Ukukala kabusha nge-chainage: Indlela Okhokhwa Ngayo

Emgwaqeni noma epayipini, awukhokhelwa izinani ebhilini. Ukhokhelwa izinani ongabonisa ukuthi wazakhela. Iningi lezivumelwano ze-civil baseNingizimu Afrika liyakalwa kabusha. I-bill of quantities (BOQ) iqagela umsebenzi kuphela. Lokho okungena esitifiketini sakho sokukhokha yilokho okukalwe esayithini, icala ngalinye, ngokuhamba kwe-chainage.

Lesi siqondiso sichaza ukuthi ukukala kabusha nge-chainage kusebenza kanjani kumakhontrakthi e-civil. Sichaza ukuthi ikhontrakthi yokukala kabusha iyini, i-chainage isebenza kanjani, ubani okala ngaphansi kwe-GCC 2015, izinto eziwumugqa nevolumu zikalwa kanjani, nokuthi izinani ezikaliwe zingena kanjani esitifiketini. Yabhalelwa ochwepheshe bezixabiso (QS), abaphathi besayithi nabaphathi bezivumelwano. Akuyona iseluleko somthetho. Ikhontraktha lakho, izichasiselo zalo (specifications) kanye nama-BOQ preambles njalo yiyona eyinhloko.

Yini Ukukala Kabusha Kukhontileka le-Civil?

Ukukala kabusha kusho ukuthi izinani ze-BOQ ziyizilinganiso, futhi uhlolelwa izinani elikalwe ngempela ngamanani aqanjwe ekuthengiseni. I-GCC 2015 ichaza i-Re-measurement Contract futhi, ngomgomo 6.7.1, ithi izinani ezisebhokisini layo ziyizinani ezilinganiselwe zomsebenzi. Amanani akho aqinile. Izinani azinqunyiwe.

Lokhu kulungele umsebenzi we-civil, lapho kungazi muntu ngevolumu eqondile yedwala, ubujuli bokugcina bomsele noma ubude beqiniso lepayipi size kwenziwe umsebenzi. Umthengi uthwala umngcipheko wezinani. Ikontraktha uthwala umngcipheko wamanani.

Ezivumelwaneni ze-NEC, lo mqondo uvela ezinketho eziyinhloko ezisebenzisa i-bill of quantities, njengoOption B. Izindlela nemishini ihlukile, kodwa umgomo uyahlala: ukuqagela ngeyunithi, ukukhokha ngezinani ezikaliwe.

Ukukala kabusha kuphinde kushintshe indlela amathenda ahlolwa ngayo. Amanothi e-SAICE GCC 2015 corrections and FAQ athi, kukhontileka yokukala kabusha, amaphutha okubala kumugqa webhili alungiswa ngokugcina irete yeyunithi ethendiwe nokulungisa inani lalo lonke. Amanani akho ngumvumelwano. Wenze alungile.

Yini I-Chainage?

I-chainage ibanga emgqeni wesisekelo owunqunyiwe kusukela endaweni yokuqala, lisetshenziswa ukutholakalisa umsebenzi emigwaqweni, emapayipini, emifuleni nasemizileni yesitimela. Ivamise ukubhalwa ngamakhilomitha namamitha, ngakho i-chainage 12+340 isho amakhilomitha ayi-12 namamitha ayi-340, noma ama-12,340 m, kusukela ekuqaleni komugqa. Ukuphambuka kwesobunxele noma kwesokudla komugqa kutholakalisa umsebenzi ngaphesheya kwawo.

I-chainage iyidilesi yemvelo yomsebenzi omude. Umgangatho noma umugqa wegridi usebenza kwisakhiwo. Ipayipi lamanzi elingu-9 km ludinga inkomba eyodwa okwabelana ngayo izinkomba, ukusetha, ukukala nesitifiketi.

