Inchubo Yekuvunywa Kwemapulani Ekwakha eNingizimu Afrika

Inchubo Yekuvunywa Kwemapulani Ekwakha eNingizimu Afrika: Umhlahlandlela Wekusebenta Wekugcina Umtsetfo

Inchubo yekuvunywa kwemapulani ekwakha labakhi nabatakhi baleNingizimu Afrika ebhekana nayo yindzawo lelibhizinisi lamaphrojekthi lamanyenti lilahlekelwa kuyo sihlomu ngaphambi nje kwekutsi kuqale sakhiwo sesayithi. Imidzwebo iyethulwa, bese ibuyiswa ngekulungiswa, bese iphindvwa kutsi ibhalwe, kanti ema-preliminaries aqhubeka futsi emasikhatsi emchudvo ahamba. Nangabe kuvunywe, ema-contractor avame kubhekana nesikhatsi lesinciphile sekwakha, ingcindezi yekutfola lokudzingekako, nekucindzeteleka kwe-cash flow.

Lo mhlahlandlela uhlephula inchubo ibe tinyatselo letisebentako lotingasebentisa emaphrojekthini langempela. Ucubungula kutsi emasipala ahlola ini ngempela, ngutiphi tincwadzi letivame kubangela kubambezeleka, lapho tibopho temtsetfo netekuhlola tihlala khona, nendlela yekwakha inchubo yekugcina umtsetfo evikela sikhatsi, lutfo lwetimali, nekutsetfwa kwetindzawo letibekwe ngaphansi kwetenkontileka.

Kungani emaphrojekthi e-building plan approval eNingizimu Afrika ayama

Kubambezeleka ekuvunyweni akuvame kubangelwa sinkinga sinye. Kuvame kuba ngenkinga lencatsanisako phakathi kwenhloso yemiklamo, tilawulo tekuhlelwa kwemaciko, nemaphuzu lekuhambiseni.

Tintfo letivame kubangela kubambezeleka:

Imiklamo lengahambisani nemalungelo ekuhlelwa kwemaciko, ingcembu lebotfwe, lisilinganiso selindzawo lentsatsi (floor area ratio), noma emugca wekwakha.
Tinhlanganisela tetisicelo letingaphelelanga, ikakhulu tincwadzi temalungelo wemhlaba, emafomu wekuvuma abasebenti, nesisekelo sekuklama lesiphilile.
Imidzwebo lengatikhombisi ngekwanele tincenye letithuba ekuhlolweni ngekulandzelana neNational Building Regulations.
Kuhlanganiswa lokungafiki ngesikhatsi phakathi kwe-architect, engineer, fire consultant, nomcwepheshe wekuhlelwa kwemadolobha.
Kucabanga ngesikhatsi semasipala lesingafaniwe lesingabonakali kutinhlinzeko tetingozi zephrojekthi.

Kumkhandzisi, lokhu kunemiphumela yetimali leyendzeleko. Emadethi wekucala ayashintsha, tibopho te-subcontractor tiba buthaka, futsi emalinga lasebhizinisi lavumelana nawo angaphela sikhatsi. Kumakhi, kuvunywa lokubambezelekile kukhulisa tindleko temnotfo netindleko tekubamba, kanti kutfolwa kwemali yekuthengisa noma yekuqashisa kuyacala ngemuva kwaloko lebekucatfulelwe. Sikhatsi sekuhlela akusiyo imisebenti yekuphatsa lencane; yindzawo lebalulekile yekulawula tingozi ekuletseni umsebenti.

Umtfombo wemtsetfo lomkhulu kufanele lowentiwa ngaphambi kwekutsi kutfolwe

Inchubo lelungele kusebentisa iyaqala ngekuqonda tinhlobo temtsetfo lobusa tinqumo tekulawula kwekwakha eNingizimu Afrika.

Ngobuncane, emaqembu kufanele afake lezigaba lelandzelako:

Sigaba semtsetfo	Yini lesiyilawulako	Umphumela wekusebenta
National Building Regulations and Building Standards Act 103 ka-1977	Sisekelo lesisemtsetfweni sekuhlolwa kwemasipala nemandla ekuvuma	Tisicelo kufanele tihlangabetane nemitsetfo ngaphambi kwekutsi umsebenti uqale ngemtsetfo
National Building Regulations (kuhlanganisa nemitsetfo ye-SANS 10400 ye-deemed-to-satisfy)	Tinga letekusebenta nekuphepha kwetekhnoloji	Imidzwebo netinchazelo kufanele ticale kuhambisana nemtsetfo, hhayi intsandvo kuphela
Sikhungo sekuhlela semasipala nemitsetfo yemakhaya	Emalungelo ekusebentisa umhlaba, kukhulu kwendzawo, emigca yekwakha, kupaka, nemendzo lengentiwe ngaphezulu	Emapulani angase alashwe nanobe ahlangabetana netekhnoloji, nangabe tilawulo temhlaba tiphulwe
Tilawulo tekuhlela letihambisana ne-SPLUMA	Kuhlelwa kwemhlaba nemaciko emhlaba	Tinchubo te-rezoning noma te-consent use tingadingeka ngaphambi kwekutsi kuvunywe emapulani ekwakha

Tibopho tekuphendvula tiyafana ngekubaluleka. Ma-architect, ma-engineer, nalabanye bantfu labakhona labanekhono bayasayina tingcenye temtsetfo wekugcina. Nangabe umklamo wakho wetsembele emendzweni yekuklama lenencazelo, kufanele tincazelo netibalo letisekelako tibe tilingana kahle nelitfuba lekuhlola.

Lapho kusebenta emakhaya, tinhlelo temtsetfo kufanele tihambisane nemasiko e-NHBRC. Kugcina tindlela temtsetfo tihlanganisiwe kuvimba kumangaliswa kwesikhatsi lesisekugcineni lesingakhapha kutsi kwentiwe kabusha. Nangabe liqembu lakho lisekhatsi lekukhulisa umtsetfo lolubukhulu kumsebenti wemphakatsi nowebucala, lo mhlahlandlela wesisekelo usiza ekulungiseleleni kuthengwa nekulungela kwetenkontileka: emagredi e-CIDB nemikhawulo yemaphrojekthi ichazwe.

Inchubo yekuhambisa ngekulandzelana leyehlisa kwenta kabusha

Inchubo lelugiyo kulungile kuvikela kakhulu ekutfumelweni kwemisho lephindzaphindzako yemasipala. Sebentisa lolulandzelano njengemgomo wekulawula, bese ulungisa ngekwemitsetfo yemasipala lendzawo.

Sigaba	Tinyatselo letibalulekile	Umnikati lomkhulu	Umphumela lovamile
1. Kuhlola ngaphambi kwesicelo	Qinisekisa kuhlelwa kwemhlaba, tinkinga tencwadzi yemhlaba, servitudes, overlays, tinkhathalelo temlandvo/tindzawo lebekelwe kuvikelwa	Developer + town planner + architect	Incwadzi yekutfola sicondvo nendlela yekuvunywa
2. Kuhlanganisa umklamo	Hlanganisa imigomo ye-architectural, structural, civil, fire, nemisebenti yetinsita kucala	Architect + engineers	Lusethi lwemiklamo lolubhalwe ngekuhlanganiswa
3. Kuhlola umtsetfo	Hlola emapulani ngekuhambisana ne-NBR/SANS 10400 nenhlolo yemasipala	Architect + compliance team	Ushintsho lwangaphakathi nelogi yemadzaba
4. Kuhlanganisa sitfunti sesicelo	Hlanganisa emafomu, bufakazi bemalungelo, power of attorney nangabe kudzingeka, emapulani, emabiko, bufakazi bekukhokha tindleko	Project admin + professionals	Ifayili yesicelo lephelele
5. Umjikelezo wekuhlolwa kwemasipala	Landzela imibuto, phendvula ngekubhalwa, phindza tinguquko nekulawula kwenguquko	Architect + coordinator	Irejista yemiphendvulo yemibuto nekuphindza kwesicelo
6. Kuvalwa kwekuvunywa	Thola emadokhumenti lavunyiwe lanesitembu netimiso, utfumele tinchazelo esayithini ne-QS	Developer + contractor	Lusethi lwemadokhumenti lavunyelwe kwakhiwa

Luhlu lwekuhlola ngaphambi kwesicelo (sisetho lesincane sekulawula)

Qinisekisa tinchazelo te-erf, lidatha lemalungelo wemhlaba, nemandla ekufaka sicelo.
Hlola emalungelo ekuhlela nekuphambuka lokudzingekako, nangabe kukhona.
Qinisekisa kupaka, kufinyelela, kuphatsa lemanti lakhukhulako, nemadzingo emlilo nemasipala lendzawo.
Qinisekisa kutsi yonkhe imidzwebo ihlanganisiwe futsi ibhalwe ngendlela lefanako.
Lungiselela iteemplethi lelisemtsetfweni lekuphendvula emibuteni yemasipala ngaphambi kwesicelo sekucala.
Bhala tinguquko tetidzwebo kute emaqembu esayithi angakhi ngemapulani lasetulu.

Phatsa ngaphambi kwesicelo njengekuhlolwa kwesango, hhayi njengemsebenti wekwenta nje. Kubambezeleka kweveki yinye kulungisa emacala ekutsi kubhalwe ngaphambi kwekutfumela kuvame kusindzisa tinyanga ekujikeleni kwekuvunywa.

Kungani ma-spreadsheet netinsita letihlukene ahluleka kulawula kuvunywa

Emaqembu lamanyenti awahlulekeli ngobe awanalo ulwati lwetekhnoloji. Ahluleka ngobe lwati lwemtsetfo lwahlukaniswe phakathi kwema-email, ma-spreadsheet tracker, namafolda endzawo nekulawula kwenguquko lokungasiyo lokuqinile.

Tindlela letivame kuhluleka:

Ispreadsheet lenye ilandzela tinhlaziyo, lenye ilandzela tindleko, futsi kute nelinye lelihambisana nemlandvo wetinguquko temidzwebo.
Ema-contractor atfola tincwadzi temapulani lasendzaleni emuva kwekuphindza kwesicelo bese aqhubeka kutfumela tintfo ngekutsi kuvelane nemininingwane lengasasebenti.
Emasebenti emari angeke akwati kulinganisa ngekunembile tindleko tekubambezeleka kokuvunywa ekuhlanganiseni nema-preliminaries nema-finance charges.
Emasebenti etenkontileka angena kancane, kuze tisaziso temasikhatsi nekumela kwe-extension-of-time kubobuthakathaka nanobe ukuvunywa kutsintsa emavikelo emsebenti wekugcina.

Kulapho kufanele kuhlanganiswe inchubo nekulawula kwetekhomishi. Nangabe kubambezeleka kutinta ingozi yekuphela, kulawulwa kwekontileka kufanele kuphendvule kucala. Ngekutimisela kwekukhokha nekwaziswa kulandzelana netemtsetfo tekontileka lendzawo, lo mhlahlandlela uyasita ekuhlanganiseni tilawulo: umhlahlandlela we-JBCC wesitifiketi sekukhokha weprojekthi yaseNingizimu Afrika. Kuvikela kuqina kwesikhatsi kulonkhe lolwelunzulu, hlanganisa kuvunywa esicinisweni sakho sekulawula kubambezeleka usebentisa: kubambezeleka kwemaphrojekthi ekwakheni eNingizimu Afrika nendlela yekunciphisa tona.

Umtfetfo lolusebenta: lomcwaningo lobuzwayo wemasipala kufanele ube nemnikati, lilanga lekufika, impendulo yemklamo, nemanothi womthelela wemnotfo. Nangabe kuncane noyinye kulamanatsi, usuphetse ingozi lengabonakali yekuhamba kwesikhatsi.

Sicelo sekusebentisa saseNingizimu Afrika: kusuka esicelweni lesimisiwe kuya kumapulani lavunyiwe

Cabanga ngephrojekthi lenemandla ephakathi nemisebenti lehlanganisiwe lapho liqembu licinisa kucala kwesakhiwo nge-Q3. Umsebenti wekucala wemgomo bekubonakala ulungile, kodvwa sicelo lesisemtsetfweni besibonise tindzawo letingaphelelanga:

Kulungiswa kwepaki kwaphikisana nencazelo yesikimu sekuhlela semasipala lendzawo.
Imidzwebo yemphumelelo yemlilo nekuphuma beyingahambisani kulamaphakheji etinsita.
Imininingwane yemanti lakhukhulako yadinga kucaca kwe-engineering lokwengetelelako.
Tinkhawulo letisencwadzini yemhlaba tatfolwa sekwephuze, lokwenta kutsi kubukwe ngemtsetfo.

Lomkhiqizi wephrojekthi wabuye wasetsa tilawulo ngemsebenti lohleliwe wesivinini sekuvunywa:

Wenta kuhlanganiswa kwetekhnoloji nekuhlelwa lokwemalunga emasekthi lamabili.
Wakhipha irejista yemdzwebo lenye lesitseni sekuciphisa emabhuku nekukhiyela tinguquko.
Wabeka umhlanganisi wekugcina umtsetfo lolawula kuphendvula konkhe kwemasipala.
Wengeta umbiko wengozi yekuvunywa wemaveki emcabango wekulawula lephrojekthi.
Wabuyekeza tinkolelo temari kuze kufakwe emalungiselelo wekuvunywa nekuhlolwa kwemacembu lamabili.

Umphumela: sicelo lesilandzelako besihlanzekile kakhulu, tinhlaziyo tabanga tincane, futsi tinqumo tekutfumela tinsita tenziwa ngelwati lwekuvunyiwe hhayi ngemacebo.

Lesifundvo lesikhulu siyimisebenti, hhayi siyincazelo lebhalwe. Kuphumelela kokuvunywa kuncike ekulawuleni lokuhlanganisiwe phakathi kwemiklamo, kugcinwa komtsetfo, tenkontileka, nemari. Nangabe liqembu lakho lephrojekthi lisanaka ekuvunyweni njengemsebenti lemile wodvwa wemiphatsi, kuciniseka kwesikhatsi kuyohlala kubuthaka.

Lelinye lincoko lelisebenta yikulungela kuhlolwa. Kusukela lapho kuvunyiwe, emaqembu esayithi asadzinga kulawula emadokhumenti ngekucinile kutsi asekele tihlolo futsi agweme tindzaba tekungahambisani letibanga kwentiwe kabusha. Gcina emapulani lanesitembu, tincomo tanjiniyela, nemarekhodi wetinguquko etindzaweni letisayithini kusukela ngelilanga lekucala. Kuvunywa kuyisango, kodvwa bufakazi bekugcina umtsetfo lobuqhubekako budzingeka kugcina iphrojekthi iqhubeka ngaphandle kwekumiswa.

Ngubani lofanele kusebentisa lenchubo, nesikhatsi sekuyisebentisa

Lolu hlelo lekulawula lusebenta kakhulu kulaba:

Bakhi bemakhaya ekwakheni labalawula tindlu lenkhethwayo, tikhulu temakhaya, noma emaphrojekthi e-townhouse lapho kuhumusha kwemasipala nekutsi sicelo sinjani kungasheshisa kutsi emadethi ekulethwa aphazamiseke.
Ema-contractor ekwakheni lebucala labahlanganisa ema-consultant lamanyenti netibopho tenkontileka ekwakheni lehhovisi, ekuthengiseni, kumsebenti wemchamu, noma emsebenti lohlangene.
Ema-property developer labatsvala timali temnotfo kusukela ekuhloleni kwemgomo, kuvunywa, kuze kuphele kwemsebenti.
Ema-project manager nabalawuli benkontileka labadzinga kuchazwa lokubhaliwe kwesizatfu sekubambezeleka nekulawula lokucacile kwesikhatsi lesisemkhatsini.

Yisebentise njengoba kuhlola kwekucala kwemgomo nemklamo wekucala, hhayi kuphela nasemidzwebo lekugcina isilungile. Nangabe uqala ngekuhlanganisa tilungelo tekuhlela, kuhambisana netekhnoloji nekulawulwa kwesicelo ngalesikhatsi, kuncane kwemsebenti lophindzwa kabusha ekugcineni.

Sebentisa lolu hlolo lolufishane lwekusebenta njengesisekelo sakho sekutfula:

Umbuto wekulawula	Yebo/Cha
Ingabe emalungelo ekuhlela nemadzingo ekuphambuka siwaqinisekise ngekubhalwa?
Ingabe kunemgomo munye wedwebo lolugunyiwe lolunekulawula kwenguquko?
Ingabe ma-architect, ma-engineer, nemisebenti lekhethekile iyahlanganiswa ngekwetekhnoloji?
Ingabe konkhe kubuzwa kwemasipala kunemnikati lobitsiwe nelilanga lekufika?
Ingabe kubambezeleka kokuvunywa kuyafakwa esikhatsini nasemacebweni e-cash flow?
Ingabe tinqumo tekucala kwesakhiwo ticinerile kuphela esimweni semadokhumenti lavunyiwe?

Nangabe udzinga kubona kahle ngetindleko lapho kuvunywa kusalindzile, hlanganisa lenchubo nekubikezela lokuhlelekile nekuhlelwa kwekukhokha: cash flow yekwakha eNingizimu Afrika.

Yakha kuciniseka etindleleni te-building plan approval eNingizimu Afrika lemaqembu lawasebentisako

Inchubo ye-building plan approval lemaqembu eNingizimu Afrika awetsembela kuyo kufanele ikhiphe kuciniseka, hhayi kubambezeleka lokuphindzaphindzako. Nangabe tilawulo temtsetfo tihlanganiswe nekuhlanganisa kwemiklamo, kulawulwa kwetenkontileka, nekuhlelwa kwemari, uyavikela emasikhatsi ekucala, uyanciphisa kwenta kabusha lokungadzingeki, futsi wenta tinqumo letingcono ngaphansi kwingcindezi.

Nangabe ufuna sistimu lenye yekulawula temsebenti wemtsetfo, tilawulo temaphrojekthi, nekuletwa kwekwakha kusuka ekuhloleni kuye ekunikelweni, bona indlela iWakha leyisita ngayo emaqembu eNingizimu Afrika kuphumelela ngekubambezeleka lokuncane kwekuvunywa.

Imibuto Lebutwa Njalo

Kuvunywa kwemapulani ekwakha eNingizimu Afrika kuyini?

Kuvunywa kwemapulani ngemvumo lelotfulwe ngalobhalwe yemasipala yekwakha, lenikwa ngaphansi kweNational Building Regulations and Building Standards Act 103 ka-1977. Umsebenti wekulawula wemkhakha wekwakha uhlola imidzwebo yakho ngekuhambisana neNational Building Regulations, SANS 10400 nesikimu sekuhlela semasipala lendzawo. Sigaba 4 soMtsetfo sitsi awukwati kuqala umsebenti wekwakha ngaphandle kwalokuvunywa kwangaphambilini.

Inchubo yekuvunywa kwemapulani ekwakha ithatha sikhatsi lesingakanani eNingizimu Afrika?

Sigaba 7 se-Act 103 ka-1977 sinika masipala emalanga langu-30 kutsi enqume ngemapulani etakhiwo letingaphansi kwe-500 m², kanti emalanga langu-60 etakhiwo le-500 m² noma lebukhulu, emva kwekutsi itfole sicelo lesiphelele. Ngalokwenteka, imibuto nekuphindza kwetisicelo kuvame kwengeta emaviki nanobe tinyanga, ngako hlela sikhatsi lesingakalindzeleki esikhombisweni sakho semsebenti.

Yimaphi emadokhumenti adzingekako kutfola kuvunywa kwemapulani ekwakha?

Emasipala lamanyenti acela ifomu lesicelo, bufakazi bemalungelo wemhlaba njengencwadzi yemhlaba (title deed), i-power of attorney yelinikwa ngumnikati nangabe umkhandzisi afaka sicelo, imapulani esayithini nemapulani etakhiwo, emafomu wekuvunywa kwe-engineer, nebufakazi bekukhokha tindleko. Emanye emaphrojekthi adzinga futsi emabiko emlilo, emandla, noma ekugcinwa kwelifa. Hlola luhlu lwekuhlola lwemasipala wakho ngaphambi kwekutsi ufake sicelo.

Ngingakwati kwakha ngaphambi kwekutsi emapulani ami avunywe?

Cha. Sigaba 4 se-National Building Regulations and Building Standards Act sivimbela kwakha sakhiwo ngaphandle kwekuvunywa kwangaphambilini kwemasipala, ngaphandle kwemisebenti lencane lethile yekwakha. Kwakha ngaphandle kwekuvunywa kungaholela etindleleni, sitayi sekumisa umsebenti, nesiyalo sekudiliza. Futsi kungabangela tinkinga nawuthengisa noma nawucinisekisa indlu.

Kuvunywa kwemapulani ekwakha kubiza kangakanani?

Masipala ngamunye acale emaphethini wawo etindleko, ngalokuvame kuncike esigabeni sendzawo yesakhiwo nalenhlobo yemsebenti. Tindleko tishintsha ngemnyaka wemari ngamunye, ngako sebentisa luhlu lwemaphethini lwamanje lesewebhusayithi yemasipala wakho. Futsi hlela imali yetindleko temaprofeshinali, njengo-architect, engineer, ne-town planner, lamavame kuba lamakhulu kunetindleko temasipala.

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