Ukubambezeleka Kweprojekthi Yokwakha eMzantsi Afrika: Izizathu Neesisombululo

Ukubambezeleka kweprojekthi yokwakha eMzantsi Afrika kubiza oonokontraka izigidigidi zeerandi minyaka le. Iprojekthi ebambezelekileyo ayityhali nje kuphela umhla wokugqiba - iyadla imida yenzuzo, yonakalise igama lakho, kwaye inokuvusa iintlawulo zokulibaziseka ezinokucima inzuzo yakho yonke.

Kwishishini lokwakha laseMzantsi Afrika, ukubambezeleka kuqhelekile. Uphononongo lweshishini lubonisa ukuba ngaphezu kwe-70% yeeprojekthi zokwakha eMzantsi Afrika zifumana ukubambezeleka okukhulu, ngomyinge wokulibaziseka kwe-20-30% ngaphaya komhla wokugqiba wokuqala.

Esi sikhokelo sichaza izizathu eziphambili zokulibaziseka kweeprojekthi zokwakha eMzantsi Afrika kunye neendlela ezisebenzayo zokuthintela nokulawula. Sigubungela ucwangciso olubi, iintlawulo ezilibazisekileyo, ukunqongophala kwezinto, iingxaki zabasebenzi, imozulu, load shedding, ukulibaziseka kwemvume, kunye ne-scope creep.

Iindleko Zokwenyani Zokubambezeleka Kweeprojekthi Zokwakha

Phambi kokungena kwizizathu nezisombululo, kubalulekile ukuqonda ukuba ukubambezeleka kubiza ntoni ngokwenene. Ifuthe lidlula kakhulu ukutyhalwa komhla wokugqiba.

Iintlawulo Zokulibaziseka

Uninzi lweekhontrakthi zokwakha eMzantsi Afrika lune-liquidated damages clauses. Ezi zohlwayo zihlala ziphakathi kwe-R5,000 ne-R50,000 ngosuku, kuxhomekeke kubungakanani beprojekthi. Kwi-R10 million project ene-R10,000 ngosuku, iintsuku ezingama-30 zokulibaziseka zithetha i-R300,000.

Ifuthe Kwi-Cash Flow

Ukubambezeleka kutyhala emva iisetiﬁkethi zentlawulo. Ukuba ugqiba umsebenzi iintsuku ezingama-30 emva kwexesha, ihlawulo nalo lifika iintsuku ezingama-30 emva kwexesha. Kodwa iindleko zakho - imivuzo, irenti, izixhobo - ziyaqhubeka.

Umonakalo Wegama

Abathengi bayakukhumbula ukubambezeleka. Iprojekthi ebambezelekileyo yonakalisa igama lakho kwaye yenza kube nzima ukuphumelela amathenda amatsha.

Ukungqubana Kwezixhobo

Xa iprojekthi enye ilibaziseka, ichaphazela nezinye. Abasebenzi, izixhobo, kunye nexesha lolawulo bahlala bebotshelelwe ixesha elide kunokuba bekucwangcisiwe.

Iindleko Ezonyukileyo

Ukubambezeleka kunyusa iindleko ngeendlela ezininzi:

Ii-overheads zendawo ezandisiweyo (iofisi, ukhuseleko, utility)
Ukongezwa kokuqeshisa izixhobo
Iindleko zabasebenzi zomsebenzi obufanele ugqitywe kudala
Ukunyuka kwamaxabiso ezinto xa ukuthenga kusuke kutyhalwe emva
Ixesha elininzi lolawulo

Ukuqonda ezi ndleko kucacisa ukuba kutheni ukuthintela ukulibaziseka kubalulekile.

Izizathu Eziqhelekileyo Zokubambezeleka Kweeprojekthi Zokwakha eMzantsi Afrika

Ukubambezeleka akudli ngokubangelwa yinto enye. Ngokuqhelekileyo kubangelwa zizinto ezininzi ezidibene.

Ucwangciso Olubi noHlelo Lweshedyuli

Ucwangciso olubi sesona sizathu siphambili sokubambezeleka.

Iimpazamo eziqhelekileyo zocwangciso:

Iitayimlaini ezingeyonyani
Ukungacaci kwe-dependencies
I-buffer enganelanga
Ukwabiwa kwezixhobo okungonelanga
Ukungathathelwa ngqalelo izinto zaseMzantsi Afrika

Isisombululo: Sebenzisa izixhobo ezifanelekileyo zocwangciso (Gantt charts, critical path, resource allocation), kunye nebuffer yexesha.

