Kulinganisa Kabusha nge-Chainage: Kukhokhelwa Kwebunjiniyela

Emgwacweni nome elipayipini, awukhokhelwa emanani lase-bill. Ukhokhelwa emanani longakhona kufakazela kutsi uwakhile. Linyenti letivumelwano tebunjiniyela baseNingizimu Afrika liyalinganiswa kabusha. I-bill of quantities (BOQ) ilinganisela umsebenti kuphela. Loko lokufika esignesheni yakho yekukhokha kulokulinganiswe esiteni, sigaba ngesigaba, ngekuhamba kwe-chainage.

Lomhlahlandlela uchaza kutsi kulinganisa kabusha nge-chainage kusebenta njani etivumelwaneni tebunjiniyela. Ufaka kutsi siyini sivumelwano sekulinganisa kabusha (re-measurement contract), kutsi i-chainage isebenta njani, kutsi ngubani lolinganisako ngaphansi kwe-GCC 2015, kutsi tintfo letindze netemtsamo (volume) tilinganiswa njani, nekutsi emanani lalinganisiwe angena njani esignesheni. Ubhalelwe ema-quantity surveyor (ema-QS), ema-site agent nabaphatsi bemakontraka. Ngumhlahlandlela wekusebenta, hhayi seluleko setemtsetfo. Sivumelwano sakho, ema-specification aso nema-preamble e-BOQ kuhlala kufika kucala.

Kuyini Kulinganisa Kabusha Esivumelwaneni Sebunjiniyela?

Kulinganisa kabusha kusho kutsi emanani e-BOQ alinganiselwe, futsi ukhokhelwa emanani langempela lalinganisiwe ngemanani (rates) lowawafaka ethenda. I-GCC 2015 ichaza i-Re-measurement Contract futsi, esigabeni 6.7.1, itsi emanani ase-BOQ yayo ngemanani lalinganiselwe emsebenti. Ema-rate akho akashintji. Emanani ayashintja.

Loku kufanele umsebenti webunjiniyela, lapho kute lowati umtsamo ngco welitje, kujula kwekugcina kwemsele nome budze lobungempela belipayipi kuze kube umsebenti uphelile. Likhasimende litfwala ingoti yemanani. Umkhontirakhi utfwala ingoti yema-rate.

Ngaphansi kwetivumelwano te-NEC, lomcondvo lofanako uvela kuma-Option lamakhulu lasebentisa i-bill of quantities, njenge-Option B. Emagama netindlela kuyehluka, kodvwa simiso sihlala sinjalo: umtsengo ngeyunithi, kukhokhwa ngemanani lalinganisiwe.

Kulinganisa kabusha kushintja nendlela ema-thenda lahlolwa ngayo. GCC 2015 corrections and FAQ ye-SAICE iphawula kutsi, esivumelwaneni sekulinganisa kabusha, emaphutsa ekubala emugceni alungiswa ngekugcina i-unit rate leyafakwa ethenda bese kulungiswa inani lemugca. Ema-rate akho ngiwo sivumelwano. Wabeke kahle.

Iyini I-Chainage?

I-chainage libanga ngekuhamba kwelayini yekulawula lemiswe kusuka endzaweni yekucala, lesetjentiselwa kutfola umsebenti emigwaceni, emapayipini, emiseleni nasetjantjeni. Ivame kubhalwa njengemakhilomitha kanye nemamitha. Ngako i-chainage 12+340 isho emakhilomitha la-12 nemamitha la-340, nome 12,340 m, kusuka ekucaleni kwelayini. Ema-offset ngesancele nome ngesekudla kwelayini atfola umsebenti lowewela lelayini.

I-chainage likheli lelijwayelekile lemsebenti lomudze. Esakhiweni kusebenta litezi nome i-grid line. Umugca wemanti lamanyenti we-9 km udzinga sikhombo sinye lesabelwana ngumdvwebo, ku-setting out, kulinganisa nesignesha.

