Iizatifiketi Zentlawulo Yophumo eMzantsi Afrika | Ikhokelo Epheleleyo

Iintlawulo ezithi nkqi zibiza abaqeshisi baseMzantsi Afrika izigidi ezininzi zemali minyaka ngeminyaka. Amashishini okwakha atyala izinto, abasebenzi neendleko eziphezulu phambili, emva koko alinde intlawulo ngokusekelwe kumsebenzi ogqityiweyo. Loo msantsa wemali eziyayo neziphumayo ukhokelela kwingxabano, ubudlelwane obuqine nokungakhuli, ngexesha ngexesha ukungabi namali. Iizatifiketi zentlawulo yophumo eMzantsi Afrika ziyindlela esenza umsantsa: zinika abaqeshisi iintlawulo ezihlelekileyo, eziqhelekileyo phantsi kweemthetho ze-JBCC, NEC ne-GCC. Xa iizatifiketi zithi nkqi, zilinganiswa phantsi okanye zingxatyelwa, imali eziyayo neziphumayo iyahlupheka kwaye iiprojekthi ziyema.

Esi khokelo sichaza ukuba zeziphi iizatifiketi zentlawulo yophumo, zisebenza njani phantsi kwendlela nganye yomthetho yaseMzantsi Afrika, nantoni ekuyo kwiibalo, impazamo neengxabano eziqhelekileyo, nendlela yokuphatha inkqubo ukuze ufumane intlawulo ngexesha.

Yintoni Isatifiketi Sentlawulo Yophumo?

Isatifiketi sentlawulo yophumo sisixhobo esisemthethweni esikhutshwa ngumphathi oyinhloko (umakhi wezakhiwo, unjineli, okanye umlinganisi wobungakanani) esiqinisekisa ixabiso lomsebenzi ogqityiweyo ngumqeshisi size sivume intlawulo ngumqeshisi. Isatifiketi sisebenza njengembhalo yoxabiso nomyalelo wentlawulo.

Imiba ebalulekileyo:

Umbhalo woxabiso — Sichaza ixabiso lomsebenzi ogqityiweyo ukuza kuthi ga
Umyalelo wentlawulo — Uvumela intlawulo yemali eqinisekisiweyo
Esibophelelayo ngokomthetho — Sidalela isibopho kuqeshisi ukuhlawula
Amaxesha aqhelekileyo — Sikhutshwa ngenyanga okanye ngamaxesha acacisiweyo ngumthetho
Inani elingenanto — Libonisa imali efanelekileyo emva kokukhuphwa

Iizatifiketi zentlawulo ziyindlela apho abaqeshisi bafumana iintlawulo eziqhelekileyo kulo lonke iprojekthi, kunokulinda de kugqitywe. Zikhutshwa phantsi kweefomathi zomthetho eziqhelekileyo ezisetyenziswa eMzantsi Afrika: JBCC (Joint Building Contracts Committee), NEC (New Engineering Contract), ne-GCC (General Conditions of Contract).

Iizatifiketi Zentlawulo Yophumo eMzantsi Afrika: JBCC, NEC ne-GCC

Ukwakha waseMzantsi Afrika usebenzisa iindlela ezintathu eziyinhloko zomthetho, enye nganye ineenkqubo zentlawulo ezahlukileyo kancinci. Ukuqhathanisa xa kufuneka usebenzise enye nganye, bona iimthetho ze-JBCC vs NEC vs GCC.

Iizatifiketi Zentlawulo Ye-JBCC Ephakathi

Phantsi kwe-JBCC PBA 2018 (Principal Building Agreement), iizatifiketi zentlawulo ephakathi zikhutshwa ngenyanga kulo lonke ixesha lokwakha.

