluka ngokhetho	Iintsuku ezingama-30
Isiseko Sentlawulo	Umsebenzi ogqityiweyo (lump sum)	Imisebenzi/target cost	Measure and value
Retention	5–10% ngokuqhelekileyo	Iyahluka ngokhetho	5–10% ngokuqhelekileyo
Ukwabiwa Komngcipheko	Imveli elinganiselweyo	Intsebenziswano/ekwabelwana ngayo	Umthwalo omkhulu kumkontraka
Ukusonjululwa Kweengxabano	Adjudication -> Arbitration	Early warning -> Adjudication	DAB -> Arbitration
Inkqubo Yeenguqu	Imiyalelo esemthethweni yeenguqu	Compensation events	Imiyalelo esemthethweni yeenguqu
Inkqubo Ye-Early Warning	Hayi	Ewe (inyanzelisiwe)	Hayi
Indlela Yentsebenziswano	Ephakathi	Ephezulu	Ephantsi
Ubunzima	Ephakathi	Ephezulu	Ephakathi
Ixabiso Leprojekthi Eliqhelekileyo	R500K – R100M+	R10M – R1B+	R1M – R500M+
Elungele Kakhulu	Iiprojekthi zokwakha zabucala	Iziseko/ubunjineli boluntu	Imisebenzi yamasebe karhulumente
Ulawulo Lwekhontrakthi	Principal Agent	Project Manager	Engineer
Ulongezo Lwexesha	Ukulibaziseka okuxolelwayo	Compensation events	Iimangalo ze-extension of time

Xa Kufuneka Usebenzise Yeyiphi Ikhontrakthi

Sebenzisa i-JBCC Xa:

Usebenza kwicandelo labucala — I-JBCC ngumgangatho wemisebenzi yokwakha yabucala
Iprojekthi yakho yeyokwakha — Izakhiwo zokuhlala, zorhwebo, okanye zoshishino
Ufuna ikhontrakthi eqondakala kakuhle — I-JBCC iqhelekile kwoonokontraka abaninzi baseMzantsi Afrika
Umthengi wakho ukhetha indlela yemveli — Abathengi babucala abaninzi bayayazi i-JBCC
Wenza uphuhliso lwepropathi — I-JBCC ifanelekile kwiiprojekthi zophuhliso
Umda weprojekthi ucacile — I-JBCC isebenza kakuhle xa iinguqu zincinci

Imizekelo yeeprojekthi: Uphuhliso lweekhaya, isakhiwo seeofisi zorhwebo, iziko lokuthenga, ulwakhiwo lwewarehouse.

Sebenzisa i-NEC Xa:

Usebenzela ii-parastatals okanye iimetrо — I-SANRAL, Eskom, Transnet, City of Cape Town, ne-City of Johannesburg zihlala zinyanzelisa i-NEC
Iprojekthi yakho yeyeziseko okanye yobunjineli — Iindlela, iibhulorho, amanzi, amandla
Udinga intsebenziswano — Inkqubo ye-early warning ye-NEC ikhuthaza ukusebenza ngokudibeneyo
Iprojekthi yakho inamandla aphezulu eenguqu — I-NEC ilawula iinguqu nge-compensation events
Ufuna iintlawulo ezikhawulezayo — Iiseyikile zentlawulo ze-NEC zihlala zixhaphake
Ulawulo lomngcipheko luphambili — I-early warning inceda ukulawula umngcipheko kusenesikhathi

Imizekelo yeeprojekthi: Uphuculo lwendlela ye-SANRAL, i-substation ye-Eskom, iziseko zamanzi zemetro, iziseko zikaloliwe.

Sebenzisa i-GCC Xa:

Usebenzela amasebe karhulumente — I-GCC idla ngokunyanzeliswa kwiiprojekthi zikazwelonke/zephondo
Iprojekthi yakho ilawulwa yi-CIDB — I-GCC iyafuneka kwiiprojekthi ezininzi ze-CIDB
Wenza umsebenzi wemveli we-measure-and-value — I-GCC ifanelekile kule ndlela yemveli
Umthengi wakho ucacisa i-GCC — Abanye abathengi bayinyanzelisa ukuze kubekho ukungaguquguquki
Uqhelene nomngcipheko omkhulu kumkontraka — I-GCC ibeka umngcipheko omkhulu kumkontraka
Kufuneka iinkqubo ezisemthethweni — I-GCC inika ulawulo lwekhontrakthi olusesikweni

Imizekelo yeeprojekthi: Iprojekthi yokwakha karhulumente, iziseko zomasipala, imisebenzi yeendlela yephondo, ulwakhiwo lwamasebe kazwelonke.

