Truck Axle Load Limits Aforika Borwa: Kakaretso e Feletseng

Overload e le nngwe kwa weighbridge e ka go costa R15,000 kana go feta ka ditefelo, go akaretsa dintlha tsa demerit le go thibelwa. Mo N3 kana N1, seno se raya truck e e nnyereng go fitlha thomamo e lokisiwa mme moebedi a duela. Truck axle load limits Aforika Borwa di beilwe ke National Road Traffic Act, mme go sa itse ga a sireletse. Tataiso eno e go naya ditekanyo tse di nepagetseng, foromula ya bridge, melao ya maikarabelo ya motlamedi, le dinao tse di tirwang go nna mo molaong gore o kgone go baya fleet ya gago mo molaong.

Setheo sa molao: National Road Traffic Act (NRTA)

Ditekanyo tsa mase le axle tsa truck tsa Aforika Borwa di beilwe ke National Road Traffic Act 93 ya 1996 (NRTA) le melawana yona. Molao o fa Letona la Thomamo tumalano ya go laela mase a a kwa godimo thata a dikoloi le dikopanego, mme ditekanyo tsa jaanong di newa mo National Road Traffic Regulations (jaaka di ntshiwa).

Dintlha tse di botlhokwa:

Steering axle, single axle, tandem axle, le tridem axle ditekanyo di laelwa ka setlhopha sa axle.
Gross Vehicle Mass (GVM) le Gross Combination Mass (GCM) ditekanyo di dirisiwa mo koloi yotlhe kana kopanego.
Foromula ya bridge e thibela mase a a kopaneng a di setlhopha tsa axle le sebaka magareng ga tsone go sireletsa ditshwantsi tsa tsela.
Overloading ke molato; ditefelo di akaretsa ditefelo tse di oketsang, dintlha tsa demerit, le go thibelwa.
Batlamedi le bamedi ba na le maikarabelo a a rileng kafa tlase ga Melawana 330A–330D (ditlaleho tsa thomamo, bokgoni jwa payload, ditlaleho). Go fenya go diragatsa go ka fetola maikarabelo jwa overloading go ya kwa motlameding.

Go latela melao ke maikarabelo wa moebedi, motsamaisi, le—kwa go malebago—motlamedi. Go sa itse ditekanyo ga a sireletse.

Ditekanyo tsa axle load: ditafole tsa bonako

Ditekanyo tse di latelang di dirisiwa mo dikoloing le dikopanego tsa dikoloi mo ditseleng tsa Aforika Borwa kafa tlase ga setheo sa NRTA. Mase otlhe a mo kilogram (kg).

Tekanyo ya steering axle

Mofuta wa axle	Mase a a kwa godimo thata	Dikwalo
Steering axle	7 700 kg	Single axle e e otlaileng koloi. Gantsi e le front axle mo dikolong tsa rigid le dikoloi tsa tractor.

Tekanyo ya steering axle e kwa tlase go feta single axles e nngwe go sireletsa geometry ya steering le go rwalega ga thaya. Go e feta go oketsa kotsi ya go fenya steering.

Single axle (e e sa otlaileng)

Mofuta wa axle	Mase a a kwa godimo thata	Dikwalo
Single axle	9 000 kg	Single axle epe e e seng steering axle.

Seno se dirisiwa mo single axle e e sa bopeng karolo ya setlhopha sa tandem kana tridem. Dikoloi tsa drive mo truck ya rigid (fa e le rear axle e le nngwe fela) gantsi di wela kafa tlase ga tekanyo eno.

Tekanyo ya tandem axle

Mofuta wa axle	Mase a a kwa godimo thata	Dikwalo
Tandem axle	18 000 kg	Di-axle tse pedi mo setlhopheng (sekai di-rear axle tse pedi mo truck ya rigid, kana dikoloi tsa drive mo tractor).

18 000 kg ke mase otlhe mo setlhopheng sa tandem, e seng ka axle. Sebaka le thulaganyo di tshwanetse go kgotsofatsa foromula ya bridge (bona kwa tlase).

Tekanyo ya tridem axle

Mofuta wa axle	Mase a a kwa godimo thata	Dikwalo
Tridem axle	24 000 kg	Di-axle tse tharo mo setlhopheng (sekai mo trailer kana dikoloi tse dingwe tsa rigid).