Amagama amathathu ozowahlangabezana nawo:

Umugqa wokulawula noma umugqa ophakathi: umugqa i-chainage ekalwa ngawo, usethwe kusuka kumklamo.
Isigaba (section): ubude bemisebenzi phakathi kwama-chainage amabili, ngokuvamile osetshenziselwa ukukala, ukunikezela noma uhlelo.
Ukulinganiswa kwe-chainage (chainage equation): indawo lapho i-chainage yomklamo igxumayo khona, isibonelo ngemva kokuguqula umugqa. Yibhale kuwo wonke amashidi okukala, uma kungenjalo uzokala ubude obuthile kabili noma ungakalwa nhlobo.

Ubani Okala Umsebenzi Ngaphansi kwe-GCC 2015?

Ngaphansi kwe-GCC 2015, i-Employer’s Agent inquuma inani elikaliwe lemisebenzi, futhi ikhontraktha iyakala futhi iyethula isitatimenti esisekela uma i-Employer’s Agent icela. Umgomo 6.7 ukuchaza lokhu. I-Employer’s Agent inikeza isaziso ngaphambi kokukala, futhi kumele uzibandakanye noma uthumele ejenti oyiqondile ukuba ibe khona.

Umgomo 6.7.4 ungumgomo okhipha abantu esikhundleni. Uma ungafiki, noma ungethuli ukukala uma kucelwe, ukukala okwenziwe noma okwamukelwe yi-Employer’s Agent kuthathwa njengolungile. Emsebenzini okalwa kabusha, lokho kungashintsha imali eningi kakhulu.

Isinyathelo	Ubani	Okufanele ukugcine
Umyalo wokukala	I-Employer’s Agent	Umyalo obhaliwe nezidingo zawo
Isaziso sokukala	I-Employer’s Agent	Usuku, isikhathi nesigaba okuzokalwa
Ukukala ndawonye	Zombili izinhlangothi	Amashidi asesayithini asayinwe ngama-chainage nesigaba
Isitatimenti esisekelayo	Ikhontraktha	Ukukala kanye nesitatimenti sakho senyanga
Isitifiketi sokukala	I-Employer’s Agent	Inani elivunyelwene ngalo kwisihloko ngasinye sebhili

Umgomo osebenzayo ulula. Ungaphuthelwa ukukala, futhi ungavumeli umsebenzi umbozwe ngaphambi kokuthi ukalwe. I-GCC 2015 futhi idinga imvume ye-Employer’s Agent ngaphambi kokuthi umsebenzi umbozwe. Uma umsele ugcwaliswa ngaphambi kokukala ibhedi nepayipi, uyoba nempikiswano ngezithombe kuphela.

Izinto Ezikalwa Kanjani Ngebanga Nangevolumu?

Isihloko ngasinye sebhili sikalwa ngeyunithi nangendlela ezisethwe yi-specification yephrojekthi kanye nama-BOQ preambles, ngokuvamile nge-chainage uma kuyimisebenzi yomugqa. Izichasiselo ze-civil, njenge-SANS 1200 noma i-COLTO yomsebenzi womgwaqo, zinemithetho yokukala nokukhokha kwesihloko ngasinye. Yifunde ngaphambi kokuthi uqagele, futhi futhi ngaphambi kokukala.

Izihloko ze-civil ezivamile nendlela ezikalwa ngayo:

Into	Iyunithi evamile	Indlela ikalwa ngayo ngobude be-chainage
Imisebenzi yomhlabathi (ukumba nokugcwalisa)	m³	Izigaba zomquphi emabangeni e-chainage asethiwe, amavolumu phakathi kwazo
Izingqimba zomgwaqo	m³ noma m²	Ubude phakathi kwama-chainage kuphindaphindwa ngobubanzi nokujula okucacisiwe
Imiphetho nemifudlana	m	Ubude ngasemugqeni, ngohlobo
Amapayipi	m	Ubude phakathi kwama-chainage, ngobubanzi nokuvamise ukuba ngamabanga okujula
Ukumbiwa komsele	m³ noma m	Ngokwe-specification, ngokuvamile ngamabanga okujula nezinhlobo zezinto
AmaManhole namachamber	Inani	Ukubala ngohlobo nokujula, kutholakala ngama-chainage
Imikhondo yomgwaqo	m noma m²	Ubude noma indawo ngohlobo, ngechainage

