Imida Yokulayisha kwi-Axle yeThrekhi eNingizimu Afrika: Isikhokelo esiGcwele
Ukulayisha ngaphezu okukodwa kwi-weighbridge kunokubiza u-R15,000 okanye ngaphezulu kwiimali ezirhoxiswayo, kuquka amaphuzu okulahlekelwa nokubanjwa kwenqola. Kwi-N3 okanye i-N1, oko kuthetha ithrekhi emile de imithwalo ilungiswe nomqhubi ahlawule. Imida yokulayisha kwi-axle yethrekhi eNingizimu Afrika imiswe yi-National Road Traffic Act, kwaye ukungazi akukho kuzikhusela. Esi sikhokelo sikunika imida ngqo, ifomula yebhulorho, imigaqo yetyala lomthumeli, neenqobo zokusebenza ukuze ugcine ifleet yakho ngaphakathi komthetho.
Isakhelo somthetho: National Road Traffic Act (NRTA)
Ubuninzi bethrekhi yaseNingizimu Afrika nemida ye-axle zimiswe yi-National Road Traffic Act 93 ka-1996 (NRTA) nemigaqo yayo. UMthetho unika uMphathiswa wezoThutho igunya lokumisela ubuninzi obuphezulu beemoto neendibaniso, yaye imida yangoku inikwa kwi-National Road Traffic Regulations (njengoko ihleliwe).
Amaphuzu abalulekileyo:
- I-steering axle, i-single axle, i-tandem axle, ne-tridem axle zimiswe ngeqela ngalinye le-axle.
- I-Gross Vehicle Mass (GVM) ne-Gross Combination Mass (GCM) zisebenza kuyo yonke inqola okanye indibano.
- Ifomula yebhulorho ithintela ubuninzi obudityanisiwe beemaqela e-axle nomgama phakathi kwazo ukuze ikhusele izakhiwo zendlela.
- Ukulayisha ngaphezu yisono; izohlwayo ziquka iimali ezirhoxiswayo eziqhubekayo, amaphuzu okulahlekelwa nokubanjwa.
- Abathumeli nabamkeli baneemfanelo ezithile ngaphansi kweRegulations 330A–330D (imibhalo yomthwalo, amandla okuthwala, amarekhodi). Ukungathobeli kunokushintshela ityala lokulayisha ngaphezu kumthumeli.
Ukuthobela luxanduva lomqhubi, umqhubi, nokuba—apho kusebenzayo—umthumeli. Ukungazi imida akukho kuzikhusela.
Imida yokulayisha kwi-axle: iitafile zokukhawulelwa
Imida ilandelayo isebenza kwiimoto neendibano zeemoto ezindleleni zaseNingizimu Afrika ngaphansi kwesakhelo se-NRTA. Yonke imitha ikwiikilogram (kg).
Imida ye-steering axle
| Uhlobo lwe-axle | Ubuninzi obuphezulu | Iinotes |
|---|---|---|
| I-steering axle | 7 700 kg | I-axle enye ekhokelayo inqola. Ngokuqhelekileyo i-axle yangaphambili kwiithrekhi eziqinileyo neetrakta. |
Imida ye-steering axle iphantsi kwezinye ii-single axle ukuze ikhusele iijometri zokukhokela nokugqitha kwevili. Ukudlula kwayo kunyusa nengozi yokuhluleka kokukhokela.
I-single axle (engakhokeliyo)
| Uhlobo lwe-axle | Ubuninzi obuphezulu | Iinotes |
|---|---|---|
| I-single axle | 9 000 kg | Nayiphi i-axle enye engayiyo i-steering axle. |
Oku usebenza kwi-axle enye engayiyo inxalenye yeqela le-tandem okanye le-tridem. I-drive axles kwithrekhi eqinileyo (xa kukho i-rear axle enye kuphela) ngokuthi ziwe phantsi kwale mida.
Imida ye-tandem axle
| Uhlobo lwe-axle | Ubuninzi obuphezulu | Iinotes |
|---|---|---|
| I-tandem axle | 18 000 kg | Ii-axle ezimbini eqelweni (umz. ii-rear axle ezimbini kwithrekhi eqinileyo, okanye i-drive axles kwitrakta). |
I-18 000 kg yibuninzi beqela liphela, hayi nge-axle nganye. Ukusikelela nokumiselwa kusafanele anelise ifomula yebhulorho (jonga ngezantsi).
