Yenzani I-Quantity Surveyor? Umhlahlandlela weSewula Afrika

Ephrojekthini yokwakha, i-quantity surveyor ngumuntu ogcina imali ithembekile. I-architect idizayina isakhiwo. I-engineer iqinisekisa bona sima siqinile. Ikontraka iyasakha. I-quantity surveyor (QS) iyasilinganisa, isifake intengo begodu ilawule iindleko zaso, kusukela ekulinganiseni kokuthoma kuye ku-final account. Nangabe umsebenzi lo wenziwa kuhle, ugcina i-margin yakho. Nangabe utjhiywa ngethuba, ukudlula kweendleko kufika njengento eyisimanga.

Umhlahlandlela lo uhlathulula lokho i-quantity surveyor ekwenzako qobe langa, lapho ihlala khona ephrojekthini, indlela i-valuation yanyanga zoke esebenza ngayo, indlela umsebenzi lo ohluke ngayo kowe-estimator namkha we-architect, nendlela yokwazi bona uyayidinga. Utlolelwe abathuthukisi, amakontraka namakhasimende ahlala azwa bona “buza i-QS” begodu afuna ukwazi bona lokho kutjho ukuthini.

Lokho I-Quantity Surveyor Ekwenzako

I-quantity surveyor iqhuba uhlangothi lweendleko nelebhizinisi lephrojekthi kuyo yoke ipilo yayo. Ngokwenzeka, umsebenzi wehlela emisebenzini ethileko ephindwa kiyo yoke iphrojekthi:

Ukulinganisa nokukghoneka. Nikela inani lokuthoma elivikelekako lalokho iphrojekthi ezokubiza khona, ngaphambi kobana umuntu azibophe.
I-bill of quantities (BOQ). Linganisa umsebenzi emadrowingini bese uwenza ibhili enezinto ezibaliweko amakontraka azifaka intengo ye-tender.
Ukuthenga neenkontraka. Eluleka ngefomu lekontraka, qhathanisa ama-tender begodu ufake intengo eengozini.
Ukulinganisa nokuveza ubungako. Linganisa umsebenzi owenziwe e-site bese uveza ubungako bawo bokubhadelwa kwanyanga zoke.
Amaguquko neemfuno. Faka intengo emagugukweni begodu uhlole iimfuno, bona isimo sebhizinisi sihlale silungile.
Ukulawula iindleko nemibiko. Landela iindleko ezibophelelweko nezamambala kuqhathaniswa nebhajethi, begodu ubikezele iindleko zokugcina.
I-final account. Vumelana ngobungako bokugcina bekontraka nangabe umsebenzi uphelile.

Ngamafitjhani, i-QS ngumuntu umphathi amfownela bona abuze, “Sisazoyithola na i-margin yethu?”

Lapho I-QS Ihlala Khona: Ikontraka, Umeluleki namkha Umthuthukisi

Ibizo linye lomsebenzi lihlanganisa izihlalo ezintathu ezihlukeneko, ngalokho kuqakathekile bona ukhuluma ngesiphi. Banamakghono afanako kodwana basebenzela abantu abahlukeneko.

Isihlalo	Abasebenzela bani	Abagxila kini
I-QS yekontraka	Ikontraka yokwakha	Ukubhadelwa: ukufaka intengo kuma-tender, ukulinganisa umsebenzi, ukufaka iimfuno zokubhadelwa nobufakazi obuqinileko
I-QS yobungcweti (PQS)	Ikhasimende namkha umthuthukisi	Iselulekelo seendleko esizimeleko: ukukghoneka, i-BOQ, ama-valuation alungileko, ukuphatha ikontraka, imibiko eya kumxhasi
I-QS yangaphakathi yomthuthukisi	Ibhizinisi lokuthuthukisa	Isimo semali: iindleko zokuqedela ngeyunithi, ibhajethi kuqhathaniswa neendleko zamambala, ukukghoneka emaphrojekthini woke

Amaphrojekthi amanengi ane-QS ezimbili ezibhekene qobe nyanga. I-QS yekontraka yethula lokho okwakhiweko. I-PQS yekhasimende iyakuhlola begodu iphakamise lokho okufuze kubhadelwe. Ukungezwani loko kunelusizo. Kugcina amanani aqotho eenhlangothini zombili.

I-QS Kiyo Yoke Iphrojekthi

Indlela elula khulu yokuzwisisa umsebenzi lo kulandela imali kusukela emcabangweni kuye ku-handover. I-QS inomsebenzi esigabeni ngasinye:

Ukukghoneka. Ngaphambi kobana kuthengwe isiqinti, i-QS inikela ukulinganiswa kweendleko kokuthoma bona umthuthukisi ahlole bona amanani ayasebenza na.
Idizayini ne-BOQ. Njengombana amadrowing akhula, i-QS ilinganisa umsebenzi begodu itlole i-bill of quantities.
I-tender nokuklonyeliswa. I-QS iqhathanisa ama-tender ngendlela efanako begodu yeluleke ngefomu lekontraka, njenge-JBCC, i-NEC namkha i-GCC.
Ukwakha. Qobe nyanga, i-QS ilinganisa umsebenzi oqediweko, ifake intengo emagugukweni begodu ilungiselele i-valuation yokubhadelwa. Ikontraka iqunta bona i-retention engangani ebanjwako.
Ukulawula iindleko. Kiyo yoke indlela yokwakha, i-QS ilandela iindleko kuqhathaniswa nebhajethi begodu ibikezele iindleko zokuqedela. Ukudlula kweendleko kuvela njengesiyeleliso sangaphambili, ingasi njengokuthuka ekupheleni. Umhlahlandlela wethu wokuvimba ukudlula kweendleko zokwakha uhlathulula izizathu ezijayelekileko.
I-final account. Nangabe umsebenzi uphelile, i-QS ivumelana nehlangothi elinye ngobungako bokugcina bekontraka.

Ukuhlola okusheshako. Nangabe ungakghoni ukuphendula bona “Lokhu kubize malini kuze kube nje, kusele malini okufuze isetjenziswe, begodu sisese ku-margin na?” kinanyana ngiyiphi iveke, unesikhala i-quantity surveyor esivalako.

Indlela I-Valuation Yanyanga Zoke Esebenza Ngayo

I-valuation yanyanga zoke yindawo lapho i-QS itjhugulula khona ukuthuthuka kwe-site kube yimali yokubhadelwa. Naso isibonelo esilula sephrojekthi yezindlu ene-retention ye-10% ne-VAT ye-15%:

Umugqa	Imali
Umsebenzi oqediweko kuze kube namhlanje (olinganiswe e-site)	R4,200,000
Izinto ezise-site	R150,000
Ubungako obupheleleko kuze kube namhlanje	R4,350,000
Susa i-retention (10%)	R435,000
Ubungako obuseleko kuze kube namhlanje	R3,915,000
Susa imali ebeyiqinisekisiwe ngaphambili	R2,970,000
Imali efanele inyanga le (ngaphandle kwe-VAT)	R945,000
I-VAT ye-15%	R141,750
Isamba esifanele inyanga le	R1,086,750

Umugqa ngamunye udinga ubufakazi. I-QS igcina ukulinganiswa, iinthombe ze-site, amaguquko avunyiweko namanothi wokuletha ngemva kwamanani. Ngaphandle kobufakazi lobo, elinye ihlangothi lizokuquma isibawo. Iphesenti le-retention namalanga wokukhululwa kuvela ekontrakeni, ngalokho hlala uhlola idatha yekontraka esikhundleni sokucabanga inani. Umhlahlandlela wethu weensitifikedi zokubhadelwa ngokuthuthuka eSewula Afrika uhlathulula isiqhemo esipheleleko sesitifikedi.

I-QS, I-Estimator namkha I-Architect: Ngubani Owenza Ini

Imisebenzi le emithathu kanengi iyaphanjaniswa, ngalokho nasi isihlathululo esilula. I-estimator ifaka intengo emsebenzini, kanengi yekontraka, bona izuze i-tender. I-quantity surveyor yenza lokho nayo. Bese i-QS ithwala iindleko kiyo yoke indlela yokwakha: ukulinganisa, amaguquko, ama-valuation ne-final account. I-architect idizayina isakhiwo. Kumaphrojekthi amanengi we-JBCC, i-architect ibuye isebenze njenge-principal agent ephatha ikontraka. I-principal agent ingaba yi-QS namkha umphathi wephrojekthi.

Umsebenzi	Umsebenzi omkhulu	Lapho basebenza khona khulu
I-estimator	Ukufaka intengo emsebenzini bona izuze i-tender	Ngaphambi kobana ikontraka isayinwe
I-quantity surveyor	Ukulawula iindleko kusukela ekulinganiseni kuye ku-final account	Kusukela ekukghonekeni kuye ku-final account
I-architect	Ukudizayina isakhiwo nokuphatha ikontraka kanengi	Kusukela emcabangweni kuye ekuqedeni

I-architect ingumnikazi wedizayini. I-estimator ingumnikazi wentengo ye-tender. I-QS ingumnikazi wemali kusukela ekuthomeni kuye ekupheleni.

Isimo SeSewula Afrika

I-quantity surveying eSewula Afrika ilandela iinkontraka, iimtjhwayo nemithetho yendawo. I-quantity surveyor ehle ye-SA iyazazi:

Amafomu wekontraka. I-JBCC ijayelekile emsebenzini wokwakha. I-NEC ne-GCC zijayelekile emsebenzini we-civil ne-infrastructure. Ngayinye inemithetho yayo yama-valuation, i-retention namaguquko. Umhlahlandlela wethu oqhathanisa iinkontraka ze-JBCC, i-NEC ne-GCC uveza umehluko.
Iimtjhwayo zokulinganisa. Amabhili wokwakha kanengi alungiswa ngokulandela i-ASAQS Standard System of Measuring Building Work, bona ubunengi butjho into efanako kuwo woke umuntu ofaka i-tender.
Isiqhema sobungcweti. I-Quantity Surveying Profession Act 49 ka-2000 yasungula i-South African Council for the Quantity Surveying Profession (SACQSP), ebhalisa ama-quantity surveyor. I-Association of South African Quantity Surveyors (ASAQS) sihlangano sobungcweti sokuzithandela.
Imithetho ebanzi. Ukulinganiswa kwe-CIDB kusebenza emsebenzini kahulumende. Imithetho ye-NHBRC isebenza ezindlini ezitjha. I-VAT ne-retention nazo zithinta amanani i-QS ewalawulako.

Kungalokho ingcweti yeendleko efundiswe kwenye indawo idinga isikhathi sokufunda iinkontraka neemtjhwayo zendawo ngaphambi kobana ithathe iphrojekthi yeSewula Afrika.

Indlela Yokwazi Bona Uyayidinga

Okuqunta bona uyayidinga i-QS akusiko ubukhulu bephrojekthi. Kuyinani lezinto ezinyakazako emalini yakho. Kuyakhanya bona uyayidinga nangabe:

Uboleka imali ngephrojekthi, begodu umxhasi ufuna ukusayinwa kweendleko okuzimeleko ngaphambi kobana akhulule imali.
Amaguquko wekhasimende namkha wedizayini avamile, begodu awuqiniseki bona ngalinye lifakwe intengo, livunyiwe begodu imali ibuyisiwe.
Uqhuba iphrojekthi engaphezu kweyodwa begodu awukghoni ukuqhathanisa iindleko zazo ngendlela efanako.
Imali eqinisekisiweko ihlala iwela ngaphasi kokulinganisa kwakho, begodu awukghoni ukutjho bona kubayini.

Emsebenzini omncani wangeqadi onentengo emisiweko namaguquko ambalwa, ikontraka ingalawula iindleko ngaphandle kwe-QS yesikhathi esizeleko. Ngitjho nalapho, abanengi basebenzisa i-QS ye-BOQ ne-final account.

Ukusebenza Kuhle Ne-Quantity Surveyor Yakho

I-QS ihle kwaphela njengelwazi eyamukelako. Abathuthukisi namakontraka bangenza umsebenzi lo usebenze khulu ngemikghwa embalwa:

Ngenisa i-QS msinyana. Iselulekelo seendleko ekukghonekeni songa imali enengi kunokulawula iindleko ngesikhathi sokwakha.
Vuma amaguquko ngokutlolwa. Itjhuguluko elingenawo umyalo otlolweko libudisi ukulifaka intengo begodu libudisi khulu ukubuyisa imali yalo.
Yabelana ngamarekhodi we-site qobe veke. I-QS idinga idayari, iinthombe zokuthuthuka namanothi wokuletha bona iveze ubungako bomsebenzi ngokulungileko.
Vumelanani ngefomethi yinye yombiko weendleko. Sebenzisa isakhiwo esifanako qobe nyanga, bona amaphethini abonakale lula.
Gcina umthombo munye weqiniso. Amabhajethi, amaguquko nama-valuation kufuze kuhlale esistimini yinye, ingasi kuma-spreadsheet amahlanu.

Amathimba amanengi we-QS nje asebenzisa isoftware ukugcina i-BOQ, amaguquko, ama-valuation neendleko zokuqedela erekhodini linye. Amathulusi weSewula Afrika afana ne-Wakha asekela iinsitifikedi zokubhadelwa ze-JBCC, i-NEC ne-GCC nebhajethi kuqhathaniswa neendleko zamambala ngamaRandi. Isoftware isekela i-QS. Ayithathi isikhundla sokwahlulela kwayo. Ngemininingwana yamathulusi, qala umhlahlandlela wethu wesoftware ye-quantity surveying eSewula Afrika.

Isiphetho

I-quantity surveyor igcina imali yephrojekthi ithembekile, kusukela ekulinganiseni kokukghoneka kokuthoma, kuyo yoke i-valuation yanyanga zoke netjhuguluko, kuye ku-final account. Kumaphrojekthi weSewula Afrika, aneenkontraka ze-JBCC, i-NEC ne-GCC, imithetho ye-CIDB ne-NHBRC nama-margin abatjhileko wabaxhasi, umsebenzi lo uvikela i-margin oyihlelileko. Imibuzo i-QS eyiphendulako ayikaze itjhuguluke: lokhu kubize malini, kusele malini, begodu sisese ehlelweni na?

Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa

Yini i-quantity surveyor?

I-quantity surveyor yingcweti yokwakha elawula iindleko zephrojekthi kusukela ekuthomeni kuye ekupheleni. Ilinganisa iindleko, ilungiselele i-bill of quantities, iveze ubungako bomsebenzi bokubhadelwa, ifake intengo emagugukweni begodu ivumelane nge-final account. ESewula Afrika, ama-quantity surveyor wobungcweti abhalisa ku-SACQSP.

I-quantity surveyor iyafana na ne-estimator?

Awa, kodwana imisebenzi iyangena kwenye. I-estimator ifaka intengo emsebenzini bona izuze i-tender. I-quantity surveyor nayo yenza lokho, bese ithwala iindleko kiyo yoke indlela yokwakha: ukulinganisa, amaguquko, ama-valuation ne-final account. I-QS ngayinye ingalinganisa. Ingasi yoke i-estimator eyenza umsebenzi opheleleko we-QS.

Ngiyayidinga na i-quantity surveyor yephrojekthi encani?

Nangabe uboleka imali ngephrojekthi, unamaguquko avamileko namkha udinga ama-valuation wanyanga zoke aqinisekisiweko, ipendulo kanengi ithi iye. Okuqunta lokho kubudisi bemali, ingasi ubukhulu befloro. Ngitjho nendlu yinye enokubhadelwa kwanyanga zoke namaguquko ingalahlekelwa yi-margin ngaphandle kokulawula iindleko okufaneleko.

I-QS ineemfundo ezifunekako ezinjani eSewula Afrika?

Ama-quantity surveyor amanengi weSewula Afrika ane-degree evunyiweko ye-quantity surveying. Bona asebenze njengeengcweti, abhalisa ku-South African Council for the Quantity Surveying Profession (SACQSP). Amanengi angamalunga we-ASAQS.

Uyini umehluko hlangana ne-QS yekontraka ne-QS yekhasimende?

I-QS yekontraka isebenzela ukubuyisa iindleko zekontraka nokubhadelwa. I-QS yobungcweti yekhasimende (PQS) inikela iselulekelo esizimeleko begodu iphakamise ubungako obulungileko bekhasimende. Kumaphrojekthi amanengi zombili ziyangena, begodu ukungezwani hlangana nazo kugcina i-valuation ithembekile.

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