Iisatifikethi Zentlawulo Phantsi Kohlobo Lwekhontrakthi Nganye

Ukuqonda indlela iisatifikethi zentlawulo ezisebenza ngayo phantsi kwefomu nganye yekhontrakthi kubalulekile kwi-cash flow. Kumanyathelo athile e-JBCC, bona isikhokelo sethu se-JBCC payment certificate. Kwisishwankathelo esibanzi, bona progress payment certificates eMzantsi Afrika. Ngezantsi yindlela inkqubo nganye ephatha ukuqinisekiswa.

Iisatifikethi Zentlawulo ze-JBCC

Inkqubo:

Uxabiso lwenyanga — Umkontraka ungenisa ibango lwenyanga lomsebenzi ogqityiweyo
Uvavanyo lwe-Principal Agent — I-Principal Agent (umakhi okanye i-QS) uvavanya umsebenzi aze akhuphe i-Interim Payment Certificate (IPC)
Okuqukethwe sisatifikethi — I-IPC iquka:
- Umsebenzi ogqityiweyo ukuza kuthi ga ngoku
- Izinto ezikwindawo yomsebenzi
- Ukutsalwa kwe-retention (ngokuqhelekileyo 5–10%)
- Iintlawulo zangaphambili
- Isixa semali esifanele ukuhlawulwa
Intlawulo — Umthengi uhlawula phakathi kweentsuku ezi-14–21 emva kokukhutshwa kwesatifikethi
Isatifikethi sokugqibela — Emva kokugqitywa okusebenzayo, kukhutshwa i-Final Payment Certificate

Iimpawu eziphambili:

Iisatifikethi zikhutshwa ngenyanga
I-retention ikhutshwa ngamanyathelo (isiqingatha xa kugqitywa ngokusebenzayo, esinye ekupheleni kwexesha le-defects liability)
Iinguqu ziqukwa kwiisatifikethi xa zivunyiwe
Imiqathango yentlawulo: iintsuku ezi-14–21 emva kokukhutshwa kwesatifikethi

Imingeni:

Ukulibaziseka xa i-Principal Agent engakhuphi iisatifikethi ngexesha
Iingxabano zoxabiso zinokulibazisa iintlawulo
I-retention inokubopha i-cash flow eninzi

Iisatifikethi Zentlawulo ze-NEC

Inkqubo:

Ukugqitywa kwemisebenzi — Umkontraka ugqiba imisebenzi (okanye ufikelele kwiindawo eziphambili ze-target cost)
Uvavanyo lwe-Project Manager — I-Project Manager uvavanya umsebenzi ogqityiweyo
Isatifikethi sentlawulo — I-Project Manager ukhupha isatifikethi sentlawulo (amaxesha amaninzi rhoqo kwiiveki ezimbini)
Okuqukethwe sisatifikethi — Kuquka:
- Ixabiso lemisebenzi egqityiweyo
- Ipesenti ye-target cost (ukuba yi-Option C/D)
- I-retention (ukuba iyasebenza)
- Iintlawulo zangaphambili
- Isixa semali esifanele ukuhlawulwa
Intlawulo — Umthengi uhlawula ngaphakathi kwexesha elichazwe kwikhontrakthi
Iakhawunti yokugqibela — I-final account ilungiswa emva kokugqitywa

Iimpawu eziphambili:

Iiseyikile zentlawulo ezixhaphakileyo (rhoqo kwiiveki ezimbini)
Isiseko semisebenzi okanye i-target cost
I-early warning inceda ukuthintela iingxabano zentlawulo
Indlela yentsebenziswano inciphisa ukulibaziseka

Imingeni:

Inzima ngakumbi ukuyilawula (ifuna ukulandelwa kwemisebenzi)
Ifuna ukubandakanyeka okusebenzayo kwe-Project Manager
Iindlela ze-target cost zifuna ukulandelwa kweendleko

