Yini Eyenziwa I-Quantity Surveyor? Umhlahlandlela We-SA

Ephrojekthini yokwakha, i-quantity surveyor ngumuntu ogcina imali ithembekile. Umakhi-mklami uklama isakhiwo. Unjiniyela uqinisekisa ukuthi siyema. Usonkontileka uyasakha. I-quantity surveyor (QS) iyasilinganisa, isibeke intengo futhi ilawule izindleko zaso, kusukela ekulinganiseleni kokuqala kuya ku-akhawunti yokugcina. Uma le ndima yenziwa kahle, ugcina inzuzo yakho. Uma ishiywe enhlanhleni, ukweqa kwezindleko kufika njengento eshaqisayo.

Lo mhlahlandlela uchaza lokho okwenziwa i-quantity surveyor nsuku zonke, lapho ihlala khona ephrojekthini, indlela ukulinganiswa kwenani kwanyanga zonke okusebenza ngayo, indlela le ndima ehluke ngayo kumlinganiseli wentengo noma kumakhi-mklami, nendlela yokwazi uma uyidinga. Ubhalelwe abathuthukisi, osonkontileka namakhasimende ahlala ezwa ukuthi “buza i-QS” futhi afuna ukwazi ukuthi lokho kusho ukuthini.

Lokho Okwenziwa I-Quantity Surveyor

I-quantity surveyor iqhuba uhlangothi lwezindleko nolwezentengiselwano lwephrojekthi impilo yayo yonke. Empeleni, umsebenzi uba yimisebenzi ephindaphindwayo kuyo yonke iphrojekthi:

Ukulinganisela nokwenzeka. Nikeza inani lakusenesikhathi nelingavikeleka lezindleko zephrojekthi, ngaphambi kokuthi noma ubani azibophezele.
Amabhili e-quantities (BOQ). Linganisa umsebenzi kusukela emidwebeni bese uwuguqula ube yibhili elinemininingwane osonkontileka abalibeka intengo ethenda.
Ukuthenga nezinkontileka. Eluleka ngefomu lenkontileka, uqhathanise amathenda futhi ubeke intengo ezingozini.
Ukulinganisa nokulinganiswa kwenani. Linganisa umsebenzi owenziwe esayithini bese uwunika inani lenkokhelo yanyanga zonke.
Ama-variation nezimangalo. Beka intengo ezinguqukweni futhi uhlole izimangalo, ukuze isimo sezentengiselwano sihlale silungile.
Ukulawula izindleko nemibiko. Landelela izindleko ezizibophezele nezangempela kumelene nesabelomali, futhi ubikezele izindleko zokugcina.
I-akhawunti yokugcina. Vumelana ngenani lokugcina lenkontileka uma umsebenzi usuqediwe.

Ngamazwi alula, i-QS ngumuntu umqondisi amshayelayo ebuza, “Ingabe sisazoyenza inzuzo yethu?”

Lapho I-QS Ihlala Khona: Usonkontileka, Umeluleki Noma Umthuthukisi

Igama elilodwa lomsebenzi lihlanganisa izihlalo ezintathu ezahlukene, ngakho kubalulekile ukuthi ukhuluma ngasiphi. Babelana ngamakhono afanayo kodwa basebenzela abantu abahlukene.

Isihlalo	Abasebenzela bani	Abagxile kukho
I-QS kasonkontileka	Usonkontileka wokwakha	Ukukhokhelwa: ukubeka intengo emathendeni, ukulinganisa umsebenzi, ukuhambisa izicelo zenkokhelo ezinobufakazi obuqinile
I-QS yobungcweti (PQS)	Ikhasimende noma umthuthukisi	Iseluleko esizimele ngezindleko: ukwenzeka, i-BOQ, ukulinganiswa kwenani okulungile, ukuphathwa kwenkontileka, imibiko kumxhasi wemali
I-QS yangaphakathi yomthuthukisi	Ibhizinisi lokuthuthukisa	Isimo semali: izindleko zokuqedela ngeyuniti ngayinye, isabelomali kumelene nezindleko zangempela, ukwenzeka kuwo wonke amaphrojekthi

Iningi lamaphrojekthi linama-QS amabili abhekene nyanga zonke. I-QS kasonkontileka ibonisa okwakhiwe. I-PQS yekhasimende iyakuhlola futhi income lokho okufanele kukhokhwe. Lolo shuba luyasiza. Lugcina izibalo zilungile ezinhlangothini zombili.

I-QS Kuyo Yonke Iphrojekthi

Indlela elula yokuqonda le ndima ukulandela imali kusukela embonweni kuya ekunikezelweni. I-QS inomsebenzi esigabeni ngasinye:

Ukwenzeka. Ngaphambi kokuthi kuthengwe umhlaba, i-QS inikeza isilinganiso sakusenesikhathi sezindleko ukuze umthuthukisi ahlole ukuthi izibalo ziyasebenza yini.
Ukuklama ne-BOQ. Njengoba imidwebo ikhula, i-QS ilinganisa umsebenzi futhi ibhale ibhili le-quantities.
Ithenda nokunikezwa kwenkontileka. I-QS iqhathanisa amathenda ngendlela efanayo futhi yeluleke ngefomu lenkontileka, njenge-JBCC, NEC noma GCC.
Ukwakha. Nyanga zonke, i-QS ilinganisa umsebenzi oqediwe, ibeke intengo kuma-variation futhi ilungiselele ukulinganiswa kwenani lenkokhelo. Inkontileka inquma ukuthi ingakanani imali egciniwe.
Ukulawula izindleko. Sonke isikhathi sokwakha, i-QS ilandelela izindleko kumelene nesabelomali futhi ibikezele izindleko zokuqedela. Ukweqa kuvela njengesixwayiso sakusenesikhathi, hhayi njengokushaqeka ekugcineni. Umhlahlandlela wethu wokuvimbela ukweqa kwezindleko zokwakha uchaza izimbangela ezivamile.
I-akhawunti yokugcina. Uma umsebenzi usuqediwe, i-QS ivumelana nolunye uhlangothi ngenani lokugcina lenkontileka.

Isivivinyo esisheshayo. Uma ungakwazi ukuphendula ukuthi “Lokhu kubize malini kuze kube manje, yini esele ukuyisebenzisa, futhi ingabe sisesenzuzweni?” kunoma yiliphi isonto, unesikhala esigcwaliswa i-quantity surveyor.

Indlela Ukulinganiswa Kwenani Kwanyanga Zonke Okusebenza Ngayo

Ukulinganiswa kwenani kwanyanga zonke yilapho i-QS iguqula inqubekelaphambili yesayithi ibe yinani lenkokhelo. Nasi isibonelo esilula sephrojekthi yezindlu enemali egciniwe engu-10% ne-VAT engu-15%:

Umugqa	Inani
Umsebenzi oqediwe kuze kube manje (olinganiswe esayithini)	R4,200,000
Izinto zokwakha esayithini	R150,000
Inani eliphelele kuze kube manje	R4,350,000
Susa imali egciniwe (10%)	R435,000
Inani elisele kuze kube manje	R3,915,000
Susa amanani aqinisekiswe ngaphambili	R2,970,000
Inani elifanele kule nyanga (ngaphandle kwe-VAT)	R945,000
I-VAT engu-15%	R141,750
Isamba esifanele kule nyanga	R1,086,750

Umugqa ngamunye udinga ubufakazi. I-QS igcina izilinganiso, izithombe zesayithi, ama-variation agunyaziwe namanothi okulethwa ngemuva kwezibalo. Ngaphandle kwalobo bufakazi, olunye uhlangothi luzosinciphisa isicelo. Iphesenti lemali egciniwe nezinsuku zokukhishwa kuvela enkontilekeni, ngakho njalo hlola idatha yenkontileka esikhundleni sokucabanga inani. Umhlahlandlela wethu wamasitifiketi okukhokha inqubekelaphambili eNingizimu Afrika uchaza wonke umjikelezo wesitifiketi.

I-QS, Umlinganiseli Wentengo Noma Umakhi-mklami: Ubani Owenza Ini

Lezi zindima ezintathu zivame ukudidaniswa, ngakho nansi inguqulo elula. Umlinganiseli wentengo ubeka intengo emsebenzini, ngokuvamile kasonkontileka, ukuze anqobe ithenda. I-quantity surveyor nayo iyakwenza lokho. Bese i-QS ithwala izindleko kukho konke ukwakha: ukulinganisa, ama-variation, ukulinganiswa kwenani ne-akhawunti yokugcina. Umakhi-mklami uklama isakhiwo. Emaphrojekthini amaningi e-JBCC, umakhi-mklami uphinde asebenze njenge-principal agent ephatha inkontileka. I-principal agent ingaba yi-QS noma umphathi wephrojekthi.

Indima	Umsebenzi omkhulu	Lapho besebenza kakhulu
Umlinganiseli wentengo	Ukubeka intengo emsebenzini ukuze kunqotshwe ithenda	Ngaphambi kokuthi inkontileka isayinwe
I-quantity surveyor	Ukulawula izindleko kusukela ekulinganiseleni kuya ku-akhawunti yokugcina	Kusukela ekwenzekeni kuya ku-akhawunti yokugcina
Umakhi-mklami	Ukuklama isakhiwo futhi ngokuvamile ukuphatha inkontileka	Kusukela embonweni kuya ekuqedweni

Umakhi-mklami ungumnikazi wokuklama. Umlinganiseli wentengo ungumnikazi wentengo yethenda. I-QS ingumnikazi wemali kusukela ekuqaleni kuya ekugcineni.

Isimo SaseNingizimu Afrika

I-quantity surveying eNingizimu Afrika ilandela izinkontileka, amazinga nemithetho yasendaweni. I-quantity surveyor enhle yase-SA iyazi:

Amafomu enkontileka. I-JBCC ivamile emsebenzini wokwakha. I-NEC ne-GCC zivamile emsebenzini kakhonkolo nengqalasizinda. Ngayinye inemithetho yayo yokulinganiswa kwenani, imali egciniwe nama-variation. Umhlahlandlela wethu oqhathanisa izinkontileka ze-JBCC, NEC ne-GCC uchaza umehluko.
Amazinga okulinganisa. Amabhili okwakha ngokuvamile alungiswa ngokwe-ASAQS Standard System of Measuring Building Work, ukuze inani lisho into efanayo kuwo wonke umuntu ofaka ithenda.
Inhlangano yobungcweti. I-Quantity Surveying Profession Act 49 ka-2000 yasungula i-South African Council for the Quantity Surveying Profession (SACQSP), ebhalisa ama-quantity surveyor. I-Association of South African Quantity Surveyors (ASAQS) yinhlangano yobungcweti yokuzithandela.
Imithetho ebanzi. Ukuhlelwa kwe-CIDB kusebenza emsebenzini womkhakha kahulumeni. Imithetho ye-NHBRC isebenza ezindlini ezintsha. I-VAT nemali egciniwe nakho kuthinta izibalo ezilawulwa i-QS.

Yingakho uchwepheshe wezindleko oqeqeshwe kwenye indawo edinga isikhathi sokufunda izinkontileka namazinga asendaweni ngaphambi kokuthatha iphrojekthi yaseNingizimu Afrika.

Indlela Yokwazi Ukuthi Uyayidinga

Okunquma ukuthi uyayidinga i-QS akuyona ubukhulu bephrojekthi. Yinani lezinto ezihambayo emalini yakho. Cishe ngokuqinisekile uyayidinga uma:

Uboleka kumelene nephrojekthi, futhi umxhasi wemali ufuna ukusayina okuzimele kwezindleko ngaphambi kokuthi akhiphe imali.
Izinguquko zekhasimende noma zokuklama zivamile, futhi awuqiniseki ukuthi zonke zibekwe intengo, zigunyaziwe futhi zibuyisiwe.
Uqhuba iphrojekthi engaphezu kweyodwa futhi awukwazi ukuqhathanisa izindleko kuzo ngendlela efanayo.
Amanani aqinisekisiwe ahlala ewela ngaphansi kwesilinganiso sakho, futhi awukwazi ukusho ukuthi kungani.

Emsebenzini omncane wangasese onentengo emisiwe nezinguquko ezimbalwa, usonkontileka angaphatha izindleko ngaphandle kwe-QS esebenza isikhathi esigcwele. Noma kunjalo, abaningi basebenzisa i-QS ku-BOQ naku-akhawunti yokugcina.

Ukusebenza Kahle Ne-Quantity Surveyor Yakho

I-QS inhle kuphela njengolwazi eyitholayo. Abathuthukisi nosonkontileka bangenza le ndima isebenze kangcono kakhulu ngemikhuba embalwa:

Letha i-QS kusenesikhathi. Iseluleko sezindleko esigabeni sokwenzeka songa imali eningi kunokulawula izindleko ngesikhathi sokwakha.
Gunyaza izinguquko ngokubhaliwe. I-variation engenawo umyalelo obhaliwe kunzima ukuyibeka intengo futhi kunzima nakakhulu ukuyibuyisa.
Yabelana ngamarekhodi esayithi masonto onke. I-QS idinga idayari, izithombe zenqubekelaphambili namanothi okulethwa ukuze inike umsebenzi inani elilungile.
Vumelanani ngefomethi eyodwa yombiko wezindleko. Sebenzisa isakhiwo esifanayo nyanga zonke, ukuze izimo zibonakale kalula.
Gcina umthombo owodwa weqiniso. Izabelomali, ama-variation nokulinganiswa kwenani kufanele kuhlale ohlelweni olulodwa, hhayi kumaspredishithi amahlanu.

Amaqembu amaningi e-QS manje asebenzisa isoftware ukugcina i-BOQ, ama-variation, ukulinganiswa kwenani nezindleko zokuqedela erekhodini elilodwa. Amathuluzi aseNingizimu Afrika afana ne-Wakha asekela amasitifiketi enkokhelo e-JBCC, NEC ne-GCC nesabelomali kumelene nezindleko zangempela ngamaRandi. Isoftware isekela i-QS. Ayithathi isikhundla sokwahlulela kwayo. Ngemininingwane yamathuluzi, bheka umhlahlandlela wethu wesoftware ye-quantity surveying eNingizimu Afrika.

Isiphetho

I-quantity surveyor igcina imali yephrojekthi ithembekile, kusukela esilinganisweni sokuqala sokwenzeka, kukho konke ukulinganiswa kwenani kwanyanga zonke nezinguquko, kuya ku-akhawunti yokugcina. Emaphrojekthini aseNingizimu Afrika, anezinkontileka ze-JBCC, NEC ne-GCC, imithetho ye-CIDB ne-NHBRC nemingcele yenzuzo emincane yabaxhasi bemali, le ndima ivikela inzuzo oyihlelile. Imibuzo ephendulwa i-QS ayishintshi: lokhu kubize malini, kusele ini, futhi ingabe sisesohlelweni?

Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa

Iyini i-quantity surveyor?

I-quantity surveyor ingcweti yokwakha ephatha izindleko zephrojekthi kusukela ekuqaleni kuya ekugcineni. Ilinganisela izindleko, ilungiselela ibhili le-quantities, inika umsebenzi inani lenkokhelo, ibeka intengo ezinguqukweni futhi ivumelane nge-akhawunti yokugcina. ENingizimu Afrika, ama-quantity surveyor angongcweti abhalisa ku-SACQSP.

Ingabe i-quantity surveyor iyafana nomlinganiseli wentengo?

Cha, kodwa izindima ziyangena kwezinye. Umlinganiseli wentengo ubeka intengo emsebenzini ukuze anqobe ithenda. I-quantity surveyor nayo iyakwenza lokho, bese ithwala izindleko kukho konke ukwakha: ukulinganisa, ama-variation, ukulinganiswa kwenani ne-akhawunti yokugcina. Yonke i-QS ingalinganisela. Akubona bonke abalinganiseli bentengo abenza umsebenzi ophelele we-QS.

Ingabe ngiyayidinga i-quantity surveyor ephrojekthini encane?

Uma uboleka kumelene nephrojekthi, unezinguquko ezivamile noma udinga ukulinganiswa kwenani kwanyanga zonke okuqinisekisiwe, impendulo ngokuvamile ithi yebo. Okunqumayo ubunzima bemali, hhayi ubukhulu bendawo. Ngisho nendlu eyodwa enezinkokhelo zanyanga zonke nezinguquko ingalahlekelwa yinzuzo ngaphandle kokulawula izindleko kahle.

Yiziphi iziqu i-QS enazo eNingizimu Afrika?

Iningi lama-quantity surveyor aseNingizimu Afrika linedigri egunyaziwe ku-quantity surveying. Ukuze basebenze njengongcweti, babhalisa ku-South African Council for the Quantity Surveying Profession (SACQSP). Abaningi futhi bangamalungu e-ASAQS.

Uyini umehluko phakathi kwe-QS kasonkontileka ne-QS yekhasimende?

I-QS kasonkontileka isebenzela ukubuyisa izindleko zikasonkontileka nokukhokhelwa. I-QS yobungcweti yekhasimende (PQS) inikeza iseluleko esizimele futhi income inani elilungile kukhasimende. Emaphrojekthini amaningi zombili ziyabandakanyeka, futhi ushuba phakathi kwazo lugcina ukulinganiswa kwenani kuthembekile.

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