Gape, 24 000 kg ke kakaretso ya setlhopha. Di-tridem axle di tlwaelegile mo semi-trailers le thulaganyo e nngwe ya tipper.

Kakaretso: ditekanyo tsa di setlhopha tsa axle

Setlhopha sa axle	Mase a a kwa godimo thata (kg)
Steering axle	7 700
Single axle	9 000
Tandem axle	18 000
Tridem axle	24 000

Tsena ke diblock tsa go aga. GVM kana GCM e e laolegang bakeng sa koloi ya gago e ikaegile ka thulaganyo yona le foromula ya bridge.

GVM le thulaganyo ya koloi

Gross Vehicle Mass (GVM) ke mase a a kwa godimo thata a a laolegang a koloi (go akaretsa thomamo) jaaka a tlhalositswe ke moproduisi kana jaaka a detemined ke molao. Gross Combination Mass (GCM) ke mase a a kwa godimo thata a a laolegang a kopanego ya koloi (sekai tractor + semi-trailer).

GVM e e laolegang ke e e kwa tlase ya:

GVM ya moproduisi e e plated, le
Kakaretso ya mase a a laolegang a di setlhopha tsotlhe tsa axle, e e lailweng ke foromula ya bridge.

Dikelo tsa GVM tsa tlwaelegile ka thulaganyo (e e bontshang; netefatsa ka plating ya koloi ya gago le melao ya jaanong):

Thulaganyo	GVM e kwa godimo thata (kg)	Dikwalo
2-axle rigid (steering + single)	16 700	7 700 + 9 000
3-axle rigid (steering + tandem)	25 700	7 700 + 18 000
4-axle rigid (steering + tridem)	31 700	7 700 + 24 000
5-axle articulated (tractor + semi)	56 000 (GCM)	Tlwaelegile bakeng sa thomamo; foromula ya bridge e dirisiwa

Ditekanyo tsa nepagalo bakeng sa koloi ya gago di tshwanetse go balwa go certificate of fitness le plate ya moproduisi. O se ka wa akanya GVM e e kwa godimo go feta e e plated kana e e tswang mo molaong.

Foromula ya bridge

Foromula ya bridge e thibela mase otlhe a a ka rwalwang mo di setlhopheng tse pedi kana go feta tsa axle tse di latelanang go ikaegile ka sebaka magareng ga axle ya ntlha le ya bofelo mo setlhopheng. E thibela go lata thata mo dibrigeng le dikoloring.

Ka mafoko a a bonolo:

Mase a a laolegang mo setlhopheng sa di-axle a ikaegile ka sebaka (L) magareng ga axle ya ntlha le ya bofelo mo setlhopheng seo.
Foromula (ka kgopolo): W = k × L, kwa W e leng mase otlhe mme L e le mo metere. Constant le mofuta o o nepagetseng di beilwe mo melawaneng.
Fa mase mo di-axleng a feta se foromula e laolang bakeng sa sebaka seo, koloi e overload le fa setlhopha sengwe le sengwe sa axle se mo tekanyong ya 7 700 / 9 000 / 18 000 / 24 000 kg.

Fa baebedi ba rulaganya dithomamo le sebaka sa axle (sekai di-tandem tse di sliding mo di-trailer), ba tshwanetse go netefatsa gore:

Ga go na setlhopha sengwe sa axle se se fetelelang tekanyo ya sone (steering 7 700, single 9 000, tandem 18 000, tridem 24 000), le
Mase a a kopaneng le sebaka sa axle di latela foromula ya bridge.

Basebabi ba weighbridge le baetapele ba tsela ba dirisa foromula go lekola go latela. Baladi ba fleet le thomamo ba tshwanetse go e dirisa fa ba abela payload go thibela overloads kwa weighbridge.