Inkqubo:

Umqeshisi uthumela isimangalo sentlawulo ngosuku oacacisiweyo (ngokuthi 25th yenyanga)
Umphathi oyinhloko uhlola umsebenzi ogqityiweyo
Umphathi oyinhloko ukhupha isatifiketi phakathi kweentsuku ezi-7-14
Uqeshisi uhlawula phakathi kweentsuku ezi-14 zosuku lwesatifiketi

Isatifiketi siqulethe:

Ixabiso elipheleleyo lomsebenzi ogqityiweyo
Ixabiso leenguqu
Ixabiso elipheleleyo siphela
Ukukhuphwa kokugcina (ngokuthi 5-10%)
Iintlawulo zangaphambili ezikhuphiweyo
Inani elingenanto elifanelekileyo

Ukukhulula ukugcina:

50% ikhululwa ekugqityweni okusebenzayo (isatifiketi sokugqibela esingekho)
I-50% esele ikhululwa ekugqityweni okugqibeleleyo (isatifiketi sokugqibela)

Uvavanyo Lwentlawulo lwe-NEC

Phantsi kwe-NEC4 (New Engineering Contract), umphathi weprojekthi uhlola intlawulo ngenyanga uze akhupho iizatifiketi zentlawulo.

Inkqubo:

Umqeshisi uthumela isicelo sentlawulo
Umphathi weprojekthi uhlola intlawulo efanelekileyo
Umphathi weprojekthi ukhupha isatifiketi sentlawulo
Uqeshisi uhlawula phakathi kweekota ezi-3 zosuku lovavanyo

Isatifiketi siqulethe:

Ixabiso lomsebenzi owenziweyo ukuza kuthi ga
Iimali ezifanelekileyo zeenguqu (iintlawulo)
Iimali eziza kuhlawulwa okanye zilungiswe
Ukugcina (ukuba kusebenza)
Iintlawulo zangaphambili
Inani elingenanto elifanelekileyo

Ukwahluka okuyinhloko ku-JBCC:

Inkqubo yovavanyo ethe nkqo
Iinguqu (iintlawulo) ziphatheka ngokwahlukileyo
Iindlela zokugcina ezahlukileyo
Ixesha lentlawulo elifutshane (iiveki ezi-3 kunentsuku ezi-14)

Iizatifiketi Zentlawulo ze-GCC

Phantsi kwe-GCC 2015 (General Conditions of Contract), umphathi oyinhloko ukhupha iizatifiketi zentlawulo ngenyanga.

Inkqubo:

Umqeshisi uthumela isimangalo sentlawulo
Umphathi oyinhloko uhlola umsebenzi ogqityiweyo
Umphathi oyinhloko ukhupha isatifiketi
Uqeshisi uhlawula phakathi kwexesha licacisiweyo ngumthetho (ngokuthi 14-30 iintsuku)

Isatifiketi siqulethe:

Ixabiso lomsebenzi ogqityiweyo
Ixabiso leenguqu
Ukukhuphwa kokugcina
Iintlawulo zangaphambili
Inani elingenanto elifanelekileyo

Ukukhulula ukugcina:

Ngokuthi likhululwa ekugqityweni okusebenzayo nasekugqityweni okugqibeleleyo
Amagama athile ahluka ngomthetho

Ubomi Besatifiketi Sentlawulo

Ukuqonda ubomi bupheleleyo kunceda ulawule inkqubo ngendlela ephumelelayo uze uyeke ukubambezeleka.

Isigaba 1: Isimangalo Sentlawulo Somqeshisi

Inkqubo iqala xa umqeshisi ethumela isimangalo sentlawulo (esibizwa nangokuba sisicelo sentlawulo okanye uxabiso).

Okuqulethe isimangalo:

Isitatimende somsebenzi ogqityiweyo ngexesha elithile
Iiphepha zokulinganisa okanye imibhalo exhasayo
Iinkcukacha zeenguqu ezifunwayo
Izinto ezindaweni (ukuba kusebenza)
Naluphi na elinye inani elifunwayo (izinto zokuqala, izilungiso, njl.)

Ixesha:

Kufuneka ithunyelwe ngexesha lomthetho (ngokuthi 25th yenyanga ye-JBCC)
Iimangalo ezithi nkqi zinokuthi zingafakwa kwisatifiketi sangoku
Faka wonke umsebenzi ogqityiweyo ukuza kusuku lwesimangalo

Iindlela ezingcono:

Thumela iimangalo ngexesha, lonke ixesha
Faka imibhalo exhasayo eneenkcukacha
Chaza ngokucacileyo iinguqu nomsebenzi owongeziweyo
Sebenzisa iindlela zokulinganisa eziqhelekileyo
Gcina iikopi zazo zonke iimangalo ezithunyelweyo

Isigaba 2: Uvavanyo Ngumphathi Oyinhloko

Umphathi oyinhloko (okanye umphathi weprojekthi phantsi kwe-NEC) uhlola isimangalo somqeshisi.

