Kuphatsa Emafutsa Ekwakheni: Vimba Kwebiwa Kwe-Diesel

Esiteni sebunjiniyela bemphakatsi, i-diesel ingulenye yetindleko letinkhulu kakhulu temishini. Ilula futsi kakhulu kuyeba. Lithangi lelikhulu, imishini lelishumi nambili nelishifu lebusuku lelingabukwa kungalahlekelwa ngemakhulu lambalwa emalitha ngeliviki. Kute lobonako kuze kube sekupheleni kwenyanga, lapho tindleko temishini setendlula kakhulu loko lokuvumelekile.

Lomhlahlandlela uchaza kutsi ungakuchuba njani kuphatsa emafutsa esiteni sebunjiniyela bemphakatsi eNingizimu Afrika: kulawula lithangi, emalitha uma kucatsaniswa nemahora emshini, tindlela tekweba ne-KPI letitibambako. Wentelwe baphatsi bemakontraka, baphatsi bemishini nema-site agent. Tonkhe tinombolo tingetekukhombisa kuphela.

Kungani Kulawula Emafutsa Kutsintsa Inzuzo Yakho Ngco?

Emafutsa lalahlekile asuswa ngco enzuzweni yakho, ngobe kute likontraka lelikubuyisela emalitha lowamoshako nobe lowalahlekelako. Emakontraka lamanyenti e-GCC 2015 afaka kulungiswa kwentsengo yelikontraka (CPA) kudatha yelikontraka. Kodvwa i-CPA ilandzela intsengo yemakethe ye-diesel, hhayi emalitha imishini yakho leyishisako.

I-CPA ilungisa loko lokukhokhwa likhasimende ngekusebentisa ema-indices emacembu emsebenti e-Stats SA, futsi i-diesel iyincenye yawo. Ayinandzaba nekutsi i-excavator yakho yemathani la-20 ishise emalitha la-14 ngelihora nobe la-20. Kulikontraka lelinentsengo lengashintji, uphindze utfwale bungoti bentsengo. Umhlahlandlela wetfu we-nchubo yesitifiketi sekukhokha se-GCC ukhombisa kutsi i-CPA ikuphi esitifiketini senyanga.

Lilitha ngalinye lelimuncwako kulahlekelwa lokuphelele. Likontraka lekumba umhlabatsi le-CIDB lizinga 7 lelinemishini leyi-15 kuya kulengu-25 lingasebentisa kalula emalitha la-50,000 kuya ku-60,000 ngenyanga.

NgaSeptemba 2026, intsengo ye-wholesale ye-diesel ye-500 ppm eGauteng beyicishe ibe yi-R29.11 ngelilitha, ngemuva kwe-DMPR kwenyuka kwemasenti la-293.90 ngelilitha mhla ti-2 Septemba 2026. Emanani aselugwini aphansi kancane, futsi Litiko Letemincele Nemafutsa (DMPR) liwabuyeketa nyanga yonkhe. Lomhlahlandlela usebentisa i-R29 ngelilitha.

Ngalentsengo, emalitha la-55,000 abita i-R1,595,000. Kulahlekelwa kwa-2% lokungachazeki kungemalitha la-1,100. Loko kungu-R31,900 ngenyanga, nobe i-R382,800 ngemnyaka esiteni sinye.

Emafutsa ayanyamalala etindzaweni letintsatfu:

Ekuletfweni: ithangi lemafutsa lehlisa lokungaphansi kwaloko lokushiwo yi-delivery note.
Ekugcinweni: emafutsa aphuma ethangini ngaphandle kweslip.
Ekunikweni: emafutsa abhalwa kumshini kodvwa aya kulenye indzawo.

Linganisa futsi ucatsanise tontsatfu, ngaphandle kwaloko kulahlekelwa kuvele kushintje indzawo.

Ulilawula Njani Lithangi Ne-Bowser?

