Ukuphinda kulinganiswe nge-chainage: indlela yentlawulo

Kwindlela okanye kwipayipi, awuhlawulwa ngobungakanani obusebhilini. Uhlawulwa ngobungakanani obunokubonisa ukuba wabwakha. Uninzi lweekhontrakthi ze-civil zaseMzantsi Afrika ziphinda zilinganiswe. I-bill of quantities (BOQ) iqikelela kuphela umsebenzi. Oko kufika kwisatifikethi sakho sentlawulo kukulinganiswa okwenziwe esizeni, icandelo ngalinye, ngokuhamba nechainage.

Esi sikhokelo sichaza indlela ukuphinda kulinganiswe nge-chainage okusebenza ngayo kwiikontraka ze-civil. Siquka into eyiyo ikontraka yokuphinda kulinganiswe, indlela i-chainage esebenza ngayo, ukuba ngubani olinganisa phantsi kwe-GCC 2015, indlela izinto ezilinganiswa ngayo ngomgama nangevolumu, nendlela ezinto ezilinganisiweyo ezingena ngayo kwisatifikethi. Ibhalelwe ii-quantity surveyors (QS), abaphathi besiza kunye nabaphathi bezikontraka. Asiyiyo ingcebiso yomthetho. Ikontraka yakho, iispecification zayo kunye ne-BOQ preambles zihlala zingaphambili.

Yintoni Ukuphinda Kulinganiswa kwiKontraka ye-Civil?

Ukuphinda kulinganiswa kuthetha ukuba iinani ze-BOQ ziqikelelo, kwaye uhlawulwa ngobungakanani obulinganiswe ngokwenene kumaxabiso akho athengiswe ethendeni. I-GCC 2015 ichaza i-Re-measurement Contract kwaye, kumgaqo 6.7.1, ithi iinani ze-BOQ yayo ngamanani aqikelelwayo womsebenzi. Amaxabiso akho aqinisekile. Iinani aziqinisekanga.

Oku kuthe kratya komsebenzi we-civil, apho akukho mntu wazi ngobungakanani obuchanileyo bedwala, ubunzulu bokugqibela bomsele okanye ubude bepayipi de kugqitywe umsebenzi. Umthengi uthwala umngcipheko wobungakanani. Ikontraktara ithwala umngcipheko wamaxabiso.

Kwiikontraka zeNEC, le ngcamango ivela kwii-Options eziphambili ezisebenzisa i-bill of quantities, njengoOption B. Iindlela kunye neemeko ziyahluka, kodwa umgaqo uyahlala: ixabiso ngeyunithi, ukhokhelwa ngobungakanani obulinganisiweyo.

Ukuphinda kulinganiswa kuphinda kutshintsha indlela iithenda ezijongwa ngayo. Iphepha le-SAICE GCC 2015 corrections and FAQ lithi, kwikontraka yokuphinda kulinganiswa, iimpazamo zezibalo kwilayini yebhajethi zilungiswa ngokugcina irate yeyunithi ethendelweyo kwaye ulungise isixa sayo sipheleleyo. Amaxabiso akho ngumnqophiso. Yenza ukuba achanekile.

Yintoni I-Chainage?

I-chainage ngumgama ophuma kwindawo yokuqala ulandela umgca wolawulo osisigxina, osetyenziselwa ukufumana umsebenzi kwiindlela, kwiipayipi, kwimijelo namadlelo esitimela. Ihlala ibhalwa ngeekhilomitha namamitha, ngoko i-chainage 12+340 ithetha iikhilomitha ezili-12 kunye namamitha angama-340, okanye i-12,340 m, ukusuka kwindawo yokuqala yomgca. Ukuphambuka kwasekhohlo okanye kwasekunene komgca kubonisa indawo yomsebenzi ngokuphuma komgca.

I-chainage yidilesi yendlela yomsebenzi omde. Umgangatho okanye umgca wegridi usebenza kwisakhiwo. Ipayipi lamanzi elingama-9 km lifuna isalathi esinye esidityaniswa zizicwangciso, ukuseta, ukulinganiswa nesatifikethi.

