Quantity Surveyor u Ita Mini? Buga ya Afrika Tshipembe

Kha phurojeke ya u fhaṱa, quantity surveyor ndi muthu ane a ita uri masheleni a fulufhedzee. Architect u ola tshifhaṱo. Inzhiniere u khwaṱhisedza uri tshi ima tsho khwaṱha. Khontiraka u tshi fhaṱa. Quantity surveyor (QS) u tshi kala, u tshi vhea mutengo nahone u langa mutengo watsho, u bva kha tsumbanyo ya u thoma u swika kha final account. Musi mushumo uyu u tshi itwa zwavhuḓi, ni vhulunga mbuelo yaṋu. Musi u tshi siiwa kha mashudu, u fhira ha mutengo hu swika sa tshimangadzo.

Buga heyi i ṱalusa zwine quantity surveyor a zwi ita ḓuvha ḽiṅwe na ḽiṅwe, hune a dzula hone kha phurojeke, nḓila ine valuation ya ṅwedzi ya shuma ngayo, nḓila ine mushumo uyu wa fhambana ngayo na wa estimator kana wa architect, na nḓila ya u ḓivha musi ni tshi mu ṱoḓa. Yo ṅwalelwa vhavheledzisi, dikhontiraka na vharengi vhane vha dzula vha tshi pfa “vhudzisani QS” nahone vha ṱoḓa u ḓivha zwine zwa amba zwone.

Zwine Quantity Surveyor a Zwi Ita

Quantity surveyor u tshimbidza tshipiḓa tsha mutengo na tsha bindu tsha phurojeke vhutshiloni hayo hoṱhe. Nga u shuma, mushumo uyu u vha mishumo i dovholowaho kha phurojeke iṅwe na iṅwe:

U linganyisela na feasibility. Ṋeani mbalo ya u thoma i tshi nga tsireledzwa ya zwine phurojeke ya ḓo ḓura zwone, hu sa athu vha na muthu ane a ḓiṋekedza.
Bills of quantities (BOQ). Kalani mishumo kha dzidirowuingi nahone ni i shandukise i vhe bill i ṱalusaho tshithu tshiṅwe na tshiṅwe, ine dikhontiraka dza i vhea mutengo kha thendara.
U renga na thendelano. Eletshedzani nga fomo ya thendelano, vhambedzani dithendara nahone ni vhee mutengo wa khombo.
U kala na valuation. Kalani mushumo wo itwaho saithini nahone ni u vhee mutengo kha mbadelo ya ṅwedzi.
Di-variation na khumbelo. Vheani mutengo wa tshanduko nahone ni sedze khumbelo, uri vhuimo ha bindu vhu dzule vho luga.
U langa mutengo na mivhigo. Tevhelani mutengo wo ḓiṋekedzwaho na wa vhukuma u vhambedzwa na budget, nahone ni linganyisele mutengo wa u fhedzisela.
Final account. Tendelanani nga mutengo wa u fhedzisela wa thendelano musi mushumo wo fhela.

Nga u leluwa, QS ndi muthu ane mulanguli a mu founela u vhudzisa, “Naa ri kha ḓi ḓo wana mbuelo yashu?”

Hune QS a Dzula Hone: Khontiraka, Consultant kana Muvheledzisi

Dzina ḽithihi ḽa mushumo ḽi katela vhuimo vhuraru ho fhambanaho, ngauralo zwi na ndeme u ḓivha uri ni amba vhufhio. Vha kovhekana zwikili zwi fanaho fhedzi vha shumela vhathu vho fhambanaho.

Vhuimo	Vhane vha vha shumela	Zwine vha livha khazwo
QS wa khontiraka	Khontiraka wa u fhaṱa	U badelwa: u vhea mutengo wa dithendara, u kala mushumo, u rumela khumbelo dza mbadelo dzi na vhuṱanzi ho khwaṱhaho
QS wa phurofeshinala (PQS)	Murengi kana muvheledzisi	Nyeletshedzo dza mutengo dzi ḓiimisaho: feasibility, BOQ, di-valuation dzo teaho, vhulanguli ha thendelano, mivhigo kha muṋetshedzi wa masheleni
QS wa ngomu ha muvheledzisi	Bindu ḽa mveledziso	Vhuimo ha masheleni: mutengo wa u fhedzisa kha yuniti iṅwe na iṅwe, budget u vhambedzwa na mutengo wa vhukuma, feasibility kha phurojeke dzoṱhe

Phurojeke nnzhi dzi na di-QS mbili dzine dza sedzana ṅwedzi muṅwe na muṅwe. QS wa khontiraka u sumbedza zwo fhaṱwaho. PQS wa murengi u zwi sedza nahone a eletshedza zwine zwa fanela u badelwa. U kokodzana uhu hu a thusa. Hu ita uri mbalo dzi dzule dzo luga kha lutanga luṅwe na luṅwe.

QS kha Phurojeke Yoṱhe

Nḓila yo leluwaho ya u pfesesa mushumo uyu ndi u tevhela masheleni u bva kha muhumbulo u swika kha u ṋekedza. QS u na mushumo kha vhuimo huṅwe na huṅwe:

Feasibility. Mavu a sa athu rengwa, QS u ṋea tsumbanyo ya mutengo ya u thoma uri muvheledzisi a kone u sedza arali mbalo dzi tshi shuma.
Nyolo na BOQ. Musi dzidirowuingi dzi tshi bvela phanḓa, QS u kala mishumo nahone a ṅwala bill of quantities.
Thendara na u ṋewa mushumo. QS u vhambedza dithendara nga nḓila i fanaho nahone a eletshedza nga fomo ya thendelano, sa JBCC, NEC kana GCC.
U fhaṱa. Ṅwedzi muṅwe na muṅwe, QS u kala mushumo wo fhedziswaho, u vhea mutengo wa di-variation nahone a lugisela valuation ya mbadelo. Thendelano i amba uri retention ine ya farwa ndi masheleni angana.
U langa mutengo. Tshifhinga tshoṱhe tsha u fhaṱa, QS u tevhela mutengo u vhambedzwa na budget nahone a linganyisela mutengo wa u fhedzisa. U fhira ha mutengo hu bvelela sa tsevho ya u thoma, hu si tshimangadzo magumoni. Buga yashu nga ha u thivhela u fhira ha mitengo ya u fhaṱa i katela zwiitisi zwi ḓoweleaho.
Final account. Musi mushumo wo fhela, QS u tendelana na luṅwe lutanga nga mutengo wa u fhedzisela wa thendelano.

Ndingo i ṱavhanyaho. Arali ni sa koni u fhindula uri “Hezwi zwo ḓura zwingana u swika zwino, hu kha ḓi sala zwingana u shumiswa, nahone naa ri kha ḓi vha kha mbuelo?” kha vhege iṅwe na iṅwe, ni na tshikhala tshine quantity surveyor a tshi ḓadza.

Nḓila ine Valuation ya Ṅwedzi ya Shuma Ngayo

Valuation ya ṅwedzi ndi hune QS a shandukisa mvelaphanḓa ya saithi ya vha mbalo ya mbadelo. Tsumbo yo leluwaho ya phurojeke ya nnḓu i re na retention ya 10% na VAT ya 15%:

Mutaladzi	Masheleni
Mushumo wo fhedziswaho u swika zwino (wo kalwa saithini)	R4,200,000
Zwishumiswa zwi re saithini	R150,000
Mutengo woṱhe u swika zwino	R4,350,000
Bvisani retention (10%)	R435,000
Mutengo wo salaho u swika zwino	R3,915,000
Bvisani masheleni o khwaṱhisedzwaho kale	R2,970,000
Masheleni ane a fanela ṅwedzi uyu (hu sa katelwi VAT)	R945,000
VAT ya 15%	R141,750
Zwoṱhe zwine zwa fanela ṅwedzi uyu	R1,086,750

Mutaladzi muṅwe na muṅwe u ṱoḓa vhuṱanzi. QS u vhulunga zwikalo, zwifanyiso zwa saithi, di-variation dzo tendelwaho na di-delivery note murahu ha mbalo. Hu si na vhuṱanzi uho, luṅwe lutanga lu ḓo fhungudza khumbelo. Phesenthe ya retention na maḓuvha a u i bvisa zwi bva kha thendelano, ngauralo tshifhinga tshoṱhe sedzani contract data nṱhani ha u humbulela mbalo. Buga yashu ya di-certificate dza mbadelo ya mvelaphanḓa Afrika Tshipembe i ṱalusa tshifhinga tshoṱhe tsha di-certificate.

QS, Estimator kana Architect: Ndi Nnyi a Itaho Mini

Mishumo iyi miraru i dovha ya vhilingana, ngauralo hei ndi nḓila yo leluwaho. Estimator u vhea mutengo wa mushumo, kanzhi kha khontiraka, u itela u kunda thendara. Quantity surveyor na ene u ita zwenezwo. Nga murahu QS u fara mutengo kha u fhaṱa hoṱhe: u kala, di-variation, di-valuation na final account. Architect u ola tshifhaṱo. Kha phurojeke nnzhi dza JBCC, architect u dovha a vha principal agent ane a langa thendelano. Principal agent a nga dovha a vha QS kana project manager.

Mushumo	Mushumo muhulwane	Musi vha tshi shuma vhukuma
Estimator	U vhea mutengo wa mushumo u itela u kunda thendara	Thendelano i sa athu sainwa
Quantity surveyor	U langa mutengo u bva kha tsumbanyo u swika kha final account	U bva kha feasibility u swika kha final account
Architect	U ola tshifhaṱo nahone kanzhi u langa thendelano	U bva kha muhumbulo u swika mushumo u tshi fhela

Architect ndi muṋe wa nyolo. Estimator ndi muṋe wa mutengo wa thendara. QS ndi muṋe wa masheleni u bva mathomoni u swika magumoni.

Vhuimo ha Afrika Tshipembe

Quantity surveying Afrika Tshipembe i tevhela thendelano, zwiimo na milayo ya fhano. QS wavhuḓi wa SA u a ḓivha:

Fomo dza thendelano. JBCC i ḓoweleaho kha mushumo wa zwifhaṱo. NEC na GCC zwi ḓoweleaho kha mushumo wa civil na wa zwiimiswa zwa shango. Iṅwe na iṅwe i na milayo yayo ya di-valuation, retention na di-variation. Buga yashu i vhambedzaho thendelano dza JBCC, NEC na GCC i sumbedza phambano.
Zwiimo zwa u kala. Di-bill dza zwifhaṱo kanzhi dzi lugiselwa u ya nga ASAQS Standard System of Measuring Building Work, uri mbalo i ambe tshithu tshithihi kha muṅwe na muṅwe ane a rumela thendara.
Tshiimiswa tsha phurofeshinala. Quantity Surveying Profession Act 49 ya 2000 yo thoma South African Council for the Quantity Surveying Profession (SACQSP), ine ya ṅwalisa di-quantity surveyor. Association of South African Quantity Surveyors (ASAQS) ndi dzangano ḽa phurofeshinala ḽine vhathu vha dzhena khaḽo nga u funa.
Milayo miṅwe. U ṱhaluswa ha CIDB hu shuma kha mushumo wa muvhuso. Milayo ya NHBRC i shuma kha nnḓu ntswa. VAT na retention zwi dovha zwa kwama mbalo dzine QS a dzi langa.

Ndi ngazwo muphurofeshinala wa mutengo o gudelaho kha ḽiṅwe shango a tshi ṱoḓa tshifhinga tsha u guda thendelano na zwiimo zwa fhano a sa athu dzhia phurojeke ya Afrika Tshipembe.

Nḓila ya u Ḓivha Musi ni tshi Mu Ṱoḓa

Zwine zwa sumbedza arali ni tshi ṱoḓa QS a si vhuhulu ha phurojeke. Ndi zwipiḓa zwingana zwi tshimbilaho kha masheleni aṋu. Ni a mu ṱoḓa vhukuma musi:

Ni tshi adzima masheleni nga phurojeke, nahone muṋetshedzi wa masheleni a tshi ṱoḓa u sainwa ha mutengo nga muthu o ḓiimisaho a sa athu bvisa masheleni.
Tshanduko dza murengi kana dza nyolo dzi tshi anda, nahone ni sa khou fulufhela uri tshanduko iṅwe na iṅwe yo vhewa mutengo, ya tendelwa nahone masheleni a vhuya.
Ni tshi tshimbidza phurojeke dzi fhiraho nthihi nahone ni sa koni u vhambedza mutengo khadzo nga nḓila i fanaho.
Masheleni o khwaṱhisedzwaho a tshi dzula a tshi wela fhasi ha tsumbanyo yaṋu, nahone ni sa koni u amba tshiitisi.

Kha mushumo muṱuku wa phuraivethe u re na mutengo wo khwaṱhaho na tshanduko dzi si nnzhi, khontiraka a nga langa mutengo hu si na QS wa tshifhinga tshoṱhe. Naho zwo ralo, vhanzhi vha shumisa QS kha BOQ na final account.

U Shuma Zwavhuḓi na Quantity Surveyor Waṋu

QS u vha wavhuḓi fhedzi u ya nga mafhungo ane a a wana. Vhavheledzisi na dikhontiraka vha nga ita uri mushumo uyu u shume zwavhuḓi vhukuma nga maitele maṱuku:

Dzhenisani QS nga u ṱavhanya. Nyeletshedzo dza mutengo kha feasibility dzi vhulunga masheleni manzhi u fhira u langa mutengo nga tshifhinga tsha u fhaṱa.
Tendelani tshanduko nga u ṅwala. Variation i si na ndaela yo ṅwalwaho i a konḓa u vhewa mutengo nahone zwi a konḓa vhukuma u vhuyedza masheleni ayo.
Kovhekanani rekhodo dza saithi vhege iṅwe na iṅwe. QS u ṱoḓa dayari, zwifanyiso zwa mvelaphanḓa na di-delivery note u vhea mutengo wa mushumo nga nḓila yo teaho.
Tendelanani nga fomathe nthihi ya muvhigo wa mutengo. Shumisani fomathe i fanaho ṅwedzi muṅwe na muṅwe, uri zwi leluwe u vhona tshanduko.
Vhulungani tshisima tshithihi tsha ngoho. Dibudget, di-variation na di-valuation zwi fanela u dzula kha sisiṱeme nthihi, hu si kha di-spreadsheet ṱhanu.

Zwigwada zwinzhi zwa QS zwino zwi shumisa sofuthiwea u vhulunga BOQ, di-variation, di-valuation na mutengo wa u fhedzisa kha rekhodo nthihi. Zwishumiswa zwa Afrika Tshipembe sa Wakha zwi tikedza di-certificate dza mbadelo dza JBCC, NEC na GCC na budget u vhambedzwa na mutengo wa vhukuma nga Rand. Sofuthiwea i tikedza QS. A i dzhii vhudzulo ha khaṱhulo yawe. U itela zwidodombedzwa zwa zwishumiswa, vhonani buga yashu ya sofuthiwea ya quantity surveying Afrika Tshipembe.

Mafhungo a Fhedzisela

Quantity surveyor u ita uri masheleni a phurojeke a fulufhedzee, u bva kha tsumbanyo ya u thoma ya feasibility, nga valuation iṅwe na iṅwe ya ṅwedzi na tshanduko iṅwe na iṅwe, u swika kha final account. Kha phurojeke dza Afrika Tshipembe, dzi re na thendelano dza JBCC, NEC na GCC, milayo ya CIDB na NHBRC na mbuelo ṱhukhu dza vhaṋetshedzi vha masheleni, mushumo uyu u tsireledza mbuelo ye na i dzudzanya. Mbudziso dzine QS a dzi fhindula a dzi shanduki: hezwi zwo ḓura zwingana, hu kha ḓi sala mini, nahone naa ri kha ḓi tevhela pulane?

Mbudziso Dzine dza Vhudziswa Kanzhi

Quantity surveyor ndi mini?

Quantity surveyor ndi muphurofeshinala wa u fhaṱa ane a langa mutengo wa phurojeke u bva mathomoni u swika magumoni. U linganyisela mutengo, u lugisela bill of quantities, u vhea mutengo wa mushumo kha mbadelo, u vhea mutengo wa tshanduko nahone a tendelana nga final account. Afrika Tshipembe, di-quantity surveyor dza phurofeshinala dzi ḓiṅwalisa kha SACQSP.

Naa quantity surveyor u fana na estimator?

Hai, fhedzi mishumo iyi i a ṱangana. Estimator u vhea mutengo wa mushumo u itela u kunda thendara. Quantity surveyor na ene u ita zwenezwo, nga murahu a fara mutengo kha u fhaṱa hoṱhe: u kala, di-variation, di-valuation na final account. QS muṅwe na muṅwe u a kona u linganyisela. A si estimator muṅwe na muṅwe ane a ita mushumo woṱhe wa QS.

Naa ndi ṱoḓa quantity surveyor kha phurojeke ṱhukhu?

Arali ni tshi adzima masheleni nga phurojeke, ni na tshanduko nnzhi kana ni tshi ṱoḓa di-valuation dza ṅwedzi dzo khwaṱhisedzwaho, phindulo kanzhi ndi ee. Zwine zwa sumbedza ndi u konḓa ha masheleni, hu si vhuhulu ha fhasi. Naho nnḓu nthihi i re na mbadelo dza ṅwedzi na tshanduko i nga xelelwa nga mbuelo hu si na u langa mutengo zwavhuḓi.

QS u na pfunzo dzifhio Afrika Tshipembe?

Di-quantity surveyor nnzhi dza Afrika Tshipembe dzi na digirii yo tendelwaho ya quantity surveying. U itela u shuma sa muphurofeshinala, dzi ḓiṅwalisa kha South African Council for the Quantity Surveying Profession (SACQSP). Nnzhi dzi dovha dza vha miraḓo ya ASAQS.

Phambano ndi ifhio vhukati ha QS wa khontiraka na QS wa murengi?

QS wa khontiraka u shuma u vhuyedza mutengo wa khontiraka na u badelwa. QS wa phurofeshinala wa murengi (PQS) u ṋea nyeletshedzo dzi ḓiimisaho nahone a eletshedza mutengo wo teaho kha murengi. Kha phurojeke nnzhi vhoṱhe vhavhili vha hone, nahone u kokodzana vhukati havho hu ita uri valuation i fulufhedzee.

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