Liphatse lithangi lakho lelikhulu ne-bowser njengelibhokisi lemali: kuvalwe, kunemitha, kulinganiswe futsi kungewemuntfu munye lowatiwako ngelibito. Nika umgcini munye tikhiye, vala tonkhe tindzawo lekuphuma kuto emafutsa, hlola i-flow meter ngesheduli futsi ufake i-dip ethangini njalo ekuseni. Bhala lonkhe luhambo lwe-bowser nalungena naluphuma. Umnikati munye lowatiwako wenta kutsi lilitha ngalinye lilandzeleleke.

Kulawula lokusebentako etiteshini tebunjiniyela bemphakatsi:

Umgcini munye. Umgcini wemafutsa munye lowatiwako ngelibito uchuba lithangi, nemsiti munye lowatiwako. Kute lomunye lonikako. Nangabe wonkhe umuntfu angagcwalisa, kute lonesibopho.
Ema-lokhi ne-anti-siphon. Vala ema-cap ekugcwalisa, ema-nozzle nenkinobho ye-pompi. Faka tikrini te-anti-siphon emathangini emishini lapho ukhona. Tikhiye tihlala nemgcini ne-site agent, hhayi esikhonkosini ekhonteyina.
I-flow meter lelinganisiwe. Hlola imitha ngayinye yekuniketa uyicatsanise nesilinganiso lesilinganisiwe ngesheduli. Imitha lefundza ngetulu nga-2% ifihla kweba kwa-2% unaphakadze.
I-dip yemalanga onkhe. Faka i-dip ethangini ngesikhatsi lesifanako njalo ekuseni. Guculela kufundza nge-calibration chart yemkhiciti welithangi. Bhala nobe ngumaphi emanti lasetansi.
Linelibhande (bund), linekukhanya futsi liyabonakala. Tinhlelo letinyenti tekuphatsa imvelo (EMP) tifuna libhande lelibamba lokungenani i-110% yemandla elithangi. Engeta kukhanya lokuhle futsi, lapho ukhona, ikhamera endzaweni yekuniketa.
Luhambo lwe-bowser lubhaliwe. Faka i-dip ku-bowser lehambako nayiphuma eyadini futsi nayibuya. Lilitha ngalinye emkhatsini lidzinga i-slip.

Kugcinwa kunemitsetfo yemtsetfo futsi. I-SANS 10131 ifaka emathangi emafutsa langetulu kwemhlabatsi etindzaweni tebasebentisi letinjengeyakho. Imitsetfo yemlilo yemasipala leminyenti idzinga imvume nobe sitifiketi setinsita letishisekako ngetulu kwemivumo lebekiwe, ngako hlola nelitiko lemlilo lendzawo ngaphambi kwekutsi lithangi lifike. Kuchitseka lokukhulu kungaba sehlakalo lesiphutfumako ngaphansi kwesigaba 30 se-National Environmental Management Act nesigaba 20 se-National Water Act. Kokubili kubeka tibopho tekubika nekuhlanza.

Umtsetfo wesiteni lofanele kucinisekiswa: kute i-slip, kute emafutsa. Uma umshayeli wemshini angakhoni kunika inombolo yemshini (fleet number) nekufundvwa kwemitha yemahora, umgcini akaniketi. Konkhe lokuhlukile kuba yindlela yekweba ngekhatsi kwenyanga.

I-Slip Yekuniketa Emafutsa Kufanele Ibhale Ini?

Kuvumelanisa kwemafutsa konkhe kuncike ku-slip yekuniketa, ngako yidizayine kutsi kube lukhuni kuyengeta. I-slip lenhle inenombolo lephrintiwe kusengaphambili, inombolo yemshini, kufundvwa kwemitha yemahora, emalitha nekufundvwa kwe-pompi ngaphambi nangemuva, emasayini lamabili nekhodi yetindleko. Ngaphandle kwekufundvwa kwemitha yemahora, ungeke ukhone kubala emalitha ngelihora.

I-slip lenhle ibhala:

inombolo ye-slip lephrintiwe kusengaphambili, lusuku nesikhatsi;
inombolo yemshini (fleet number);
kufundvwa kwemitha yemahora (SMR, service meter reading) yemishini lemphuzi, nobe i-odometer yemaloli;
emalitha laniketiwe, nekufundvwa kwemitha ye-pompi ngaphambi nangemuva;
emasayini emshayeli nemgcini;
ikhodi yetindleko nobe umsebenti.