Amagama amathathu oya kuhlangabezana nawo:

Umgca wolawulo okanye umgca ophakathi: umgca i-chainage elinganiswa ngawo, useta kwidizayini.
Icandelo (section): ubude bomsebenzi phakathi kwee-chainage ezimbini, idla ngokusetyenziswa ukulinganisa, ukunikezela okanye isicwangciso.
Ukulingana kwe-chainage (chainage equation): indawo apho i-chainage yoyilo ihamba khona, umzekelo emva kokulungiswa komgca. Yibhale kwiphepha ngalinye lokulinganisa, okanye uya kulinganisa ubude obuthile kabini okanye ungalinganisi nhlobo.

Ngubani Olinganisa Umsebenzi phantsi kwe-GCC 2015?

Phantsi kwe-GCC 2015, i-Employer’s Agent imisela ixabiso elilinganisiweyo lomsebenzi, kwaye ikontraktara iyalinganisa kwaye ingenise isitatimenti esixhasayo xa i-Employer’s Agent icela. Umgaqo 6.7 uyichaza le nto. I-Employer’s Agent inika isaziso ngaphambi kokulinganisa, kwaye kufuneka uye okanye uthumele ajenti onelungelo ukuba athathe inxaxheba.

Umgaqo 6.7.4 ngumgaqo ophazamisa abantu. Ukuba ahuzanga, okanye awungenisi ukulinganisa xa kuceliwe, ukulinganisa okwenziwe okanye okuvunywe yi-Employer’s Agent kuthathwa njengolungileyo. Kumsebenzi okuphinda ulinganiswe, oko kunokuhambisa imali eninzi.

Inyathelo	Ngubani	Yintoni okufuneka ukugcine
Umyalelo wokulinganisa	I-Employer’s Agent	Umyalelo obhaliweyo kunye neemfuneko zawo
Isaziso sokulinganisa	I-Employer’s Agent	Umhla, ixesha kunye necandelo elizakulinganiswa
Ukulinganiswa okudibeneyo	Bobabini	Iishiti zasesayithini ezityunjwe ngechainage nangecandelo
Isitatimenti esixhasayo	Ikontraktara	Ukulinganiswa kunye nesatifikethi sentlawulo yakho yenyanga
Isatifikethi solinganiso	I-Employer’s Agent	Inani elivunyelwene ngalo kwisihloko ngasinye sebhili

Umgaqo ophambili lula. Ungaze uphose ukulinganiswa, kwaye ungavumeli umsebenzi ugutyungelwe ngaphambi kokuba ulinganiswe. I-GCC 2015 iphinda ifuna imvume ye-Employer’s Agent ngaphambi kokuba umsebenzi ugutyungelwe. Ukuba umsele uzaliswa ngaphambi kokulinganisa ubhedi nepayipi, uzakuba uphikisana ngefoto kuphela.

Izinto Ezilinganiswa Njani Ngomgama Nangevolumu?

Isihloko ngasinye sebhili silinganiswa ngeyunithi nangendlela ecacisiwe kwi-specification yeprojekthi kunye nee-BOQ preambles, ihlala ilinganiswa nge-chainage xa kungumsebenzi womgama. Iispecification ze-civil, ezinjenge-SANS 1200 okanye i-COLTO yomsebenzi wendlela, zinemithetho yokulinganisa nokuhlawula kwisihloko ngasinye. Yifunde ngaphambi kokuba uxabise, kwakhona ngaphambi kokulinganisa.

Izihloko eziqhelekileyo ze-civil nendlela ezilinganiswa ngayo:

Into	Iyunithi eqhelekileyo	Indlela elinganiswa ngayo ngomgama wechainage
Imisebenzi yomhlaba (ukukrwela nokuzalisa)	m³	Iinxalenye zomnqamlezo kumgama wechainage ocwangciswe, iivolumu phakathi kwazo
Iileya zendlela	m³ okanye m²	Ubude phakathi kwee-chainage ezimbini ezikhe zaphindwa ngobubanzi nobukhulu obucacisiweyo
Iikerbs neemisele	m	Ubude ecaleni komgca, ngohlobo
Iipayipi	m	Ubude phakathi kwee-chainage, ngobubanzi kwaye rhoqo ngobunzulu
Ukumba umsele	m³ okanye m	Ngokwespecification, rhoqo ngeebhendi zobunzulu kunye nohlobo lwezinto
Iimanhole nezichibi	Inani	Ukubala ngohlobo nobunzulu, ukufumana indawo ngechainage
Imigca yendlela	m okanye m²	Ubude okanye indawo ngohlobo, ngechainage