Izinyunithi ezingenhla zivamile, azisiyo ezingashintshi. Enye ikhontrakthi ingakhokha ukumba komsele ngemitha ye-cubic, kanti enye ingakhokha ngemitha yomsele ngamabanga ejuqubalo. I-specification kanye nama-BOQ preambles yiyo enquma. Uma zingavumelani, yiphakamise ngaphambi kokuthi umsebenzi uqale.

Ungabala Kanjani Amavolumu Womhlabathi Nge-chainage?

Imisebenzi yomhlabathi ivame ukukalwa ngezigaba zomquphi ezithathwe emabangeni e-chainage asethiwe, kanti ivolumu phakathi kwezigaba ezimbili ibalwa ngezindawo zazo. Indlela ejwayelekile yi-end-area method: thola inani lezindawo zezigaba ezimbili, bese uziphindaphinda ngebanga phakathi kwazo. I-specification yakho noma ikhontrakthi ingasho enye indlela, ngakho yihlole kuqala.

Ifomula yile: ivolumu = (indawo 1 + indawo 2) / 2 × ibanga.

Nansi ukusikwa kwesibonelo okungama-100 m, nezigaba zingama-20 m ngamunye, ngamanani acatshangelwe:

Ukusuka ku-chainage	Kuya ku-chainage	Indawo yokuqala (m²)	Indawo yokugcina (m²)	Ubude (m)	Ivolumu (m³)
1+200	1+220	14.0	18.0	20	320
1+220	1+240	18.0	16.5	20	345
1+240	1+260	16.5	12.0	20	285
1+260	1+280	12.0	10.5	20	225
1+280	1+300	10.5	13.0	20	235
Isamba				100	1,410

Ngentengo yebhili ecatshangelwayo ye-R85 ngemitha ye-cubic, lesi sigaba sibiza u-R119,850. Uma i-BOQ ibeke u-1,200 m³ ngale ndawo ubude obufanayo, uhlawulwa ngama-1,410 m³ owakalayo, uma ukukala kuvunyelwene.

Amazinga omhlabathi yisisekelo salesi sibalo. Vumelana nawo nonjiniyela wesayithi ngaphambi kokuthi ukhipha noma ugebhe. Umhlabathi uyasuswa, nobufakazi bakho buyanyamalala.

Usakala umgwaqo ngezincwadi zasensimini nge-spreadsheet? I-Sakha ihlanganisa ukukala nenqubekelaphambili, ukuqagela nebhili le-BOQ, nezitifiketi zokukhokha kusoftware eyodwa yefu eyakhelwe osonkontileka be-civil baseNingizimu Afrika, neportal lapho unjiniyela angabona khona irekhodi: bona idemo yomkhiqizo.

Ukukala Kabusha Kungena Kanjani Esitifiketini Sokukhokha?

Ngayinye inyanga, inani elivunyelwene ngalo kwisihloko ngasinye sebhili kuze kube manje liphindaphindwa ngerete yalo, bese leso samba sibe yisisindo somsebenzi okalwe esitifiketini. Ngoba izitifiketi ziyahlanganyela, uyasitifiketisa inani elikalwe kuze kube manje, hhayi umsebenzi wale nyanga kuphela. Iphutha elilungiswe kulenyanga ilungisa isamba sokugcina.