Emagama lamatsatfu lotawahlangabetana nawo:

Control line nome centre line: lelayini i-chainage lelinganiswa ngekuhamba kwayo, lebekwe kusuka emklamweni.
Section (sigaba): budze bemsebenti emkhatsini wema-chainage lamabili, lobuvame kusetjentiselwa kulinganisa, kunikela nome luhlelo.
Chainage equation: indzawo lapho i-chainage yemklamo yeca khona, sibonelo ngemuva kwekuhlelwa kabusha kwemgwaco (realignment). Kubhale kuwo onkhe emashidi ekulinganisa, ngaphandle kwaloko utawulinganisa budze kabili nome ungabulinganisi nhlobo.

Ngubani Lolinganisa Umsebenti Ngaphansi Kwe-GCC 2015?

Ngaphansi kwe-GCC 2015, i-Employer’s Agent inquma linani lelilinganisiwe lemisebenti, futsi umkhontirakhi uyalinganisa bese utfumela sitatimende lesisekelako nangabe i-Employer’s Agent iyacela. Sigaba 6.7 sikubeka loku. I-Employer’s Agent inika sicwayiso ngaphambi kwekulinganisa, futsi kufanele ube khona nome utfumele umenteli lonelikhono kutsi abe yincenye.

Umtsetfo lobamba emakontraka usesigabeni 6.7.4. Nangabe wehluleka kuba khona, nome ungatfumeli kulinganisa kwakho nakudzingeka, kulinganisa lokwentiwe nome lokuvunywe yi-Employer’s Agent kutsatfwa njengalokulungile. Emsebentini lolinganiswa kabusha, loko kungahambisa imali lenyenti.

Sinyatselo	Ngubani	Loko lokufanele ukugcine
Siyalelo sekulinganisa	I-Employer’s Agent	Siyalelo lesibhaliwe netidzingo taso
Sicwayiso sekulinganisa	I-Employer’s Agent	Lilanga, sikhatsi nesigaba lesitawulinganiswa
Kulinganisa ndzawonye (joint measurement)	Tinhlangotsi tombili	Emashidi esiteni lasayiniwe nge-chainage nangesigaba
Sitatimende lesisekelako	Umkhontirakhi	Kulinganisa kanye nesitatimende sakho senyanga
Sitifiketi sekulinganisa	I-Employer’s Agent	Linani lelivunyelwene kuyo yonkhe intfo ye-bill

Umtsetfo wekusebenta ulula. Ungaphutsi kulinganisa, futsi ungavumeli umsebenti kutsi umbonywe ngaphambi kwekutsi ulinganiswe. I-GCC 2015 iphindze ifune imvumo ye-Employer’s Agent ngaphambi kwekutsi umsebenti umbonywe. Nangabe umsele ugcwaliswa ngaphambi kwekutsi umbhede (bedding) nelipayipi kulinganiswe, usala uphikisana ngetitfombe.

Tintfo Letindze Netemtsamo Tilinganiswa Njani?

Intfo ngayinye ye-bill ilinganiswa ngeyunithi nangendlela lebekwe yi-specification yemsebenti nema-preamble e-BOQ, imvamisa nge-chainage emsebentini lomudze. Ema-specification ebunjiniyela, njengetigaba te-SANS 1200 nome ema-specification e-COLTO emsebenti wemigwaco, afaka imitsetfo yekulinganisa nekukhokha kuntfo ngayinye. Kufundze ngaphambi kwekubeka umtsengo, uphindze futsi ngaphambi kwekulinganisa.