Iintlawulo Ezilibazisekileyo Neengxaki ze-Cash Flow

Iintlawulo ezilibazisekileyo zenza uxinzelelo lwe-cash flow.

Indlela iintlawulo ezilibazisekileyo ezibangela ukulibaziseka:

Awukwazi ukuhlawula ababoneleli -> izinto zifika emva kwexesha
Awukwazi ukuhlawula oonokontraka abangaphantsi
Uxinzelelo lwe-cash flow lwenza ubeke phambili ezinye iiprojekthi
Iingxabano ngeesetiﬁkethi zentlawulo zilibazisa umsebenzi

Isisombululo: Sebenzisa ulawulo oluqinileyo lweentlawulo. Jonga iindlela zolawulo lwe-cash flow yokwakha.

Ukushoda Kwezinto Nokuphazamiseka Kweketanga Yonikezelo

Ukunqongophala kwezinto yimbangela enkulu eMzantsi Afrika.

Izizathu eziqhelekileyo zokushoda kwezinto:

Ukulibaziseka kokungenisa
Iingxaki zemveliso kubaboneleli basekuhlaleni
Ukuguquguquka kwamaxabiso
Ucwangciso olubi lokuthenga
Iingxaki zentlawulo kubaboneleli

Isisombululo: Cwangcisa ukuthenga kusenesikhathi kwaye usebenze nababoneleli abaninzi.

Iingxaki Zabasebenzi Nokushoda Kwezakhono

Ishishini lokwakha lijongene nokushoda kwezakhono, ngakumbi kwimisebenzi ekhethekileyo.

Ukulibaziseka okunxulumene nabasebenzi:

Ubunzima bokufumana abasebenzi abanezakhono
Ukutshintsha okuphezulu kwabasebenzi
Izitrayiki
Ukungabikho emsebenzini
Uqwalaselo olungonelanga olukhokelela kwi-rework

Isisombululo: Yakha ubudlelwane nabasebenzi nabakontraka abathembekileyo, kwaye utyale kuqeqesho.

Ukulibaziseka Kwemozulu

Iipatheni zemozulu eMzantsi Afrika zenza ukulibaziseka okuqikelelwayo nokungaqikelelwanga.

Izinto ezichaphazela ukulibaziseka kwemozulu:

Iipatheni zemvula yexesha lonyaka
Iimeko ezibi ezingalindelekanga
Umoya obambezela imisebenzi yecrane
Ubushushu obugqithisileyo
Ukulibaziseka kokuhanjiswa kwezinto

Isisombululo: Faka i-10-15% buffer yemozulu kwaye cwangcisa imisebenzi yangaphakathi ngemihla yemvula.

Load Shedding Nokucima Umbane

Load shedding yinto eyodwa yaseMzantsi Afrika kwaye ibangela ukulibaziseka okukhulu.

Indlela load shedding ebangela ukulibaziseka:

Izixhobo zombane azisebenzi
Iiofisi zendawo zilahlekelwa yi-intanethi
Iiplanti ze-concrete ziyayeka
Welding/cutting iyema
Ukukhanya kwendawo kuyancipha
Imveliso iyonke yehla

Isisombululo: Faka i-15-20% buffer, sebenzisa iijeneretha, kwaye usebenzise isoftware yokwakha esebenza offline.

Ukulibaziseka Kweemvume Nemigaqo

Iiprojekthi zifuna iimvume ezininzi ezinokuthatha iinyanga.

Ukulibaziseka okuqhelekileyo:

Iimvume zokwakha zomasipala
EIA delays
Izicelo ze-water licence
Iimvume ze-heritage
Iimvume zokuvala iindlela
I-CIDB requirements

Isisombululo: Qala iinkqubo zemvume kwangethuba kwaye ulandele imeko rhoqo.

Scope Creep Neenguqu Zoyilo

Scope creep yimbangela enkulu yokulibaziseka.

Izizathu eziqhelekileyo ze-scope creep:

Izicelo zomthengi ezongezelelekileyo
Iinguqu zoyilo phakathi nolwakhiwo
Iimeko zendawo ezingalindelekanga
Uyilo olungaphelelanga
Iinguqu ngenxa yemithetho emitsha

Isisombululo: Sebenzisa variation order process ecacileyo, kwaye ulandele ifuthe kwishedyuli.

Iingxaki Zokungena Kwindawo Ne-Logistics

Iingxaki zokungena kwindawo zinokulibazisa umsebenzi kakhulu.

Ukulibaziseka okunxulumene nokungena kwindawo:

Ukuvalwa kweendlela
Iiyure zokungena ezilinganiselweyo
Iindawo ezinzima ukufikelela kuzo
Iingxaki ze-logistics yokuhanjiswa
Izikhalazo zabamelwane

Isisombululo: Cwangcisa ukufikelela kwindawo kwangethuba kwaye ulungelelanise ukuhanjiswa kwezinto kakuhle.

Ifuthe Lokubambezeleka Koonokontraka BaseMzantsi Afrika

Ifuthe Lezemali

Iindleko ezithe ngqo:

I-liquidated damages (R5,000-R50,000 ngosuku)
Ii-overheads zendawo ezongeziweyo
Ukongezwa kokuqeshisa izixhobo
Iindleko zabasebenzi eziphezulu
Ukunyuka kwamaxabiso ezinto

Iindleko ezingathanga ngqo:

Uxinzelelo lwe-cash flow
Opportunity cost yezixhobo ezibotshelelwe ixesha elide
Iindleko eziphezulu zezimali

Ifuthe Kwigama

Abathengi balahlekelwa lithemba
I-word of mouth iba mbi
Amathenda azayo aba nzima ukuphumelela
Ubudlelwane nomthengi buyaphazamiseka

Ifuthe Kusebenza

Izixhobo zibotshelelwa ixesha elide
Ukungqubana nezinye iiprojekthi
I-morale yeqela iyehla
Ixesha lolawulo lijika libe kukulwa iingxaki

Izisombululo: Indlela Yokuthintela Nokulawula Ukubambezeleka Kweeprojekthi

1. Ucwangciso Olomeleleyo Lweprojekthi Neshedyuli

Sebenzisa izixhobo ezichanekileyo zocwangciso:

Gantt charts
Resource allocation
Iitayimlaini zenyani
I-buffer yengozi eyaziwayo

Best practices:

Chonga i-critical path activities
Faka i-buffer efanelekileyo
Cwangcisa izinto ezikhethekileyo zaseMzantsi Afrika
Hlaziya ishedyuli veki nganye
Yazisa bonke ababandakanyekayo ngotshintsho

2. Iinkqubo Zesilumkiso Sasekuqaleni

Landela i-leading indicators:

Schedule variance
Cost variance
Resource utilisation
Isimo sokuhanjiswa kwezinto
Amaxesha okuvunywa kweesetiﬁkethi

Misela izilumkiso:

Izilumkiso ezizenzekelayo xa imisebenzi isala emva
Isilumkiso se-critical path risk
Izilumkiso zokuhanjiswa kwezinto okulibazisekileyo
Ukulandelwa kokuvunywa kweesetiﬁkethi

3. Unxibelelwano Olusebenzayo

Uhlaziyo rhoqo:

Iintlanganiso zeveki
Iintlanganiso zendawo zemihla ngemihla
Unxibelelwano olukhawulezileyo lweengxaki
Variation orders ezibhaliweyo

Ukucaca:

Yabelana ngeshedyuli ehlaziyiweyo
Cacisa ukulibaziseka
Misela okulindelweyo okwenyani

4. Ulawulo Lomngcipheko

Chonga imingcipheko kwangethuba:

Iipatheni zemozulu
Iishedyuli ze-load shedding
Imingcipheko ye-supply chain
Iitayimlaini zemvume
Imbali yentlawulo yomthengi

Amacebo okunciphisa:

Ababoneleli be-contingency
Eminye imisebenzi xa imozulu imbi
Iijeneretha
Iimvume kwangethuba
Uqikelelo lwe-cash flow

5. Ulawulo Lwendawo Noxwebhu

Uxwebhu lwendawo olufanelekileyo:

Iidayari zemihla ngemihla
Iifoto zomsebenzi
Variation orders ezisayiniweyo
Iirekhodi zokuhanjiswa kwezinto
Ukulandelwa kobukho nokuvelisa kwabasebenzi

Kutheni kubalulekile:

Ubungqina kwi-delay claims
Ukuchonga iipatheni
Ukuxhasa iisetiﬁkethi zentlawulo
Ukukhusela kwiingxabano

Kutheni Ii-Spreadsheets Nezixhobo Ezisisiseko Zingonelanga

Abakhi abaninzi basasebenzisa spreadsheets okanye izixhobo ezahlukeneyo ze-accounting. Le ndlela yenza kube nzima ukubona i-critical path, schedule variance, okanye ukugcina uxwebhu oluxhasa amabango.

Le Yabani

Esi sikhokelo senzelwe abakhi bezindlu, oonokontraka borhwebo, kunye nabaphuhlisi bepropathi abasebenza eMzantsi Afrika abafuna ukunciphisa umngcipheko wokulibaziseka.

Iqonga Elinye Lecwangciso, Uxwebhu, Neentlawulo

IWakha inika indawo enye yokulawula inkqubo, ukurekhoda ukulibaziseka, nokugcina iintlawulo zihamba. Iquka Gantt scheduling, critical path tracking, idayari yendawo yedijithali, izilumkiso zakuqala, kunye nokuveliswa kweesetiﬁkethi ze-JBCC/NEC/GCC.

Imibuzo Ebuzwa Rhoqo

Yintoni eyona nto ixhaphakileyo ebangela ukulibaziseka kweeprojekthi zokwakha eMzantsi Afrika?

Ucwangciso olubi nohlelo olungachanekanga luyingcambu, kodwa eMzantsi Afrika i-load shedding kunye neentlawulo ezilibazisekileyo zizinto ezongezelelekileyo eziqhelekileyo.

Kufuneka ndifake i-buffer engakanani kwishedyuli yam?

Kwiiprojekthi zaseMzantsi Afrika faka:

I-10-15% buffer yemozulu
I-15-20% buffer ye-load shedding
I-5-10% buffer ye-scope creep/variations
Ixesha elongezelelweyo leemvume zomthetho

Ibuffer iyonke idla ngokuba yi-20-35%.

Ndingafaka ibango lokulibaziseka okubangelwe yi-load shedding?

Kuxhomekeke kwikhontrakthi yakho. I-JBCC/NEC/GCC inokubonelela phantsi kwe-force majeure kwiimeko ezithile, kodwa i-load shedding eqikelelwayo inokungafaneleki.

Ndingakuthintela njani ukulibaziseka okubangelwa ziintlawulo ezilibazisekileyo?

Sebenzisa ulawulo oluqinileyo lweentlawulo:

Ngenisa iisetiﬁkethi zentlawulo ngexesha
Landelela ukuvunywa ngokukhawuleza
Phumeza imigaqo yekhontrakthi
Sebenzisa uqikelelo lwe-cash flow
Cinga ukumisa umsebenzi xa iintlawulo zihlala zilibaziseka

Bona isikhokelo sethu sokujongana neentlawulo ezilibazisekileyo.

Ndimele ndenze ntoni ukuba iprojekthi sele ibambezelekile?

Ukuba iprojekthi sele ibambezelekile:

Vavanya ifuthe
Chonga izizathu
Hlaziya ishedyuli
Nxibelelana kwangoko
Bhakisha uxwebhu lonke
Thintela ukulibaziseka okongezelelweyo
Cinga ngamabango

Ndingakulandelela njani ukulibaziseka kwiiprojekthi ezininzi?

Sebenzisa isoftwe yolawulo lweeprojekthi enokubonisa i-portfolio yonke. I-Developer plan kaWakha ikunceda ubone:

Ukungqubana kwezixhobo phakathi kweeprojekthi
Ukulibaziseka okuchaphazela iiprojekthi ezininzi
Impilo yeportfolio iyonke
Ifuthe kwi-cash flow

Oku kukunceda wenze izigqibo ezingcono zokwabiwa kwezixhobo nokubeka phambili iiprojekthi.

Isiphelo

Ukubambezeleka kweeprojekthi zokwakha eMzantsi Afrika kuyabiza, kuyacinezela, kwaye konakalisa igama. I-load shedding, iintlawulo ezilibazisekileyo, kunye nokunqongophala kwezinto zenza ucwangciso olomeleleyo, izilumkiso zakuqala, kunye noxwebhu oluqinileyo kubaluleke kakhulu.

Bona indlela iWakha enceda ngayo abakhi baseMzantsi Afrika balawule ukulibaziseka kweeprojekthi zokwakha ngocwangciso, iidayari zendawo, kunye neesetiﬁkethi zentlawulo kwiqonga elinye.

Amanqaku Ahambelanayo: