Imikhawulo Yokulayisha Ama-Axle Ekoloyi eNingizimu Afrika: Isikhombo Sephepha Esiphelele
Ukugcwala kakhulu okukodwa e-weighbridge kungakubiza u-R15,000 nangaphezulu emalini enhlawulo, kanye namaphuzu okulahla nokuboshwa. Ku-N3 noma N1, lokho kusho ikoloyi ehlala imile kuze kulungiswe ithilodi futhi umsebenzisi akhokhe. Imikhawulo yokulayisha ama-axle ekoloyi eNingizimu Afrika isetwe yi-National Road Traffic Act, futhi ukungazi akusiyo ukuzivikela. Lomhlahlandlela unika imikhawulo eqondile, ifomula yebhuloho, imithetho yobophezeleka be-consignor, nezinyathelo ezingokoqobo zokuhlala sithobela ukuze uqhube ifliti yakho ngaphakathi komthetho.
Uhlaka lomthetho: National Road Traffic Act (NRTA)
Imikhawulo yesisindo ne-axle yamakoloyi aseNingizimu Afrika isetwe yi-National Road Traffic Act 93 ka-1996 (NRTA) nemithetho yayo. UMthetho unikeza uNgqongqoshe Wezokuthutha amandla okumemezela amasindo aphezulu amakhulu ezimoto nezinhlanganiso, futhi imikhawulo yamanje inikezwa eMithethweni Yezezimali Yezezimali Yomgwaqo (njengoba kuchitshiyelwe).
Amaphuzu abalulekile:
- Imikhawulo ye-steering axle, ye-single axle, ye-tandem axle, neye-tridem axle imemezelwe ngeqembu ngalinye le-axle.
- Imikhawulo ye-Gross Vehicle Mass (GVM) ne-Gross Combination Mass (GCM) zisebenza kuyo yonke imoto noma inhlanganiso.
- Ifomula yebhuloho iphoqa isisindo esihlanganisiwe samaqembu ama-axle nebanga phakathi kwawo ukuvikela izakhiwo zomgwaqo.
- Ukugcwala kakhulu yicala; izinhlawulo zihlanganisa izinhlawulo eziya phambili, amaphuzu okulahla, nokuboshwa.
- Ama-consignors nama-consignees anezibopho ezithile ngaphansi kweMithetho 330A–330D (izimemezelo zethilodi, amandla okulayisha, amarekhodi). Ukwehluleka ukuthobela kungashintsha ubophezeleka bokugcwala kakhulu ku-consignor.
Ukuthobela umthwalo womsebenzisi, umshayeli, naku-consignor (lapho kusebenza khona). Ukungazi imikhawulo akusiyo ukuzivikela.
Imikhawulo yokulayisha ama-axle: amatafula okubheka ngokushesha
Imikhawulo elandelayo isebenza ezimotweni nezinhlanganiso ezimoto emigwaqweni yaseNingizimu Afrika ngaphansi kohlelo lwe-NRTA. Wonke amasindo asekilogramu (kg).
Umkhawulo we-steering axle
| Uhlobo lwe-axle | Isisindo esiphezulu | Amanothi |
|---|---|---|
| I-steering axle | 7 700 kg | I-axle eyodwa ephikela imoto. Kuvame i-front axle emakoloyini aqinile nama-tractors. |
Umkhawulo we-steering axle uphansi kwezinye ama-single axles ukuvikela i-geometry yokuphepha nokuguga kwamapayini. Ukudlula nawo kwandisa ingozi yokwehluleka ukuphepha.
I-single axle (engaphephi)
| Uhlobo lwe-axle | Isisindo esiphezulu | Amanothi |
|---|---|---|
| I-single axle | 9 000 kg | Noma yiyiphi i-axle eyodwa engayona i-steering axle. |
Lokhu kusebenza ku-axle eyodwa engayona ingxenye yeqembu le-tandem noma le-tridem. Ama-drive axles ekoloyini eqinile (lapho kune-rear axle eyodwa kuphela) avame ukungena ngaphansi kwale mikhawulo.
Umkhawulo we-tandem axle
| Uhlobo lwe-axle | Isisindo esiphezulu | Amanothi |
|---|---|---|
| I-tandem axle | 18 000 kg | Ama-axle amabili eqenjini (isb. ama-dual rear axles ekoloyini eqinile, noma ama-drive axles ku-tractor). |
Ama-18 000 kg yisisindo esiyonkana eqenjini le-tandem, hhayi nge-axle ngayinye. Ukubekwa nokulungiselela kusadinga ukuhanelisa ifomula yebhuloho (bona ngezansi).
Umkhawulo we-tridem axle
| Uhlobo lwe-axle | Isisindo esiphezulu | Amanothi |
|---|---|---|
| I-tridem axle | 24 000 kg | Ama-axle amathathu eqenjini (isb. ku-trailer noma ezinye izimoto eziqinile ezithile). |
Futhi, ama-24 000 kg yiyonkana yeqembu. Ama-tridem axles ajwayelekile kuma-semi-trailers nasezilungiselelweni ezithile ze-tipper.
Isifinyezo: imikhawulo yamaqembu ama-axle
| Iqembu le-axle | Isisindo esiphezulu (kg) |
|---|---|
| I-steering axle | 7 700 |
| I-single axle | 9 000 |
| I-tandem axle | 18 000 |
| I-tridem axle | 24 000 |
Lawa yizakhi. I-GVM noma i-GCM evumelekile yemoto yakho incike ekulungiselelweni kwayo nasefomuleni yebhuloho.
I-GVM nokulungiselelwa kwemoto
I-Gross Vehicle Mass (GVM) yisisindo esiphezulu esivumelekile semoto (kuhlanganise ithilodi) njengoba kucaciswe umakhi noma njengoba kunqunywa umthetho. I-Gross Combination Mass (GCM) yisisindo esiphezulu esivumelekile senhlanganiso yemoto (isb. i-tractor + i-semi-trailer).
I-GVM evumelekile iyona ephansi kulezi:
- I-GVM yomakhi eplated, futhi
- Isamba samasindo avumelekile awo wonke amaqembu ama-axle, alinganiswe ifomula yebhuloho.
Izibonelo zevame ze-GVM ngokulungiselela (zibonisa; qiniseka ne-plating yemoto yakho nemithetho yamanje):
| Ukulungiselela | I-GVM max evame (kg) | Amanothi |
|---|---|---|
| I-2-axle rigid (steering + single) | 16 700 | 7 700 + 9 000 |
| I-3-axle rigid (steering + tandem) | 25 700 | 7 700 + 18 000 |
| I-4-axle rigid (steering + tridem) | 31 700 | 7 700 + 24 000 |
| I-5-axle articulated (tractor + semi) | 56 000 (GCM) | Evame kuma-freight; ifomula yebhuloho isebenza |
Imikhawulo yangempela yemoto yakho kufanele ifundwe esitifiketini sokulunga nasepuleti yomakhi. Ungalokothi ucabange i-GVM ephezulu kuneye-plated noma ephuma emthethweni.
Ifomula yebhuloho
Ifomula yebhuloho ikhawulela isisindo esiyonkana esingathwalwa emaqenjini ama-axle amabili noma ngaphezulu asebenzayo ngokubanga phakathi kwe-axle yokuqala neyokugcina eqenjini. Ivimbela ukulayisha okuningi emabhulohweni nasezindaweni zokukhipha amanzi.
Ngokufushane:
- Isisindo esivumelekile emaqenjini ama-axle sincike ebangeni (L) phakathi kwe-axle yokuqala neyokugcina kuleyo seti.
- Ifomula (ngomqondo): W = k × L, lapho u-W eyisisindo esiyonkana no-L sekhilomitha. Ikonstantini nefomu eqondile zisetwe emithethweni.
- Uma isisindo ema-axles sidlula okufomula evumela lelo banga, imoto igcwele kakhulu noma ngabe iqembu ngalinye le-axle lingaphakathi kwemikhawulo yalo engu-7 700 / 9 000 / 18 000 / 24 000 kg.
Lapho behlela amathilodi nokubekwa kwama-axle (isb. ama-sliding tandems kuma-trailers), abasebenzisi kufanele baqinisekise kokubili:
- Akuqembu le-axle elodwa lidlula umkhawulo walo (steering 7 700, single 9 000, tandem 18 000, tridem 24 000), futhi
- Isisindo esihlanganisiwe nokubekwa kwama-axle kuhambisana nefomula yebhuloho.
Abasebenzi be-weighbridge namagunya ezithuthi basebenzisa ifomula ukuhlola ukuthobela. Abahleli befliti nabasebenzi bokulayisha kufanele bayisebenzise lapho babela ithilodi ukuze bavimbele ukugcwala kakhulu e-weighbridge.
Izinhlawulo zokugcwala kakhulu: izinhlawulo nokuboshwa
Ukugcwala kakhulu kuthathwa ngokuginisekile. Izinhlawulo ngaphansi kwe-NRTA nokugcina umthetho okuphathelene (kuhlanganise i-AARTO) zihlanganisa:
- Izinhlawulo eziya phambili: Izinhlawulo ziyanda ngezinga lokugcwala kakhulu. Ukugcwala kakhulu okuqinile kuvame ukudonsa u-R15,000 nangaphezulu, namasamba aphezulu ukuphindela noma ukephula okuqinile.