Tintfo letijwayelekile tebunjiniyela nekutsi tivame kulinganiswa njani:

Intfo	Iyunithi lejwayelekile	Ilinganiswa njani ngekuhamba kwe-chainage
Kumba lokukhulu (cut and fill)	m³	Ema-cross-section ngetikhala te-chainage letibekiwe, imitsamo emkhatsini wato
Emalungcweti emgwaco (pavement layers)	m³ nome m²	Budze emkhatsini wema-chainage buphindvwe ngebubanzi nebukhulu lobubekiwe
Ema-kerb nema-channel	m	Budze ngekuhamba kwelayini, ngeluhlobo
Emapayipi	m	Budze emkhatsini wema-chainage, ngebubanzi (diameter) futsi kuvame ngelibanga lekujula
Kumba umsele	m³ nome m	Ngekwe-specification, kuvame ngelibanga lekujula nangesigaba setintfo
Ema-manhole nema-chamber	Linani	Kubalwa ngeluhlobo nekujula, kutfolwa nge-chainage
Imimaka yemgwaco	m nome m²	Budze nome indzawo ngeluhlobo, nge-chainage

Emayunithi langetulu ajwayelekile, akabekiwe. Sivumelwano lesinye singakhokhela kumba umsele ngekhubhikhi mitha, lesinye ngemitha yemsele ngemabanga ekujula. I-specification nema-preamble e-BOQ ngiko lokunqumako. Nangabe akuvumelani, kuphakamise ngaphambi kwekutsi umsebenti ucale.

Uyibala Njani Imitsamo Yekumba nge-Chainage?

Kumba kuvame kulinganiswa kusuka kuma-cross-section latsatfwe ngetikhala te-chainage letibekiwe, futsi umtsamo emkhatsini wema-section lamabili ubalwa kusuka etindzaweni tawo. Indlela lejwayelekile yi-end-area method: tfola silinganiso setindzawo tema-cross-section lamabili, bese uphindzaphindza ngelibanga emkhatsini wawo. Sivumelwano sakho nome i-specification ingabeka lenye indlela, ngako hlola kucala.

Ifomula itsi: umtsamo = (indzawo 1 + indzawo 2) / 2 × libanga.

Nasi sibonelo sekusika (cut) ku-100 m, kunema-section onkhe ema-20 m:

Kusuka ku-chainage	Kuya ku-chainage	Indzawo ekucaleni (m²)	Indzawo ekugcineni (m²)	Budze (m)	Umtsamo (m³)
1+200	1+220	14.0	18.0	20	320
1+220	1+240	18.0	16.5	20	345
1+240	1+260	16.5	12.0	20	285
1+260	1+280	12.0	10.5	20	225
1+280	1+300	10.5	13.0	20	235
Kuphelele				100	1,410

Nge-bill rate yesibonelo ye-R85 nge-m³, lesigaba sibita R119,850. Nangabe i-BOQ beyilinganisela 1,200 m³ kulobudze lobufanako, ukhokhelwa 1,410 m³ lowayilinganisa, inqobo nje nangabe kulinganisa kuvunyelwene.

Emazinga emhlabatsi wekucala (original ground levels) asisekelo saloku kubala. Vumelana ngawo nemnjiniyela wesiteni (resident engineer) ngaphambi kwekutsi uhlube nome umbe. Nangabe umhlabatsi sewuhambile, nebufakazi bakho buhambile.

Usalinganisa umgwaco ngetincwadzi tesiteni ne-spreadsheet? I-Sakha ihlanganisa kulinganisa nenchubeko, kulinganisela ne-BOQ, nemasignesha ekukhokha kuyo i-software yelicloud lenye lakhelwe emakontraka ebunjiniyela baseNingizimu Afrika, kunephothali lapho umnjiniyela angabuyeketa khona irekhodi: bona i-demo yemkhicito.

Kulinganisa Kabusha Kungena Njani Esignesheni Yekukhokha?

Inyanga ngayinye, linani lelivunyelwene kuze kube manje lentfo ngayinye ye-bill liphindzaphindzwa nge-rate yayo, futsi lelo linani liba ngumugca wemsebenti lolinganisiwe esignesheni. Ngobe emasignesha ayahlanganiswa (cumulative), usayina linani lelilinganisiwe kuze kube manje, hhayi umsebenti wanyalo kuphela. Liphutsa lelilungiswe kulenyanga lilungisa inani lonkhe.

Kubuka lokulula kwetintfo letintsatfu emkhatsini wesivumelwano:

Intfo ye-bill	Linani le-BOQ (lilinganiselwe)	Lokulinganisiwe kuze kube manje	Rate	Linani kuze kube manje
Bulk cut to fill	18,000 m³	12,600 m³	R85	R1,071,000
Lipayipi le-uPVC, 250 mm	4,200 m	3,150 m	R1,240	R3,906,000
Kerbing, type 1	6,500 m	2,800 m	R310	R868,000
Umsebenti lolinganisiwe sewuphelele kuze kube manje				R5,845,000

Tinombolo tesibonelo. Lelo nani liphakela isignesha, ngaphambi kwetinguchuko (variations), kulungiswa kwemitsengo, kubanjwa kwemali nekukhokha kwangaphambilini. Umhlahlandlela wetfu we-nchubo yesignesha yekukhokha ye-GCC uchaza lokunye lokusesignesheni, tikhatsi temalanga la-7 nela-28 nekubanjwa kwemali.

Emaphuzu lamabili ngemanani lehlukile kulase-bill:

Lushintjo enanini akusilo variation ngekwalo. Esivumelwaneni sekulinganisa kabusha, emanani alindzeleke kunyakata. I-variation lushintjo emisebentini loluyalelwe ngaphansi kwesivumelwano. Kugcine kwehlukene emarekhodini akho.
Tinguchuko letinkhulu tingatsintsa letinye tintfo. I-GCC 2015 ifaka indlela yekulungisa ema-General Item lapho inani lato tonkhe tinguchuko lendlula liphesenti lelibekwe ku-contract data (sigaba 6.11). Landzelela lelo nani njengoba uchubeka.

Tiphikiswano Tekulinganisa Kabusha Ticala Kuphi?

Linyenti letiphikiswano tekulinganisa kabusha licala esiteni, emaviki ngaphambi kwesignesha, lapho linani lilinganiswa sekwephuzile, ungewedvwa nome lingalinganiswa nhlobo. Ngesikhatsi i-Employer’s Agent ibuta ngalo, umhlabatsi sewumbonyiwe futsi irekhodi libuthakatsaka. Kuvimba kushiphile kunanoma ngumuphi umphikiswano.

Timbangela letijwayelekile:

Kute emazinga emhlabatsi wekucala. Ngaphandle kwemazinga lavunyelwene ngaphambi kwekumba, imitsamo ye-cut and fill kucagela.
Umsebenti umbonywa ngaphambi kwekulinganiswa. Emapayipi, ema-bedding nemalungcweti alinganiswa ngenkhumbulo nome ngetitfombe.
Imingcele yetigaba ibalwa kabili. Emashidi esiteni lamabili lafaka womabili i-chainage 2+500.
Ema-chainage equation abukelwa phansi. Budze lobewela i-realignment bulinganiswa nge-chainage lengalungi.
Emayunithi langafanani ne-bill. Kulinganisa umsele ngemitha kantsi i-bill ikhokha ngekhubhikhi mitha.
Kuvumelana sekwephuzile. Kulinganisa kuvunyelwana ngako ngemuva kwetinyanga, ngemuva kwekutsi basebenti sebahambile.

Luvivinyo lwesigaba. Khetsa nanoma ngusiphi sigaba se-200 m esivumelwaneni sakho lesisebentako. Ungakhombisa yini emazinga emhlabatsi wekucala, ema-cross-section, emashidi ekulinganisa lasayiniwe nemugca wesignesha lawaphakela wona, ngaphansi kwemizuzu leyishumi? Nangabe akunjalo, kulinganisa kwakho kuyingoti esignesheni lelandzelako naku-final account.

Ngumaphi Emarekhodi Lenta Kulinganisa Kabusha Kume?

Irekhodi lekulinganisa kabusha liyema lapho linani ngalinye lingalandzelelwa kusuka entfweni ye-bill kuya ku-chainage, ekulinganiseni lokusayiniwe nasesignesheni. Leyo ntsambo ngiyo umhloli welikhasimende lemphakatsi latawuyilandzela, ngaletinye tikhatsi eminyakeni ngemuva kwekuphela. Iphindze ibe sisekelo selinani lekugcina lesivumelwano lelisetjentiswa yi-cidb kamuva njengemlandvo wemsebenti (track record).