Imida ye-tridem axle
| Uhlobo lwe-axle | Ubuninzi obuphezulu | Iinotes |
|---|---|---|
| I-tridem axle | 24 000 kg | Ii-axle ezintathu eqelweni (umz. kwitreyila okanye kwiithrekhi ezithile eziqinileyo). |
Kwakhona, i-24 000 kg yilonke leqela. Ii-tridem axle ziqhelekile kwi-semi-trailers nakuqhelaniselo oluthile lwe-tipper.
Isishwankathelo: imida yamaqela e-axle
| Iqela le-axle | Ubuninzi obuphezulu (kg) |
|---|---|
| I-steering axle | 7 700 |
| I-single axle | 9 000 |
| I-tandem axle | 18 000 |
| I-tridem axle | 24 000 |
Ezi zizakhiwo. I-GVM okanye i-GCM evumelekileyo yenqola yakho ixhomeke kuqhelaniselo layo nefomula yebhulorho.
I-GVM noqhelaniselo lwenqola
I-Gross Vehicle Mass (GVM) yibuninzi obuphezulu obuvumelekileyo benqola (kuquka umthwalo) njengoko sicaciswe ngumvelisi okanye njengoko simiswe yimigaqo. I-Gross Combination Mass (GCM) yibuninzi obuphezulu obuvumelekileyo bendibano yenqola (umz. itrakta + i-semi-trailer).
I-GVM evumelekileyo yeyona iphantsi kwezi:
- I-GVM yomvelisi eplated, kunye
- Isambuku sobuninzi obuvumelekileyo bamaqela onke e-axle, obekelwe ifomula yebhulorho.
Imizekelo ye-GVM ngokuthi kube kuqhelaniselo (yenzelwe ukucacisa; hlala uqinisekisa ngeplating yenqola yakho nemigaqo yangoku):
| Uqhelaniselo | I-GVM ephezulu eqhelekileyo (kg) | Iinotes |
|---|---|---|
| I-2-axle rigid (steering + single) | 16 700 | 7 700 + 9 000 |
| I-3-axle rigid (steering + tandem) | 25 700 | 7 700 + 18 000 |
| I-4-axle rigid (steering + tridem) | 31 700 | 7 700 + 24 000 |
| I-5-axle articulated (itrakta + i-semi) | 56 000 (GCM) | Eqhelekileyo kwii freight; ifomula yebhulorho isebenza |
Imida yangoko yenqola yakho kufuneka ifundwe kwisitifiketi sokuba isebenze endleleni nepleyiti yomvelisi. Ungaze ucinge i-GVM ephezulu kuneyo eplated okanye ephuma ngokomthetho.
Ifomula yebhulorho
Ifomula yebhulorho ithintela ubuninzi obupheleleyo obunokuthwalwa kumaqela e-axle amabini okanye ngaphezulu adityanisiweyo ngokomgama phakathi kwe-axle yokuqala neyokugqibela eqelweni. Ithintela ukulayisha ngokugqithiseleyo emabhulorhweni nasee-culverts.
Ngokufutshane:
- Ubuninzi obuvumelekileyo kwiisetthi ye-axle bunxulumene nomgama (L) phakathi kwe-axle yokuqala neyokugqibela kuleso setthi.
- Ifomula (ngokomqondo): W = k × L, apho u-W ngubuninzi bebonke no-L buseemitha. Iconstant nefom echanileyo zimiswe kwimigaqo.
- Ukuba ubuninzi kwi-axles budlula oko ifomula ivumelayo kuloo mgama, inqola ilayishwe ngaphezu nangona iqela ngalinye le-axle lingaphakathi kwemida yalo ye-7 700 / 9 000 / 18 000 / 24 000 kg.
Xa ucetya imithwalo nokusikelela kwe-axle (umz. ii-tandems ezishibilikayo kwii-trailers), abaqhubi kufuneka baqinisekise kokubini:
- Akuyi single axle group idlula imida yayo (steering 7 700, single 9 000, tandem 18 000, tridem 24 000), kunye
- Ubuninzi obudityanisiwe nokusikelela kwe-axle bothobela ifomula yebhulorho.
Abasebenzi be-weighbridge nabarhulumente bezithuthi basebenzisa ifomula ukuqwalasela ukuthobela. Abaceti beefleet nomthwalo kufuneka bayisebenzise xa belawula umthwalo ukuze bagweme ukulayisha ngaphezu kwi-weighbridge.
Iziohlwayo zokulayisha ngaphezu: iimali nokubanjwa
Ukulayisha ngaphezu kuthathwa ngokuginisekileyo. Iziohlwayo ngaphansi kwe-NRTA nokuphoqelelwa okuhlobene (kuquka i-AARTO) ziquka:
- Iimali eziqhubekayo: Iimali ziyanda ngokobuninzi bokulayisha ngaphezu. Ukulayisha ngaphezu okunzima ngokuqhelekileyo kuzisa u-R15,000 nangaphezulu, nemali eninzi yokuphinda okanye ukwaphula okunzima.
- Amaphuzu okulahlekelwa: Abaqhubi nabaqhubi banokufumana amaphuzu okulahlekelwa ngaphansi kwenkqubo ye-AARTO, okuphazamisa iikadi zabaqhubi nee-permit.
- Ukubanjwa kwenqola: Iimoto zinokubanjwa de ukulayisha ngaphezu kulungiswe neimali ihlawulwe. Oko kuthetha ukungasebenzi kwindlela ezibalulekileyo, indleko eyongezelelweyo nengozi yemkontrakthi nabathumeli.
Ukuhlala ngaphakathi kwemida ye-axle ne-GVM/GCM yindlela yodwa yokugwema ezi ziphumo. Ukulinganisa phambi kohambo nemibhalo yomthumeli (jonga ngezantsi) kubalulekile.
Ityala lomthumeli nomamkeli (Imigaqo 330A–330D)
Imigaqo 330A ukuya ku-330D ibeka imibophelelo ecacileyo kubathumeli (kwaye kwimeko ezithile abamkeli). Ukuba azilandelwa, ityala lokulayisha ngaphezu linokushintshela kumthumeli.
Fumana amandla okuthwala ngokubhaliweyo
Umthumeli kufuneka afumane ulwazi lubhaliweyo kumqhubi ngamandla okuthwala wenqola (okanye indibano) eza kusetyenziswa. Amandla okuthwala athetha ubuninzi bempahla inqola inokuthwala ngokomthetho (i-GVM menosithwala, okanye elinganayo kwindibano). Ukuthembela kulwazi lwomlomo okanye olungaqhelekanga akwaneleyo.
Gcina amarekhodi emibhalo yomthwalo
Umthumeli kufuneka agcine amarekhodi emibhalo yomthwalo. Ngokuqhelekileyo aquka:
- Ubuni bomqhubi nenqola
- Amandla okuthwala anikezelwe ngumqhubi
- Incazelo nobuninzi obhengeziweyo bomthwalo
- Usuku nolwazi lwethumelo
Amarekhodi kufuneka agcinwe ixesha elifuneka yimigaqo aze akhiqizwe xa kucelwa. Ngaphandle kwabo, umthumeli akanakubonisa ukucophelela.
Isongezo sepetroli (ukuya ku-1 000 litres ku-tare)
Xa ubala amandla okuthwala, ipetroli kwiitanki zenqola inokuthathwa njengenxalenye yobuninzi be-tare (ubuninzi bengenamthwalo) ukuya kumda we-1 000 litres. Oku kunika abaqhubi indlela ehlala njalo yokubala ipetroli ngaphandle kokunciphisa umthwalo. Ipetroli ngaphezu kwe-1 000 litres ngokuqhelekileyo ibalwa njengenxalenye yomthwalo ukuze kuthobelwe ubuninzi.
Ityala lishintshela kumthumeli
Ukuba umthumeli:
- Uhluleka ukufumana amandla okuthwala abhaliweyo kumqhubi, okanye
- Ulayisha inqola ngaphezu kwaloo mandla, okanye
- Uhluleka ukugcina okanye ukunika amarekhodi emibhalo yomthwalo xa kufuneka,
ke umthumeli anokuthathwa enetyala lesono sokulayisha ngaphezu, ngaphezulu okanye endaweni yomqhubi/umqhubi. Abathumeli ngoko kufuneka babe neenkqubo zokufumana umthwalo ngokubhaliweyo, ukubhengeza imithwalo ngokuchanileyo nokugcina amarekhodi.
Abaqhubi kufuneka baxhase abathumeli ngokunika amandla okuthwala acacileyo abhaliweyo nokusebenzisana ngemibhalo yomthwalo. Isixhobo sokulawula ukuthutha sinokuthatha amandla okuthwala sikhiqize imibhalo yomthwalo ukuze bobabini bathobe.
Iinkqubo neemfuneko ze-Weighbridge
Ii-weighbridge ezindleleni ezinkulu ezifana ne-N3 (umz. Mariannhill, Mooi River), i-N1 (iGauteng neCape), ne-N2 ziyasetyenziswa ukuphoqelela imida ye-axle ne-GVM. Abaqhubi nabaqhubi kufuneka:
- Bamise xa beyalelwa kwi-weighbridge. Ukungabi nako ukumisa okanye ukuzama ukubaleka yisono.
- Bayimise inqola njengoko iyalelwe ukuze i-axle nganye okanye iqela le-axle lilinganiswe ngokuchanileyo (ukulinganisa okumi okanye ohambayo, ngokwefektri).
- Bakhiqize imibhalo xa kufuneka (umz. i-permit, imibhalo yomqhubi, imibhalo yomthwalo).
- Bathobe imiyalelo ukuba bafunyanwa belayishwe ngaphezu (umz. thulula ngaphezu, ushiyele kwingxowa engenangozi). Ukunqanda okanye ukunqaba kunokukhokela ekubanjweni nasezinye iindleko.
Abasebenzi be-weighbridge banokulinganisa inqola iphela, amaqela e-axle, okanye kokubini. Ukulayisha ngaphezu kula naluphi na iqela le-axle okanye kwi-GVM/GCM kwenza inqola ingathobeli. Ukwazi i-tare yenqola yakho nokusasazwa kwe-axle kukunceda ugweme ukulayisha ngaphezu phambi kokufika kwi-weighbridge.
Iingcebiso zokusebenza: indlela yokugwema ukulayisha ngaphezu
- Fumana amandla okuthwala abhaliweyo yenqola nganye/indibano oyisebenzisayo uze uyabelane nabathumeli. Uhlaziyise xa uqhelaniselo okanye iimpahla zitshintsha.
- Lawula ubuninzi be-tare: Yazi i-tare yangoko yenqola nganye (kuquka ipetroli ukuya ku-1 000 L, umqhubi, iithuluzi neempahla). I-bodywork eyongezelelweyo okanye impahla inciphisa umthwalo.
- Sebenzisa imibhalo yomthwalo: Kwithumelo ngalinye, bhengeza uhlobo lomthwalo nobuninzi. Vumelanisa ubuninzi obhengeziweyo namandla okuthwala uze uqinisekise ukuba umthumeli unamandla abhaliweyo agcine amarekhodi.
- Ukulinganisa phambi kohambo: Apho kunokwenzeka, linganisa imithwalo phambi kokuthumela (i-weighbridge yakho okanye ufektri ekufuphi). Jonga ukusasazwa kwe-axle, hayi ubuninzi bebonke kuphela. Hlela indawo yomthwalo okanye usebenzise inqola ehlukileyo ukuba kuyimfuneko.
- Qeqesha abaqhubi nabaceti: Qinisekisa ukuba bayayazi imida ye-axle, iziseko zefomula yebhulorho nemigaqo yomthumeli. Quka inkqubo ye-weighbridge kwii-briefing zomqhubi.
- Sebenzisa i-TMS ukuze uxhase ukuthobela: Isixhobo sokulawula ukuthutha sinokugcina amandla okuthwala, sikhiqize imibhalo yomthwalo, sikhankanye iihambo ezdlula amandla, oku unciphisa ingozi yokulayisha ngaphezu netyala lomthumeli.
Indlela i-TMS software inceda ngayo ngokuthobela i-axle nomthwalo
Iinkqubo zokulawula ukuthutha (i-TMS) zinokuxhasa ukuthobela imida yokulayisha kwi-axle yethrekhi nemigaqo yomthumeli ngeendlela ezimbalwa:
- Amandla okuthwala nedatha yenqola: Gcina i-GVM, i-tare nomthwalo osemthethweni ngenqola/indibano. Sebenzisa oku kumandla okuthwala abhaliweyo kubathumeli noku ceba umthwalo.
- Imibhalo yomthwalo: Khiqiza ugcine imibhalo yomthwalo (uhlobo lomthwalo, ubuninzi, umthumeli, inqola) edityaniswe nohambo ngalunye. Oku kuxhasa ukugcina amarekhodi kweReg 330A–D kubathumeli nabaqhubi.
- Izilumkiso zokulayisha ngaphezu: Xa uceta uhambo, thelekisa ubuninzi obhengeziweyo okanye obucetyiweyo bomthwalo namandla okuthwala uze ukhankanye ukulayisha ngaphezu phambi kokuthumela. Ezinye iinkqubo zidibanisa ne-weighbridge okanye idatha yobuninzi eboard ukuze ujonge ngokwenene.
- Iingxelo novavanyo: Khiqiza iingxelo ngokusebenzisa umthwalo, imibhalo yomthwalo nokuthobela ukuvavanywa ngaphakathi nokujonga karhulumente. Isitifiketi se-RTMS ngokuqhelekileyo sifuna ubungqina bokulawula umthwalo nokulayisha ngaphezu; i-TMS inika umkhondo wokuvavanya ocacileyo.
Ukutyalima kwi-TMS exhasa umthwalo, imibhalo nokuthintela ukulayisha ngaphezu yinyathelo elisebenzisekayo lokuhlala ngaphakathi kwemida yokulayisha kwi-axle yethrekhi eNingizimu Afrika nokuhlangabezana neemfuneko zetyala lomthumeli.
Itafile yesishwankathelo: imida yokulayisha kwi-axle yethrekhi eNingizimu Afrika
| Into | Imida okanye imfuneko |
|---|---|
| I-steering axle | 7 700 kg |
| I-single axle | 9 000 kg |
| I-tandem axle | 18 000 kg |
| I-tridem axle | 24 000 kg |
| I-GVM / I-GCM | Njengoko iplated nefomula yebhulorho; i-5-axle GCM eqhelekileyo 56 000 kg |
| Ifomula yebhulorho | Ubuninzi be-axle obudityanisiweyo obekelwe ngumgama phakathi kwe-axle yokuqala neyokugqibela eqelweni |
| Umthumeli | Fumana amandla okuthwala abhaliweyo; gcina amarekhodi emibhalo yomthwalo; ukuya ku-1 000 L ipetroli ku-tare |
| Ukulayisha ngaphezu | Iimali, amademerit, ukubanjwa; umthumeli uthwala uxanduva ukuba iReg 330A–D ayilandelwanga |
Imibuzo ebuzwa rhoqo
Yintoni imida ye-steering axle eNingizimu Afrika?
Ubuninzi obuphezulu kwi-steering axle ngu-7 700 kg ngaphansi kwe-National Road Traffic Act nemigaqo. Le yiyo i-axle enye ekhokelayo inqola (ngokuqhelekileyo i-axle yangaphambili). Iphantsi kwe-9 000 kg evumelekileyo kwezinye ii-single axle ukuze ikhusele ukukhokela namavili.
Kwenzeka ntoni ukuba ithrekhi yam ilayishwe ngaphezu kwi-weighbridge?
Unokujongana neemali eziqhubekayo (eziphezulu ngokubuninzi bokulayisha ngaphezu), amaphuzu okulahlekelwa ngaphansi kwe-AARTO, nokubanjwa kwenqola de ukulayisha ngaphezu kulungiswe neimali ihlawulwe. Inqola ingasashayelwa de ingaphakathi kwemida yomthetho. Abathumeli banokuthathwa enetyala ukuba abazifumananga amandla okuthwala abhaliweyo okanye abagcinanga amarekhodi emibhalo yomthwalo njengoko kufuneka yiRegulations 330A–330D.
Ngubani othwala uxanduva lokulayisha ngaphezu: umqhubi okanye umthumeli?
Bobabini banokuthathwa enetyala. Umqhubi nomqhubi banoxanduva lokuqinisekisa ukuba inqola ayilayishwanga ngaphezu. Umthumeli uneemfanelo ngaphansi kweReg 330A–330D: fumana amandla okuthwala abhaliweyo kumqhubi, qinisekisa ukuba umthwalo awudluli laa mandla, ugcine amarekhodi emibhalo yomthwalo. Ukuba umthumeli uhluleka ezi mfanelo yaye inqola ilayishwe ngaphezu, ityala linokushintshela kumthumeli. Abaqhubi kufuneka banikeze amandla okuthwala abhaliweyo baxhase imibhalo yomthwalo ukuze bobabini bakhuselwe.
Ipetroli ezingakanani ongayibala njenge-tare weight?
Ukuya ku-1 000 litres yepetroli kwiitanki zenqola inokufakwa kubuninzi be-tare xa ubala amandla okuthwala. Ipetroli ngaphezu kwe-1 000 litres ngokuqhelekileyo ibalwa njengenxalenye yomthwalo ukuze kuthobelwe imida yobuninzi. Oku kumiswe kwimigaqo ye-NRTA kwaye kuphazamisa ubuninzi bempahla inqola inokuthwala ngokomthetho.
Sebenzisa eli phepha njengesikhokelo sakho kwemida yokulayisha kwi-axle yethrekhi eNingizimu Afrika, ifomula yebhulorho, imigaqo yomthumeli neziohlwayo zokulayisha ngaphezu. Ngokuqinisekiswa kwe-RTMS nokuthobela ngokubanzi, jonga isikhokelo sokuqinisekiswa kwe-RTMS eNingizimu Afrika. Ukulawula amandla okuthwala, imibhalo yomthwalo nengozi yokulayisha ngaphezu kufleet yakho iphela kwipulatifomu enye, jonga indlela i-Thwala inceda ngayo abaqhubi bezithuthi zaseNingizimu Afrika ukulawula ii-odolo, ukuthobela nokuhlawula.
Ibhalwe ngu
Thwala Team