Truck Axle Load Limits South Africa: Ireferensi Ephelele
Uku-overload okukodwa e-weighbridge kungakubita R15,000 nobe ngaphezulu emalahleni, kanye namaphoyinti e-demerit nokuboshwa. E-N3 nobe e-N1, lokho kusho ilori ehlala khona kuze kulungiswe umthwalo futsi umshayeli akhokhe. Truck axle load limits South Africa asetjelwe yi-National Road Traffic Act, futsi ukungati akusiyo ukuvikela. Lomhlahlandlela kunika imingcele leqondile, ifomula yebhuloho, imitsetfo yesibopho somthwali, netinyathelo letisebentayo ukuze uhlale ulandzela ukuze usebentise i-fleet yakho ngaphakathi kwemtsetfo.
Isakhiwo semtsetfo: National Road Traffic Act (NRTA)
Sisindo setilori yaseNingizimu Afrika nemingcele ye-axle sisetjelwe yi-National Road Traffic Act 93 of 1996 (NRTA) nemitsetfo yayo. Umtsetfo unika iNdvuna Yezehambo amandla ekubeka sisindo lesiphezulu semimoto nezinhlanganiso, futsi imingcele yamanje inikezwa eNational Road Traffic Regulations (njengoba iguqulwe).
Amaphoyinti labalulekile:
- Imingcele ye-steering axle, single axle, tandem axle, ne-tridem axle inikezwa ngeqembu le-axle ngalinye.
- Imingcele ye-Gross Vehicle Mass (GVM) ne-Gross Combination Mass (GCM) isebenta yonke imoto nobe inhlanganiso.
- Ifomula yebhuloho ikhawulela sisindo lesihlanganisiwe semaqembu e-axle nebanga phakathi kwawo ukuvikela tinsakhiwo temgwaqo.
- Ukugcwala yicalo; tijezo tihlanganisa imalahleni ezenhla, amaphoyinti e-demerit, nokuboshwa.
- Abathwali nabamukeli banemisebenti letisite ngaphansi kwemitsetfo 330A–330D (imibiko yomthwalo, amandla okuthwala, amarekhodi). Ukwehluleka ukulandzela kungashintjela isibopho se-overload kuya komthwali.
Ukulandzela kuyibopho lomshayeli, umshayeli, nobe—lapho kusebentisa—umthwali. Ukungati imingcele akuyona ukuvikela.
Imingcele ye-axle load: amatafula okubhekisa ngokushesha
Imingcele lelandzelayo isebenta timoto nezinhlanganiso temoto emigwaqweni yaseNingizimu Afrika ngaphansi kwesakhiwo se-NRTA. Wonkhe umthamo usebenta nge-kilogram (kg).
Umngcele we-steering axle
| Uhlobo lwe-axle | Sisindo lesiphezulu | Tiphawulo |
|---|---|---|
| Steering axle | 7 700 kg | I-axle eyodwa lephikisa imoto. Kuvame i-front axle emalorini aqinile nasekudrayivweni. |
Umngcele we-steering axle uphansi kunamanye ama-single axle ukuvikela i-geometry yekuphikisa nokuguga kwethayara. Ukuyidlula kuphindze kwandze bungoti bokuwohloka kwekuphikisa.
Single axle (non-steering)
| Uhlobo lwe-axle | Sisindo lesiphezulu | Tiphawulo |
|---|---|---|
| Single axle | 9 000 kg | Noma yiphi i-single axle lelongeyincenye yeqembu le-tandem nobe tridem. |
Loku kusebenta i-single axle engakhi incenye yeqembu le-tandem nobe tridem. Ama-drive axle elorini eliqinile (lapho i-rear axle eyodwa kuphela) ngokuvamile awe ngaphansi kwalomngcele.
Umngcele we-tandem axle
| Uhlobo lwe-axle | Sisindo lesiphezulu | Tiphawulo |
|---|---|---|
| Tandem axle | 18 000 kg | Ama-axle amabili eqembuni (njengama-dual rear axle elorini eliqinile, nobe ama-drive axle ekudrayivweni). |
Ama-18 000 kg ngisonkhe sisindo eqembuni le-tandem, hhayi nge-axle ngayinye. Ibanga ne-configuration kusafanele yanelisise ifomula yebhuloho (bona ngezansi).
Umngcele we-tridem axle
| Uhlobo lwe-axle | Sisindo lesiphezulu | Tiphawulo |
|---|---|---|
| Tridem axle | 24 000 kg | Ama-axle amatatu eqembuni (njenga-trailer nobe timoto letinqile letisite). |
Futhi, ama-24 000 kg ngisonkhe seqembu. Ama-tridem axle ajwayelekile kuma-semi-trailer nangezinye tinkonfigureshini te-tipper.
Sifinyeto: imingcele yemaqembu e-axle
| Iqembu le-axle | Sisindo lesiphezulu (kg) |
|---|---|
| Steering axle | 7 700 |
| Single axle | 9 000 |
| Tandem axle | 18 000 |
| Tridem axle | 24 000 |
Loku yitinsika. I-GVM nobe i-GCM lemvumelekile yemoto yakho incike ku-configuration yayo nefomula yebhuloho.
I-GVM ne-configuration yemoto
Gross Vehicle Mass (GVM) ngisonkhe sisindo lesimvumelekile semoto (kuhlanganisa umthwalo) njengoba sicaciswe umkhiqizi nobe njengoba kunqunywe umtsetfo. Gross Combination Mass (GCM) ngisonkhe sisindo lesimvumelekile senhlanganiso yemoto (njenga-tractor + semi-trailer).
I-GVM lemvumelekile yiloko kephansi kwe:
- I-GVM yemoto yemkhiqizi, ne
- Isamba semithamo yemvumelekile yemaqembu e-axle onkhe, ikhawulelwe ifomula yebhuloho.
Tibonelo te-GVM ngokuvamile nge-configuration (lesibonisa; njalo qinisekisa ne-plating yemoto yakho nemitsetfo yamanje):
| Configuration | I-GVM max ejwayelekile (kg) | Tiphawulo |
|---|---|---|
| 2-axle rigid (steering + single) | 16 700 | 7 700 + 9 000 |
| 3-axle rigid (steering + tandem) | 25 700 | 7 700 + 18 000 |
| 4-axle rigid (steering + tridem) | 31 700 | 7 700 + 24 000 |
| 5-axle articulated (tractor + semi) | 56 000 (GCM) | Ejwayelekile empahleni; ifomula yebhuloho isebenta |
Imingcele yangempela yemoto yakho kufanele ifundwe esitifiketini sokulunga ne iplati yemkhiqizi. Ungalokothi ucabange i-GVM ephakeme kunaleplati nobe lephuma emtsetfweni.
Ifomula yebhuloho
Ifomula yebhuloho ikhawulela sonkhe sisindo lesingathwalwa emaqembu e-axle lamabili nobe ngaphezulu asebentisana ngokusekelwe ebangeni phakathi kwe-axle yokuqala neyekugcina leyoqembu. Ivikelela ukulayisha okuningi emabhulohweni nasezihlambini.
Ngokufinyelela:
- Sisindo lesimvumelekile emaqembu e-axle sincike ebangeni (L) phakathi kwe-axle yokuqala neyekugcina kuloko set.
- Ifomula (ngomqondo): W = k × L, lapho u-W engisonkhe sisindo ne-L sisebenta ngemamitha. Ikonstantini nefomu leqondile sisetjelwe emitsetfweni.
- Uma sisindo ema-axleni sidlula lokho ifomula evumela kulobo banga, imoto igcwele nobe ngabe iqembu le-axle ngalinye lingaphakathi kwemingcele yalo 7 700 / 9 000 / 18 000 / 24 000 kg.
Lapho uhlela imithwalo nebanga lama-axle (njengema-tandem agwedvayo ema-trailer), abashayeli kufanele baqinisekise bobabili:
- Akuqembu le-axle lidluli umngcele walo (steering 7 700, single 9 000, tandem 18 000, tridem 24 000), ne
- Sisindo lesihlanganisiwe nebanga lama-axle kuhambisana nefomula yebhuloho.
Abasebenti be-weighbridge nebaphathi bemgwaqo basebenzisa ifomula ukuhlola ukulandzela. Abahleli be-fleet nomthwalo kufanele bayisebenzise lapho bahlela umthwalo ukuze bavikele uku-overload e-weighbridge.
Tijezo te-overload: imalahleni nokuboshwa
Ukugcwala kutjatshelwa kakhulu. Tijezo ngaphansi kwe-NRTA nokugcwalisa lokuhlobene (kuhlanganisa i-AARTO) tihlanganisa:
- Imalahleni ezenhla: Imalahleni zandza ngezinga le-overload. Ama-overload asebucayi avame ukudonsa R15,000 nangaphezulu, nemali leningi yekuphindzela nobe ukuphula okukhulu.
- Amaphoyinti e-demerit: Abashayeli nabashayeli bangathola amaphoyinti e-demerit ngaphansi kwesistimu ye-AARTO, kuthinta amakhadi abashayeli nelayisensi.
- Ukuboshwa kwemoto: Timoto tingaboshwa kuze kulungiswe i-overload futsi sekhokhiwe imalahleni. Lokho kusho ukuphumula emigwaqweni lebalulekile, indleko eyengeziwe, nebungoti bekontrakhi nabathumeli.
Ukuhlala ngaphakathi kwemingcele ye-axle ne-GVM/GCM yindlela yodwa yekuvikela leziphumo. Ukusayina pre-trip nemibiko yomthwalo yomthwali (bona ngezansi) kubalulekile.
Isibopho somthwali nomamukeli (Imitsetfo 330A–330D)
Imitsetfo 330A kuya 330D ibeka imisebenti locacile kubathwali (futhi kwezinye zigameko abamukeli). Uma ingalandzelwa, isibopho se-overload singashintjela kuya komthwali.
Thola amandla okuthwala ngokubhala
Umthwali kufanele athole idatha lebhaliwe ku-operator nge amandla okuthwala wemoto (nobe inhlanganiso) ezosetjentiswa. Amandla okuthwala asho sisindo semphahla imoto ingathwala ngokemtsetfo (I-GVM ikhiphe i-tare, nobe okulinganayo ngezinhlanganiso). Ukuthembela kulokhu lokhulunywayo nobe lokungakahlelekile akwanele.
Gcina amarekhodi emibiko yomthwalo
Umthwali kufanele agcine amarekhodi emibiko yomthwalo. Lokhu ngokuvamile kuhlanganisa:
- Ubuniketi bomshayeli nemoto
- Amandla okuthwala anikezwa umshayeli
- Incazelo nesisindo somthwalo lesibikiwe
- Usuku nemininingwane yomthwalo
Amarekhodi kufanele agcinwe isikhathi lesidingwa umtsetfo futsi akhiqizwe lapho kucelwa. Ngaphandle kwabo, umthwali angeke akwazi kubonisa ukucophelela.
Isabelo sephetroli (kuze kube yiliitha 1 000 ku-tare)
Lapho ubala amandla okuthwala, iphetroli etankini yemoto ingaphathwa njengencenye ye tare mass (sisindo singathwali) kuze kube umngcele we 1 000 litres. Lokhu kunika abashayeli indlela ehlangene yekubala iphetroli ngaphandle kwekunconota amandla okuthwala. Iphethroli ngaphezulu kwe-1 000 litres ngokuvamile ibalwa njengencenye yomthwalo ukuze kuhambisane nesisindo.
Isibopho sishintjela kuya komthwali
Uma umthwali:
- Wehluleka ukuthola amandla okuthwala lebhaliwe ku-operator, nobe
- Alayisha imoto ngaphezulu kwaloko, nobe
- Wehluleka ukugcina nobe ukunikeza amarekhodi emibiko yomthwalo lapho kudingeka,
khona umthwali angaboshwa ngecala le-overload, ngaphezulu nobe esikhundleni somshayeli/umshayeli. Ngakho abathwali kufanele babe netinqubo zekuthola amandla okuthwala ngokubhala, kubike imithwalo ngokunemba, nekugcina amarekhodi.
Abashayeli kufanele basekele abathwali ngokunikeza amandla okuthwala acacile, lebhaliwe, nekubambisana emibikweni yomthwalo. Isistimu yekulawula uhambo ingathatha amandla okuthwala nekukhiqiza imibiko yomthwalo ukuze bobabili bahlale belandzela.
Tinqubo nezingozi ze-weighbridge
Ama-weighbridge emigwaqweni lebalulekile njenge-N3 (njengaMariannhill, Mooi River), N1 (Gauteng neCape), ne-N2 asetjentiswa ukugcwalisa imingcele ye-axle ne-GVM. Abashayeli nabashayeli kufanele:
- Bame lapho beyalelwe e-weighbridge. Ukuwehluleka ukuma nobe ukuzama ukuphunyula kuyicalo.
- Babeke imoto njengoba iyalelwe ukuze i-axle nobe iqembu le-axle ngalinye lisayinwe kahle (static nobe in-motion weighing, njengoba kufacility).
- Bakhiqize tidokhumenti lapho kudingeka (njengelayisensi, tidokhumenti zomshayeli, tidokhumenti yomthwalo).
- Balandzele imiyalelo uma sekutholakale ukugcwala (njengokudonsa okungaphezulu, ukuya endaweni ephephile). Ukuphikisa nobe ukuphika kungaholela ekuboshweni netindleko tezingeziwe.
Abasebenti be-weighbridge bangasayina yonke imoto, emaqembu e-axle, nobe kokubili. Uku-overload kunoma iqembu le-axle nobe ku-GVM/GCM kwenta imoto ingalandzeli. Ukuati i-tare yemoto yakho nokusabalaleka kwe-axle kukusita uvikela uku-overload ngaphambi kwekufika e-weighbridge.
Tiphawulo letisebentayo: indlela yekuvikela ukugcwala
- Thola amandla okuthwala lebhaliwe yemoto/inhlanganiso ngayinye oyisebentisayo futsi uyabelane nabathwali. Uyivuselele lapho configuration nobe tisebenti tishintja.
- Lawula sisindo se-tare: Wati i-tare yangempela yemoto ngayinye (kuhlanganisa iphetroli kuze kube yiliitha 1 000 L, umshayeli, tithululi, netisebenti). Umzimba wezingeziwe nobe tisebenti kunciphisa amandla okuthwala.
- Sebentisa imibiko yomthwalo: Kuwo wonkhe umthwalo, bika uhlobo nesisindo somthwalo. Fanisa sisindo lesibikiwe namandla okuthwala futsi qinisekisa kutsi umthwali unamandla lebhaliwe futsi ugcina amarekhodi.
- Ukusayina pre-trip: Lapho kungenzeka, sayina imithwalo ngaphambi kwekuthumela (weighbridge yakho nobe indawo esedvute). Hlola ukusabalaleka kwe-axle, hhayi sisindo kuphela. Lungisa indawo yomthwalo nobe usebentise imoto yehlukile uma kudingeka.
- Cecesha abashayeli nabahleli: Qinisekisa kutsi bayati imingcele ye-axle, izisekelo zefomula yebhuloho, nemitsetfo yomthwali. Faka inqubo ye-weighbridge emabriefing abashayeli.
- Sebentisa i-TMS ukusekela ukulandzela: Isistimu yekulawula uhambo ingagcina amandla okuthwala, ikhiqize imibiko yomthwalo, futsi iveze amahambo adlula amandla, inciphisa bungoti be-overload nesibopho somthwali.
Indlela isoftwe ye-TMS isita ngayo ne-axle nokulandzela komthwalo
Izistimu zekulawula uhambo (TMS) zingasekela ukulandzela nemingcele ye-truck axle load nemitsetfo yomthwali ngezindlela letiningana:
- Amandla okuthwala nedatha yemoto: Gcina i-GVM, i-tare, nomthwalo wemtsetfo ngemoto/inhlanganiso ngayinye. Sebentisa lokhu namandla okuthwala lebhaliwe kubathwali nasekuhleleni umthwalo.
- Imibiko yomthwalo: Khiqiza futsi ugcine imibiko yomthwalo (uhlobo lomthwalo, sisindo, umthwali, imoto) exhumanisiwe nehambo ngalinye. Lokhu kusekela ukugcina amarekhodi kwe-Reg 330A–D kubathwali nabashayeli.
- Tikhumbuto te-overload: Lapho uhlela ihambo, fanisa sisindo somthwalo lesibikiwe nobe lesihlelelwe namandla okuthwala futsi iveze uku-overload ngaphambi kwekuthumela. Ezinye tizinhlelo zihlanganisa ne-weighbridge nobe idatha yesisindo eboard ukuze uhlole ngesikhathi sangempela.
- Imibiko nekucwaninga: Khiqiza imibiko mayelana nokusebentisa amandla okuthwala, imibiko yomthwalo, nokulandzela ukuze uhlole ngaphakathi ne-RTMS nobe ukuhlola abaphathi. RTMS certification kuvame idinga bufakazi bekulawula umthwalo ne-overload; i-TMS inika umugqa wokucwaninga locacile.
Ukutjala ku-TMS lesekela amandla okuthwala, imibiko, nekuvikela uku-overload kuyinyathelo lesebentayo ukuze uhlale ngaphakathi kwetruck axle load limits South Africa futsi uhlangabetane nezingozi zomthwali.
Itafula lesifinyeto: truck axle load limits South Africa
| Into | Umngcele nobe isidingo |
|---|---|
| Steering axle | 7 700 kg |
| Single axle | 9 000 kg |
| Tandem axle | 18 000 kg |
| Tridem axle | 24 000 kg |
| GVM / GCM | Njengoba iplati nefomula yebhuloho; i-5-axle GCM ejwayelekile 56 000 kg |
| Ifomula yebhuloho | Sisindo se-axle lesihlanganisiwe sikhawulelwe ibanga phakathi kwe-axle yokuqala neyekugcina eqembuni |
| Umthwali | Thola amandla okuthwala lebhaliwe; gcina amarekhodi emibiko yomthwalo; kuze kube yiliitha 1 000 L iphetroli ku-tare |
| Ukugcwala | Imalahleni, ama-demerits, ukuboshwa; umthwali onesibopho uma Reg 330A–D ingalandzelwa |
Imibuzo evame ukubuzwa
Yini umngcele we-steering axle eNingizimu Afrika?
Sisindo lesiphezulu ku-steering axle ngu-7 700 kg ngaphansi kwe-National Road Traffic Act nemitsetfo. Loku i-single axle lephikisa imoto (ngokuvamile i-front axle). Iphansi kuna-9 000 kg lemvumelekile kwezinye ama-single axle ukuvikela ukuphikisa namathayara.
Kwentekani uma ilori yami igcwele e-weighbridge?
Ungabhekana nemalahleni ezenhla (lephakeme ngokwe-overload lenkhulu), amaphoyinti e-demerit ngaphansi kwe-AARTO, ne ukuboshwa kwemoto kuze kulungiswe i-overload futsi sekhokhiwe noma yimaphi imalahleni. Imoto angeke ishayelwe kuze ibe ngaphakathi kwemingcele yemtsetfo. Abathwali bangaboshwa futhi uma bengazuzanga amandla okuthwala lebhaliwe nobe bagcine amarekhodi emibiko yomthwalo njengoba kudingwa Imitsetfo 330A–330D.
Ubani onesibopho se-overload: umshayeli nobe umthwali?
Bobabili bangaboshwa. Umshayeli nomshayeli banesibopho sekuqinisekisa kutsi imoto ayigcwele. Umthwali unemisebenti ngaphansi kwe-Reg 330A–330D: thola amandla okuthwala lebhaliwe ku-operator, qinisekisa kutsi umthwalo awudluli lokho, futsi ugcine amarekhodi emibiko yomthwalo. Uma umthwali wehluleka le misebenti futsi imoto igcwele, isibopho singashintjela kuya komthwali. Abashayeli kufanele banikeze amandla okuthwala lebhaliwe futsi basekele imibiko yomthwalo ukuze bavikele bobabili.
Iphethroli ingakanani engayibala njengesisindo se-tare?
Kuze kube yiliitha 1 000 iphetroli etankini yemoto ingafakwa ku tare mass lapho ubala amandla okuthwala. Iphethroli ngaphezulu kwe-1 000 litres ngokuvamile ibalwa njengencenye yomthwalo ukuze kuhambisane nemingcele yesisindo. Lokhu sisetjelwe emitsetfweni ye-NRTA futsi kuthinta kangakanani impahla imoto ingathwala ngokemtsetfo.
Sebentisa lelikhasi njengereferensi yakho yetruck axle load limits South Africa, ifomula yebhuloho, imitsetfo yomthwali, netijezo zekugcwala. Mayelana ne-RTMS nokulandzela okubanzi, bona umhlahlandlela we-RTMS certification South Africa. Ukuze ulawule amandla okuthwala, imibiko yomthwalo, nebungoti be-overload ku-fleet yakho kusukela epulatifomu eyodwa, bona indlela Thwala isita abashayeli bempahla yaseNingizimu Afrika ekulawuleni ama-oda, ukulandzela, nekukhokha.
Ibhalwe ngu
Thwala Team