Inkqubo yovavanyo:

Ukuhlola kwendawo ukuze uqiniseke umsebenzi ogqityiweyo
Ukulinganisa ubungakanani obugqityiweyo
Uxabiso usebenzise amaxabiso omthetho
Uvavanyo lwekhwaliti yomsebenzi
Uxabiso lweenguqu
Ukubalwa kokugcina
Ukukhuphwa kweentlawulo zangaphambili

Imigago yovavanyo:

Umsebenzi kufuneka ugqitywe ngemigago yomthetho
Ubungakanani bulinganiswe ngokuchaneka
Amaxabiso asebenzise kwimthetho okanye amaxabiso avumelweyo
Iinguqu zivumelelwe ngendlela efanelekileyo
Ukugcina kubalwe ngokuchaneka
Iintlawulo zangaphambili zibalwe

Ixesha:

Kufuneka sigqitywe ngexesha lomthetho (ngokuthi 7-14 iintsuku)
Uvavanyo oluthi nkqi lubambezelela iintlawulo
Uvavanyo oluqinileyo luyalela iingxabano

Isigaba 3: Ukukhutshwa Kwesatifiketi

Umphathi oyinhloko ukhupha isatifiketi sentlawulo.

Okuqulethe isatifiketi:

Inombolo yesatifiketi nosuku
Igama leprojekthi nenombolo yomthetho
Ixesha eliqulathiweyo
Ixabiso elipheleleyo lomsebenzi ogqityiweyo
Ixabiso leenguqu
Ixabiso elipheleleyo siphela
Ukugcina okukhuphiweyo
Iintlawulo zangaphambili ezikhuphiweyo
Inani elingenanto elifanelekileyo
Usuku lwentlawulo elifanelekileyo

Ifomati yesatifiketi:

Ukubonakaliswa kobuchwepheshe, okucacileyo
Zonke iibalo zibonisiwe
Iishedyuli zoxhaso ezincanyathiselwe (ukuba kuyafuneka)
Isayinwe ngumphathi oyinhloko
Iikopi zabelwe zonke iinxenye

Ixesha:

Kufuneka sikhutshwe ngexesha lomthetho
Iizatifiketi ezithi nkqi ziyaphula amagama omthetho
Idala isibopho sentlawulo kuqeshisi

Isigaba 4: Intlawulo Ngumqeshisi

Uqeshisi uhlawula imali eqinisekisiweyo.

Iimfuno zentlawulo:

Kuhlawulwe ngosuku olucacisiweyo kwisatifiketi
Kuhlawulwe ipheleleyo (ngaphandle kokukhuphwa okuyiyo)
Kuhlawulwe kwi-akhawunti ecetyiweyo yomqeshisi
Ukuqinisekiswa kwentlawulo kunikezelwe

Ixesha:

JBCC: 14 iintsuku ukusuka kosuku lwesatifiketi
NEC: Iiveki ezi-3 ukusuka kosuku lovavanyo
GCC: Ixesha licacisiwe ngumthetho (ngokuthi 14-30 iintsuku)

Imiphumela yentlawulo ethi nkqi:

Ukuphula umthetho
Intlawulo kwiimali ezithi nkqi (ukuba umthetho unika)
Ukumisa umsebenzi ngumqeshisi (okunokwenzeka)
Ukulimaza ubudlelwane

Nantoni Efakwe Kwiizatifiketi Zentlawulo

Ukuqonda nantoni efakwayo kunceda ulungiselele iimangalo ezinembayo uze uqonde iibalo zesatifiketi.

Umsebenzi Owenziwe

Inxenye eyinhloko ngumsebenzi owenziwe ngokwenene ngexesha elithile.

Okuqulethe:

Umsebenzi ogqityiweyo ngemigago yomthetho
Ubungakanani obulinganisiweyo ngamaxabiso omthetho
Izinto zokuqala (ukumiswa kwendawo, izinto eziphezulu) ngokulinganayo
Umsebenzi ogqityiweyo kodwa ongakalinganiswa (ngenixabiso loxanduva)

Okuphumileyo:

Umsebenzi ongakaqali
Umsebenzi onobugcisa (de ulungiswe)
Umsebenzi ongahlangabezani nemigago yomthetho
Umsebenzi ngaphandle kombandela womthetho (ngaphandle kwenguqu evumelelweyo)

Iindlela zoxabiso:

Amaxabiso ebhili yobungakanani — Sebenzisa amaxabiso kwibhili yokuqala
Ihedyuli yamaxabiso — Sebenzisa amaxabiso kwishedyuli
Uxabiso olulinganayo — Kokokuqala neziphezulu
Iimali zoxanduva — Komsebenzi oqulethe iimali zoxanduva

Izinto Zindaweni

Eminye imithetho ivumela intlawulo yezinto ezithunyelwe kwindawo kodwa ezingakafakwa emsebenzini.

JBCC:

Izinto zindaweni zinokufakwa ukuba umthetho unika
Ngokuthi zilinganiselwe kuzinto ezithile (umzekelo, insimbi yezakhiwo, ikhonkrithi ephambili)
Kufuneka zigcinwe ngendlela efanelekileyo zigcinwe
Ixabiso lilinganiselwe kumaxabiso omthetho

NEC:

Izinto zindaweni ziphatheka ngokwahlukileyo
Zinokufakwa kuvavanyo lentlawulo
Ziphantsi kwamagama omthetho

GCC:

Izinto zindaweni ngokuthi azifakwanga
Intlawulo kuphela komsebenzi ogqityiweyo

Iindlela ezingcono:

Khangela amagama omthetho ngeenkcukacha zezinto zindaweni
Bhala phantsi izinto ezithunyelweyo ngeefoto nerekhodi
Gcina izinto ngendlela efanelekileyo ukuze ugcine ikhwaliti
Funa izinto zindaweni kuphela ukuba umthetho uyavumela

Iinguqu

Iinguqu ziyiinguqu kwimbandela yokuqala yomthetho, ixabiso, okanye iimeko.

Okuqulethe kwiizatifiketi:

Imiyalelo yeenguqu evumelelweyo ephunyelelweyo ngexesha elithile
Iinguqu ezixabisiweyo usebenzise iindlela zomthetho
Iinguqu zoxanduva (ukuba umthetho uyavumela)

Okuphumileyo:

Iinguqu evumelelweyo kodwa ezingakaphunyelelwa
Umsebenzi ongavumelelwanga (azingooguqu)
Iinguqu ezingakaxabisiwa

Iindlela zoxabiso:

Amaxabiso ebhili — Usebenzise amaxabiso kwibhili yokuqala yobungakanani
Amaxabiso alungileyo — Amaxabiso axoxiweyo komsebenzi ongagulwanga ngamaxabiso ebhili
Iindleko + — Iindleko zinyani + iphesenti yezinto eziphezulu nenenzuzo

Ukugcina

Ukugcina yiphesenti yemali yentlawulo epheleleyo egcinwe njengekhuseleko.

Amanqanaba okugcina:

Ngokuthi 5-10% yexabiso elipheleleyo
Ayahluka ngomthetho nohlobo lweprojekthi
Isetyenziswa kuxabiso elipheleleyo kuquka iinguqu

Ukuqokelela kokugcina:

Ukugcina kuqokelela kulo lonke iprojekthi
Ukugcina siphela = isambuku sokukhuphwa kokugcina konke
Sikhululwa ngeenqanaba (ngokuthi 50% ekugqityweni okusebenzayo, 50% ekugqityweni okugqibeleleyo)

Injongo yokugcina:

Ukhuseleko lobugcisa ngexesha lokugcina lobugcisa
Ukhuseleko komsebenzi ongagqitywanga
Ukukhusela uqeshisi

Iintlawulo Zangaphambili

Zonke iintlawulo zangaphambili kufuneka zikhuphwe kwisatifiketi sangoku.

Okuqulethe:

Zonke iizatifiketi zentlawulo ephakathi zangaphambili
Iintlawulo zaphambili (ukuba kukho)
Iintlawulo zithe ngqo ngumqeshisi
Naluphi na elinye intlawulo phantsi komthetho

Ukulandelela intlawulo:

Gcina irekhodi elinembayo lazo zonke iintlawulo
Qinisekisa ukungabikho kokubala kabini
Bala izilungiso zentlawulo okanye ukulungisa
Qinisekisa ukuba irekhodi lentlawulo iyahambelana neestatimendi zebhanki

Izilungiso Nolungiso

Izilungiso ezininzi zinokufakwa okanye zikhuphwe.