Ema-slip elilanga kufanele ahlangane nekunyakata kwemitha ye-pompi. Uma i-pompi inyakate ngemalitha la-1,450 futsi ema-slip ahlangana abe ngu-1,300, emalitha la-150 aphume ngaphandle kwephepha.

Kufundvwa kwemitha yemahora kubaluleke ngalokufanako: ngaphandle kwako kute emalitha ngelihora, futsi emalitha ngelihora abamba kukhwabanisa lokunyenti.

Umshini Ngamunye Usebentisa I-Diesel Lengakanani Ngelihora?

Hlukanisa emalitha laniketwe umshini ngemahora lowasebentile, bese ucatsanisa umphumela nelizinga lelibekiwe lalowo mshini. Njengesikhombisi, i-excavator yemathani la-20 kuya ku-22 isebentisa emalitha langaba li-12 kuya ku-18 ngelihora ngaphansi kwemtfwalo lohlanganisiwe. Uma umshini ukhuphuka ngetulu kwelizinga lawo, unenkinga yemshini nobe inkinga yekulawula emafutsa.

Emazinga langentasi tilinganiso ngaphansi kwemtfwalo lohlanganisiwe lojwayelekile. Umhlabatsi, umshayeli neminyaka yemshini konkhe kuyawashintja, ngako yakha lizinga lakho kusuka enyangeni yekucala yedatha lehlanzekile ngenombolo yemshini ngayinye.

Luhlobo lwemshini	Bukhulu lobujwayelekile	Kusetjentiswa lokukhombisako
TLB (backhoe loader)	70 kuya ku-75 kW	6 kuya ku-9 L/h
I-excavator	20 kuya ku-22 t	12 kuya ku-18 L/h
I-excavator	30 kuya ku-35 t	18 kuya ku-26 L/h
I-motor grader	Sigaba se-140	12 kuya ku-18 L/h
I-dozer	Sigaba se-D6	18 kuya ku-26 L/h
I-front-end loader	Sigaba se-950	12 kuya ku-18 L/h
I-smooth drum roller	10 kuya ku-12 t	7 kuya ku-11 L/h
I-articulated dump truck	25 kuya ku-30 t	15 kuya ku-22 L/h
Iloli le-tipper nobe le-water bowser	10 m³ / 10,000 kuya ku-18,000 L	35 kuya ku-50 L/100 km
I-generator	100 kVA nga-75% wemtfwalo	16 kuya ku-20 L/h

Sibonelo lesisebentile: i-excavator yemathani la-20 ekumbeni lokukhulu kwemhlabatsi ibhala emahora emsebenti la-180 enyangeni. Ema-slip ayo akhombisa emalitha la-3,600, lokungu-20 L/h. Lizinga layo kusuka etinyangeni letimbili letendlulile lingu-14 L/h. Umehluko ngu-6 L/h, nobe emalitha la-1,080. Nge-R29 ngelilitha, loko kungu-R31,320 kumshini munye enyangeni yinye.

Ngaphambi kwekutsi ukubite ngekutsi kweba, hlola umshini: i-air filter levalekile nobe ema-injector lagugile akhuphula kusetjentiswa. Uma umshini ulungile, hlola tikhatsi tekugcwalisa, kutsi bekubani lobekasemsebentini, nekutsi kugcwalisa kuyahambisana yini nembiko wemishini welilanga (plant return).

I-Diesel Yebiwa Njani Etiteshini Tebunjiniyela Bemphakatsi?

Kukhwabanisa kwemafutsa esiteni lokunyenti kulandzela tindlela letimbalwa: kumunca, ema-slip lamanga, imishini lengekho (ghost plant), kuletfwa lokungaphelele, emahora lengetiwe, kusetjentiswa kwemuntfu ngamunye nekuhlanganiswa nemanti. Ngayinye ishiya umkhondvo etinombolweni, ngalokuvamile ku-dip yemalanga onkhe, emalitha ngelihora nobe embikweni wemishini. Litafula likhombisa kutsi ubuke kuphi.

Indlela yekukhwabanisa	Kutsi isebenta njani	Lapho ivela khona
Kumunca	Emafutsa ayadonswa emathangini nobe emishinini ebusuku	I-dip yemalanga onkhe ingaphansi kwesitoko lesisencwadzini; imishini idzinga kugcwaliswa ngekushesha
Ema-slip lamanga	Ema-slip abhalelwa emafutsa langazange angene emshinini	L/h ngetulu kwelizinga; kugcwalisa ngemalanga lapho embikweni wemishini umshini ukhombisa kutsi bewungasebenti
Imishini lengekho (ghost plant)	Emafutsa aniketwa enombolweni yemshini lophume ekucashweni, lophukile nobe losesiteni lesinye	Ema-slip emshini lote emahora, nobe lonelikhadi lemsebenti lelivulekile
Kuletfwa lokungaphelele	Ithangi lemafutsa lehlisa lokungaphansi kwe-invoyisi, ngaletinye tikhatsi ngelusito lwesiteni	I-dip ngaphambi nangemuva kwekuletfwa ayihambisani ne-delivery note
Emahora lengetiwe	Umshini ushiywa usebenta ungenti lutfo, nobe i-SMR lengamanga ibhalwa ku-slip, kute emalitha lengetiwe abukeke ajwayelekile	Emahora e-SMR angetulu kwembiko wemishini, i-telematics nobe umsebenti lowentiwe
Kusetjentiswa kwemuntfu ngamunye	Emafutsa ema-bakkie nobe ema-generator asekhaya, nobe ayatsengiswa	Kusetjentiswa kwetimoto letincane kukhuphuka kancane; umehluko wesitoko lote imbangela yemshini
Kuhlanganiswa nemanti	Emanti engetwa kufihla kushoda	Emanti enkhuni ye-dip; tinkinga te-filter nema-injector

Imishini lengekho iyindlela leyeyiswa kakhulu: emafutsa achubeka aya emshinini lowasuka waya kulesinye siteni emavikini lamabili landlulile. Gcina emarekhodi emafutsa nemishini eceleni kwalamanye.

Inchubo Yemalanga Onkhe, Yeliviki Neyenyanga

Inchubo iyehlula kuphenya ekupheleni kwenyanga, ngobe umehluko lotfolwe lamuhla usengachazwa. Lotfolwe emalanga la-30 ngemuva ngalokuvamile ungeke. Faka i-dip futsi uhlole ema-slip onkhe malanga, hlola konkhe kuletfwa, buketa emalitha ngelihora ngeliviki futsi uvumelanise sitoko netindleko ngeyunithi yemsebenti ngenyanga.

Onkhe malanga (umgcini ne-site agent): faka i-dip ekucaleni kweshifu futsi uhlole ema-slip uwacatsanise nemitha ye-pompi. Bese ucatsanisa sitoko lesisencwadzini (i-dip yekuvula, kwengeta lokuletsiwe, kususa ema-slip) ne-dip yangakusasa ekuseni.
Ekuletfweni ngakunye: faka i-dip ngaphambi nangemuva kwekwehlisa, umshayeli akhona. Buta ngako konkhe kushoda ngaphambi kwekutsi kube nalosayina i-delivery note.
Ngeliviki (umphatsi wemishini): hlola emalitha ngelihora ngenombolo yemshini ngayinye uwacatsanise nelizinga. Phawula nobe yini lengetulu nga-10 kuya ku-15%. Fanisa ema-slip nemibiko yemishini yemalanga onkhe.
Ngenyanga (umphatsi wemakontraka nobe i-QS): yenta kuvumelanisa lokuphelele kwesitoko futsi ubale tindleko temafutsa ngeyunithi yemsebenti lowentiwe.

