Umshuwalense Wosonkontileka eNingizimu Afrika: Umhlahlandlela Wokuthobela

Osonkontileka abaningi bathola izikhala zomshuwalense kuphela lapho isicelo senqatshwa, isitifiketi sokukhokha sibambezeleka, noma ikomidi lamathenda licela ubufakazi abangeke bakwazi ukubuveza ngesikhathi. Empeleni, umshuwalense wosonkontileka eningizimu afrika awumayelani kakhulu nokuthenga inqubomgomo, kodwa umayelana kakhulu nokufakazela ukuthi ikhava yakho ihambisana nenkontileka yakho, iphrofayela yobungozi bephrojekthi, kanye nemisebenzi yakho esemthethweni.

Emaphrojekthini aseNingizimu Afrika, ukuthobela umshuwalense kuhlala kuchungechunge lobungozi olufanayo nokuklaswa kwe-CIDB, ukubhaliswa kwe-NHBRC, ukuphathwa kwenkontileka, nokuphepha kwesizinda. Uma idokhumenti eyodwa isiphelelwe isikhathi noma umkhawulo owodwa uphansi kakhulu kunenani lenkontileka, umthelela wezohwebo ungaba khona ngokushesha: ukuxoshwa kumathenda, ukumiswa kwemisebenzi yasesizindeni, noma ukulahlekelwa okungeke kubuyiswe ngemva kwesigameko. Lo mhlahlandlela uchaza indlela yokuphatha umshuwalense egcina osonkontileka benobufakazi, bethobela inkontileka, futhi belungele ukucwaningwa kwamabhuku.

Umshuwalense Wosonkontileka eNingizimu Afrika: Umhlahlandlela Wokuthobela

Kungani ukungathobeli umshuwalense kuba yingozi yephrojekthi

Ukwehluleka komshuwalense akuvamisile ukubangelwa iphutha elilodwa elikhulu. Ngokuvamile kuvela ezikhaleni ezincane zokuphatha ezenganyeka kusukela esigabeni sokufaka amathenda, ekunikezweni kwenkontileka, kuze kube sekulethweni komsebenzi.

Izindawo ezivamile zokwehluleka zihlanganisa:

• ukuthunyelwa kwamathenda ngezincwadi zesimo esihle esesiphelelwe yisikhathi noma ohlelo olungekho
• izinqubomgomo ezisebenzayo, kodwa ezingahambisani nezinhlaka zomshuwalense ezikhethekile enkontilekeni
• osonkontileka abancane abaqala esizindeni ngaphandle kwemikhawulo yesibopho kubantu abavamile eqinisekisiwe
• izindleko ezingaphezulu (excess) ezingahlelelwe kuhlelo lwemali ephuma nengenayo lwephrojekthi
• ukungabi khona kwerekhodi elicacile lokuthi ubani ogunyaze izinguquko zenqubomgomo ngemva kokushintshwa kwesikopo

Esakhiweni sokuthengiselana esibiza u-R35 million eGauteng, isibonelo, usonkontileka angase abe nekhava yesibopho yaminyaka yonke kodwa aphule izibopho zenkontileka uma i-eyjenti eyinhloko idinga ukwandiswa kwekhava yosonkontileka yobungozi bonke (i-CAR) yephrojekthi engagunyaziwe ngaphambi kokuqalisa umsebenzi. Uma isivunguvungu silimaza umsebenzi osuqedwe ingxenye yawo, umshuwalensi angase aphikise isikopo, futhi usonkontileka angagcina ethwele zombili izindleko zokubuyisela kanye nokuvezwa kwesibopho sokubambezeleka.

Ukungathobeli umshuwalense kuphinde kuthinte ukuncintisana kumathenda. Amakhasimende omphakathi nawangasese avame ukuhlola ukulunga, hhayi intengo kuphela. Usonkontileka onezinhlaka zomshuwalense ezicacile, izifinyezo zomlando wezicelo, kanye nobufakazi bokuthobela obakamuva, uvame ukuthola amaphuzu angcono ezingxenyeni zobungozi nokuphatha kunomhlonyelwana onentengo ephansi kodwa onobufakazi obubuthakathaka.

Ukuze uthole umongo owengeziwe wamathenda nokuklaswa, bheka ukuhlaziywa kwemikhawulo yenani lephrojekthi kumhlahlandlela Amazinga nemikhawulo yosonkontileka we-CIDB kanye nohlaka olubanzi lokuthobela ku-Ukuklaswa kwe-CIDB kuchaziwe.

Umshuwalense wosonkontileka eningizimu afrika: umongo womthetho nenkontileka

Izibopho zomshuwalense ekwakhiweni eNingizimu Afrika zibunjwa umthetho kanye nenkontileka. Kudingeka wanelise imisebenzi esemthethweni kuqala, bese wengeza izidingo ezikhethekile zephrojekthi ezivela ku-JBCC, i-NEC, i-GCC, izimo zamakhasimende, kanye nezivumelwano zabakweletisi.

Imithombo emqoka yokuthobela okufanele ulandelele:

Umthombo	Kushoni ekuthobeleni umshuwalense	Ubufakazi obufanele bulungiswe
UMthetho Wezempilo Nokuphepha Emsebenzini (Umthetho 85 ka-1993) kanye Nemithetho Yezokwakha, 2014	Isibopho sokuhlinzeka nokugcina indawo yokusebenza ephephile futhi engenabungozi bempilo, esekelwa ukulawulwa kobungozi okunekhono	Ukuhlolwa kobungozi, izitatimende zezindlela, amarejista ezigameko, uxhumano phakathi kokulawula ubungozi nemibandela yenqubomgomo
UMthetho Wesinxephezelo Semikhuba Nezifo Ezihlangana Nomsebenzi (i-COIDA)	Abaqashi kufanele babhalisiwe futhi babe sesimweni esihle kwizibopho zesinxephezelo sokulimala kwabasebenzi	Incwadi yesimo esihle, izitatimende zamaholo, amarekhodi okukhokhwa kokuhlolwa
Uhlaka lwe-CIDB (umongo wamathenda namakhono)	Amakhasimende ahlola ukuthi ukuphatha nokulawula ubungozi kulingene yini nesilinganiso sephrojekthi kanye nezifiso zamazinga	Ohlelo lomshuwalense oluhambisana nenani lephrojekthi, uhlu lokuhlola ukuphatha, amarekhodi okugunyazwa kwebhodi noma abaphathi
Izidingo ze-NHBRC (amaphrojekthi ezindlu)	Abakhi bezindlu badinga ukulawulwa okuhambisanayo kokuthobela kubhaliso, izigaba zokuhlola, nobungozi beziphutha	Ubufakazi bokubhaliswa, amarekhodi okuhlola, inqubo yokuphendula iziphutha, isivikelo sochwepheshe lapho kufanelekile
Imibandela yenkontileka ye-JBCC/NEC/GCC	Inkontileka ingase iphoqe izigaba ezithize zenqubomgomo, imikhawulo, amaqembu aqondene aqinisekisiwe, kanye nezikhathi zekhava	Uhlelo lomshuwalense wenkontileka, izinguquko, ukuqinisekiswa kwabathengisi bomshuwalense, idayari yokuvuselelwa

Ngokwenzeka, ukuthobela inkontileka ngokuvamile kudlula “ingabe unomshuwalense?” futhi kubuza:

• Ingabe iqembu elifanele linomshuwalense wesenzo esifanele?
• Ingabe umkhawulo wesivikelo uphakeme ngokwanele kule phrojekthi nakulo mqashi?
• Ingabe ulimi olugunyaziwe ngumshuwalensi luhambisana nemibandela yenkontileka?
• Ingabe isikhathi sekhava sifaka izibopho zesibopho seziphutha lapho kudingeka?
• Ungakwazi ukuveza ubufakazi phakathi namahora angu-24 uma ucelwa?

Yingakho umshuwalense kufanele uphathwe njengomsebenzi wokuthobela olawulwayo, hhayi njengokuthengwa kwaminyaka yonke okwenzeka kanye kuphela.

Inqubo yokusebenza yokuthobela umshuwalense esebenzayo yosonkontileka

Sebenzisa inqubo enezigaba eqala ngaphambi kokuthunyelwa kwamathenda futhi iqhubeke kuze kube sekuvalweni. Lokhu kunciphisa ukumangala futhi kugcina amaqembu ephrojekthi ehambisana nezibopho zezohwebo nezomthetho.

1) Yakha uhlelo lwenkontileka-kuya-kunqubomgomo esigabeni samathenda

Ngaphambi kokuthunyelwa, khipha yonke imibandela yomshuwalense kunkontileka eyisiqephu, isikopo, nezidingo zomqashi. Bhalisa umbandela ngamunye ku:

• uhlobo lwenqubomgomo oludingekayo
• umkhawulo wesivikelo/wekhava odingekayo
• iqembu elinesibopho (umqashi, usonkontileka oyinhloko, usonkontileka omncane)
• idokhumenti yobufakazi edingekayo yokunikezwa
• usuku lokubuyekeza ngaphambi kokuqalisa umsebenzi

Lolu hlelo luba umthombo owodwa wamaqembu omhlonyelwana, omthetho, ezohwebo, nasesizindeni.

2) Qinisekisa amaphepha asemthethweni kuqala

Amathenda amaningi ehluleka ebufakazini basekelo bokuthobela. Qinisekisa ukuthi wonke amarekhodi omshuwalense asemthethweni akamuva:

• incwadi yesimo esihle ye-COIDA
• izitatimende zokungasebenzi nezamaholo lapho kudingeka
• izinqubo zokulimala emsebenzini eziboniswa emadokhumentini okwethulwa esizindeni

Uma ubufakazi obusemthethweni buphelelwa yisikhathi, izinga lomshuwalense wenkontileka ngeke lisindise ukuthunyelwa.

3) Hambisanisa ulimi lwenqubomgomo nemibandela yenkontileka

Ungacabangi ukuthi ulimi olujwayelekile lwanele. Cela umthengisi wakho womshuwalense nomeluleki wakho womthetho ukuqinisekisa ukuhambisana kwe:

• ukudedelwa kokungenelela (subrogation) lapho kudingeka
• ukuqokwa kwesithakazelo somqashi oyinhloko
• ubumbano lwesibopho nokusabalala komlilo lapho kufanelekile
• ukusebenza kwe-SASRIA ngokwephrofayela yephrojekthi
• isilinganiso sendawo nokuphathwa kosonkontileka abancane

Gcina izifakazelo ezibhaliwe efayilini yokuthobela yephrojekthi, hhayi ku-imeyili kuphela.

4) Lawula ukungeniswa komshuwalense wosonkontileka abancane

Ukwehluleka kosonkontileka abancane kungenye yezingozi ezikhulu ezifihlekile emisebenzini yezakhiwo nezokwakha. Yakha umthetho wesango: akukho ukungeniswa nokungena esizindeni kuze kube ubufakazi obuncane bomshuwalense buqinisekisiwe futhi bubhalisiwe.

Ubufakazi obudingekayo bokungeniswa kufanele ngokuvamile bufake:

• uhlelo lwamanje lwesibopho kubantu abavamile
• isimo sesinxephezelo sabasebenzi
• izinsuku zokusebenza kwenqubomgomo ezifaka isikhathi somsebenzi ohleliwe
• ukuqinisekiswa kwekhava yochwepheshe emisebenzini enobungozi obuphezulu (isibonelo, ukudilizwa kwesakhiwo noma imisebenzi yokuphakanyiswa ekhethekile)

5) Xhuma umshuwalense nokuphathwa kwezinguquko

Uma isikopo sishintsha, ukuvezwa komshuwalense kuyashintsha. Noma imuphi umyalelo wenguquko ogunyaziwe kufanele uvule umsebenzi wokubuyekeza umshuwalense. Uma inani lephrojekthi, imisebenzi, noma iphrofayela yobungozi ishintsha ngokubalulekile, buyekeza imikhawulo nezinguquko ngaphambi komsebenzi oshintshiwe uqhubeka.

6) Misa izixazululo zokuvuselelwa nokucwaninga

Sebenzisa umjikelezo wesikhumbuzo sokuvuselelwa wezinsuku ezingu-60/30/14 kanye nokuhlolwa kokuthobela kwanyanga zonke kuwo wonke amaphrojekthi asebenzayo. Umgomo ukuvimbela ukuphela kwesikhathi ngesikhathi seminyaka yokulethwa okuphezulu nokugcina ukulungela ubufakazi ekucwaningweni kwamakhasimende.

Ukugcina lokhu kusebenza, gcina “iphakethe lobufakazi bomshuwalense” esejwayelekile ngephrojekthi elingabelaneka ngesikhathi esifushane nabaqashi, abamele abanikazi bephrojekthi, nabacwaningi bamabhuku. Iphakethe eliyisisekelo elisizayo yile:

• uhlelo lwenqubomgomo lwamanje nezinguquko ezixhumene nezinkomba zemibandela yenkontileka
• ubufakazi besimo sokukhokha kwepremiyamu lapho kudingeka izinqubo zokuphatha zomqashi
• ubufakazi besimo se-COIDA kanye nezinkomba zesitatimende samaholo sakamuva
• irejista lomshuwalense losonkontileka abancane elinezinsuku zokusebenza nemikhawulo egunyaziwe
• uhlelo lokukhulisa isigameko, kufaka phakathi ukuthi ubani owazisa umthengisi womshuwalense, umshuwalensi, umqashi, nomphathi wenkontileka
• ushayamthetho wezicelo obonisa usuku lwesigameko, usuku lokwaziswa, isimo sedokhumenti, kanye nenqubekelaphambili yereserve/yesivumelwano
• ikhalenda yokuvuselelwa enabanikazi abanesibopho, hhayi izinsuku zokuqondisa kuphela

Leli phakethe kufanele lilawulwe njengoba noma yiluphi uhlu lwamadokhumenti enkontileka: linezinguquko ezibhaliswe, kulawulwe ukufinyelela, futhi libuyekezwe emihlanganweni yokulawula yephrojekthi. Uma kuvela izicelo, amaqembu agcina lokhu kuziphatha ngokuvamile axazulula imibuzo yobuchwepheshe ngokushesha ngoba ubufakazi obusekelayo sekuhleliwe futhi buxhumene nenkontileka kakade.

Uma inqubo yakho yokulawula isamele amasipredishithi ahlakazekile, kuqhathanise nokulawula okuhlanganisiwe kulokhu Ukubuka konke kwe-ERP yokwakha eNingizimu Afrika, ikakhulukazi ngokulandelela idokhumenti nenqubo yomsebenzi.

Kungani ukuphathwa komshuwalense okusekelwe kumasipredishithi kwehluleka emaphrojekthini ase-SA

Amasipredishithi abukeka elawuleka ngesizinda esisodwa noma ezimbili. Ehluleka uma unamaphrojekthi enzeka ngesikhathi esifanayo, amaphakethe amaningi osonkontileka abancane, kanye nezidingo ezikhethekile zenkontileka ezishintsha ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.

Amaphethini avamile okwehluleka afaka:

• Ukudideka kwezinguquko: iqembu lezohwebo lisebenza ngohlelo olulodwa kuyilapho amaqembu asesizindeni esebenzisa olunye.
• Akukho msebenzi wokucwaninga: awukwazi ukubonisa ukuthi ubani ogunyaze inguquko, kwenzeka nini, futhi kungani.
• Ukuvuselelwa okuphuthiwe: izinsuku zokuphela kwenqubomgomo zilandelelwa ngesandla futhi izixwayiso azihambisani.
• Uxhumano olubuthakathaka lwenkontileka: idatha yomshuwalense ihlala ihlukene nezibopho ze-JBCC/NEC/GCC kanye namarekhodi ezinguquko.
• Ubufakazi obuhlakazekile: amadokhumenti asekelayo ahlakazeke kuma-inbox, kumadrayivu ahlanganyelwe, nakuzingxoxo ze-WhatsApp.

Lokhu kunobungozi ikakhulukazi ezindaweni ezinamathenda amaningi, lapho ubufakazi bokulawula kudingeka kwenziwe ngokushesha nangokungaguquki. Kuphinde kudale ingcindezi yemali ephuma nengenayo ngoba ukuthobela okuphikisiwe kungabambezela izitifiketi zokukhokha nezingxoxo zeakhawunti yokugcina.

Ubuthakathaka obufanayo bomshini buvela nakwezinye izindawo zokuthobela. Izifundo zokusebenza ku- Izidingo ze-NHBRC eNingizimu Afrika ziyasebenza lapha: uma idatha yokuthobela ihlakazekile, ubungozi bephrojekthi yakho buyakhuphuka ngisho noma ukulethwa kwakho kobuchwepheshe kuqinile.

Isibonelo saseNingizimu Afrika: ukulungela amathenda, inkontileka, nezicelo

Cabanga usonkontileka waphakathi nendawo waKwaZulu-Natal ofaka amathenda ohlelweni lokuthuthukiswa kwemitholampilo kamasipala okubiza u-R48 million kuzindawo ezintathu. Ithenda ifaka izidingo eziqinile zobufakazi bomshuwalense, futhi inkontileka yakhelwe ngokuqedwa okwenziwa ngezigaba nokugcinwa.

Isigaba samathenda

Usonkontileka uthumela:

• uhlelo lwenkontileka-kuya-kunqubomgomo oluxhumene nemibandela yethenda
• amaphepha e-COIDA amanje esimo esihle
• ohlelo lwesibopho kubantu abavamile nolwe-CAR ngemikhawulo ebhalisiwe kunani lephrojekthi
• incwadi yokuqinisekiswa yomthengisi womshuwalense mayelana nokuhambisana kwemibandela nezinguquko

Umphumela: ithenda idlula ukubuyekezwa kokuthobela kwezobuchwepheshe ngaphandle kokubambezeleka kokucacisa.

Ukunikezwa nokuqalisa umsebenzi

Ngaphambi kokusungulwa kwesizinda, usonkontileka uphoqelela isango lomshuwalense wosonkontileka abancane. Osonkontileka abancane ababili abakhethekile baphawulwa ngokungabi nekhava yesibopho eyanele futhi kudingeka bandise imikhawulo yekhava ngaphambi kokuqalisa umsebenzi.

Umphumela: ubungozi obuphansi bezigameko zabantu abavamile abangenamshuwalense ngesikhathi somsebenzi wokuqala.

Isigaba sokuletha

Inguquko yengeza umsebenzi wokufinyelela wesibuko esikhethekile, okwandisa ukuvezwa. Ngoba ukugunyazwa kwenguquko kuvula umsebenzi wokubuyekeza umshuwalense, izinguquko zibuyekezwa ngaphambi kokwenziwa komsebenzi.

Umphumela: ikhava ihlala ihambisana nesikopo esibuyekeziwe, okunciphisa ukungaqiniseki kwesicelo.

Ukuphendula isigameko

Isigameko somoya silimaza umsebenzi wesikhashana esizindeni esisodwa. Usonkontileka angaveza ngokushesha:

• izinguquko zenqubomgomo ezibuyekeziwe
• amarekhodi okuhlolwa kobungozi nesitatimende sendlela
• okubhalwe edayari yesizinda nobufakazi bezithombe
• uchungechunge lokuxhumana ngenkontileka

Umphumela: inqubo yesicelo iqhubeka ngokushesha, futhi ubungozi bengxabano buyancishiswa ngoba ubufakazi buphelele futhi bunesikhathi esiqophiwe.

Umphumela wezimali nokulawula

Iqembu lephrojekthi ligwema izingxabano ezide zezitifiketi zokukhokha ezixhunywe nokungaqiniseki kokuthobela, futhi abaphathi bangabonisa imodeli yokulawula engaphindaphindwa yamathenda esikhathi esizayo.

Ezingeni lephothifoliyo, lokhu kuphinde kwenze ngcono izinga lokubika kwebhodi. Esikhundleni sezibuyekezo zendaba ezinjengo “umshuwalense usukhona”, abaholi bangalandelela izinkomba ezilinganiselwayo: iphesenti lamaphrojekthi anezinqubomgomo ezibhalise imibandela, iphesenti losonkontileka abancane abaqinisekisiwe ngaphambi kokuqalisa umsebenzi, kanye nesikhathi esilinganiselwe sokufaka ubufakazi besicelo ngemva kwesigameko. Lezi zilinganiso zisekela izinqumo ezingcono zokufaka noma ukungafaki ithenda, ikakhulukazi uma amathenda ethwele izinhlawulo zenkontileka eziqinile noma ubungozi obuphezulu bokuxhumana nomphakathi.

Lokhu yiso ushintsho oluyinhloko: umshuwalense uphathwa njengengxenye yokulawula kokuletha, hhayi umsebenzi wokuphatha wangemuva.

Ubani okufanele aqale ngale modeli yokuthobela

Le ndlela ibaluleke kakhulu kwamafemu aseNingizimu Afrika lapho ubunkimbinkimbi benkontileka, ukuhlolwa kwamathenda, noma isilinganiso sephrojekthi kudala ubungozi obukhulu obuvela ekuphathweni okubuthakathaka kobufakazi.

Qala ngale modeli uma:

• ungumakhi wezindlu ohambela emsebenzini omncane wangasese uye emathendeni asemthethweni
• ungusonkontileka oklaswe yi-CIDB ohlose amanani ephrojekthi amakhulu namaphuzu okulawula aqinile
• ungusonkontileka wezokuthengiselana ophatha amaphakethe amaningi osonkontileka abancane ngaphansi kwenkontileka ye-JBCC, i-NEC, noma i-GCC
• ungusonkontileka oholwa umthuthukisi ophatha izinhlelo ezenziwa ngezigaba nezibopho zokubika kubakweletisi nakumasipala
• uyiqembu labaphathi elizama ukunciphisa izingxabano zezicelo, ukubambezeleka kokukhokha, nokulahleka kwamathenda okuhlobene nokuthobela

Kubalulekile ngokufanayo kumafemu akhulayo asuka ekuletheni iphrojekthi eyodwa aye emisebenzini eminingi. Ngomzuzu lapho umphathi oyedwa wezohwebo eqondisa izindawo eziningi, ukulandelelwa komshuwalense okungahleliwe kuba yisithiyo sokulawula. Ukwenza ubufakazi bokuthobela bufane emaphrojekthini konke kuvumela ukuthunyelwa kwamathenda okungaguquki, ukubuyekezwa komthetho okusheshayo, kanye nokudluliselwa okuhlanzekile phakathi kwamaqembu okulinganisa, enkontileka, nokusebenza. Ezindaweni ezinokushintsha kwabasebenzi okuphakeme, lokhu kuqhubeka nakho kubalulekile ngoba izinga lokuthobela akufanele lincike kumuntu oyedwa onolwazi okhumbula yonke imininingwane yemibandela.

Uma ibhizinisi lakho selibuyekeza izakhiwo zenkontileka namasu okukhokha, hlanganisa ukulawula komshuwalense nokulawula okuku- JBCC vs NEC vs GCC izinkontileka kanye nezitifiketi zokukhokha zenqubekelaphambili eNingizimu Afrika. Lokhu kulawula kuncikene; ukuqinisa indawo eyodwa ushiye enye ingananakiwe ngokuvamile kushiya ubungozi obufanayo bezohwebo bungaxazululwanga.

Gcina umshuwalense wosonkontileka eningizimu afrika ulungele ubufakazi

Umyalezo osele ulula: umshuwalense wosonkontileka eningizimu afrika kufanele uphathwe njengesistimu yokuthobela eqhubekayo exhunyene nokulungela amathenda, izibopho zenkontileka, nokulawula kwephrojekthi. Uma amadokhumenti akho, imikhawulo, izinguquko, nenqubo yokubuyekeza kuhambisana, wenza ncono ukungaqiniseki kwesicelo futhi uvikela imiphumela yohlelo nemali ephuma nengenayo.

Uma ufuna indlela ecacile yokuphatha ubufakazi bokuthobela kuzinkontileka, amaqembu, nezindawo, bheka ukuthi i-Wakha isekela kanjani osonkontileka baseNingizimu Afrika ngenqubo yokulawula ehlelekile endaweni eyodwa: /wakha.