Iiyunithi ezingentla ziyinto eqhelekileyo, azisiyo ezimisiweyo. Enye ikontraka inokuhlawula umsele ngemitha ekwi-cubic ngamnye, kwaye enye ngomitha yomsele kwiibhendi zobunzulu. Ispecification kunye neBOQ preambles zigqiba. Ukuba zingavumelani, yiphakamise ngaphambi kokuba umsebenzi uqale.

Ungayibala Njani Ivolumu Yomhlaba Ngechainage?

Imisebenzi yomhlaba ihlala ilinganiswa ngeenxalenye zomnqamlezo ezithathwe kumgama wechainage osisigxina, ivolumu phakathi kwazo ibalwa ngeendawo zazo. Indlela eqhelekileyo yi-end-area method: bala ukunxulumanisa iindawo zeenxalenye ezimbini zomnqamlezo, uze uphinde ngomgama phakathi kwazo. I-specification okanye ikontraka yakho inokuchaza enye indlela, ngoko yijonge kuqala.

Ifomula yile: ivolumu = (indawo 1 + indawo 2) / 2 × umgama.

Nantsi ukukrwela okungcwele okungama-100 m, neenxalenye ezingama-20 m ngamnye, ngamanani asengcwele:

Ukusuka kwi-chainage	Ukuya kwi-chainage	Indawo yokuqala (m²)	Indawo yokugqibela (m²)	Ubude (m)	Ivolumu (m³)
1+200	1+220	14.0	18.0	20	320
1+220	1+240	18.0	16.5	20	345
1+240	1+260	16.5	12.0	20	285
1+260	1+280	12.0	10.5	20	225
1+280	1+300	10.5	13.0	20	235
Isixa				100	1,410

Ngerate yebhili engcwele ye-R85 ngemitha ye-cubic, lo mcimbi uxabisa i-R119,850. Ukuba i-BOQ ibeke i-1,200 m³ kolo bude, uhlawulwa ngama-1,410 m³ owalinganisayo, ukuba ukulinganiswa kuvunyelwene.

Iinqwanqwa zomhlaba zisisiseko salo mbalo. Vumelana nazo nenjineli ehlala esizeni ngaphambi kokuba ukhuphe okanye ukrwele. Umhlaba ukususwa, nobungqina bakho buyasuswa.

Usalinganisa indlela ngeencwadi zasemasimini kunye ne-spreadsheet? I-Sakha iqokelela ukulinganisa nenkqubela, ukuqikelela nebhili ye-BOQ, kunye nezatifikethi zentlawulo kwisoftware enye yefu eyakhelwe ookontraktara be-civil baseMzantsi Afrika, ineportal apho injineli inokujonga khona irekhodi: bona idemo yemveliso.

Ukuphinda Kulinganiswa Kungena Njani Kwisatifikethi Sentlawulo?

Ngenyanga nganye, inani elivunyelwene kwisihloko ngasinye sebhili ukuya kwelo langoku liphindwa ngerate yalo, kwaye elo solo libe yimfuno yomsebenzi ulinganisiweyo kwisatifikethi. Ngenxa yokuba izatifikethi ziyongezelela, usatifikethi inani elilinganiswe ukuya kwelo langoku, hayi umsebenzi wale nyanga kuphela. Impazamo elungiswe kule nyanga ilungisa isixa sepheleleyo.

Ukubuka ngokufutshane izihloko ezintathu phakathi kwekontraka:

Isihloko sebhili	Inani le-BOQ (uqikelelo)	Elilinganiswe ukuya kwelo langoku	Irate	Ixabiso elifikelele kulo
Ukukrwela ukuya kwi-fill	18,000 m³	12,600 m³	R85	R1,071,000
Ipayipi le-uPVC, 250 mm	4,200 m	3,150 m	R1,240	R3,906,000
Ikerbs, uhlobo 1	6,500 m	2,800 m	R310	R868,000
Isixa somsebenzi olinganisiweyo ukuya kwelo langoku				R5,845,000

La manani angentla ayimizekelo. Elo sixa lisiya kwisatifikethi, ngaphambi kotshintsho, ukulungiswa kwexabiso, imali egciniweyo nentlawulo yangaphambili. Ukuze ufumane eminye imininingwane yesatifikethi, iimini ezi-7 nezingama-28, nemali egciniweyo, funda isikhokelo sethu se-GCC payment certificate process.

Iingongoma ezimbini malunga neenani ezahluke kwibhili:

Utshintsho lwenani alubi utshintsho ngokwalo. Kwikontraka yokuphinda kulinganiswa, iinani zilindeleke ukutshintsha. Utshintsho lulungiso lomsebenzi oyalelwe phantsi kwekontraka. Gcina ezi zimbini zahlukile kumarekhodi akho.
Utshintsho olukhulu lunokuchaphazela ezinye izihloko. I-GCC 2015 ibandakanya indlela yokulungisa iGeneral Items xa isixa sazo zonke iinguqulelo sidlula ipesenti ecacisiweyo kwidatha yekontraka (umgaqo 6.11). Landela eso sixa njengoko uqhubeka.

Ziphi Iingxabano Zokuphinda Kulinganiswa Eziqala Khona?

Uninzi lwezingxabano zokuphinda kulinganiswa ziqala esizeni, iiveki ngaphambi kwesatifikethi, xa inani lilinganiswa emva kwexesha, ngokwalo, okanye ingalinganiswa nhlobo. Ngoxa injineli ekhuthaza ingxaki, umsele usele uzaliswe kwaye irekhodi lincinci. Ukuthintela kubiza ngaphantsi kunoxoxo lwanoma yiluphi uhlobo.

Ezi zizizathu eziqhelekileyo:

Akukho manqanaba omhlaba aqalayo. Ngaphandle kwamanqanaba avunyelwene ngawo phambi kokumba, iivolumu zokukrwela nokuzalisa zizinto ezilingwayo.
Umsebenzi uzaliswe ngaphambi kokulinganiswa. Iipayipi, ubhedi kunye neeleya zilinganiswe ngenkumbulo okanye ngeefoto.
Imida yamacandelo ibalwe kabini. Iishiti ezimbini zokulinganisa ezibandakanya i-chainage 2+500.
Iilinganiso zechainage azinakwa. Iinxalenye ezidlula kwisalathiso esitsha zilinganiswe kwi-chainage engalunganga.
Iiyunithi ezingahambelani nebhili. Ukulinganisa umsele ngemitha xa ibhili ihlawula ngemitha ye-cubic.
Isivumelwano sixakeke kamva. Ukulinganiswa okuvunywe kwiinyanga kamva, emva kokuba abasebenzi bahambe.

Uvavanyo lwecandelo. Khetha icandelo lama-200 m kwikontraka yakho yangoku. Ingaba ungakubonisa amanqanaba omhlaba wokuqala, iinxalenye zomnqamlezo, iishiti zokulinganisa ezityunjiweyo kunye nomgca wesatifikethi athi wawuwuqhubela phambili, kwimizuzu eli-10? Ukuba akunjalo, ukulinganisa kwakho yingozi kwisatifikethi esilandelayo nakwintlawulo yokugqibela.

Ungabeka Njani Irekhodi Elomeleleyo Lokuphinda Kulinganiswa?

Irekhodi lokuphinda kulinganiswa lomelela xa iinani zinokulandelelwa ukusuka kwisihloko sebhili ukuya kwi-chainage, ukulinganiswa okutyunjiweyo kunye nesatifikethi. Lo mtya ngumtya ophandle umphicothi womthengi aza kuwulandela, kwesinye isihlandlo kwiminyaka emva kokugqitywa komsebenzi. Lusisiseko sexabiso lokugqibela lekontraka ecaphula i-cidb njengerekhodi lomsebenzi.