Kuvumelanisa lokulula kwesitoko ekupheleni kwenyanga kubukeka kanje:

Umugca	Emalitha
Sitoko sekuvula (i-dip, lusuku lwekucala lwenyanga)	8,000
Kwengeta lokuletsiwe (kucinisekiswe nge-dip)	60,000
Kususa lokuniketiwe (ngekwema-slip)	58,500
Sitoko sekuvala lesilindzelekile	9,500
Sitoko sekuvala sangempela (i-dip)	8,300
Umehluko longachazeki	1,200 (cishe 2% walokuniketiwe)

Nge-R29 ngelilitha, lesikhala singu-R34,800 kulenyanga. Lizinga lekushisa nemaphutsa ekulinganisa achaza lokunye kwemehluko, ngobe i-diesel iyakhula cishe nga-0.8% kuwo onkhe ema-10°C. Emakontraka lamanyenti abeka kubeketela lokucishe kube ngu-0.5% kuya ku-1% walokwendlulako. Nobe yini lengetulu kwaloko idzinga inchazelo lebhaliwe kusuka esiteni.

Kugcina Emarekhodi Nangabe Siteni Singekho Ku-inthanethi

Emarekhodi emafutsa ehluleka kucala etiteshini letikhashane, ngobe incwadzi yema-slip ihlala ekhonteyina futsi i-spreadsheet ihlala ehhovisi lelikhulu. Lipayipi lelikhashane ngema-80 km edolobheni, lelingenasignali, kulapho kulahlekelwa kukhulu kakhulu futsi idatha incane kakhulu. Imphendvulo kubhala e-pompi ngelithuluzi lelisebenta i-offline bese livumelanisa ngemuva.

Bhala kuniketa ngakunye e-pompi (inombolo yemshini, i-SMR, emalitha) kuselula lesebenta i-offline bese ivumelanisa ngemuva. Lihhovisi lelikhulu ngako libona emalitha ngelihora ngeliviki, hhayi ekupheleni kwenyanga. Gcina kuniketa kwemafutsa kurekhodi linye nemahora emishini nemakhadi emsebenti. Kuhlola imishini lengekho ngako kuba yi-filitha, hhayi kufuna emaphepheni.

I-telematics iyindlela lewusito yekucinisekisa, kodvwa imishini lemidzala nalecashiwe ngalokuvamile ayinayo, ngako gcina i-slip. Uma emarekhodi akho emafutsa asolo ahlala ku-spreadsheet yelihhovisi lelikhulu, umhlahlandlela wetfu wekusuka ku-Excel kuya ku-software yekwakha kwemphakatsi ukhombisa kutsi ungawahambisa njani ngaphandle kwekulahlekelwa ngumlandvo.

Usavumelanisa i-diesel ngencwadzi yema-slip lehlala ekhonteyina yesiteni? I-Sakha igcina kulawula tindleko nedayari yesiteni ye-offline ku-software yinye ye-cloud leyakhelwe emakontraka ebunjiniyela bemphakatsi aseNingizimu Afrika: buka umboniso wemkhicito.

Emakontraka Ebunjiniyela Bemphakatsi Angayifuna Yini Imbuyiselo Ye-Diesel Ye-SARS?

Ngalokujwayelekile, cha: imbuyiselo ye-diesel ye-SARS ayikufaki kwakha, ngako ungalokotsi ubeke intsengo yelithenda lebunjiniyela bemphakatsi shengatsi utawuyitfola. Imbuyiselo isebenta kuphela emisebentini yekucala eluhlwini lolucinile lwemikhakha, njengekulima, emahlatsi netimayini. Emakontraka lasebenta etimayini kufanele ahlole simo sawo ne-tax practitioner lobhalisiwe.

Luhlelo lwembuyiselo ye-diesel ye-SARS lusencenyeni 3 ye-Schedule No. 6 ye-Customs and Excise Act, 1964. Libuyisela ingcenye ye-fuel levy ne-Road Accident Fund levy, kodvwa kuphela emisebentini yekucala eluhlwini lolucinile lwemikhakha: kulima, emahlatsi netimayini emhlabeni, kanye nekusetjentiswa lokutsite elwandle, emachwebeni, ojantji nekukhicita gesi. Kwakha akukho eluhlwini.

Emakontraka lasebenta etimayini kufanele ahlole simo sawo ne-tax practitioner lobhalisiwe. Lesihloko akusiko kweluleka ngentsela.

Kusesiyindlela lewusito: i-SARS ilindzele kutsi labafunako bagcine ema-logbook e-diesel letsengiwe naleyisetjentisiwe iminyaka lesihlanu. Siteni sebunjiniyela bemphakatsi singatibambela kulelizinga lelifanako.