Izilungiso eziqhelekileyo:

Ukuguquguquka (ukuba umthetho unika)
Ukubuyiswa kwentlawulo yaphambili
Ukukhuphwa kobugcisa (ukuba umthetho uyavumela)
Ukukhuphwa (ukuba umthetho uyavumela)
Intlawulo kwiintlawulo ezithi nkqi (ukuba kusebenza)

Umbhalo wezilungiso:

Zonke izilungiso kufuneka zibhalwe phantsi ngendlela efanelekileyo
Amagama omthetho kufuneka avumele izilungiso
Izilungiso kufuneka zichazwe kwisatifiketi

Impazamo Neengxabano Eziqhelekileyo

Impazamo neengxabano zeesatifiketi zentlawulo zibiza kwaye zithatha ixesha. Ukuqonda iingxaki eziqhelekileyo kunceda uziphephe. Xa iintlawulo zithi nkqi nangona iizatifiketi zilungile, bona iintlawulo ezithi nkqi kokwakha ngamalungelo omthetho nokunyusa.

Impazamo 1: Iimangalo Zentlawulo Ezithi Nkqi

Ingxaki: Umqeshisi uthumela isimangalo sentlawulo emva kwexesha lomthetho.

Ithonya:

Isimangalo sinokuthi singafakwa kwisatifiketi sangoku
Intlawulo ithi nkqi ukuya kwixesha lesatifiketi elilandelayo
Ithonya kwimali eziyayo neziphumayo
Ukuphula umthetho okunokwenzeka

Ukuqonda:

Misela izikhumbuzi ngexesha lokuThumela
Lungiselela iimangalo phambili
Thumela iimangalo kwasekuqaleni, ungathi ngexesha lokugqibela
Sebenzisa iinkqubo ezenzekelayo ukulandelela amaxesha okugqibela

Impazamo 2: Imibhalo Engaphelelanga

Ingxaki: Isimangalo sentlawulo asinambhalo oxhasayo.

Ithonya:

Umphathi oyinhloko akanakuhlola isimangalo ngendlela efanelekileyo
Uxabiso ophantsi lomsebenzi
Ukubambezeleka kokukhutshwa kwesatifiketi
Iingxabano ngeemali

Ukuqonda:

Faka iiphepha zokulinganisa ezineteenkcukacha
Nika iifoto zomsebenzi ogqityiweyo
Bhala phantsi iinguqu ngendlela efanelekileyo
Gcina irekhodi elicacileyo

Impazamo 3: Iibalo Zokugcina Ezingalunganga

Ingxaki: Ukugcina kubalwe ngendlela engalunganga.

Ithonya:

Ukugcina okugqithileyo kunciphisa imali eziyayo neziphumayo
Ukugcina okuphantsi kuveza uqeshisi
Iingxabano ngeemali zokugcina
Iingxaki ze-akhawunti yokugqibela

Ukuqonda:

Qonda amagama omthetho okugcina
Bala ukugcina ngokuchaneka kuxabiso elipheleleyo
Landelela ukuqokelela kokugcina ngokuchaneka
Qinisekisa iibalo zokugcina

Impazamo 4: Iingxabano Zoxabiso Lweenguqu

Ingxaki: Ukungavani ngamaxabiso eenguqu okanye imbandela.

Ithonya:

Iintlawulo zeenguqu zithi nkqi
Ithonya kwimali eziyayo neziphumayo
Iingxabano nokuhlolwa okunokwenzeka
Ukubambezeleka kweprojekthi

Ukuqonda:

Fumana imiyalelo yeenguqu phambi komsebenzi
Vumelana namaxabiso phambi kokwenza umsebenzi
Bhala phantsi umsebenzi weenguqu ngokupheleleyo
Faka iinguqu kwiimangalo ngokukhawulezayo

Impazamo 5: Ukukhutshwa Kwesatifiketi Okuthi Nkqi

Ingxaki: Umphathi oyinhloko ukhupha isatifiketi emva kwexesha lomthetho.