Ditefelo tsa overloading: ditefelo le go thibelwa

Overloading e tshwarwa ka serioso. Ditefelo kafa tlase ga NRTA le tiro ya molao e amanang (go akaretsa AARTO) di akaretsa:

Ditefelo tse di oketsang: Ditefelo di oketsa ka tekanyo ya overload. Overloads tse di botlhokwa di gaisa R15,000 le go feta, le dipalo tse di kwa godimo bakeng sa go boa gape kana go robega go botlhokwa.
Dintlha tsa demerit: Baebedi le baebedi ba ka amogela dintlha tsa demerit kafa tlase ga tsamaiso ya AARTO, di amang dikarata tsa moebedi le dilayense.
Go thibelwa ga koloi: Dikoloi di ka thibelwa go fitlha overload e lokisiwa mme ditefelo di duelwa. Seno se raya go se dire nakong mo ditseleng tse di botlhokwa, tshotlhego e e oketsiweng, le kotsi ya kontraka le baromi.

Go nna mo ditekanyong tsa axle le GVM/GCM ke tsela e le nngwe ya go thibela dipheletso tseno. Go lekola pele ga leeto le ditlaleho tsa thomamo tsa motlamedi (bona kwa tlase) di botlhokwa.

Maikarabelo wa Motlamedi le Mommedi (Melawana 330A–330D)

Melawana 330A go ya go 330D di beya maikarabelo a a totobetseng kwa batlameding (le mo mabakeng a mangwe bamedi). Fa di sa latelwa, maikarabelo jwa overloading go ka fetolwa go ya kwa motlameding.

Bona bokgoni jwa payload ka go kwala

Motlamedi o tshwanetse go bona tshedimosetso e e kwadilweng go tswa kwa moebeding malebana le bokgoni jwa payload jwa koloi (kana kopanego) e e tla dirisiwang. Bokgoni jwa payload bolela mase a dithoto tse koloi e ka di rwala ka molaong (GVM go ntša tare, kana e lekanang bakeng sa dikopanego). Go ikaegile ka puisano kana tshedimosetso e e sa foromong ga go lekaneng.

Boloka ditlaleho tsa tlaleho ya thomamo

Motlamedi o tshwanetse go boloka ditlaleho tsa tlaleho ya thomamo. Tsena gantsi di akaretsa:

Identity ya moebedi le koloi
Bokgoni jwa payload jwa moebedi
Tlhaloso le mase o o boletsiweng wa thomamo
Letsatsi le dintlha tsa thomamo

Ditlaleho di tshwanetse go bolokwa nakong e e tlhokiwang ke molao mme di ntshiwa fa go kopiwa. Without tsone, motlamedi a ke ke a bontsha boikarabelo.

Tuelo ya mafura (go fitlha 1 000 litres mo tare)

Fa ba bala bokgoni jwa payload, mafura mo ditankeng tsa koloi a ka tshwarwa jaaka karolo ya mase a tare (mase a koloi e sa latiwang) go fitlha 1 000 litres. Seno se naya baebedi mokgwa o o dumalanang wa go bala mafura without go fokotsa payload. Mafura a a fetang 1 000 litres gantsi a balwa jaaka karolo ya thomamo bakeng sa go latela ditekanyo tsa mase.

Maikarabelo o fetolwa go motlamedi

Fa motlamedi:

A fenya go bona bokgoni jwa payload jwa go kwala go tswa kwa moebeding, kana
A lata koloi go feta bokgoni joo, kana
A fenya go boloka kana go ntsha ditlaleho tsa tlaleho ya thomamo fa di tlhokega,

ka jalo motlamedi a ka tshwarwa a ikarabela molato wa overloading, go ekelwa kana go ema maemong a moebedi/motsamaisi. Ka jalo batlamedi ba tshwanetse go na le mokgwa wa go bona payload ka go kwala, go bolela dithomamo ka nepagalo, le go boloka ditlaleho.

Baebedi ba tshwanetse go thusa batlamedi ka go naya bokgoni jwa payload jwa go kwala jwa totobetseng le go dirisa mmogo mo ditlalehong tsa thomamo. Tsamaiso ya thomamo e ka poke bokgoni jwa payload mme e tlhame ditlaleho tsa thomamo gore bobedi ba nne mo molaong.

Mokgwa wa weighbridge le dinyakwa

Di-weighbridge mo ditseleng tse dikgolo jaaka N3 (sekai Mariannhill, Mooi River), N1 (dikarolo tsa Gauteng le Cape), le N2 di dirisiwa go diragatsa ditekanyo tsa axle le GVM. Baebedi le baebedi ba tshwanetse:

Go ema fa ba laetsiwang kwa weighbridge. Go fenya go ema kana go leka go phonyoga ke molato.
Go bea koloi jaaka e laetsiwang gore axle ngwe le ngwe kana setlhopha sa axle se lekanywe ka nepagalo (static kana in-motion weighing, go ya ka didirisiwa).
Go ntsha ditokumente fa di tlhokega (sekai layense, ditokumente tsa moebedi, tokumente ya thomamo).
Go latela ditaelo fa ba bonwa ba overload (sekai go thulola tse di fetang, go tsamaya go ya kwa mafelong a bolokegileng). Go gana go ka isa go thibelwa le ditefelo tse di ekelwang.

Basebabi ba weighbridge ba ka lekanya koloi yotlhe, di setlhopha tsa axle, kana bobedi. Overload mo setlhopheng sengwe le sengwe sa axle kana mo GVM/GCM di dira gore koloi e se latela. Go itse tare ya koloi ya gago le kabo ya axle go go thusa go thibela overloads pele o fitlha weighbridge.

Dikeletso tse di tirwang: jang go thibela overloading

Bona bokgoni jwa payload jwa go kwala bakeng sa koloi/kopanego ngwe le ngwe e o e dirisang mme o e abe le batlamedi. E ntsha fa thulaganyo kana didirisiwa di fetoga.
Laola mase a tare: Itse tare ya nepagalo ya koloi ngwe le ngwe (go akaretsa mafura go fitlha 1 000 L, motsamaisi, didirisiwa). Bodywork e e ekelwang kana didirisiwa di fokotsa payload.
Dirisa ditlaleho tsa thomamo: Bakeng sa thomamo ngwe le ngwe, bolela mofuta le mase a thomamo. Bapisa mase o o boletsiweng le bokgoni jwa payload mme netefatsa gore motlamedi a na le bokgoni jwa go kwala mme a boloka ditlaleho.
Go lekanya pre-trip: Kwa go kgonagalang, lekanya dithomamo pele ga go romiwa (weighbridge ya gago kana legae le le atamelesitseng). Lekola kabo ya axle, e seng mase otlhe fela. Lokisa go bewa ga thomamo kana dirisa koloi e nngwe fa go tlhokega.
Ruta baebedi le baladi: Netefatsa gore ba itse ditekanyo tsa axle, motheo wa foromula ya bridge, le melao ya motlamedi. Akaretsa mokgwa wa weighbridge mo ditaolong tsa motsamaisi.
Dirisa TMS go thusa go latela melao: Tsamaiso ya thomamo e ka boloka bokgoni jwa payload, tlhama ditlaleho tsa thomamo, le go bontsha diteko tse di fetelelang bokgoni, e fokotsa kotsi ya overloading le maikarabelo jwa motlamedi.

TMS software e thusa jang go latela axle le thomamo

Ditsamaiso tsa thomamo (TMS) di ka thusa go latela truck axle load limits le melao ya motlamedi ka ditsela tse di mmalwa:

Bokgoni jwa payload le data ya motheo ya koloi: Boloka GVM, tare, le payload ya molao ka koloi/kopanego. Dirisa seno bakeng sa bokgoni jwa payload jwa go kwala go batlamedi le bakeng sa go rulaganya thomamo.
Ditlaleho tsa thomamo: Tlhama mme o boloke ditlaleho tsa thomamo (mofuta wa thomamo, mase, motlamedi, koloi) tse di kgolagantsweng le leeto ngwe le ngwe. Seno se thusa Reg 330A–D go boloka ditlaleho bakeng sa batlamedi le baebedi.
Dikgopotsa tsa overloading: Fa o rulaganya leeto, bapisa mase o o boletsiweng kana o o rulagantsweng wa thomamo le bokgoni jwa payload mme o bontshe overloads pele ga go romiwa. Ditsamaiso tse dingwe di kopantswe le weighbridge kana data ya mase ya onboard bakeng sa diteko tsa nako e rileng.
Go bega le diteko: Tlhama ditlaleho malebana le tiro ya payload, ditlaleho tsa thomamo, le go latela melao bakeng sa diteko tsa kwa ntle le RTMS kana diteko tsa baetapele. RTMS setifikeiti gantsi e tlhoka bopaki jwa taolo ya thomamo le overloading; TMS e naya tsela e e totobetseng ya teko.

Go beya madi mo TMS e e thusang payload, ditlaleho, le thibelo ya overloading ke nao e e tirwang go nna mo truck axle load limits Aforika Borwa le go diragatsa dinyakwa tsa maikarabelo jwa motlamedi.

Tafole ya kakaretso: truck axle load limits Aforika Borwa

Ntlha	Tekanyo kana nyakwa
Steering axle	7 700 kg
Single axle	9 000 kg
Tandem axle	18 000 kg
Tridem axle	24 000 kg
GVM / GCM	Jaaka e plated le foromula ya bridge; tlwaelegile 5-axle GCM 56 000 kg
Foromula ya bridge	Mase a axle a a kopaneng a lailweng ke sebaka magareng ga axle ya ntlha le ya bofelo mo setlhopheng
Motlamedi	Bona bokgoni jwa payload jwa go kwala; boloka ditlaleho tsa tlaleho ya thomamo; mafura a fitlha 1 000 L mo tare
Overloading	Ditefelo, demerits, go thibelwa; motlamedi a ikarabela fa Reg 330A–D e sa latelwa

Dipotso tse di botšiwa gantsi

Tekanyo ya steering axle kwa Aforika Borwa ke eng?

Mase a a kwa godimo thata mo steering axle ke 7 700 kg kafa tlase ga National Road Traffic Act le melawana. Eno ke single axle e e otlaileng koloi (gantsi front axle). E kwa tlase go feta 9 000 kg e e laolegang mo single axles e nngwe go sireletsa steering le dithaya.

Go direga eng fa truck ya me e overload kwa weighbridge?

O ka lebana le ditefelo tse di oketsang (e kwa godimo thata bakeng sa overload e kgolo), dintlha tsa demerit kafa tlase ga AARTO, le go thibelwa ga koloi go fitlha overload e lokisiwa mme ditefelo di duelwa. Koloi e ka se otlaiwa go fitlha e le mo ditekanyong tsa molao. Batlamedi ba ka ikarabela gape fa ba ne ba sa bone bokgoni jwa payload jwa go kwala kana ba boloka ditlaleho tsa tlaleho ya thomamo jaaka di tlhokiwang ke Melawana 330A–330D.

Ke mang yo a ikarabellang overloading: moebedi kana motlamedi?

Bobedi ba ka ikarabela. Moebedi le motsamaisi ba ikarabela go netefatsa gore koloi e sa overload. Motlamedi o na le maikarabelo kafa tlase ga Reg 330A–330D: bona bokgoni jwa payload jwa go kwala go tswa kwa moebeding, netefatsa gore thomamo e sa fete bokgoni joo, le go boloka ditlaleho tsa tlaleho ya thomamo. Fa motlamedi a fenya maikarabelo ano mme koloi e overload, maikarabelo a ka fetolwa go motlamedi. Baebedi ba tshwanetse go naya bokgoni jwa payload jwa go kwala le go thusa ditlaleho tsa thomamo go sireletsa bobedi.

Mafura a makae a ka balwa jaaka mase a tare?

Mafura a 1 000 litres a a kwa weighbridge mo ditankeng tsa koloi a ka akarediwa mo maseng a tare fa ba bala bokgoni jwa payload. Mafura a a fetang 1 000 litres gantsi a balwa jaaka karolo ya thomamo bakeng sa go latela ditekanyo tsa mase. Seno se beilwe mo melawaneng ya NRTA mme se amana le gore dithoto di kae tse koloi e ka di rwala ka molaong.

Dirisa tsebe eno jaaka kakaretso ya gago bakeng sa truck axle load limits Aforika Borwa, foromula ya bridge, melao ya motlamedi, le ditefelo tsa overloading. Bakeng sa RTMS le go latela melao go bontsi, bona RTMS setifikeiti Aforika Borwa tataiso. Go laola bokgoni jwa payload, ditlaleho tsa thomamo, le kotsi ya overloading mo fleet ya gago go tswa platform e le nngwe, bona jang Thwala e thusa baebedi ba dithomamo tsa Aforika Borwa go laola ditaelo, go latela melao, le settlement.