Ngutiphi Ti-KPI Letikhombisa Kutsi Emafutsa Ayalawuleka?

Landzelela tinombolo letisitfupha ngeliviki, ekhasini linye ngesiteni ngasinye, kute ubone kutsi kulawula kwakho emafutsa kuyasebenta yini. Temalitha ngelihora ngemshini ngamunye, emalitha nga-100 km emaloli, umehluko wesitoko, kuphelela kwema-slip, tindleko temafutsa ngeyunithi yemsebenti nesilinganiso sekungasebenti (idle ratio). Tonkhe tindzawonye tikhombisa kweba nekumosha kusesheya.

Emalitha ngelihora ngenombolo yemshini, uma kucatsaniswa nelizinga lalowo mshini.
Emalitha nga-100 km emaloli nema-bowser.
Umehluko wesitoko %: umehluko longachazeki njengengcenye yalokuniketiwe, uma kucatsaniswa nekubeketela kwakho.
Kuphelela kwema-slip: ingcenye yekuniketa lokunenombolo yemshini, i-SMR nemasayini lamabili. Hlosa ku-100%.
Tindleko temafutsa ngeyunithi yemsebenti: emarandi nge-m³ lehanjisiwe nobe ngemitha yelipayipi lelibekiwe, uma kucatsaniswa nesabelo emananini akho. Sebentisa emanani lalinganisiwe kusuka ku-kulinganisa kabusha nge-chainage, kute intsengo ngeyunithi ihambisane naloko lokhokhelwa kona.
Silinganiso sekungasebenti, lapho kukhona i-telematics: emahora ekungasebenti njengengcenye yemahora enjini.

Imibuto Lehlala Ibutwa

Yini kuphatsa emafutsa ekwakheni?

Kuhlanganiswa kwekulawula ngalokubonakalako nangemaphepha lokulandzelela i-diesel kusuka ekuletfweni, ngekugcinwa, kuya kumshini ngamunye. Umsebenti wako kuphawula kulahlekelwa kusesheya.

I-excavator isebentisa i-diesel lengakanani ngelihora?

I-excavator yemathani la-20 kuya ku-22 isebentisa emalitha langaba li-12 kuya ku-18 ngelihora ngaphansi kwemtfwalo lohlanganisiwe, futsi umshini wemathani la-30 kuya ku-35 cishe li-18 kuya ku-26. Yakha lizinga lakho ngenombolo yemshini ngayinye.

Ngikutfola njani kwebiwa kwe-diesel esiteni sekwakha?

Catsanisa ema-dip ekuletfweni nema-delivery note, ema-dip emalanga onkhe nesitoko lesisencwadzini, nemalitha ngemshini ngamunye nemahora lasetjentiwe. Umehluko longetulu kwekubeketela ukhomba kweba nobe liphutsa lemshini.

Emakontraka ebunjiniyela bemphakatsi angayifuna yini imbuyiselo ye-diesel ye-SARS?

Ngalokujwayelekile, cha. Imbuyiselo ifaka luhlu lolucinile lwemikhakha, njengekulima, emahlatsi netimayini. Kwakha akusiko kunye kwayo. Emakontraka lasebenta etimayini kufanele ahlole simo sawo ne-tax practitioner lobhalisiwe.

Umphetfo

Emafutsa angulenye yetindleko letimbalwa temishini longatilawula lilanga ngelilanga. Vala lithangi futsi ulifake imitha, bese wenta umuntfu munye abe nesibopho ngalo. Ungalokotsi uniketele ngaphandle kwe-slip lenenombolo lephetse inombolo yemshini nekufundvwa kwemitha yemahora. Vumelanisa sitoko onkhe malanga, emalitha ngelihora ngeliviki netindleko ngeyunithi yemsebenti ngenyanga. Phatsa umehluko ngamunye njengembuto lodzinga imphendvulo kuleliviki. Kulungiswa kwentsengo, lapho likontraka lakho linako, kulandzela intsengo ye-diesel. Ngemarekhodi akho kuphela lavikela emalitha.

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