Iisatifikethi Zentlawulo ze-GCC

Inkqubo:

Umlinganiselo wenyanga — Unjineli ulinganisa umsebenzi ogqityiweyo ngenyanga
Isatifikethi sonjineli — Unjineli ukhupha isatifikethi sentlawulo yenyanga
Okuqukethwe sisatifikethi — Kuquka:
- Ixabiso lomsebenzi olinganisiweyo
- Izinto ezikwindawo yomsebenzi
- Ukutsalwa kwe-retention (ngokuqhelekileyo 5–10%)
- Iintlawulo zangaphambili
- Isixa semali esifanele ukuhlawulwa
Intlawulo — Umthengi uhlawula ngaphakathi kweentsuku ezingama-30 emva kwesatifikethi
Isatifikethi sokugqibela — Emva kokugqitywa kukhutshwa i-Final Payment Certificate

Iimpawu eziphambili:

Inkqubo yemilinganiselo esemthethweni
Iisatifikethi zenyanga
I-retention ikhutshwa ngamanyathelo
Imiqathango yentlawulo: iintsuku ezingama-30 (inde kune-JBCC)

Imingeni:

Imiqathango yentlawulo ecothayo (iintsuku ezingama-30)
Inkqubo yemilinganiselo inokutya ixesha
Iingxabano zemilinganiselo zinokulibazisa iintlawulo

Kutheni Iispredishithi Nezixhobo Ezingadityaniswanga Zisilela

Ulawulo lweekhontrakthi ze-JBCC, NEC, ne-GCC ngeespredishithi kunye nesoftware ye-accounting jikelele lwenza umngcipheko onokuphepheka. Ikhontrakthi nganye ineefomathi ezahlukeneyo zesatifikethi, imiqathango yentlawulo, kunye nemithetho ye-variation okanye ye-compensation-event. Ukuphatha iiprojekthi ezininzi ngeentlobo ezahlukeneyo zeekhontrakthi kwi-Excel kudla ngokubangela iimpazamo zeefomula, imihla ye-retention release ephosakeleyo, kunye neesatifikethi ezingahambelani neemfuno zekhontrakthi. Iiplatifomu zokwakha zase-US okanye zaseYurophu zihlala zingazixhasi ngokwendalo iifomu zekhontrakthi zase-SA; zicinga ngezakhiwo zentlawulo namagama ahlukeneyo. Koonokontraka nabaphuhlisi abalawula umsebenzi wabucala (JBCC) nowoluntu (NEC okanye GCC), iqonga elinye eliqonda zonke ezi ntlobo zintathu linciphisa iimpazamo kwaye ligcina i-cash flow ibonakala.

Imibuzo Ebuzwa Rhoqo

Ndingasebenzisa i-JBCC kwiprojekthi yecandelo loluntu?

Ngokuqhelekileyo, hayi. Iiprojekthi zecandelo loluntu zihlala zinyanzelisa i-NEC (yee-parastatals neemetro) okanye i-GCC (yamasebe karhulumente). Nangona kunjalo, ezinye iiprojekthi zoluntu ezincinci okanye ezineemfuno ezithile zinokuvumela i-JBCC. Soloko ujonga amaxwebhu etender - aya kucacisa ifomu yekhontrakthi efunekayo.

Yintoni umahluko phakathi kwe-JBCC Principal Building Agreement ne-Minor Works Agreement?

I-Principal Building Agreement (PBA) yikhontrakthi epheleleyo ye-JBCC yeeprojekthi ezihlala zingaphezu kwe-R500,000. Iquka imimiselo epheleleyo yeenguqu, ulongezo lwexesha, kunye nokusonjululwa kweengxabano. I-Minor Works Agreement yinguqulelo elula yeeprojekthi ezincinci ezingaphantsi kwe-R500,000, enenkqubo ezilula neemfuno ezisesikweni ezimbalwa.

Kutheni ii-parastatals zikhetha i-NEC ngaphezu kwe-GCC?

Ii-parastatals ezifana ne-SANRAL, Eskom, ne-Transnet zikhetha i-NEC kuba:

Indlela yentsebenziswano — Inkqubo ye-early warning ye-NEC ikhuthaza intsebenziswano kwaye inciphisa iingxabano
Ulawulo olungcono lomngcipheko — I-early warning inceda ukubona nokulawula umngcipheko kusenesikhathi
Iintlawulo ezikhawulezayo — Iiseyikile zentlawulo ezixhaphakileyo ziphucula i-cash flow yomkontraka
Umgangatho wamazwe ngamazwe — I-NEC isetyenziswa kwihlabathi jikelele, nto leyo enika ukungaguquguquki koonokontraka bamazwe ngamazwe
Ukuguquguquka — I-NEC ineendlela ezahlukeneyo zekhontrakthi (lump sum, target cost, cost reimbursable) ezihambelana neentlobo zeeprojekthi ezahlukeneyo

Ndingatshintsha ifomu yekhontrakthi phakathi neprojekthi?

Hayi. Emva kokuba ikhontrakthi ityikityiwe, ubotshiwe yile fomu kude kuphele iprojekthi. Ukutshintsha ifomu phakathi neprojekthi kungafuna ukuphelisa ikhontrakthi ekhoyo nokungena entsha, nto leyo engasoloko inokwenzeka okanye icebisa. Khetha ngononophelo ekuqaleni kweprojekthi.

Ndazi njani ukuba yeyiphi ifomu yekhontrakthi ekufuneka ndiyisebenzise?

Ifomu idla ngokuchazwa kumaxwebhu etender okanye kwibrif yeprojekthi. Kwicandelo labucala lokwakha, i-JBCC yinto eqhelekileyo; kwiziseko zecandelo loluntu, jonga ukuba umthengi unyanzelisa i-NEC okanye i-GCC. Ukuba awuqinisekanga, thetha negqwetha lomthetho wokwakha okanye i-quantity surveyor enolwazi ngeefomu zekhontrakthi zaseMzantsi Afrika.

Kwenzeka ntoni xa ndisebenzisa ifomu yekhontrakthi engachanekanga?

Ukusebenzisa ifomu engachanekanga kunemiphumo enzima:

Ukukhutshwa kwitender — Iitender zecandelo loluntu zihlala zingamkeli iibhidi ezingasebenzisi ifomu echaziweyo
Ukulibaziseka kweentlawulo — Ifomu engachanekanga ibangela ukudideka kunye nokulibaziseka
Imingcipheko yeengxabano — Iifomu zabela umngcipheko ngokwahlukileyo; engachanekanga inokushiya icala lakho lingakhuselekanga
Imiba yokuthotyelwa — Ezinye iiprojekthi zifuna ngokomthetho iifomu ezithile (umz. iiprojekthi ze-CIDB)

Soloko usebenzisa ifomu echazwe kumaxwebhu etender okanye kwisivumelwano seprojekthi.

Ngaba i-Wakha ixhasa zonke ezi ntlobo zintathu zekhontrakthi?

Ewe. I-Wakha ixhasa ukuveliswa kweesatifikethi zentlawulo ze-JBCC, NEC, ne-GCC, ulawulo lweenguqu, kunye neenkqubo zolawulo lwekhontrakthi kwinkqubo enye, ngeefomathi zesatifikethi ezikhethekileyo kuhlobo ngalunye.

Isiphelo

Ukukhetha ifomu yekhontrakthi efanelekileyo — JBCC vs NEC vs GCC — kubalulekile ekuhanjisweni kweprojekthi eMzantsi Afrika. I-JBCC ilawula ulwakhiwo lwabucala; i-NEC ikhula kwiziseko zecandelo loluntu nobunjineli; i-GCC isahleli ngumgangatho wemisebenzi yamasebe karhulumente nemisebenzi enyanzeliswa yi-CIDB. Nganye yabela umngcipheko neenkqubo zentlawulo ngokwahlukileyo. Ukuhambelanisa ikhontrakthi neprojekthi nomthengi kuthintela ukulibaziseka kweentlawulo, iingxabano, nokukhutshwa kwitender.

Lawula iisatifikethi zentlawulo ze-JBCC, NEC, ne-GCC, i-retention, kunye neenguqu kwiqonga elinye elakhiwe ngokukodwa ulwakhiwo lwaseMzantsi Afrika. Bona indlela i-Wakha exhasa ngayo zonke ezi ntlobo zintathu zekhontrakthi.

Amanqaku ahambelanayo