Gcina, kuso sonkhe sigaba:

i-survey yemhlabatsi wekucala nemazinga lavunyelwene;
ema-cross-section nekubalwa kwemtsamo;
emashidi ekulinganisa ndzawonye lasayiniwe, nge-chainage nangentfo ye-bill;
titfombe letihlanganiswe ne-chainage nelilanga;
inombolo yesignesha lelinani ngalinye lakhokhwa ngayo.

I-software yekuphatsa kwakha kwebunjiniyela lefana ne-Sakha irekhoda kulinganisa nenchubeko nge-chainage nangesigaba, futsi ikuhlanganise ne-BOQ nesignesha yekukhokha. Umnjiniyela angabuyeketa lelo rekhodi lelifanako ngephothali, ngako kuvumelana kwenteka umsebenti usabonakala. Emanani ekugcina lahlanzekile kusukela ngelilanga lekucala aphindze enta bufakazi bakho be-CIDB CE grading bube lula kubutfola.

Imibuto Lehlala Ibutwa

Kuyini kulinganisa kabusha ekwakheni?

Yindlela yesivumelwano lapho i-bill of quantities ilinganisela umsebenti kuphela, futsi umkhontirakhi akhokhelwa emanani langempela lalinganisiwe, ngema-rate lafakwa ethenda. I-GCC 2015 iyibita ngekutsi yi-Re-measurement Contract. Ijwayelekile emsebentini webunjiniyela, lapho emanani ekugcina angatiwa ngesikhatsi sethenda.

I-chainage lenjenge-12+340 isho kutsini?

Isho emakhilomitha la-12 nemamitha la-340, nome 12,340 m, ngekuhamba kwe-control line kusuka endzaweni yayo yekucala. I-chainage inika yonkhe incenye yemgwaco, lipayipi nome umsele sikhombo sinye semidvwebo, setting out, kulinganisa nekukhokha.

Ngubani lolinganisa umsebenti ngaphansi kwe-GCC 2015?

I-Employer’s Agent inquma linani lelilinganisiwe ngaphansi kwesigaba 6.7. Umkhontirakhi uyalinganisa futsi atfumele sitatimende lesisekelako nakudzingeka, futsi abe khona ekulinganiseni ndzawonye ngemuva kwesicwayiso. Nangabe umkhontirakhi angabi khona nome angatfumeli, kulinganisa kwe-Employer’s Agent kutsatfwa njengalokulungile.

Kwendlula kwelinani kuyi-variation yini?

Hhayi ngekwako. Esivumelwaneni sekulinganisa kabusha, emanani alindzeleke kwehluka kulase-bill, futsi ukhokhelwa linani lelilinganisiwe nge-bill rate. I-variation lushintjo emisebentini loluyalelwe ngaphansi kwesivumelwano, lolubekwa linani ngaphansi kwetigaba talo.

Imitsamo yekumba ibalwa njani nge-chainage?

Imvamisa nge-end-area method: tsatsa ema-cross-section ngetikhala te-chainage letibekiwe, tfola silinganiso setindzawo tema-section lamabili bese uphindzaphindza ngelibanga emkhatsini wawo. Hlola indlela lebekwe yi-specification nesivumelwano sakho ngaphambi kwekulinganisa.

Umphetfo

Kulinganisa kabusha kukhokhela loko longakufakazela. Lungisa ema-rate akho ethenda, bese uvumela emanani lalinganisiwe atfwale linani. Sebentisa i-chainage njengelikheli linye lalo lonkhe linani. Vumelana ngemazinga ekucala ngaphambi kwekumba, ungaphutsi kulinganisa ndzawonye, futsi ungambonyi umsebenti ngaphambi kwekutsi ulinganiswe. Landzelela yonkhe imigca yesignesha ubuyele eshidini lelisayiniwe nasesigabeni. Kwenta loko njalo ngenyanga, futsi i-final account iba yisamba, hhayi imphi.

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