- Amaphuzu okulahla: Abasebenzisi nabashayeli bangathola amaphuzu okulahla ngaphansi kohlelo lwe-AARTO, athinta amakhadi abasebenzisi namalayisensi.
- Ukuboshwa kwemoto: Izimoto zingaboshwa kuze kulungiswe ukugcwala kakhulu futhi kukhokhelwe izinhlawulo. Lokho kusho ukungasebenzi emakhoridolo abalulekile, izindleko ezingeziwe, nengozi yekontrakthi nabathumeli.
Ukuhlala ngaphakathi kwemikhawulo ye-axle ne-GVM/GCM yindlela yodwa yokugwema lezi ziphetho. Ukusinda ngaphambi kohambo nezimemezelo zethilodi ze-consignor (bona ngezansi) kubalulekile.
Ubophezeleka be-Consignor ne-Consignee (Imithetho 330A–330D)
Imithetho 330A kuya ku-330D ibeka izibopho eziqondile ku-consignors (futhi kwezinye izimo ama-consignees). Uma ingalandelwa, ubophezeleka bokugcwala kakhulu kungashintshela ku-consignor.
Thola amandla okulayisha ngokubhala
I-consignor kufanele ithole ulwazi olubhaliwe kumsebenzisi ngamandla okulayisha wemoto (noma inhlanganiso) ezosetshenziswa. Amandla okulayisha asho isisindo semphahla imoto engasithwala ngokomthetho (i-GVM minus tare, noma okulinganayo izinhlanganiso). Ukuthembela olwazini lwomlomo noma olungakahlelekile akwanele.
Gcina amarekhodi ezimemezelo zethilodi
I-consignor kufanele igcine amarekhodi ezimemezelo zethilodi. Lokhu kuvame ukuhlanganisa:
- Ubunikazi bomsebenzisi nemoto
- Amandla okulayisha anikezwa umsebenzisi
- Incazelo nesisindo semthilodi esimemezelwe
- Usuku nemininingwane yethilodi
Amarekhodi kufanele agcinwe isikhathi esidingwa umthetho futhi akhiqizwe lapho kucelwa. Ngaphandle kwawo, i-consignor ayikwazi ukubonisa ukukhathalela kahle.
Imvume yekhabhathi (kuze kube yizi-1 000 litres ku-tare)
Lapho kubalwa amandla okulayisha, ukhabhathi ezitankini zemoto kungaphathwa njengengxenye yesisindo se-tare (isisindo singalayishiwe) kuze kube umkhawulo wama-1 000 litres. Lokhu kunika abasebenzisi indlela ehlala njalo yokubala ukhabhathi ngaphandle kokunciphisa ithilodi. Ukhabhathi ngaphezu kwama-1 000 litres kuvame kubalwa njengengxenye yethilodi ukuze kuthobelisane nesisindo.
Ubophezeleka bushiya ku-consignor
Uma i-consignor:
- Ihluleka ukuthola amandla okulayisha abhaliwe kumsebenzisi, noma
- Ilayisha imoto ngaphezu kwalelo khono, noma
- Ihluleka ukugcina noma ukunikeza amarekhodi ezimemezelo zethilodi lapho kudingeka,
khona i-consignor ingaboshwa ngocala lokugcwala kakhulu, ngaphezulu noma esikhundleni somsebenzisi/umshayeli. Ngakho ama-consignors kufanele abe nezinqubo zokuthola ithilodi ngokubhala, ukumemezela amathilodi ngokunembile, nokugcina amarekhodi.
Abasebenzisi kufanele basekele ama-consignors ngokunikeza amandla okulayisha acacile, abhaliwe, nokubambisana ngezimemezelo zethilodi. Uhlelo lokulawula ukuthutha lungathatha amandla okulayisha futhi lukhiqize izimemezelo zethilodi ukuze bobabili bathobele.
Izinqubo nezimfuno ze-Weighbridge
Ama-weighbridges emakhoridolo amakhulu afana ne-N3 (isb. Mariannhill, Mooi River), N1 (iGauteng neCape), ne-N2 asetshenziselwa ukugcina imikhawulo ye-axle ne-GVM. Abashayeli nabasebenzisi kufanele:
- Bame lapho beqondiswa e-weighbridge. Ukwehluleka ukuma noma ukuzama ukubaleka kuyicala.
- Bekele imoto njengoba iyalwa ukuze i-axle ngalinye noma iqembu le-axle lisindwe ngendlela efanele (static noma in-motion weighing, njengenqubo).
- Bakhiphe izidokhumenti lapho kudingeka (isb. ilayisensi, izidokhumenti zomsebenzisi, ubhalo lwethilodi).
- Bathobele imiyalelo uma kutholakala ukugcwala kakhulu (isb. layisha phansi okuningi, uhambe endaweni ephapheme). Ukumelana noma ukuphika kungaholela ekuboshweni nasezinhlawulweni ezingeziwe.
Abasebenzi be-weighbridge bangasinda imoto yonke, amaqembu ama-axle, noma kokubili. Ukugcwala kakhulu kunoma iqembu le-axle noma ku-GVM/GCM kwenza imoto ingathobeli. Ukwazi i-tare yemoto yakho nokusabalalisa ama-axle kukusiza ukugwema ukugcwala kakhulu ngaphambi kokufika e-weighbridge.
Amathiphu angokoqobo: indlela yokugwema ukugcwala kakhulu
- Thola amandla okulayisha abhaliwe yemoto/izinhlanganiso zonke ozisebenzisayo futhi wabelane ngawo nama-consignors. Uvuselele lapho ukulungiselela noma impahla ishintsha.
- Lawula isisindo se-tare: Wazi i-tare yangempela yemoto ngayinye (kuhlanganise ukhabhathi kuze kube yizi-1 000 L, umshayeli, amathuluzi, nempahla). Umzimba ongeziwe noma impahla inciphisa ithilodi.
- Sebenzisa izimemezelo zethilodi: Kuyo yonke ithilodi, memezela uhlobo nesisindo semthilodi. Fanisa isisindo esimemezelwe namandla okulayisha futhi uqinisekise ukuthi i-consignor inamandla abhaliwe futhi igcina amarekhodi.
- Ukusinda ngaphambi kohambo: Lapho kungenzeka, sinda amathilodi ngaphambi kokuthumela (i-weighbridge yakho noma indawo eseduze). Hlola ukusabalalisa ama-axle, hhayi isisindo esiyonkana kuphela. Lungisa ukubekwa kwethilodi noma usebenzise imoto ehlukile uma kudingeka.
- Qeqesha abashayeli nabahleli: Qinisekisa ukuthi bayazi imikhawulo yama-axle, izisekelo zefomula yebhuloho, nemithetho ye-consignor. Faka inqubo ye-weighbridge ezincomo zabashayeli.
- Sebenzisa i-TMS ukusekela ukuthobela: Uhlelo lokulawula ukuthutha lungagcina amandla okulayisha, lukhiqize izimemezelo zethilodi, futhi luphawule ohambweni oludlula amandla, unciphisa ingozi yokugcwala kakhulu nobophezeleka be-consignor.
Ukuthi isoftware ye-TMS isiza kanjani ngokuthobela ama-axle nethilodi
Amahlelo okulawula ukuthutha (TMS) angasekela ukuthobela imikhawulo yokulayisha ama-axle ekoloyini nemithetho ye-consignor ngezindlela eziningi:
- Amandla okulayisha nedatha eyinhloko yemoto: Gcina i-GVM, i-tare, nethilodi esemthethweni ngemoto/izinhlanganiso. Sebenzisa lokhu amandla okulayisha abhaliwe ku-consignors nasekuhlelweni kwethilodi.
- Izimemezelo zethilodi: Khiqiza futhi ugcine izimemezelo zethilodi (uhlobo lwethilodi, isisindo, i-consignor, imoto) ezixhumene nohambo ngalunye. Lokhu kusekela ukugcina amarekhodi kweReg 330A–D kuma-consignors nabasebenzisi.
- Izexwayiso zokugcwala kakhulu: Lapho uhlela uhambo, qhathanisa isisindo semthilodi esimemezelwe noma esihlelelwe namandla okulayisha futhi uphawule ukugcwala kakhulu ngaphambi kokuthumela. Ezinye izinhlelo zihlanganisa ne-weighbridge noma idatha yesisindo eboard ukuze uhlole ngesikhathi sangempela.
- Ukubika nokucwaninga: Khiqiza imibiko ngokusebenzisa amandla okulayisha, izimemezelo zethilodi, nokuthobela ukucwaninga kwangaphakathi nokuhlola amagunya. Isiqinisekiso se-RTMS kuvame kudinga ubufakazi bokulawula ithilodi nokugcwala kakhulu; i-TMS inikeza umugqa wokucwaninga ocacile.
Ukutshala imali ku-TMS esekelayo ithilodi, izimemezelo, nokuvimbela ukugcwala kakhulu kuyinyathelo elingokoqobo ukuze uhlale ngaphakathi kwemikhawulo yokulayisha ama-axle ekoloyi eNingizimu Afrika futhi uhlangabezane nezimfuno zobophezeleka be-consignor.
Itafula lesifinyezo: imikhawulo yokulayisha ama-axle ekoloyi eNingizimu Afrika
| Into | Umkhawulo noma isidingo |
|---|---|
| I-steering axle | 7 700 kg |
| I-single axle | 9 000 kg |
| I-tandem axle | 18 000 kg |
| I-tridem axle | 24 000 kg |
| I-GVM / I-GCM | Njengoba i-plated nefomula yebhuloho; i-5-axle GCM evame 56 000 kg |
| Ifomula yebhuloho | Isisindo sama-axle esihlanganisiwe sikhawulwe ibanga phakathi kwe-axle yokuqala neyokugcina eqenjini |
| I-consignor | Thola amandla okulayisha abhaliwe; gcina amarekhodi ezimemezelo zethilodi; kuze kube yizi-1 000 L ukhabhathi ku-tare |
| Ukugcwala kakhulu | Izinhlawulo, ukulahla, ukuboshwa; i-consignor iphoqelekile uma iReg 330A–D ingalandelwa |
Imibuzo evame ukubuzwa
Yini umkhawulo we-steering axle eNingizimu Afrika?
Isisindo esiphezulu ku-steering axle siyi-7 700 kg ngaphansi kwe-National Road Traffic Act nemithetho. Leyi i-axle eyodwa ephikela imoto (kuvame i-front axle). Iphansi kunawo ama-9 000 kg avumelekile kwezinye ama-single axles ukuvikela ukuphepha namapayini.
Kwenzekani uma ikoloyi yami igcwele kakhulu e-weighbridge?
Ungabhekana nezinhlawulo eziya phambili (eziphezulu ngokugcwala okukhulu), amaphuzu okulahla ngaphansi kwe-AARTO, nokuboshwa kwemoto kuze kulungiswe ukugcwala kakhulu futhi kukhokhelwe noma yiziphi izinhlawulo. Imoto ingashayelwa kuze kube ngaphakathi kwemikhawulo esemthethweni. Ama-consignors nabo bangabophezeleka uma bengazuzanga amandla okulayisha abhaliwe noma bagcine amarekhodi ezimemezelo zethilodi njengoba kudingwa yiMithetho 330A–330D.
Ubani ophoqelekile ukugcwala kakhulu: umsebenzisi noma i-consignor?
Bobabili bangabophezeleka. Umsebenzisi nomshayeli banesibopho sokuqinisekisa ukuthi imoto ayigcwele kakhulu. I-consignor inezibopho ngaphansi kweReg 330A–330D: thola amandla okulayisha abhaliwe kumsebenzisi, qinisekisa ukuthi ithilodi ayidluli lelo khono, futhi ugcine amarekhodi ezimemezelo zethilodi. Uma i-consignor ihluleka lezi zibopho futhi imoto igcwele kakhulu, ubophezeleka bungashintshela ku-consignor. Abasebenzisi kufanele banikeze amandla okulayisha abhaliwe futhi basekele izimemezelo zethilodi ukuze bavikele bobabili.
Ukhabhathi obuningi bangaqoka kanjani njengesisindo se-tare?
Kuze kube yizi-1 000 litres ukhabhathi ezitankini zemoto kungafakwa esisindweni se-tare lapho kubalwa amandla okulayisha. Ukhabhathi ngaphezu kwama-1 000 litres kuvame kubalwa njengengxenye yethilodi ukuze kuthobelisane nemikhawulo yesisindo. Lokhu kusetwe emithethweni ye-NRTA futhi kuthinta ukuthi impahla engakanani imoto ingathwala ngokomthetho.
Sebenzisa leli khasi njengesikhombo sakho semikhawulo yokulayisha ama-axle ekoloyi eNingizimu Afrika, ifomula yebhuloho, imithetho ye-consignor, nezinhlawulo zokugcwala kakhulu. Ngoku-RTMS nokuthobela obubanzi, bona umhlahlandlela wesiqinisekiso se-RTMS eNingizimu Afrika. Ukuze ulawule amandla okulayisha, izimemezelo zethilodi, nengozi yokugcwala kakhulu kuyo yonke ifliti yakho kusukela epulatifomu eyodwa, bona ukuthi i-Thwala isiza kanjani abasebenzisi bama-freight aseNingizimu Afrika ukulawula ama-oda, ukuthobela, nokuxazulula.
Itlolwe ngu
Thwala Team