Yini Lentiwa Yi-Quantity Surveyor? Umhlahlandlela WaseNingizimu Afrika

Ephrojekthini yekwakha, i-quantity surveyor ngumuntfu logcina imali iteke. I-architect idizayina sakhiwo. Unjiniyela uciniseka kutsi siyema. Lokontraka uyasakha. I-quantity surveyor (QS) iyasilinganisa, isibekela linani futsi ilawule tindleko taso, kusukela ekulinganiseni kwekucala kuya ku-final account. Nangabe lomsebenti wentiwa kahle, ugcina inzuzo yakho. Nangabe ushiywe ngetfuba, kweca kwetindleko kufika njengesimanga.

Lomhlahlandlela uchaza loko i-quantity surveyor lekwentako onkhe malanga, kutsi ihlala kuphi ephrojekthini, kutsi i-valuation yenyanga isebenta njani, kutsi lomsebenti wehluka njani kweyemlinganisi wemanani (estimator) nobe we-architect, nekutsi ungati njani kutsi uyayidzinga. Ubhalelwe batfutfukisi, bokontraka nemakhasimende lahlala eva kutsi “buta i-QS” futsi afuna kwati kutsi loko kusho kutsini.

Loko I-Quantity Surveyor Lekwentako

I-quantity surveyor iphatsa incenye yetindleko neyebhizinisi yephrojekthi kuyo yonkhe imphilo yayo. Ekwenteni, umsebenti wehlela emisebentini lephindvwako kuyo yonkhe iphrojekthi:

Kulinganisa nekwenteka (feasibility). Nika inombolo yasekucaleni lengavikeleka yaloko iphrojekthi letawukubita, ngaphambi kwekutsi kube nalotibophako.
Bill of quantities (BOQ). Linganisa umsebenti kusuka kumadrowing bese uwuphendula ube yi-bill lenetintfo ngalinye bokontraka labayibekela linani le-thenda.
Kutsenga netivumelwano. Eluleka ngelifomu lesivumelwano, catsanisa ema-thenda futsi ubekele tingoti linani.
Kulinganisa ne-valuation. Linganisa umsebenti lowentiwe esitandini bese uwunika linani lenkhokhelo yenyanga.
Kushintja netimangalo. Bekela kushintja linani futsi uhlole timangalo, kuze simo sebhizinisi sihlale silungile.
Kulawula tindleko nekubika. Landzelela tindleko letibophetelwe netangempela kucatsaniswa nesabelomali, bese ubikezela tindleko tekugcina.
Final account. Vumelana ngelinani lekugcina lesivumelwano nangabe umsebenti uphelile.

Kalula nje, i-QS ngumuntfu umcondzisi lamshayelako abute, “Sisatayitfola yini inzuzo yetfu?”

Lapho I-QS Ihlala Khona: Kontraka, Umeluleki nobe Umtfutfukisi

Libito linye lemsebenti lifaka tihlalo letintsatfu letehlukene, ngako kubalulekile kutsi usho siphi. Banemakhono lafanako kodvwa basebentela bantfu labehlukene.

Sihlalo	Basebentela bani	Loko labagxila kuko
I-QS yekontraka	Kontraka wekwakha	Kukhokhelwa: kubekela ema-thenda linani, kulinganisa umsebenti, kutfumela ticelo tenkhokhelo nebufakazi lobucinile
I-QS yelichwepheshe (PQS)	Likhasimende nobe umtfutfukisi	Seluleko setindleko lesitimele: i-feasibility, i-BOQ, ema-valuation lalungile, kuphatsa sivumelwano, kubika kumtsetfi wetimali
I-QS yangekhatsi yemtfutfukisi	Libhizinisi lekutfutfukisa	Simo semali: tindleko kuze kuphele ngendlu ngayinye, sabelomali kucatsaniswa nalokwangempela, i-feasibility kuto tonkhe tiphrojekthi

Tiphrojekthi letinyenti tine-QS letimbili letibhekene nyanga nenyanga. I-QS yekontraka ikhombisa loko lokwakhiwe. I-PQS yelikhasimende iyakuhlola bese iphakamisa loko lokufanele kukhokhwe. Leyo ngcindzetelo inemsebenti. Igcina tinombolo tilungile nhlangotsi tombili.

I-QS Kuyo Yonkhe Iphrojekthi

Indlela lelula yekuwuvisisa lomsebenti kulandzela imali kusukela embonweni kuya ku-handover. I-QS inemsebenti kuso sonkhe sigaba:

I-feasibility. Ngaphambi kwekutsi kutsengwe umhlaba, i-QS inika kulinganisa kwasekucaleni kwetindleko kuze umtfutfukisi ahlole kutsi tinombolo tiyasebenta yini.
Dizayini ne-BOQ. Njengoba emadrowing akhula, i-QS ilinganisa umsebenti bese ibhala i-bill of quantities.
I-thenda nekunikwa. I-QS icatsanisa ema-thenda ngendlela lefanako futsi yeluleke ngelifomu lesivumelwano, njenge-JBCC, i-NEC nobe i-GCC.
Kwakha. Inyanga nenyanga, i-QS ilinganisa umsebenti lophelile, ibekela kushintja linani futsi ilungise i-valuation yenkhokhelo. Sivumelwano sinquma kutsi ingakanani i-retention lebanjwako.
Kulawula tindleko. Ngesikhatsi sonkhe sekwakha, i-QS ilandzelela tindleko kucatsaniswa nesabelomali futsi ibikezele tindleko kuze kuphele. Kweca kwetindleko kuvela njengesecwayiso sekusheshisa, hhayi njengesimanga ekugcineni. Umhlahlandlela wetfu wekuvimbela kweca kwetindleko tekwakha uchaza tizatfu letivamile.
Final account. Nangabe umsebenti uphelile, i-QS ivumelana nalolomunye luhlangotsi ngelinani lekugcina lesivumelwano.

Luvivinyo lolusheshako. Nangabe ungakwati kuphendvula kutsi “Loku sekubite malini kuze kube manje, kusele malini lekufanele isetjentiswe, futsi sisesenzuzweni yini?” nganobe nguliphi liviki, unesikhala lesigcwaliswa yi-quantity surveyor.

Indlela I-Valuation Yenyanga Lesebenta Ngayo

I-valuation yenyanga kulapho i-QS iphendula inchubeko yesitandi ibe linani lenkhokhelo. Nasi sibonelo lesilula seliphrojekthi letindlu ne-retention ye-10% ne-VAT ye-15%:

Lulayini	Linani
Umsebenti lophelile kuze kube manje (ulinganiswe esitandini)	R4,200,000
Timphahla letisesitandini	R150,000
Linani lonkhe kuze kube manje	R4,350,000
Susa i-retention (10%)	R435,000
Linani lelisele kuze kube manje	R3,915,000
Susa emanani lebewaciniswe ngaphambili	R2,970,000
Linani lelikhokhwako kulenyanga (ngaphandle kwe-VAT)	R945,000
I-VAT ye-15%	R141,750
Konkhe lokukhokhwako kulenyanga	R1,086,750

Lulayini ngamunye udzinga bufakazi. I-QS igcina kulinganisa, titfombe tesitandi, kushintja lokuvunyiwe nemanothi ekulethwa ngemuva kwetinombolo. Ngaphandle kwalobo bufakazi, lolunye luhlangotsi lutawusinciphisa sicelo. Liphesenti le-retention nemalanga ekuyikhulula kuvela esivumelwaneni, ngako hlala uhlola imininingwane yesivumelwano esikhundleni sekucagela inombolo. Umhlahlandlela wetfu wetitifiketi tenkhokhelo yenchubeko eNingizimu Afrika uchaza umjikelezo wonkhe wesitifiketi.

I-QS, I-Estimator nobe I-Architect: Ngubani Lowenta Ini

Lemisebenti lemitsatfu ivame kudidaniswa, ngako nayi incazelo lelula. I-estimator ibekela umsebenti linani, kuvamile kontraka, kuze kuwinwe i-thenda. I-quantity surveyor nayo yenta loko. Bese i-QS ichubeka netindleko kuko konkhe kwakha: kulinganisa, kushintja, ema-valuation ne-final account. I-architect idizayina sakhiwo. Etiphrojekthini letinyenti te-JBCC, i-architect iphindze ibe yi-principal agent lephatsa sivumelwano. I-principal agent ingaba yi-QS nobe umphatsi wephrojekthi.

Umsebenti	Umsebenti lomkhulu	Nini basebenta kakhulu
I-estimator	Kubekela umsebenti linani kuze kuwinwe i-thenda	Ngaphambi kwekutsi sivumelwano sisayinwe
I-quantity surveyor	Kulawula tindleko kusukela ekulinganiseni kuya ku-final account	Kusukela ku-feasibility kuya ku-final account
I-architect	Kudizayina sakhiwo nekuvame kuphatsa sivumelwano	Kusukela embonweni kuya ekuphelelweni

I-architect ngumnikati wedizayini. I-estimator ngumnikati welinani le-thenda. I-QS ngumnikati wemali kusukela ekucaleni kuya ekugcineni.

Simo SaseNingizimu Afrika

I-quantity surveying eNingizimu Afrika ilandzela tivumelwano, emazinga nemitsetfo yalapha. I-QS lenhle yaseNingizimu Afrika iyati:

Emafomu etivumelwano. I-JBCC ivamile emsebentini wekwakha tindlu netakhiwo. I-NEC ne-GCC tivamile emsebentini we-civil nengcalasisekelo. Ngayinye inemitsetfo yayo yema-valuation, i-retention nekushintja. Umhlahlandlela wetfu locatsanisa tivumelwano te-JBCC, NEC ne-GCC uveta umehluko.
Emazinga ekulinganisa. Ema-bill etakhiwo avame kulungiswa ngekwe-ASAQS Standard System of Measuring Building Work, kuze bunyenti busho intfo yinye kubo bonkhe labafaka i-thenda.
Inhlangano yemchwepheshe. I-Quantity Surveying Profession Act 49 ya-2000 yasungula i-South African Council for the Quantity Surveying Profession (SACQSP), lebhalisa ema-quantity surveyor. I-Association of South African Quantity Surveyors (ASAQS) yinhlangano yemchwepheshe yekutinikela.
Leminye imitsetfo. Kukalwa kwe-CIDB kusebenta emsebentini wahulumende. Imitsetfo ye-NHBRC isebenta etindlwini letinsha. I-VAT ne-retention nato tiyatitsintsa tinombolo i-QS letilawulako.

Ngiko lichwepheshe letindleko lelicecesheke kulenye indzawo lidzinga sikhatsi sekufundza tivumelwano nemazinga alapha ngaphambi kwekutsi litsatse iphrojekthi yaseNingizimu Afrika.

Indlela Yekwati Kutsi Uyayidzinga

Lokunquma kutsi uyayidzinga yini i-QS akusiko bukhulu bephrojekthi. Kutsi imali yakho inetincenye letingakhi letinyakatako. Cishe uyayidzinga nakanjani nangabe:

Uboleka ngephrojekthi, futsi umtsetfi wetimali ufuna kusayinwa kwetindleko lokutimele ngaphambi kwekutsi akhulule imali.
Kushintja kwelikhasimende nobe kwedizayini kuvamile, futsi awuciniseki kutsi konkhe kubekwe linani, kuvunywe futsi kubuyiswe.
Uphatsa tiphrojekthi letingetulu kweyinye futsi awukwati kucatsanisa tindleko tato ngendlela yinye.
Emanani lacinisiwe ahlala angaphansi kwekulinganisa kwakho, futsi awukwati kusho kutsi kungani.

Emsebentini lomncane wangasese lonelinani lelingashintji nekushintja lokumbalwa, kontraka angaphatsa tindleko ngaphandle kwe-QS yesikhatsi lesigcwele. Ngisho nalapho, labanyenti basebentisa i-QS ku-BOQ naku-final account.

Kusebenta Kahle Ne-Quantity Surveyor Yakho

I-QS incono njengemininingwane leyitfolako. Batfutfukisi nebokontraka bangenta lomsebenti usebente kahle kakhulu ngemikhuba lembalwa:

Letsa i-QS ngekushesha. Seluleko setindleko ku-feasibility songa imali lenyenti kunekulawula tindleko ngesikhatsi sekwakha.
Vuma kushintja ngekubhala. Kushintja lokungenamyalo lobhaliwe kumatima kubekela linani futsi kumatima nakakhulu kubuyisa.
Yabelana ngemirekhodi yesitandi onkhe emaviki. I-QS idzinga idayari, titfombe tenchubeko nemanothi ekulethwa kuze ilinganise umsebenti ngebulungiswa.
Vumelanani ngesimo sinye sembiko wetindleko. Sebentisa luhlelo lolufanako onkhe tinyanga, kuze kubonakale kalula kutsi tintfo tiya kuphi.
Gcina umtfombo munye weliciniso. Tabelomali, kushintja nema-valuation kufanele kuhlale enchubweni yinye, hhayi kuma-spreadsheet lasihlanu.

Emacembu lamanyenti e-QS lamuhla asebentisa i-software kuze agcine i-BOQ, kushintja, ema-valuation netindleko kuze kuphele emrekhodini munye. Emathulusi aseNingizimu Afrika njenge-Wakha asekela titifiketi tenkhokhelo te-JBCC, NEC ne-GCC nesabelomali kucatsaniswa nalokwangempela nge-Rand. I-software isita i-QS. Ayiyitsatsi indzawo yekwahlulela kwayo. Ngemininingwane yemathulusi, buka umhlahlandlela wetfu we-software ye-quantity surveying eNingizimu Afrika.

Umphetfo

I-quantity surveyor igcina imali yephrojekthi iteke, kusukela ekulinganiseni kwekucala kwe-feasibility, kuye ku-valuation ngayinye yenyanga nekushintja, kuze kube yi-final account. Etiphrojekthini taseNingizimu Afrika, netivumelwano te-JBCC, NEC ne-GCC, imitsetfo ye-CIDB ne-NHBRC nenzuzo lencane yebatsetfi betimali, lomsebenti uvikela inzuzo lobewuyihlelile. Imibuto i-QS leyiphendvulako ayishintji: loku kubite malini, kusele malini, futsi sisahamba ngeluhlelo yini?

Imibuto Lehlala Ibutwa

Yini i-quantity surveyor?

I-quantity surveyor lichwepheshe lekwakha lelilawula tindleko tephrojekthi kusukela ekucaleni kuya ekugcineni. Ilinganisa tindleko, ilungisa i-bill of quantities, inika umsebenti linani lenkhokhelo, ibekela kushintja linani futsi ivumelane nge-final account. ENingizimu Afrika, ema-quantity surveyor lachwepheshile abhalisa ku-SACQSP.

I-quantity surveyor iyafana yini ne-estimator?

Cha, kodvwa lemisebenti iyangena kulenye. I-estimator ibekela umsebenti linani kuze kuwinwe i-thenda. I-quantity surveyor nayo yenta loko, bese ichubeka netindleko kuko konkhe kwakha: kulinganisa, kushintja, ema-valuation ne-final account. Yonkhe i-QS iyakwati kulinganisa emanani. Akusiyo yonkhe i-estimator leyenta umsebenti wonkhe we-QS.

Ngiyayidzinga yini i-quantity surveyor ephrojekthini lencane?

Nangabe uboleka ngephrojekthi, unekushintja lokunyenti nobe udzinga ema-valuation enyanga lacinisiwe, imphendvulo ivame kuba ngu-yebo. Lokunquma kutsi imali imatima kangakanani, hhayi bukhulu baphansi. Ngisho nendlu yinye lenetinkhokhelo tenyanga nekushintja ingalahlekelwa yinzuzo ngaphandle kwekulawula tindleko lokufanele.

Ngutiphi tifundvo i-QS letinato eNingizimu Afrika?

Ema-quantity surveyor lamanyenti aseNingizimu Afrika anetiqu letemukelekile te-quantity surveying. Kuze asebente njengalachwepheshile, abhalisa ku-South African Council for the Quantity Surveying Profession (SACQSP). Lamanyenti aphindze abe ngemalunga e-ASAQS.

Yini umehluko emkhatsini we-QS yekontraka ne-QS yelikhasimende?

I-QS yekontraka isebentela kubuyisa tindleko tekontraka nekukhokhelwa. I-QS yelichwepheshe yelikhasimende (PQS) inika seluleko lesitimele futsi iphakamise linani lelilungile kulikhasimende. Etiphrojekthini letinyenti tombili tikhona, futsi ingcindzetelo emkhatsini wato igcina i-valuation iteke.

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