Ukubheka ngokufushane izihloko ezintathu phakathi nekhontrakthi:

Isihloko sebhili	Inani le-BOQ (ukuqagela)	Elikalwe kuze kube manje	Irete	Inani elifinyelelwe kulo
Ukumba kuya ku-fill	18,000 m³	12,600 m³	R85	R1,071,000
Ipayipi le-uPVC, 250 mm	4,200 m	3,150 m	R1,240	R3,906,000
Imiphetho, uhlobo 1	6,500 m	2,800 m	R310	R868,000
Isamba somsebenzi okalwe kuze kube manje				R5,845,000

Lawa manani ayisibonelo. Lelo samba liya esitifiketini, ngaphambi kokuguquka, ukulungiswa kwentengo, imali egodliwe nokukhokhwa kwangaphambilini. Ukuze uthole eminye imininingwane yesitifiketi, izinsuku ezi-7 nezi-28, nemali egodliwe, funda isiqondiso sethu se-GCC payment certificate process.

Amaphuzu amabili mayelana namanani ahluke ebhilini:

Ukushintsha kwenani akuyona inguquko ngokwayo. Ekukhontrakthini yokukala kabusha, izinani ziyalindeleka ukushintsha. Inguquko ukushintsha komsebenzi okhishwe ngaphansi kwekhontrakthi. Gcina lezi zinto ezimbili zihlukene emarekhodini akho.
Ukushintsha okukhulu kungathinta ezinye izihloko. I-GCC 2015 inendlela yokulungisa iGeneral Items uma isamba sazo zonke izinguquko sidlula iphesenti eliqondile kudatha yekhontrakthi (umgomo 6.11). Landela leso samba njengoba uqhubeka.

Ziphi Izingxabano Zokukala Kabusha Eziqala Khona?

Iningi lezingxabano zokukala kabusha liqala esayithini, izinsuku ezimbalwa ngaphambi kwesitifiketi, lapho inani likalwa sekwephuzile, lodwa noma lingakalwa nhlobo. Ngesikhathi unjiniyela esekhankanya inkinga, umsele usuvele ugcwele futhi irekhodi lincane. Ukuvimbela kubiza kancane kunanoma iyiphi ingxabano.

Imbangela ezivamile:

Akukho manqanaba omhlabathi wokuqala. Ngaphandle kwamazinga avunyelwene ngawo ngaphambi kokumba, ukumba nokugcwalisa kuba yisilinganiso.
Umsebenzi umbozwe ngaphambi kokukalwa. Amapayipi, ibhedi nezingqimba zikalwa ngokukhumbula noma ngezithombe.
Imingcele yezigaba ibalwe kabili. Amashidi amabili okukala afaka i-chainage 2+500.
Ukulinganiswa kwe-chainage kungenakwa. Ubude obudlula ekuguqulweni komugqa bukalwa ku-chainage engalungile.
Izinyunithi ezingahambisani nebhili. Ukukala umsele ngemitha kuyilapho ibhili likhokha ngemitha ye-cubic.
Ukuvumelana okuseduze. Izilinganiso ezivunyelwene ngazo izinyanga kamuva, ngemva kokuthi abasebenzi sebehambile.

Uvivinyo lwesigaba. Khetha isigaba esingama-200 m ekhontrakthini yakho yamanje. Ingabe ungakhombisa amazinga omhlabathi wokuqala, izigaba zomquphi, amashidi okukala asayinwe kanye nomugqa wesitifiketi awadla kuwo, kungakapheli imizuzu eyi-10? Uma kungenjalo, ukukala kwakho kuyingozi esitifiketini esilandelayo nasekugcineni kwe-final account.

Yiziphi Izinto Ezenza Ukukala Kabusha Kuhlale Kuqinile?

Irekhodi lokukala kabusha liqinile uma inani ngalinye lingalandelwa kusuka ebhilini kuya ku-chainage, kumshwalense ovunyelwene ngawo nasesitifiketini. Lolo tshwele lokulandelela yilona umcwaningi womthengi azolilandela, ngezinye izikhathi eminyakeni kamuva ekuqedeni. Futhi yisisekelo senani lokugcina lekhontrakthi i-cidb esebenzisa njengerekhodi lomsebenzi.

Gcina, ngesigaba ngasinye:

ukuhlola komhlabathi wokuqala kanye namazinga avunyelwene ngawo;
izigaba zomquphi kanye nokubalwa kwevolumu;
amashidi okukala ahlanganyelwe asayinwe, ngama-chainage nangesihloko sebhili;
izithombe ezixhunyiwe ku-chainage nasosuku;
inombolo yesitifiketi okhokhelwe ngayo inani ngalinye.

I-software yokuphathwa kokwakha kwe-civil efana ne-Sakha irekhoda ukukala nenqubekelaphambili nge-chainage nangesigaba, iyixhumanise nebhili le-BOQ nesitifiketi sokukhokha. Unjiniyela angabheka irekhodi elifanayo ngeportal, ngakho ukuvumelana kwenzeka kusengabonakala umsebenzi. Amanani ahlanzekile ngosuku lokuqala nawo enza ubufakazi be-CIDB CE grading bube lula ukuthola.

Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa

Ukukala kabusha kwakhiwo yini?

Yindlela yesivumelwano lapho i-bill of quantities iqagela kuphela umsebenzi, futhi ikhontraktha ikhokhwa ngezinani ezikalwe ngempela, ngamaraethi athendiwe. I-GCC 2015 ibiza lokhu nge-Re-measurement Contract. Iyajwayeleka emsebenzini we-civil, lapho izinani zokugcina zingaziwa ngesikhathi sethenda.

Ukuthi i-chainage efana ne-12+340 isho ukuthini?

Isho amakhilomitha ayi-12 namamitha ayi-340, noma ama-12,340 m, emgqeni wokulawula kusukela ekuqaleni kwawo. I-chainage inikeza yonke ingxenye yomgwaqo, ipayipi noma umfudlana inkomba eyodwa yemiklamo, ukusetha, ukukala nokukhokha.

Ngubani okala umsebenzi ngaphansi kwe-GCC 2015?

I-Employer’s Agent inquma inani elikaliwe ngaphansi komgomo 6.7. Ikhontraktha ikala futhi ilethe isitatimenti esisekelayo uma kudingeka, futhi ibandakanyeka ekukaleni okudlanyelwe ngemva kwesaziso. Uma ikhontrakthi ingafiki noma ingalethi ukukala, ukukala kwe-Employer’s Agent kuthathwa njengolungile.

Ukweqisa inani kuyinguquko yini?

Hhayi ngokwayo. Ekukhontrakthini yokukala kabusha, izinani ziyalindeleka ukuhluka ebhilini, futhi ukhokhwa ngenani elikaliwe ngerate yebhili. Inguquko ukushintsha komsebenzi oyalelwe ngaphansi kwekhontrakthi, oxabiswa ngemigomo yawo.

Ivolumu yomhlabathi ibalwa kanjani nge-chainage?

Ngokuvamile nge-end-area method: thatha izigaba zomquphi emabangeni e-chainage asethiwe, uthole ukuthi izindawo zezigaba ezimbili zingaki bese uziphindaphinda ngebanga phakathi kwazo. Hlola indlela i-specification nekhontrakthi zisetha ngaphambi kokuthi ukale.

Isiphetho

Ukukala kabusha kukhokha okungenza ubufakazi bakho. Lungisa amarethi akho ngesikhathi sethenda, bese uvumela izinani ezikaliwe zithwale inani. Sebenzisa i-chainage njengedilesi eyodwa yazo zonke izinani. Vumelana ngamazinga omhlabathi wokuqala ngaphambi kokumba, ungaphuthelwa ukukala ndawonye, futhi ungabamba umsebenzi ngaphambi kokuthi ukalwe. Landa isitifiketi ngasinye emshidini osayiniwe nesigaba eliwusekelayo. Yenza lokho njalo ngenyanga, bese i-final account iba yisamba, hhayi ingxabano.

Imihlahlandlela ehlobene: