Kusuka ku-Excel uye ku-Software Yebunjiniyela Bemphakatsi

Emakontraka lamanyenti ebunjiniyela bemphakatsi aseNingizimu Afrika aphatsa umsebenti loku-oda we-R100,000,000 ngefolda yema-spreadsheet lacondvwa ngu-QS munye kuphela. Kuyasebenta kuze kube kungasasebenti. Kulinganisa kabusha akuhlangani nesitifiketi. Lishidi lemishini lishiya emaviki lamatsatfu emahora. Nobe umnjiniyela wesiteni abuta ngelushintjo (variation) lwetinyanga letisiphohlongo letendlulile, futsi kute lotfola inguculo lowayifaka.

Lomhlahlandlela uchaza kutsi i-Excel isilela kuphi esiteni sebunjiniyela bemphakatsi nekutsi usuka njani uye ku-software yekwakha ngetinyatselo ngaphandle kwekulahlekelwa yidatha yakho. Ubuye uchaze loko lokufanele ukugcine ku-Excel ngemuva kwaloko. Ubhalelwe baphatsi bemakontraka, ema-QS nebacondzisi bemabhizinisi e-CIDB CE sigaba 5 kuya ku-9.

Kungani Emakontraka Ebunjiniyela Bemphakatsi Asasebentisa I-Excel?

I-Excel yawina emasiteni ebunjiniyela bemphakatsi ngobe beyiguculeka, ishibhile futsi seyivele ifakiwe, futsi tindlela letinyenti letinye betingawucondzi umsebenti webunjiniyela bemphakatsi. Emakontraka ebunjiniyela bemphakatsi alinganiswa kabusha nge-chainage, asebenta nge-GCC nobe i-NEC, futsi atfola nobe alahlekelwa yimali ngemishini. I-software lenyenti yekwakha ayizange yentelwe loko, ngako licembu lebhizinisi lakha emabhuku alo e-Excel.

I-software yekwakha takhiwo ivamise kwentelwa emakontraka e-JBCC nenchubeko ngesitezi nobe ngeyunithi. Umgwaco nobe lupayipi lwemanti lolukhulu kunaloko kusebenta nge-GCC (i-SAICE General Conditions of Contract) nobe i-NEC.

I-Excel ithuluzi lelihle. Inkinga kutsi likontraka lebunjiniyela bemphakatsi lelisebentako lirekhodi lelabelwanako, lelihlolwako lelihlala iminyaka. I-spreadsheet lifayela lemuntfu.

I-Excel Isilela Kuphi Esiteni Sebunjiniyela Bemphakatsi?

I-Excel isilela etindzaweni letisitfupha letifanako cishe kuwo onkhe emakontraka ebunjiniyela bemphakatsi: kulinganisa kabusha, imishini nemafutha, titifiketi tekukhokha, emasiteni lamanyenti ngesikhatsi sinye, tinguculo temafayela nekusebenta ngaphandle kwe-inthanethi. Ngayinye idla imali kanye nesikhatsi. Nangabe ubona letintsatfu nobe ngetulu kumakontraka akho, ema-spreadsheet akho atfwele ingoti lenkhulu kunaleyo lokufanele.

Lapho isilela khona	Loko lokwenteka ku-Excel	Loko lokukubita kona
Kulinganisa kabusha nge-chainage	Emanani asebhukwini linye, i-BOQ kulelinye, sitifiketi kulelesitsatfu. Tixhumanisi tiyaphuka nangabe lotsite angenisa imigca	Emanani lafunwe ngekwehla, nobe timfuno letengetiwe umnjiniyela latisikako bese akasakwetsembi
Imishini nemafutha	Emanani e-hour-meter nemaslip emafutha atayipwa ngeliviki asuka ephepheni, nangabe atayipwa	Kusetjentiswa longakhoni kukufakazela, emanani ekuboleka angekhatsi lakute lowakholwako, kulahleka kwemafutha lakute lowakubonako
Titifiketi te-GCC ne-NEC	Kubanjwa kwemali, imali lekhokhwa kusenesikhatsi, tingucuko nekulungiswa kwemtsengo welikontraka (contract price adjustment) kuhlala kumafomula lakhiwe ngesandla	Lisele linye lelingakalungi lidluliselwa njalo ngenyanga kuze kuhlolwa kulitfole
Emasiteni lamanyenti ngesikhatsi sinye	Umphatsi wesiteni ngamunye usebentisa ithempleti lelehluke kancane	Bacondzisi babona kuphela kutsi ngumuphi likontraka lelilahlekelwa yimali ekupheleni kwenyanga, nobe ngemuva kwaloko
Tinguculo	”Cert 14 FINAL v3 (Thabo edits).xlsx” kuluchungechunge lwe-imeyili	Kute longafakazela loko lokwafakwa nangabe likhasimende lemphakatsi libuta eminyakeni lemibili ngemuva
Ngaphandle kwe-inthanethi nekucinywa kwemandla (load shedding)	Emafayela ahlala ku-laptop yinye yesiteni futsi ahamba nge-memory stick nobe nge-WhatsApp	Ema-dayari lalahlekile, tiyalelo tesiteni letingekho, kufaka kabili nangabe ihhovisi lilandzelela

Luvivinyo lwekuhlolwa. Khetsa sitifiketi lowasifaka kumasipala etinyangeni leti-18 letendlulile. Ungakhombisa yini, ngaphansi kwemaminithi lalishumi, emanani lalinganisiwe, tiyalelo tesiteni letisayiniwe nekuvunywa kwetingucuko ngemuva kwemugca ngamunye? Nangabe imphendvulo incike ku-laptop yemuntfu munye, emarekhodi akho ngeke ame nangabe bahloli belikhasimende befika.

Tingucuko tidzinga secwayiso sato. Ngaphansi kwe-GCC 2025, siyalelo sangemlomo akusiyo i-oda yelushintjo. Kubalwa kuphela i-oda lebhaliwe, leciniswe ngulikontraka. Satiso semfuno nemfuno lenemininingwane nako kuhamba ngetikhatsi letehlukene (bona umhlahlandlela wetfu we-GCC 2015 vs i-GCC 2025 etitifiketini tekukhokha). Nawuweca lilanga lekugcina, usengotini ye-time bar, lokusho kutsi ungalahlekelwa lilungelo lekufuna. I-spreadsheet ayikwecwayisi. Ibhala kuphela, sekwephuzile, kutsi weca lilanga. Kumakontraka e-NEC, lengoti lefanako isebenta kusatiso semaviki lasiphohlongo se-tehlakalo tesinheshelo te-NEC.

Kulinganisa kulenye indzawo lebutsakatsaka. Umhlahlandlela wetfu we-kulinganisa kabusha nge-chainage ukhombisa kutsi ulilandzelela njani linani ngalinye kuya eshidini lelisayiniwe, futsi umhlahlandlela wetfu we-nchubo yesitifiketi sekukhokha se-GCC uchaza umjikelezo wenyanga lowondliwa ngulawo manani.

Ngaphambi Kwekusuka: Yati Loko Lonako

Cala ngeluhlu lwema-spreadsheet akho loluliciniso, ngobe ngeke ususe loko longakakwenteli imephu. Bhala onkhe emabhuku e-Excel lasetjentiswako nemnikati wawo, inhloso, kuvama, tinkhomba nengoti. Bese uwahlela abe ngemarekhodi elikontraka, idatha yemsebenti neluhlatiyo. Ngemacembu lamabili ekucala kuphela ladzinga kususwa.

Likontraka lesigaba 7 lelinemakontraka lamane lasebentako lingaba nemafayela lasebentako langu-40 nobe ngetulu kalula.

Yenta luhlu lwemaviki lamabili. Ebhukwini ngalinye lelisetjentiswako, bhala:

Umnikati: ngubani lolibuyeketako nekutsi ngubani lowetsembele kulo.
Inhloso: kulinganisa, sitifiketi, imishini, umbiko wetindleko, kuhamba kwemali, ithenda, i-HSE.
Kuvama: ngelilanga, ngeliviki, ngenyanga nobe kanye ngelikontraka.
Lokungenako nalokuphumako: lapho idatha ivela khona nalapho iya khona (likhasimende, umcondzisi, luhlelo lwakho lwe-accounting).
Ingoti: kwentekani nangabe lingakalungi nobe lilahlekile isikhatsi seliviki.

Bese uhlela luhlu lube ngemacembu lamatsatfu:

Emarekhodi elikontraka: i-BOQ, kulinganisa, titifiketi, tingucuko, ema-dayari esiteni.
Idatha yemsebenti: imishini, emashidi esikhatsi, titolo, mafutha.
Luhlatiyo: emamodeli e-what-if, kubeka emanani ethenda, kubikezela kuhamba kwemali.

Ususa emacembu lamabili ekucala. Licembu lesitsatfu livamise kuba kahle lapho likhona.

Usuka Njani Ku-Excel Uye Ku-Software Yebunjiniyela Bemphakatsi?

Kusuka lokuhle kuhamba ngelikontraka linye ngesikhatsi, kusebenta ndzawonye sikhatsi lesifishane lesibekiwe, futsi kunemnikati lobitwa ngelibito longakhona kusho kutsi cha. Hlanza idatha yakho yereferensi, hlola likontraka linye, ngenisa i-BOQ lebekwe emanani, sebentisa umjikelezo wesitifiketi munye nobe mibili ndzawonye, bese usa esiteni bese usakatisa likontraka ngelikontraka. Tinyatselo letisikhombisa letingentasi tikhombisa kutsi kwentiwa njani.

Sinyatselo 1: Hlanza idatha yakho yereferensi

I-software yincono njengedatha yereferensi loyifakako, ngako yilungise ngaphambi kwekutsi ungenise nanoma yini. Vumelana ngeluhlu lunye lwemakhodi etindleko nelirejista linye lemishini lelinetinombolo temoto nemanani ekuboleka angekhatsi. Engeta luhlu lunye lwemakontraka lamancane nebaphakeli, kanye nemayunithi lajwayelekile entfweni ngayinye ye-BOQ. Vumela emaviki lamabili kuya kulamane.

Emashidi esikhatsi neluhlu lwebaphakeli nako kuphetse imininingwane yemuntfu, njengetinombolo te-ID netinombolo telucingo. Ngaphansi kwe-POPIA (i-Protection of Personal Information Act), uhlala unesibopho saleyo datha nangabe umhlinzeki we-software ayigcinela wena. Tigaba 19 kuya ku-21 tikhuluma ngetivikelo tekuphepha nesivumelwano lesibhaliwe nalowo mhlinzeki. Susa kuphela loko lusadzinga.

Sinyatselo 2: Khetsa likontraka lekuhlola lelifanele

Khetsa likontraka lekuhlola lelingempela ngalokwenele kufakazela i-software, kodvwa lelingabalulekanga kangangekutsi liphutsa lingalimata libhizinisi. Likontraka lekuhlola lelincono kakhulu lisandza kuniketwa nobe lisesigamwini salo sekucala sekota. Linemnjiniyela wesiteni losebentisanako futsi lisebentisa lifomu lelikontraka lolati kahle, kuvamise kuba yi-GCC 2015 nobe i-GCC 2025. Gwema likontraka lelisengcabanweni nobe lelisele tinyanga letimbili kuya ku-practical completion.

Sinyatselo 3: Faka i-BOQ nesimo sekucala

Ngenisa i-BOQ lebekwe emanani esikhundleni sekuyitayipa kabusha, bese ufaka simo sekucala ngelilanga lekunqamula lelihlanzekile. Bese ufaka emanani lalinganiswe kuze kube manje, titifiketi letikhokhiwe, imali lebanjiwe (retention), tingucuko letivunyiwe netimfuno letivulekile. Hambisanisa inani lesimo sekucala nenani lekugcina lelemukelwe, kuze kube ngerandi, ngaphambi kwekutsi uchubeke.

Sinyatselo 4: Sebentisa kokubili ndzawonye, ngelilanga lekugcina

Sebentisa i-spreadsheet ne-software eceleni kwalokunye umjikelezo wesitifiketi munye nobe mibili, bese uvala i-Excel. Vumelana ngemtsetfo kusenesikhatsi. Nangabe sitifiketi sesibili sifanana ngekhatsi kwemkhawulo lovunyelwene ngawo, i-Excel iba yekufundza kuphela kulelo likontraka.

Sinyatselo 5: Susa nesiteni, hhayi ihhovisi kuphela

Lushintjo lunamatsela kuphela nangabe licembu lesiteni libamba idatha emtfonjeni, lokusho kusebenta ngaphandle kwe-inthanethi. Ema-dayari emalanga onkhe, emahora emishini, kukhishwa kwemafutha, basebenti nemanani nge-chainage kufanele kufakwe esiteni. Idatha ibese ivumelanisa nangabe luphawu lubuya. Cecesha tinduna nemabhalane emishini kucala.

Sinyatselo 6: Sakatisa likontraka ngelikontraka

Nangabe likontraka lekuhlola selihambe imijikelezo lemibili lehlanzekile, sakatisa kumakontraka lamasha kucala, bese kulawo lasavele akhona ngesikhatsi sekuma lokwemvelo. Ungasusi likontraka emkhatsini wemfuno. Ngalendlela libhizinisi lesigaba 7 lelijwayelekile lingasusa onkhe emakontraka alo etinyangeni letintsatfu kuya kuletisitfupha, sitifiketi ngasinye sisemjikelezweni waso lojwayelekile.

Sinyatselo 7: Beka kuphatsa bese ukhiya emafayela lamadala

Nquma kutsi ngubani lonikati irekhodi ngalinye ohlelweni lolusha, bese ugcina emabhuku lamadala njengekufundza kuphela. Bita umnikati weluhlelo, kuvamise kuba ngu-QS lomkhulu nobe umphatsi wemakontraka. Beka emadzima ebasebentisi bese uvumelana kutsi ngubani lovuma tingucuko netitifiketi. Gcina emafayela e-Excel endzaweni yinye, nenothi lelikhombisa lapho idatha lesebentako ikhona manje.

Ungawacitsi emafayela lamadala. Emarekhodi e-accounting awela ngaphansi kwesigaba 24 se-Companies Act (kuvamise kuba yiminyaka lesikhombisa) nesigaba 29 se-Tax Administration Act (kuvamise kuba yiminyaka lesihlanu ngemuva kwe-return). Buta umcwaningimabhuku wakho kutsi ngumaphi emabhuku labalwako.

Usaniketa sitifiketi selikontraka lebunjiniyela bemphakatsi emabhukwini lasihlanu laxhumene? I-Sakha igcina i-BOQ yakho, kulinganisa nenchubeko, titifiketi tekukhokha, emarekhodi emishini ne-dayari yesiteni lesebenta ngaphandle kwe-inthanethi ku-software yelifu yinye leyakhelwe emakontraka ebunjiniyela bemphakatsi aseNingizimu Afrika: bona i-demo yemkhicito.

Nguluphi Luhlobo Lwe-Software Lolufanele Kutsatsa Indzawo Ye-Excel?

Luhlobo lwethuluzi lolikhetsako lunquma kutsi lingakanani umsebenti wakho webunjiniyela bemphakatsi lophuma ku-Excel, futsi tindlela letinyenti tifaka incenye kuphela yawo. Ema-app esiteni aphatsa titfombe nemaphutsa, emasuthi asedeskithophu aphatsa kulinganisa tindleko, futsi yi-software leyentelwe bunjiniyela bemphakatsi kuphela letfwala kulinganisa kabusha, imishini netitifiketi te-GCC nobe te-NEC kurekhodi linye. Vivinya indlela ngayinye kulikontraka lakho ngaphambi kwekutsi ukhetse.

Buta bonkhe batsengisi imibuto lefanako, bavivinye nge-BOQ yakho, bese ufananisa timphendvulo ngekubhala.

Loko lokudzingako	I-Excel	Lisuthi lekulinganisa tindleko lasedeskithophu	I-app lejwayelekile yemsebenti nobe yesiteni	I-software yelifu leyentelwe bunjiniyela bemphakatsi
Kulinganisa kabusha nge-chainage	Ngesandla, kubutsakatsaka	Incenye, ehhovisi kuphela	Akwentelwanga loko	Kufakiwe
Titifiketi te-GCC ne-NEC	Emafomula lakhiwe ngesandla	Kuvamise kusese ngemathempleti e-Excel	Kute emafomu emakontraka asekhaya	Kufakiwe
Imishini, mafutha nemanani ekuboleka	Ngesandla	Kulinganiselwe	Kuyivelakancane	Kufakiwe
Kubamba idatha esiteni ngaphandle kwe-inthanethi	Emafayela asendzaweni kuphela	Kubotjelwe kudesikithophu	Kuvamise	Yebo
Basebentisi bangaphandle (umnjiniyela, likhasimende)	Emafayela lanamatselwe ku-imeyili	Tihlalo letengetiwe	Kuvamise	Liphothali lelikhasimende nelemnjiniyela
Sikhatsi sekucala kusebenta	Seyivele ifakiwe	Emaviki, nekufakwa	Emalanga	Emalanga

Ema-app esiteni ancono etitfombeni nasemaphutseni kodvwa akakhiciti sitifiketi se-GCC. Emasuthi asedeskithophu abeka emanani kahle kodvwa ashiya kulinganisa kabusha nemishini kuma-spreadsheet. I-software yekwakha kwebunjiniyela bemphakatsi leyakhelwe emakontraka aseNingizimu Afrika itfwala wonkhe umkhondvo kurekhodi linye lelifu, kusukela enanini lelilinganisiwe kudlula etindlekweni temishini kuya esitifiketini sekukhokha. Umhlahlandlela wetfu we-software yebunjiniyela bemphakatsi eNingizimu Afrika uchaza yonkhe imibandzela yekukhetsa.

Luhlu Lwekuhlola Lwekusuka

Sebentisa loluhlu lwekuhlola kugcina kusuka kusendleleni nekukuvimba kutsi kume emkhatsini. Maka intfo ngayinye ngaphambi kwekutsi uye esigabeni lesilandzelako.

Luhlu luphelele: onkhe emabhuku lasebentako abhaliwe nemnikati, inhloso nengoti.
Idatha yereferensi ihlanziwe, futsi kususwe kuphela imininingwane yemuntfu loyidzingako.
Likontraka lekuhlola likhetsiwe futsi umnjiniyela wesiteni watjelwa.
I-BOQ lebekwe emanani ingeniswe, ayizange itayipwe kabusha, futsi ihlolwe umugca ngemugca.
Kusebenta ndzawonye kulinganiselwe kumjikelezo wesitifiketi munye nobe mibili, ngelilanga lekuphela lelibhaliwe.
Licembu lesiteni licecesheke ekubambeni idatha ngaphandle kwe-inthanethi nasekuvumelaniseni.
Sitifiketi sekucala lesivela ku-software sihlolwe ngekumelana nemagama lasemtsetfweni e-GCC nobe e-NEC.
Emadzima nekuvunywa kubekiwe etingucukweni, etimfunweni nasetitifiketini.
Emabhuku lamadala agcinwe njengekufundza kuphela, nesikhombisi lesiya kurekhodi lelisebentako.
Kukhishwa kwedatha kuvivinywe, ngako uyati kutsi ungawakhipha emarekhodi akho.

Yini Lokufanele Uyigcine Ku-Excel?

I-Excel isese lithuluzi lelincono kakhulu eluhlatiyweni lwakanye, ngako yigcine ekucabangeni bese uyisusa ekugcineni emarekhodi. Gcina emamodeli e-what-if emathenda, timo tekuhamba kwemali nema-pivot edatha lekhishiwe. Susa nanoma yini lomunye umuntfu latayisayina, ayemukele, ayihlole nobe ayetsembele, uyise ohlelweni lolwabelwanako lolunekulandzelela kwekuhlolwa (audit trail).

Kwehlukanisa lokunemphilo kubukeka kanje:

Gcina ku-Excel: emamodeli e-what-if emathenda, timo tekucala tekuhamba kwemali, tifundvo tekukhicita letentiwa kanye, ema-pivot edatha lekhishiwe nemanothi akho.
Susa uyise ku-software: i-BOQ nekulinganisa kabusha, titifiketi, tingucuko netimfuno, ema-dayari esiteni, emahora emishini nemafutha, emashidi esikhatsi ebasebenti, titolo nekutsenga, emarejista e-HSE ne-EMP (environmental management programme).

Umtsetfo lolula: nangabe lomunye umuntfu ngaphandle kwalowo lolibhalile atalisayina, alemukele, alihlole nobe atsembele kulo irekhodi, lifanele kube ohlelweni lolwabelwanako lolunekulandzelela kwekuhlolwa. Khipha ku-software, hlatiya ku-Excel, futsi ungaze ubuyisele umphumela njengelirekhodi lelikhulu (master).

Imibuto Lehlala Ibutwa

Yini i-software yekwakha kwebunjiniyela bemphakatsi?

Yi-software lephatsa irekhodi lebhizinisi nelesiteni lelikontraka lebunjiniyela bemphakatsi. Loko kufaka i-BOQ, kulinganisa kabusha, titifiketi tekukhokha, tingucuko, imishini, basebenti nema-dayari esiteni. Ngekungafani ne-spreadsheet, igcina irekhodi linye lelabelwanako lelinekulandzelela kwekuhlolwa. U-QS, isiteni nemcondzisi bonkhe basebenta ngemanani lafanako.

Singasuka yini emkhatsini welikontraka lelisebentako?

Yebo, kodvwa khetsa lilanga lekunqamula lelihlanzekile, kuvamise kuba ngemuva nje kwekutsi sitifiketi sikhokhwe. Faka simo sekucala, usihambisanise nenani lekugcina lelemukelwe, bese usebentisa umjikelezo munye ndzawonye. Gwema kushintja likontraka lelisemkhatsini wemfuno nobe wengcabano.

Kutsatsa sikhatsi lesingakanani kusuka ku-Excel uye ku-software yebunjiniyela bemphakatsi?

Ebhizinisini le-CIDB CE sigaba 6 nobe 7, hlela emaviki lamabili kuya kulamane edatha yereferensi nemjikelezo wesitifiketi munye nobe mibili kulikontraka lekuhlola. Kusuka nawo onkhe emakontraka kubese kutsatsa tinyanga letintsatfu kuya kuletisitfupha, likontraka ngelikontraka. Kuhlanza idatha kuvamise kutsatsa sikhatsi lesidze kunekusetha i-software.

Isemukeleka yini i-Excel etitifiketini te-GCC?

I-GCC ayiwubeki ithuluzi. Ingoti isebufakazini. Kubanjwa kwemali, tingucuko netimfuno letisakatekile emabhukwini lamanyenti kulukhuni kutifakazela nangabe kuhlolwa. Nanoma ngumuphi ithuluzi lolisebentisako, hlola indlela yesitifiketi sakho ngekumelana nemagama lasemtsetfweni lashicilelwe yi-SAICE.

Umphetfo

Kushiya i-Excel kusho kuguculela emafayela emuntfu abe lirekhodi lelikontraka lelabelwanako. Lelo rekhodi kufanele lisinde ekuhlolweni, ekushintjeni kwebasebenti nasengcabanweni. Cala ngeluhlu bese uhlanza idatha yakho yereferensi. Hlola likontraka linye ngesiphetfo lesicinile sekusebenta ndzawonye, futsi wente kutsi isiteni sibambe idatha emtfonjeni. Gcina i-Excel yekucabanga nekwakha emamodeli. Susa konkhe lokusayinwako, lokwemukelwako nobe lokuhlolwako kuye ohlelweni lolulodvwa. Emabhizinisi lakwenta loku ngekushesha ayabona kutsi ngumaphi emakontraka lenta imali.

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