Ithonya:

Iintlawulo zithi nkqi
Ukuphula umthetho
Iimangalo zentlawulo okunokwenzeka
Ubudlelwane obuqine

Ukuqonda:

Ukuhlela komphathi oyinhloko nokwabiwa kwempahla
Ukuthumela kwasekuqaleni kwesimangalo somqeshisi
Izikhumbuzi ezenzekelayo neenkqubo
Amaxesha okugqibela omthetho acacileyo

Impazamo 6: Uxabiso Ophantsi Lomsebenzi

Ingxaki: Umphathi oyinhloko uxabisa umsebenzi ngaphantsi kovavanyo lomqeshisi.

Ithonya:

Imali eziyayo neziphumayo ephantsi
Iingxabano ngokulinganisa
Ukuhlolwa okunokwenzeka
Ukubambezeleka kweprojekthi

Ukuqonda:

Imigago yokulinganisa ecacileyo
Iimitingi zendawo eziqhelekileyo
Imibhalo exhasayo eneenkcukacha
Inkqubo elungileyo neecacileyo

Iidijithali vs Iizatifiketi Zentlawulo Ngesandla

Ukukhetha phakathi kweenkqubo zedijithali nezesandla zeezatifiketi zentlawulo sinethonya elikhulu kwindlela, ukuchaneka, nemali eziyayo neziphumayo.

Iizatifiketi Zentlawulo Ngesandla

Inkqubo:

Umqeshisi ulungiselela isimangalo ngesandla (ispredishithi okanye iphepha)
Umphathi oyinhloko uhlola ngesandla
Isatifiketi sityaywe okanye sibhalwe ngesandla
Iibalo zenziwe ngesandla
Ukusasazwa nge-imeyili okanye iposi

Iingxaki:

Ithatha ixesha — Iiyure ezichithwa kwiibalo nokulungiselela
Inokona impazamo — Iibalo ngesandla zikhokelela kwimpazamo
Ithatha nkqi — Inkqubo ithatha iintsuku okanye iiveki
Ayihambelani — Iifomati neendlela ezahlukeneyo
Akukho dityaniswa — Zohlukile kulawulo lweprojekthi
Ukulandelela kunzima — Kunzima ukulandelela isimo sentlawulo

Iindleko:

Ixesha lolawulo
Ixesha lokulungisa impazamo
Iintlawulo ezithi nkqi
Iindleko zokuxazulula iingxabano

Iizatifiketi Zentlawulo Zedijithali

Inkqubo:

Umqeshisi uthumela isimangalo ngedijithali
Inkqubo ibala iimali ngokuzenzekelayo
Isatifiketi siveliswa ngokuzenzekelayo
Ukusasazwa kwedijithali nokulandelela
Ukudityaniswa nolawulo lweprojekthi

Iinzuzo:

Ukulondoloza ixesha — Iibalo ezenzekelayo zisusa umsebenzi ngesandla
Ukuchaneka — Iibalo ezenzekelayo zinciphisa impazamo
Isantya — Iizatifiketi ziveliswa ngemizuzu
Ukuqhelekilela — Ifomati neebalo eziqhelekileyo
Ukudityaniswa — Zixhumene nokugqiba umsebenzi, idayari yendawo, iinguqu
Ukulandelela — Ukubonakala kwesimo sentlawulo ngexesha langoko

Iindleko:

Intlawulo yesoftware (ngokuthi R2,000-R7,000/inyanga)
Ixesha loqeqesho (lincinci nesoftware elungileyo)
Ukuphumeza (ngokuthi lukhawuleza)

Imbuyekezo yotyalo:

Ukulondoloza ixesha: 10-20 iiyure ngenyanga kwiprojekthi nganye
Iintlawulo ezikhawulezayo: Ukunciphisa ukubambezeleka kwentlawulo
Ukunciphisa impazamo: Iingxabano neenguqu ezininzi
Imali eziyayo neziphumayo ezingcono: Ukukhutshwa kwesatifiketi okukhawulezayo = iintlawulo ezikhawulezayo

Indlela Isoftware Yokwakha Iphatha Iizatifiketi Zentlawulo Yophumo

Isoftware yolawulo lokwakha eyakhelwe ngenjongo inokususa umsebenzi oninzi ngesandla nempazamo ebulalela iizatifiketi zentlawulo yophumo eMzantsi Afrika. Ipulatifomu efanelekileyo ixhasa i-JBCC, NEC ne-GCC ukuze ifomati yesatifiketi nemigago yokugcina ihambelane nomthetho wakho. Umsebenzi ogqityiweyo, iinguqu nokugcina kubalwa kusuka kwiseti enye yedatha, ngoko uyeka ukungena kabini nempazamo yebalo. Isimo sesatifiketi neentsuku zentlawulo ezifanelekileyo zihlala zibonakala, ngoko unokukhankanya iimali ezithi nkqi phambi kokuba zilimaze imali eziyayo neziphumayo. Xa iizatifiketi zentlawulo yophumo zidibene nophumo lwendawo, iinguqu neebajethi, ufumana umbono unye wezezimali zeprojekthi neengxabano ezimbalwa. Kubakhi nabaphuhlisi abaqhuba imisebenzi emininzi, oku kuthetha ulawulo oluncinci, iizatifiketi ezikhawulezayo neentlawulo ezifika ngexesha.

Imibuzo Ebuzwa Rhoqo

Yintoni umahluko phakathi kwezatifiketi zentlawulo ze-JBCC, NEC ne-GCC?

Imahluko ayinhloko ngala:

JBCC:

Iizatifiketi zenyanga zikhutshwa ngumphathi oyinhloko
Ixesha lentlawulo leentsuku ezi-14
Ukukhulula ukugcina okuqhelekileyo (50% ekugqityweni okusebenzayo, 50% ekugqityweni okugqibeleleyo)
Inkqubo yemiyalelo yeenguqu ecacileyo

NEC:

Uvavanyo lwenyanga ngumphathi weprojekthi
Ixesha lentlawulo leeveki ezi-3
Inkqubo yovavanyo ethe nkqo
Iinguqu (iintlawulo) ziphatheka ngokwahlukileyo

GCC:

Iizatifiketi zentlawulo zenyanga zikhutshwa ngumphathi oyinhloko
Ixesha lentlawulo liyahluka (ngokuthi 14-30 iintsuku)
Amagama okugcina ahluka ngomthetho
Ithe nkqo kuneya JBCC

Ifomati yesatifiketi neendlela zokubala ziyafana, kodwa ixesha, amagama, neenkqubo ezithile ziyahluka. Khetha isoftware exhasa indlela yomthetho yakho.

Ndingafuna izinto zindaweni ezingakafakwa emsebenzini?

Kuya ngomthetho wakho. Imithetho ye-JBCC inokuvumela intlawulo yezinto ezithile zindaweni (umzekelo, insimbi yezakhiwo, ikhonkrithi ephambili) ukuba umthetho unika oku. Imithetho ye-NEC ne-GCC ngokuthi ayivumeli intlawulo yezinto zindaweni. Khangela amagama omthetho wakho — ukuba izinto zindaweni azifakwanga, uza kuhlawulwa kuphela xa izinto zifakwa emsebenzini.

Kwenzeka ntoni ukuba umphathi oyinhloko angakhupheli isatifiketi ngexesha?

Ukuba umphathi oyinhloko engakwazi ukukhupha isatifiketi phakathi kwexesha lomthetho lokugqibela, oku kubonisa ukuphula umthetho. Ungathatha:

Intlawulo kwiimali ezithi nkqi (ukuba umthetho unika)
Ukumisa umsebenzi okunokwenzeka (ukuba umthetho uyavumela)
Iindlela zokuxazulula iingxabano
Iindleko zokuphula umthetho

Nangona kunjalo, zama ukuxazulula ingxaki ngokunxibelelana kuqala phambi kokunyusa ukuya kwindlela zokuxazulula iingxabano ezisemthethweni. Iizatifiketi ezithi nkqi zivame ukubangelwa ziingqiniso zeempahla okanye iingxaki zolawulo ezinokuxazululwa.

Ndingaxabisa njani isatifiketi sentlawulo ukuba ndicinga ukuba umsebenzi uxabisiwe phantsi?

Ukuba ukholelwa ukuba isatifiketi sentlawulo ixabisa phantsi umsebenzi, unokuyixabisa:

Hlola isatifiketi — Chaza izinto ozixabayo ngokukodwa
Qokelela ubungqina — Iiphepha zokulinganisa, iifoto, iingxelo zedayari yendawo
Yazisa umphathi oyinhloko — Bhala isaziso esisemthethweni sengingxabano
Cela indibano — Dibana ukuze sixoxe sixazulule ingxabano
Iindlela ezisemthethweni — Ukuba ayixazululwanga, sebenzisa iindlela zokuxazulula iingxabano zomthetho wakho (ukuhlolwa, ukuxoxa)

Iindlela zokuxabisa zivame ukucaciswa kwimthetho wakho. Yenza ngokukhawulezayo — imithetho emininzi inemida yexesha yeengxabano.

Iizatifiketi zentlawulo zingakhutshwa kwimisebenzi enobugcisa?

Iizatifiketi zentlawulo kufuneka ziqule kuphela umsebenzi ohlangabezana nemigago yekhwaliti yomthetho. Ukuba umsebenzi unobugcisa:

Umphathi oyinhloko kufuneka akhuphwe umsebenzi onobugcisa kwisatifiketi
Umphathi oyinhloko unokukhupha iimali ngenxa yobugcisa (ukuba umthetho uyavumela)
Umphathi oyinhloko unokufuna ukulungiswa phambi kokuqinisekisa intlawulo

Nangona kunjalo, abaphathi abayinhloko kufuneka babe nto yento — ubugcisa obuncinci obungathinti ukusebenza bunokungabi nabo ukukhuphwa kwentlawulo. Umthetho ngokuthi uchaza iindlela zokuphatha ubugcisa.

Ukugcina kusebenza njani ukuba ukugqiba okusebenzayo kuthi nkqi?

Ukuba ukugqiba okusebenzayo kuthi nkqi, ukukhulula ukugcina nako kuthi nkqi. Isatifiketi sokugqibela esingekho (sikhulula 50% yokugcina) sikhutshwa kuphela xa ukugqiba okusebenzayo kufezekile, kungakhathaliseki nosuku lweprogramu yokuqala. Oku kuthetha:

Ukugcina kuyaqhubeka kuqokelela de ukugqiba okusebenzayo
Ukukhulula 50% yokugcina kuthi nkqi de ukugqiba okusebenzayo
Ukukhulula 50% yokugqibela kuthi nkqi de ukugqiba okugqibeleleyo

Yilungiselele oku kwiqikelelo lakho lemali eziyayo neziphumayo — ukugqiba okusebenzayo okuthi nkqi kuthetha ukukhulula okugcina okuthi nkqi.

Nantoni efakwe kwisatifiketi sentlawulo sokugqibela?

Isatifiketi sentlawulo sokugqibela siqulethe:

Wonke umsebenzi ogqityiweyo ukuza ekugqityweni okugqibeleleyo
Zonke izilungiso ze-akhawunti yokugqibela
Zonke iinguqu zixazululwe
Ukugcina okusele kukhululwe (ngokuthi 50% yokugqibela)
Zonke iimali ezisele
Ukugqiba okugqibeleleyo komthetho

Isatifiketi sokugqibela sivala iinxenye zezezimali zomthetho. Qinisekisa ukuba zonke iinguqu, iimangalo neezilungiso zifakwe phambi kokuvumelana nesatifiketi sokugqibela.

Isiphelo

Iizatifiketi zentlawulo yophumo eMzantsi Afrika ziyimfuneko kwimali eziyayo neziphumayo kokwakha. Ukuqonda indlela zisebenza ngayo phantsi kwe-JBCC, NEC ne-GCC — ukusuka kwiimangalo ukuya kuvavanyo, ukuqinisekisa nentlawulo — kunceda uyeke iingxabano uze ufumane intlawulo ngexesha. Inkqubo inamaxesha aqinileyo, iibalo ezineteenkcukacha neenxenye ezininzi; ukusebenza ngesandla kuthatha nkqi kwaye kunokona impazamo. Isoftware exhasa indlela yomthetho yakho inokwenza iibalo, ukugcina nokulandelela intlawulo ngokuzenzekelayo ukuze iizatifiketi ziphume ngexesha nemali eziyayo neziphumayo ihlale inokwenzeka.

Ukuba ulawula iizatifiketi zentlawulo yophumo eMzantsi Afrika uze ufune ipulatifomu enye yeemthetho ze-JBCC, NEC ne-GCC, ukugcina nokulandelela intlawulo, bona indlela uWakha anceda ngayo abakhi nabaphuhlisi ukulawula iizatifiketi nemali eziyayo neziphumayo.

Iindatshana ezixhumene