Gcina, ngecandelo ngalinye:

uphando lomhlaba lokuqala kunye namanqanaba avunyelwene ngawo;
iinxalenye zomnqamlezo kunye nokubalwa kwevolumu;
iishiti zokulinganisa ezityunjiweyo ngokudibeneyo, ngechainage nangesihloko sebhili;
iifoto ezinxulumene nechainage nomhla;
inombolo yesatifikethi apho kwahlawulwa ngayo inani ngalinye.

I-software yolawulo lokwakha umsebenzi we-civil efana ne-Sakha irekhoda ukulinganisa nenkqubela ngechainage nangecandelo, ize iyinxulumanise ne-BOQ nesatifikethi sentlawulo. Injineli inokujonga irekhodi elifanayo ngeportal, ngoko ukuvumelana kwenzeka ngelixa umsebenzi usabonakala. Amaxabiso ahlanzekileyo kwimini yokuqala nawo enza ubungqina be-CIDB CE grading lube lula ukukhupha.

Imibuzo Ebuzwa Rhoqo

Yintoni ukuphinda kulinganiswa kulwakhiwo?

Yindlela yekontraka apho i-bill of quantities iqikelela kuphela umsebenzi, kwaye ikontraktara ihlawulwa ngobungakanani obulinganisiweyo ngokwenene, ngeerate ezithendelweyo. I-GCC 2015 ibiza oku ngokuba yi-Re-measurement Contract. Iqhelekile kumsebenzi we-civil, apho iinani zokugqibela zingaziwa xa kuthengwa.

Ithetha ntoni i-chainage efana ne-12+340?

Ithetha iikhilomitha ezili-12 namamitha angama-340, okanye i-12,340 m, ngomgca wolawulo ukusuka kwindawo yokuqala. I-chainage inika yonke indawo yendlela, ipayipi okanye umjelo ireferensi enye yoyilo, ukuseta, ukulinganisa nentlawulo.

Ngubani olinganisa umsebenzi phantsi kwe-GCC 2015?

I-Employer’s Agent imisela ixabiso elilinganisiweyo phantsi komgaqo 6.7. Ikontraktara iyalinganisa kwaye iyangenisa isitatimenti esixhasayo xa kufuneka, kwaye iyathatha inxaxheba ekulinganisweni okudibeneyo emva kwesaziso. Ukuba ikontraktara ayihlanganyeli okanye ayingeneli, ukulinganisa kwe-Employer’s Agent kuthathwa njengokulungileyo.

Ukugqithisa kwenani kukutshintsha na?

Akunjalo ngokwaso. Kwikontraka yokuphinda kulinganiswa, iinani zilindeleke ukwahluka kwibhili, kwaye uhlawulwa ngobungakanani obulinganisiweyo ngerate yebhili. Utshintsho lulungiso lomsebenzi oyalelwe phantsi kwekontraka, oxabiswa ngeemigaqo zalo.

Ivolumu yomhlaba ibalwa njani ngechainage?

Rhoqo ngend-area method: thatha iinxalenye zomnqamlezo kumgama wechainage ocwangciswe, uphinde ubale indawo yazo zimbini uze uphinde ngomgama phakathi kwazo. Jonga indlela eyalelwe yi-specification kunye nekontraka ngaphambi kokulinganisa.

Isiphelo

Ukuphinda kulinganiswa kuhlawula into oyiboneleleyo. Lungisa amaxabiso akho xa uthenda, uze uvumele iinani ezilinganisiweyo zithwale ixabiso. Sebenzisa i-chainage njengedilesi enye yayo yonke inani. Vumelana ngamanqanaba okuqala ngaphambi kokuba ukumba, ungaze uphose ukulinganiswa okudibeneyo, kwaye ungagutyungeli msebenzi ngaphambi kokuba ulinganiswe. Lungisa umgca wesatifikethi ngamnye kwishiti etyunjiweyo necandelo. Yenza oko yonke inyanga, kwaye i-final account iba sisamba, hayi ingxabano.

Izikhokelo ezinxulumeneyo: