I-Software Yebunjiniyela Bemphakatsi: Umhlahlandlela 2026

Imali lenyenti yelikontraka lebunjiniyela bemphakatsi iya etimphahleni, kumakontraka lamancane nasemishinini, kodvwa emabhizinisi lamanyenti asayilandzelela ku-Excel. Timphahla nemakontraka lamancane kuphela kungadla 60 kuya ku-70% wetindleko. Nangabe umgwaco, lupayipi lwemanti lolukhulu nobe luhlelo lwemanti emvula ludlula sabelomali, bunjiniyela abuvamisi kuba yimbangela. Imbangela ivamise kuba kuphatsa kwebhizinisi: kulinganisa lokusala emuva kwemsebenti, tingucuko (variations) letingakaze tibekwe umtsengo, netitifiketi tekukhokha letiwako nangabe umnjiniyela wesiteni atibuta.

Lomhlahlandlela uchaza loko i-software yebunjiniyela bemphakatsi lokufanele ikwente eNingizimu Afrika: titifiketi tekukhokha te-GCC ne-NEC, kulinganisa kabusha, kulawula imishini nekubamba idatha esiteni ngaphandle kwe-inthanethi. Ubuye ukhombise kutsi tidzingo takho tishintja njani nesigaba sakho se-CIDB, kutsi tindlela letivamile tisilela kuphi, nekutsi ukhetsa njani ngaphandle kwekutsenga luhlelo lolungakafaneli.

Kungani Emakontraka Ebunjiniyela Bemphakatsi Adzinga I-Software Yawo?

Umsebenti webunjiniyela bemphakatsi nowengcalasizinda uphula imitsetfo leyakhelwe ku-software yekwakha lejwayelekile, leyentelwe takhiwo. Emakontraka ebunjiniyela bemphakatsi asebenta nge-GCC nobe i-NEC, emanani alinganiswa kabusha nge-chainage, emakhasimende emphakatsi ahlola sitifiketi ngasinye, futsi imishini iyindzawo yenzuzo. I-software leyitjiya loku kwehluka lokune ibuyisela licembu lakho ku-spreadsheet emsebentini lonengoti lenkhulu.

Nanti kutsi kwehluka ngakunye kuyinquma njani imali:

Likontraka lehlukile. Umsebenti webunjiniyela bemphakatsi wahulumende uvamise kusebenta nge-GCC (i-SAICE General Conditions of Contract) nobe i-NEC. I-JBCC, lifomu lelicatjangwa ngemathuluzi lamanyenti ekwakha, isetjentiswa kakhulu emsebentini wekwakha tindlu netakhiwo. Titifiketi, kubanjwa kwemali (retention) netimfuno (claims) kusebenta ngendlela leyehlukile ngaphansi kwelifomu ngalinye: bona timhlahlandlela tetfu tenchubo yesitifiketi sekukhokha se-GCC ne-tehlakalo tesinheshelo te-NEC. I-SAICE yashicilela i-GCC 2025 nga-2025, futsi i-GCC 2015 isalawula emakontraka lamanyenti lasasebenta. Tingucuko te-GCC 2025 etitifiketini tekukhokha tiwela ngco ekuphatseni kwakho kwebhizinisi.
Kulinganisa kusho kulinganisa kabusha. Kumakontraka lamanyenti ebunjiniyela bemphakatsi, i-bill of quantities (BOQ) iyalinganiswa kabusha. Ukhokhelwa emanani lowakhako ngempela: umsebenti wemhlaba, tendlalelo, budze bemapayipi. Laba balinganiswa nge-chainage (libanga lelihamba ngemzila) nesigaba, hhayi ngesitezi. Umhlahlandlela wetfu we-kulinganisa kabusha nge-chainage ukhombisa kutsi kusebenta njani. I-software leyakhelwe ibhili lelingashintji isebenta ngekumelana nawe.
Likhasimende lelemphakatsi futsi lihlola konkhe. I-SANRAL, ema-metro, emabhodi emanti nemasipala bakhokha ngetitifiketi. Leto titifiketi tingahlolwa eminyakeni leminyenti ngemuva. Irekhodi lelibutsakatsaka lingetulu kwekukhokhwa sekwephuzile. Lingaba ngulokutfolwe kuhlolwa (audit finding).
Imishini iyindzawo yenzuzo. Kusetjentiswa, emanani ekuboleka angekhatsi nemafutha kunquma inzuzo yebunjiniyela bemphakatsi. Emathuluzi lakhelwe bakhi betindlu akakulandzeleli loku.

Nawungakunaki loku, licembu lakho lebhizinisi libuyela ku-spreadsheet ngetincenye temsebenti letinengoti lenkhulu.

I-Software Yebunjiniyela Bemphakatsi Kufanele Yenteni?

I-software yebunjiniyela bemphakatsi kufanele itfwale kuphila kwebhizinisi konkhe kwelikontraka lengcalasizinda, kusukela emsebentini lolinganisiwe kuya esitifiketini lumnjiniyela latasisayina. Loko kusho kulinganisa nge-chainage, titifiketi tekukhokha te-GCC ne-NEC, kulawula tindleko, i-BOQ lehlanganisiwe, imishini nemoto, kutsenga, i-HSE nekuhambisana nemathenda, konkhe kurekhodi linye lelabelwana ngesiteni nehhovisi.

Nanti loko likhono ngalinye lokufanele likwente kulikontraka lebunjiniyela bemphakatsi laseNingizimu Afrika:

Likhono	Loko lokufanele likwente
Kulinganisa nenchubeko	Emanani lalinganiswe kabusha nge-chainage nesigaba, kubuka imisebenti ngemephu, kusayina ndzawonye nemnjiniyela wesiteni
Titifiketi tekukhokha	Titifiketi letisemkhatsini ngaphansi kwe-GCC, NEC, JBCC ne-FIDIC, nekubanjwa kwemali, tingucuko, timfuno nekwengetwa kwesikhatsi (EOT)
Kulawula tindleko	Tindleko ngekumelana nalokuvunyelwe (loko ibhili lekukhokhela emsebentini lowentiwe), kukhicita kwebasebenti nekwemishini, i-earned value. Ubona licembu lelilahlekelwa yimali lamuhla, hhayi ekupheleni kwenyanga
I-BOQ nekulinganisa tindleko	Emabhili lalinganiswe ngaphansi kwe-SANS 1200, i-COLTO nobe luhlelo lwe-ASAQS, kanye nelibhuku lemanani. Ngenisa ibhili kanye bese uyisebentisa kuze kuphele umsebenti, ngaphandle kwekuphindza ulibhale
Imishini netinsiza	I-workshop, imoto, mafutha nemanani ekuboleka angekhatsi. Lamanani anquma inzuzo yebunjiniyela bemphakatsi
Kutsenga netitolo	Emakontraka lamancane, titolo tesiteni nemafutha, kuze kufike etimphahleni letemukelwe
I-HSE, likhwalithi nemvelo	Lizinga lekulimala lokulahlekisa sikhatsi (LTIFR), i-ISO 45001, emacebo ekuhlola nekuvivinya (ITPs), imibiko yekungahambisani (NCRs), kuvivinya kwe-SANS ne-COLTO, kanye ne-environmental management programme (EMP) ledzingwa ngemakontraka lamanyenti engcalasizinda
Emathenda nekuhambisana	Emabhondi neticiniseko, sigaba se-CIDB, nebufakazi bemaphuzu ekukhetfwa ngaphansi kwe-PPPFA, njengesimo se-B-BBEE

Awuvamisi kukudzinga konkhe ngelilanga lekucala. Kodvwa yati imephu lephelele, bese ucala lapho imali yebunjiniyela bemphakatsi yentiwa khona: sitifiketi nelishidi lemishini.

Tintfo Letintsatfu Letinquma Sivumelwano Sebunjiniyela Bemphakatsi

Bheka ngale kweluhlu lwetintfo letentiwako: emakhono lamatsatfu ehlukanisa i-software yebunjiniyela bemphakatsi yangempela nethuluzi lemadokhumenti lelinelilebuli lebunjiniyela bemphakatsi. Sitifiketi sekukhokha, kulinganisa nge-chainage nekulawula imishini. Buta ngalinye kulo ku-demo. Luhlelo lolubuyisela nanoma ngulinye kulo ku-Excel ngeke lume kulikontraka lebunjiniyela bemphakatsi lelisebentako.

Imibuto lemitsatfu lembula luhlelo lolubutsakatsaka:

Sitifiketi. “Ngikhombise sitifiketi sekukhokha se-GCC lesikhicitwa luhlelo lwakho.” Emathuluzi lamanyenti angaletsa ithempleti ye-Excel kuphela.
I-chainage. “Niyawulinganisa umgwaco nobe lupayipi nge-chainage nesigaba, nobe ngesitezi?” Emathuluzi ekwakha atakhiwo awanayo imphendvulo.
Imishini. “Emakhadi emsebenti, mafutha nekusetjentiswa kuhlala kuphi?” Kumasiteni lamanyenti ebunjiniyela bemphakatsi, imphendvulo isese yi-spreadsheet.

Nangabe i-software ingakhoni kuphatsa sitifiketi, kulinganisa kabusha nemishini, ayifaneli esiteni sebunjiniyela bemphakatsi. Loko kuhlala kuliciniso nanoma libito lelisebhokisini laziwa kangakanani.

Luvivinyo lwelushintjo lolulodvwa. Kulikontraka lebunjiniyela bemphakatsi le-R40,000,000, lushintjo lolulodvwa lolulinganiswe kahle, lolubekwe umtsengo futsi lolwemukelwe lungaba nelinani lelingetulu kwemnyaka wonkhe we-software. Ngako buta umbuto lohlukile: mangaki tingucuko lolahlekelwa tona ngemnyaka ngenca yemarekhodi labutsakatsaka?

Ngumaphi Emakhono Labalulekile Esigabeni Ngasinye Se-CIDB?

Tidzingo te-software tikhula nesigaba sakho se-CIDB, futsi lilayisensi lelilinganako kubo bonkhe lelibitwa ngesihlalo likhokhisa kakhulu lingcenye lenkhulu yemakethe. Libhizinisi le-CE 5 nobe 6 lidzinga i-dayari yesiteni lesebenta ngaphandle kwe-inthanethi, kulinganisa nesitifiketi lesihlanzekile. Libhizinisi le-CE 7 lengeta kulawula tindleko, imishini netingucuko kuwo onkhe emakontraka. Emabhizinisi e-CE 8 ne-9 adzinga kulawula kwebhizinisi lokuphelele nemarekhodi lalungele kuhlolwa.

Sigaba sakho se-CIDB sibeka likontraka linye lelikhulu kakhulu longaliniketwa. Umhlahlandlela wetfu we-sigaba se-CIDB CE semakontraka ebunjiniyela bemphakatsi uchaza kutsi emazinga asebenta njani. Litafula lelingentasi lisebentisa sigaba se-CE (civil engineering):

Sigaba se-CIDB CE	Umkhawulo welinani lethenda ngelikontraka	Loko i-software lokufanele ikulungise
CE 5 kuya ku-6	R10,000,000 (sigaba 5), R20,000,000 (sigaba 6)	I-dayari yesiteni lesebenta ngaphandle kwe-inthanethi, kulinganisa nesitifiketi lesihlanzekile. Khokhelwa ngekushesha bese uyekela i-Excel
CE 7 (indzawo lenhle kakhulu)	R60,000,000	Konkhe lokungenhla, kanye netindleko ngekumelana nalokuvunyelwe, kusetjentiswa kwemishini nekulawula tingucuko netimfuno kuwo onkhe emakontraka
CE 8 kuya ku-9	R200,000,000 (sigaba 8), kute umkhawulo (sigaba 9)	Kulawula kwebhizinisi lokuphelele, kubika kuwo onkhe emakontraka, i-HSE ne-EMP, kuhambisana nemathenda ngelizinga lelikhulu, nekuxhumana nethuluzi lehlelo lelibekwa likhasimende

Lemikhawulo isebenta ngelikontraka ngalinye futsi ifaka i-VAT. Ibekwe ngaphansi kwe-Construction Industry Development Regulations, 2004, futsi isebenta kusukela mhla ziyi-7 October 2019. LiNgcongcoshe Wemisebenti Yemphakatsi Nengcalasizinda angayibuyeketa ngesatiso ku-Government Gazette, ngako hlola emanani lamanje ku-webhusayithi ye-cidb. Emabhizinisi lamanyenti asebenta emakontraka lamanyenti ngesikhatsi sinye, ngako imali yawo yemnyaka ivamise kuba ngetulu kakhulu kwemkhawulo welikontraka linye.

Sigaba 7 kulapho buhlungu bungempela khona futsi libhizinisi lisakhona kunquma ngekushesha. Nangabe nguwe lowo, lungisa sitifiketi, kulinganisa kabusha nelishidi lemishini kucala. Ungabakhokheli ngemanani ekhampani lenkhulu.

Usakha titifiketi tekukhokha nemashidi emishini ku-Excel? I-Sakha ihlanganisa kulinganisa nenchubeko, titifiketi tekukhokha nekuphatsa likontraka, kulawula tindleko nemishini, i-workshop nemoto ku-software yelifu yinye yemakontraka ebunjiniyela bemphakatsi aseNingizimu Afrika, ne-dayari yesiteni lesebenta ngaphandle kwe-inthanethi: bona i-demo yemkhicito.

Tindlela Letivamile Tisilela Kuphi?

ENingizimu Afrika kuncintisana kwangempela akuvamisi kuba semkhatsini wetinhlelo letimbili letisimanje: emabhizinisi lamanyenti ebunjiniyela bemphakatsi asebentisa i-software yekulinganisa tindleko yasedeskithophu ne-Excel eceleni kwayo. Loko kushiya tikhala lapho imali yebunjiniyela bemphakatsi yentiwa khona: kulinganisa kabusha, imishini netitifiketi tekukhokha letisesikhatsini. Emathuluzi emhlaba wonkhe emsebenti, ema-app esiteni nema-spreadsheet ngamunye ubamba incenye yemsebenti, kodvwa kute lokugcina irekhodi linye kusukela emsebentini lolinganisiwe kuya enanini lelemukelwe.

Tindlela letinkhulu:

Emasuthi ekulinganisa tindleko lafakwa ehhovisi. Anetimphandze letijulile emahhovisi ema-QS aseNingizimu Afrika futsi ancono ekulinganiseni tindleko. Abitwa ngesihlalo, afakwa emakhompyutheni asehhovisi futsi emanani awo avamise kunikwa nge-quote. Emsebentini webunjiniyela bemphakatsi, kulinganisa kabusha, imishini netitifiketi letisesikhatsini kusaphelela ku-spreadsheet eceleni kwawo.
Emathuluzi emhlaba wonkhe ekuphatsa umsebenti. Aphatsa emahlelo nemadokhumenti ngelizinga lelikhulu lekhampani, futsi abitwa ngemadola. Akanaso sitifiketi se-GCC, akanayo i-BOQ futsi akanalo lishidi lemishini. Emakhasimende lamakhulu emphakatsi avamise kubeka ithuluzi lehlelo kulikontraka. Uyaxhumana nalo. Awulitsatseli indzawo.
Ema-app esiteni newekuhlola emaphutsa (snagging). Asebenta kuselula futsi asungulwa ngekushesha. Asebenta kahle emaphutseni nasekubambeni idatha esiteni, kodvwa akanaso sitifiketi, i-BOQ nobe kujula kwemishini.
I-Excel nemathuluzi ekuhlela asedeskithophu. Leti tindlela letivamile ngempela. Sewukhokhele tona futsi wonkhe umuntfu uyatati. Futsi kulapho kulandzelela kwekuhlolwa (audit trail) kunyamalala khona nangabe likhasimende lemphakatsi libuta ngesitifiketi eminyakeni lemibili ngemuva.

Ngayinye ishiya sikhala lesifanako: irekhodi linye lelixhumene, lelati likontraka, kusukela emsebentini lolinganisiwe kuya enanini lelemukelwe.

Tindlela Letinkhulu Tiyafananiswa Njani?

Esiteni sebunjiniyela bemphakatsi kukhetsa kuncike etindleleni letine: i-software yebunjiniyela bemphakatsi lechubekile yelifu, lisuthi lekulinganisa tindleko lasedeskithophu, emathuluzi lajwayelekile emsebenti nobe esiteni, nobe ema-spreadsheet. Yi-software yebunjiniyela bemphakatsi lechubekile kuphela lefaka kulinganisa, titifiketi, imishini ne-BOQ kurekhodi linye. Letinye ngayinye ishiya lokungenani kunye kwato efayeleni lelehlukile.

Nati tibekwe eceleni ngaloko lokunquma inzuzo yebunjiniyela bemphakatsi:

	I-software yebunjiniyela bemphakatsi lechubekile (lifu)	Lisuthi lekulinganisa tindleko lasedeskithophu	Emathuluzi lajwayelekile emsebenti nobe esiteni	I-Excel nema-spreadsheet
Kulinganisa	Nge-chainage nesigaba, kusayina kwemnjiniyela	Idesikithophu, incenye	Titfombe nemaphutsa kuphela	Ngesandla
Titifiketi tekukhokha	GCC, NEC, JBCC ne-FIDIC, nekubanjwa kwemali netimfuno	Emathempleti e-Excel	Akufakiwe	Emathempleti ngesandla
Imishini netinsiza	I-workshop, mafutha, emanani ekuboleka angekhatsi	Akufakiwe	Akufakiwe	I-spreadsheet lehlukile
Kulawula tindleko	Tindleko ngekumelana nalokuvunyelwe, kwanyalo	Kuncono, kodvwa kubotjelwe ehhovisi	Akufakiwe	Ekupheleni kwenyanga, ngesandla
I-BOQ	Ihlanganisiwe, ingenisa ibhili lelikhona	Emandla layinhloko	Akufakiwe	Ngesandla
Ngubani longayisebentisa	Isiteni, ihhovisi, umnjiniyela nelikhasimende kurekhodi linye	Tihlalo letinelilayisensi ehhovisi	Ngemsebentisi ngamunye, kuvamise kubitwa ngemadola	Loyo lonefayela lekugcina
Buchwepheshe	Lifu, kubamba idatha esiteni ngaphandle kwe-inthanethi	Kufakwa kudesikithophu	Lifu, lejwayelekile	Emafayela asendzaweni
Kusungula	Iyasebenta ngemalanga lambalwa	Kufaka nekusetha kwe-IT	Kuyashesha, kodvwa kujwayelekile	Kute
Kuhambisana ne-SA	GCC, NEC, CIDB, B-BBEE, SANS	Incenye	Kute	Kute

Luhlelo lwelifu lolusimanje lolwakhelwe eNingizimu Afrika, njenge-Sakha, lwentelwe kuvala leso sikhala. Luletsa kulinganisa nenchubeko, titifiketi tekukhokha nekuphatsa likontraka, kanye nemishini, i-workshop nemoto endzaweni yinye. Nanoma ukhetsani, hlola lowo mkhondvo longaphuleki kusukela emsebentini lolinganisiwe kuya enanini lelemukelwe.

Ukhetsa Njani I-Software Yebunjiniyela Bemphakatsi Ngaphandle Kwekutsenga Luhlelo Lolungakafaneli?

Khetsa i-software yebunjiniyela bemphakatsi ngekuyivivinya kulikontraka lakho: sitifiketi se-GCC sangempela, lishidi lakho lemishini, kubamba idatha ngaphandle kwe-inthanethi nesikhatsi kuze kube sekulinganisweni kwekucala lokwemukelwe. Bese uhlola indlela yelilayisensi nekutsi isebenta njani eceleni kwanoma ngumuphi ithuluzi lehlelo lelibekwa likhasimende lakho. I-demo lebukeka kahle ngeke ikuphendvulele lokuhlola.

Cala ngesitifiketi nangemishini. Cela kubona sitifiketi sekukhokha se-GCC sangempela lesivela ohlelweni. Buta kutsi emakhadi emsebenti, mafutha nekusetjentiswa kuhlala kuphi. Nangabe kunye kwako kubuyela ku-Excel, lokunye kwe-demo akusabalulekile.
Linganisa kusungula, hhayi emakhono. Mangaki emaviki kuze kube sekulinganisweni kwekucala lokwemukelwe? Iyasebenta yini ngaphandle kwe-inthanethi esiteni lesikhashane futsi ivumelanise kahle? Ngubani lodzinga kucecesheka, futsi licembu lesiteni litayisebentisa yini?
Nakekela indlela yelilayisensi. Kubitwa ngesihlalo kuncisha kufinyelela kancane kancane kuze licembu lakho lesiteni libuyele ephepheni. Basebentisi labangenamkhawulo, kufaka ekhatsi umnjiniyela wesiteni nelikhasimende, bagcina irekhodi liphelele.
Sebenta nemathuluzi lacelwe. Nangabe likontraka libeka ithuluzi lehlelo, luhlelo lwakho kufanele lutfwale irekhodi lebhizinisi eceleni kwalo. Akukafaneli lutame kutsatsa indzawo yehlelo lelikontraka.
Hlola imitsetfo yelikontraka emtfonjeni. Imitsetfo yesitifiketi neyekubanjwa kwemali iyehluka emkhatsini we-GCC, NEC ne-JBCC, nasemkhatsini wetinshicilelo. I-GCC 2025 yinshicilelo yakamuva ye-GCC. Hlola indlela yesitifiketi yanoma ngumuphi umtsengisi ngekumelana ne-dokhumenti lesemtsetfweni ye-SAICE GCC 2025 nedatha yelikontraka lakho ngaphambi kwekutsi wetsembele kuyo.

Imibuto Lehlala Ibutwa

Yini i-software yebunjiniyela bemphakatsi?

Yi-software lephatsa luhlangotsi lwebhizinisi nelwekuletsa umsebenti wengcalasizinda. Loko kufaka i-BOQ lelinganiswe kabusha, tingucuko netimfuno, titifiketi tekukhokha, tindleko, imishini nehlelo. Isebenta ngaphansi kwemafomu emakontraka lasetjentiswa emsebentini webunjiniyela bemphakatsi eNingizimu Afrika, ikakhulu i-GCC ne-NEC.

Yehluka njani ku-software yekwakha takhiwo?

Emathuluzi ekwakha takhiwo acabanga emakontraka e-JBCC, emabhili langashintji nenchubeko ngesitezi ngesitezi. I-software yebunjiniyela bemphakatsi kufanele iphatse kulinganisa kabusha nge-chainage, titifiketi te-GCC ne-NEC, imishini njengendzawo yenzuzo nekuhlolwa ngemakhasimende emphakatsi. Kulapho inzuzo yebunjiniyela bemphakatsi itfolakala khona nobe ilahleka.

Iyatiphatsa yini titifiketi tekukhokha te-GCC ne-NEC?

Kufanele. I-software lefanele bunjiniyela bemphakatsi ikhicita titifiketi letisemkhatsini ngaphansi kwe-GCC, NEC, JBCC ne-FIDIC. Kubanjwa kwemali, tingucuko netimfuno kuhlala kurekhodi linye, hhayi ethempletini eceleni kwe-Excel. I-NEC iphatsa tingucuko njenge-”compensation events”, ngako hlola kutsi i-software ilandzela emagama elifomu ngalinye. Ngaso sonkhe sikhatsi hlola imitsetfo yesitifiketi ngekumelana nembhalo lesemtsetfweni welikontraka.

Ngumaphi lilayisensi lelifanele likontraka lebunjiniyela bemphakatsi?

Bheka bonkhe labadzinga kufinyelela, hhayi ihhovisi kuphela. Emalayisensi langesihlalo asusa tinduna, umnjiniyela wesiteni nelikhasimende ohlelweni bese abuyisela ephepheni. Cela linani lelibhaliwe ngemarandi. Bala wonkhe umsebentisi nayo yonkhe inhlangano yangaphandle. Endleleni yasedeskithophu, engeta sikhatsi sekufaka, se-server nese-IT.

Iyasebenta yini ngaphandle kwe-inthanethi ngesikhatsi sekucinywa kwemandla (load shedding)?

Kufanele. Emasiteni ebunjiniyela bemphakatsi avamise kuba khashane, futsi gesi neluphawu kungaphela. Bheka i-dayari yesiteni lesebenta ngaphandle kwe-inthanethi levumelanisa kahle nangabe luphawu lubuya. Gwema luhlelo lolubotjelwe kudesikithophu ehhovisi.

Umphetfo

Inzuzo yebunjiniyela bemphakatsi itfolakala nobe ilahleka ekuphatseni kwebhizinisi, hhayi ebunjiniyeleni. Emasuthi asedeskithophu nema-spreadsheet kokubili kuphula umkhondvo kusukela emsebentini lolinganisiwe kuya enanini lelemukelwe, futsi tikhala tiphelela ku-Excel. I-software yebunjiniyela bemphakatsi lenhle igcina lowo mkhondvo uphelele. Ilandzela emafomu e-GCC ne-NEC lasetjentiswa ngumsebenti wakho. Itsatsa imishini njengendzawo yenzuzo. Isebenta ngaphandle kwe-inthanethi emasiteni lapho imali yentiwa khona. Emsebentini wemphakatsi, sitifiketi longakhoni kusisekela yinzuzo longayigcini. Hlola yonkhe indlela ngalelizinga, futsi luhlu lwakho lufinyeta ngekushesha.

Tinhlahlandlela letihlobene: