Tinhlobo leti-4 Tetinkontileka Tekwakha eNingizimu Afrika

Lifomu lenkontileka lincuma kutsi ukhokhelwa njani, kutsi ngubani lotfwala ngiyiphi ingoti nekutsi kuphikisana kuphela njani, kudzala ngaphambi kwekutsi kubekwe sitini sekucala.

Lesikhombisi sichaza tinhlobo letine letinkhulu tetinkontileka tekwakha letisetjentiswa eNingizimu Afrika: i-JBCC, i-NEC, i-GCC ne-FIDIC. Sihlanganisa kutsi ngubani lowasebentisa ngamunye, kutsi inkhokhelo netinguculo temsebenti kusebenta njani, tindlela tekubeka intsengo, ema-subcontract nekutsi ukhetsa njani lifomu lelifanele iphrojekthi yakho.

Tiyini tinhlobo letinkhulu tetinkontileka tekwakha eNingizimu Afrika?

INingizimu Afrika isebentisa emasethi lamane lamakhulu etinkontileka tekwakha letijwayelekile: i-JBCC yemsebenti wekwakha, i-NEC ne-GCC yemsebenti we-engineering nengcalasizinda yahulumende, ne-FIDIC yemaphrojekthi laxhaswa ngemali yemave emhlaba. I-cidb Standard for Uniformity in Construction Procurement ibala onkhe lamane njengemafomu emakhasimende ahulumende langawasebentisa. Umsebenti wekwakha wangasese usebenta kakhulu nge-JBCC.

Lisethi lenkontileka	Lishicilelwe ngu	Kusetjentiswa lokujwayelekile eNingizimu Afrika	Umphatsi wenkontileka
JBCC	Joint Building Contracts Committee	Umsebenti wekwakha wangasese: tindlu, ema-estate, emahhovisi, titolo, timboni.	Principal agent
NEC (NEC4)	NEC (ekucaleni yase-UK)	Ingcalasizinda ne-engineering, isetjentiswa tinkampani letinyenti tahulumende nema-metro.	Project Manager
GCC (tinguculo ta-2015 na-2025)	South African Institution of Civil Engineering (SAICE)	Umsebenti we-civil ne-engineering wemakhasimende avelonkhe, etifundza nawabomasipala.	Engineer (lomele umcashi)
FIDIC	International Federation of Consulting Engineers	Emaphrojekthi lanebaxhasi nome bakhontileka bemave emhlaba.	Engineer

Likhasimende livame kukhetsa lifomu futsi libhale libito lalo kumadokhumenti e-tender. Njengemakhontileka, umsebenti wakho kufundza inguculo ne-contract data ngaphambi kwekubeka intsengo. Lokusele kulesikhombisi kutsatsa lisethi ngalinye ngekulandzelana.

Yini inkontileka ye-JBCC?

Inkontileka ye-JBCC yinkontileka yekwakha lejwayelekile leshicilelwe yi-Joint Building Contracts Committee futsi isetjentiselwa umsebenti lomnyenti wekwakha wangasese eNingizimu Afrika. Emafomu lamakhulu yi-Principal Building Agreement (PBA) yemaphrojekthi lamakhulu nome layinkimbinkimbi ne-Minor Works Agreement (MWA) yemisebenti lelula nalefishane. I-principal agent iphatsa inkontileka egameni lemcashi.

Lisethi le-JBCC lihlanganisa:

Principal Building Agreement (PBA): inkontileka lenkhulu yemsebenti wekwakha, lehloselwe emaphrojekthi layinkimbinkimbi latsatsa ngetulu kwetinyanga letisitfupha nakutsatfu nome lanemali yenkontileka lengetulu kwe-R5,000,000. Ihlanganisa tinguculo temsebenti, kwelulwa kwesikhatsi, titifiketi tenkhokhelo, i-practical completion, i-defects liability nekusombulula kuphikisana.
Minor Works Agreement (MWA): inkontileka lelula yemaphrojekthi lalula langendluli etinyangeni letisitfupha nakutsatfu futsi langendluli ku-R5,000,000. Ayinawo ema-subcontractor la-nominated nome la-selected.
Nominated/Selected Subcontract Agreement: yema-subcontractor lakhetfwe ngumcashi nome yi-principal agent futsi lacashwe ngumakhontileka lomkhulu.

Inkhokhelo isebenta njani. Umakhontileka ufaka simangalo inyanga ngayinye. I-principal agent, kuvamise kube nekulinganiswa kwe-quantity surveyor, ikhipha i-interim payment certificate. Ihlanganisa umsebenti lowentiwe, tintfo letisesizeni, tinguculo temsebenti letivunyiwe ne-retention. Sikhatsi senkhokhelo neliphesenti le-retention kubekwe ku-contract data.

Kuphikisana kusebenta njani. Emacembu acala ngekuzama kuvumelana. Uma loko kwehluleka, i-JBCC ihlinzeka nge-adjudication bese kuba yi-arbitration nome inkantolo, kuya nge-contract data.

Kute utfole inchubo yesitifiketi leyiphelele, buka sikhombisi sesitifiketi senkhokhelo se-JBCC. I-quantity surveyor ilungisa kulinganiswa lokungemuva kwesitifiketi ngasinye, ngako indzima yayo ibalulekile kuwo onkhe umsebenti we-JBCC.

Yini inkontileka ye-NEC?

Inkontileka ye-NEC lifomu lelijwayelekile lelakhiwe ngekuphatsa lokusebentako, tecwayiso tekucala nema-compensation event, futsi i-NEC4 yinguculo yanyalo lesetjentiswa eNingizimu Afrika. Lifomu lelikhulu yi-Engineering and Construction Contract (ECC). Isetjentiswa emaphrojekthini lamanyenti engcalasizinda nawe-engineering tinkampani tahulumende nema-metro, futsi ayivamisi kusetjentiswa emsebentini wekwakha wangasese.

I-NEC4 ECC inika tindlela letisitfupha letinkhulu tekubeka intsengo:

Indlela	Sisekelo sentsengo
A	Inkontileka lenentsengo ne-activity schedule
B	Inkontileka lenentsengo ne-bill of quantities
C	Inkontileka ye-target ne-activity schedule
D	Inkontileka ye-target ne-bill of quantities
E	Inkontileka ye-cost reimbursable
F	Inkontileka yekuphatsa (management contract)

Lamanye emafomu e-NEC4 ahlanganisa i-Professional Services Contract ne-Term Service Contract yekunakekela lokuchubekako.

Inkhokhelo isebenta njani. I-Project Manager ilinganisa linani lelifanele kukhokhwa ngelilanga ngalinye lekulinganisa, lelibekwe ku-contract data. Ngaphansi kwe-NEC4, inkhokhelo ifanele kukhokhwa ngekhatsi kwemaviki lamatsatfu kusukela elangeni lekulinganisa ngaphandle uma i-contract data itsi lokunye.

Kushintja kusebenta njani. Kushintja kwentiwa ngema-compensation event. Emacembu omabili kufanele anikane tecwayiso tekucala tetinkinga. Imikhawulo yesikhatsi yetatiso icinile, ngako tatiso letephuzile tingakulahlekisela ngesikhatsi nangemali.

Kuphikisana kusebenta njani. Kuphikisana kuya ku-adjudication nome ku-dispute avoidance board, kuya ngendlela lekhetsiwe, bese kuya ku-tribunal leshiwo ku-contract data.

Kute utfole sikhombisi lesinemininingwane setatiso netimangalo, fundza ema-compensation event e-NEC eNingizimu Afrika.

Yini inkontileka ye-GCC?

I-GCC yi-General Conditions of Contract for Construction Works leshicilelwe yi-SAICE, lesetjentiselwa kakhulu umsebenti we-civil ne-engineering wemakhasimende ahulumende. I-GCC 2015 isavamile etinkontilekeni letisachubeka, futsi i-SAICE yetfula inguculo lensha, i-GCC 2025. I-Engineer iphatsa inkontileka egameni lemcashi futsi inika sitifiketi senkhokhelo.

Inkhokhelo isebenta njani. I-GCC ivame kuba yinkontileka ye-measure-and-value lene-bill of quantities. Umakhontileka utfumela sitatimende senyanga, bese i-Engineer ilinganisa umsebenti futsi inika sitifiketi selinani lelifanele kukhokhwa. Sikhatsi senkhokhelo ne-retention kubekwe emigomeni nase-contract data, ngako hlola inguculo lowayisayina.

Kushintja kusebenta njani. Tinguculo temsebenti tiyalwa yi-Engineer. Timangalo tidzinga saziso lesibhaliwe ngekhatsi kwetikhatsi letibekiwe, futsi i-GCC 2025 yenta imitsetfo yetatiso icine kakhulu.

Kuphikisana kusebenta njani. I-GCC ihlinzeka nge-adjudication, ilandzelwe yi-arbitration nome inkantolo uma licembu lingenelisekanga.

Uma inkontileka yakho isebenta ngenguculo lensha, fundza i-GCC 2015 ngekumelene ne-GCC 2025: lokushintjako enkhokhelweni.

I-FIDIC isetjentiswa nini eNingizimu Afrika?

Tinkontileka te-FIDIC tisetjentiswa eNingizimu Afrika kakhulu emaphrojekthini lanebaxhasi bemave emhlaba, emabhange etekutfutfukisa nome bakhontileka bemave angaphandle. Tishicilelwe yi-International Federation of Consulting Engineers. I-FIDIC ayivamile kakhulu emsebentini wekwakha wendzawo kune-JBCC, kodvwa iyavela emaphrojekthini lamakhulu engcalasizinda nalawela imingcele.

Tincwadzi letinkhulu te-FIDIC nguleti:

Red Book: kwakha lokudvwetjwe ngumcashi.
Yellow Book: imishini ne-design-build.
Silver Book: emaphrojekthi e-EPC ne-turnkey, lapho ingoti lenkhulu iku makhontileka.
Green Book: lifomu lelifishane lemsebenti lolula.

Inkhokhelo isebenta njani. I-Engineer inika titifiketi tetinkhokhelo te-interim ngekwetitatimende temakhontileka. Ngaphansi kwe-Red Book ya-2017, umcashi ukhokha ngekhatsi kwemalanga langu-56 ngemuva kwekutsi i-Engineer itfole sitatimende, ngaphandle uma inkontileka itsi lokunye.

Kuphikisana kusebenta njani. Tinguculo ta-2017 tisebentisa i-Dispute Avoidance/Adjudication Board (DAAB), bese kuba yi-arbitration.

Tiyini tinhlobo leti-4 tetinkontileka tekwakha ngentsengo?

Ngentsengo, tinhlobo letine tetinkontileka tekwakha yi-lump sum, i-remeasurement, i-cost reimbursable ne-target cost. Ngayinye ihambisa ingoti yetindleko ngendlela lehlukile emkhatsini welikhasimende nemakhontileka. Tonkhe letine tingabhalwa ngemafomu lajwayelekile aseNingizimu Afrika. Lithebula likhombisa kutsi ngumaphi emafomu lavame kuhambisana neluhlobo ngalunye lwentsengo.

Luhlobo lwentsengo	Intsengo isebenta njani	Ngubani lotfwala ingoti yetindleko	Emafomu lavamile aseNingizimu Afrika
Lump sum	Intsengo lengashintji yemsebenti lochaziwe, ikhokhwa ngenchubekelo.	Kakhulu umakhontileka.	JBCC PBA (lump sum), NEC4 Option A, FIDIC Silver Book
Remeasurement (measure and value)	Emanani ku-bill of quantities, asetjentiswa ematfwaleni lakhiwe ngempela.	Kuyabelwana: likhasimende litfwala ingoti yematfwala (quantities), umakhontileka utfwala ingoti yemanani (rates).	GCC, JBCC PBA nema-quantities, NEC4 Option B, FIDIC Red Book
Cost reimbursable	Likhasimende likhokha tindleko tangempela kwengeta imali yemsebenti.	Kakhulu likhasimende.	NEC4 Option E
Target cost	I-target levunyelwene ngayo, kuyabelwana ngekonga nome ngekwendlula.	Kuyabelwana ngefomula ye-pain/gain.	NEC4 Options C na-D

Ekutfutfukisweni kwetindlu, i-lump sum ne-remeasurement kuvamile kakhulu. I-cost reimbursable netinkontileka te-target tifanele emaphrojekthi lapho umsebenti ungakacaci ekucaleni.

Tivumelwano te-subcontract: nominated, selected ne-domestic

Tivumelwano te-subcontract tivame kulandzela lifomu lenkontileka lenkhulu, futsi indlela i-subcontractor leyakhetfwa ngayo incuma kutsi ngubani lotfwala ingoti yemsebenti wayo. I-subcontractor ye-nominated ikhetfwa ngumcashi nome yi-principal agent. I-subcontractor ye-selected ikhetfwa ngenchubo lelawulwa ngumcashi, kuvame kube kusukela eluhlwini lolufishane. I-subcontractor ye-domestic ikhetfwa ngumakhontileka lomkhulu yedvwa.

Luhlobo	Ngubani lokhetsako	Ngubani lokhokhako	Sibopho semakhontileka lomkhulu
Nominated	Umcashi nome i-principal agent	Umakhontileka lomkhulu, ngesitifiketi senkhokhelo	Sibekwa yi-subcontract nenkontileka lenkhulu; tifundze tombili ngekucophelela.
Selected	Ngenchubo lelawulwa ngumcashi	Umakhontileka lomkhulu	Sibekwa yimitsetfo ye-subcontract ye-JBCC; hlola inguculo.
Domestic	Umakhontileka lomkhulu	Umakhontileka lomkhulu	Sibopho lesigcwele kumcashi ngemsebenti.

Emafomu lavamile yi-JBCC Nominated/Selected Subcontract Agreement, i-subcontract ye-NEC4, nema-subcontract labhalwe ngekufanana (back-to-back) netinkontileka letinkhulu te-GCC nome te-FIDIC. Hlola kutsi tikhatsi tetatiso, tikhatsi tenkhokhelo ne-retention kuyafana nenkontileka lenkhulu. Sikhala emkhatsini wato kulapho bakhontileka labanyenti balahlekelwa khona yimali.

Uphatsa emaphrojekthi e-JBCC, NEC ne-GCC eceleni kwalamanye ema-spreadsheet? I-Wakha iphatsa tinkhokhelo tenchubekelo ngaphansi kwe-JBCC, NEC ne-GCC, ema-variation order, titifiketi tema-sub-contractor ne-retention, ku-software yinye leyakhelwe bakhi baseNingizimu Afrika: buka i-demo yemkhicito.

I-JBCC, NEC, GCC ne-FIDIC kuphatsaniswa

I-JBCC, NEC, GCC ne-FIDIC tehlukana kakhulu ngekutsi ngubani lophatsa inkontileka, kutsi kushintja kulinganiswa njani, kutsi inkhokhelo inikwa njani sitifiketi nekutsi kuphikisana kusonjululwa njani. Lithebula lelingentasi linika kuphatsanisa lokusheshako. Tikhatsi tenkhokhelo ne-retention kubekwe kudatha yenkontileka ngayinye, ngako hlala uhlola dokhumenti lesayiniwe nenguculo.

Liphuzu	JBCC	NEC4	GCC	FIDIC
Kusetjentiswa lokukhulu	Umsebenti wekwakha wangasese	Ingcalasizinda ne-engineering	Umsebenti we-civil wahulumende	Emaphrojekthi emave emhlaba
Umphatsi	Principal agent	Project Manager	Engineer	Engineer
Indlela yekushintja	Ema-contract instruction nema-variation order	Ema-compensation event	Ema-variation order	Ema-variation
Umsebenti wesecwayiso sekucala	Kute sistimu lesemtsetfweni	Yebo, emacembu omabili	Kute sistimu lesemtsetfweni	Leminye imisebenti yetatiso
Sikhatsi senkhokhelo	Contract data	Emaviki lamatsatfu kusukela elangeni lekulinganisa, ngaphandle uma kushintjiwe	Imigomo ne-contract data	Emalanga langu-56 (2017 Red Book), ngaphandle uma kushintjiwe
Kuphikisana	Adjudication, bese kuba yi-arbitration nome inkantolo	Adjudication nome dispute avoidance board, bese kuba yi-tribunal	Adjudication, bese kuba yi-arbitration nome inkantolo	DAAB, bese kuba yi-arbitration

Kute utfole kuphatsanisa lokujulile, buka i-JBCC ngekumelene ne-NEC ne-GCC.

Indlela yekukhetsa luhlobo lwenkontileka yephrojekthi yakho

Emaphrojekthini lamanyenti likhasimende likhetsa lifomu, ngako tincumo tangempela yinguculo, indlela yentsengo ne-contract data. Umtfutfukisi wangasese lowakha tindlu uvame kusebentisa i-JBCC PBA nome i-MWA. Likhasimende lahulumende lelakha imigwaco nome emapayipi livame kucela i-GCC nome i-NEC. Imibuto lemihlanu iyasita.

Ngubani likhasimende? Batfutfukisi bangasese basebentisa kakhulu i-JBCC. Emakhasimende ahulumende akhetsa emafomu lasohlwini lwe-cidb.
Kwakhiwani? Takhiwo tifanele i-JBCC. Umsebenti we-civil ne-engineering ufanele i-GCC nome i-NEC.
Umsebenti ucacile kangakanani? Umsebenti locacile ufanele i-lump sum nome i-remeasurement. Umsebenti longakacaci ufanele i-target cost nome i-cost reimbursable.
Licembu ngalinye lingatfwala ingoti lengakanani? I-lump sum ibeka lokunyenti kumakhontileka. I-cost reimbursable ibeka lokunyenti kulikhasimende.
Ngubani latawuphatsa inkontileka? I-NEC idzinga kuphatsa lokusebentako nalokusesikhatsini kuto tonkhe tinhlangotsi. Uma licembu lakho lingeke likhone kulandzela tatiso, leyo yingoti yangempela.

Uma ungaciniseki, buta i-quantity surveyor nome ummeli wekwakha ngaphambi kwekusayina. Kushintja lifomu ngemuva kwekusayina kuvame kusho kuvumelana ngenkontileka lensha.

Umphumela Wekugcina

Tinhlobo letine letinkhulu tetinkontileka eNingizimu Afrika yi-JBCC, NEC, GCC ne-FIDIC, futsi ngayinye ishintja kutsi umangala njani, ukhokhelwa njani futsi usombulula njani kuphikisana. Fundza inguculo ne-contract data ngaphambi kwekubeka intsengo. Fananisa ema-subcontract akho nenkontileka lenkhulu. Fundza imitsetfo yetatiso yelifomu lolisayinako. Lapho kulapho imali yenkontileka iwinwa khona nome ilahleka.

Imibuto Lebutwa Njalo

Yini inkontileka yekwakha yelifomu lelijwayelekile?

Yinkontileka leshicilelwe ngumtimba wemboni, njenge-JBCC, NEC, SAICE (GCC) nome FIDIC, lebeka imigomo lejwayelekile yemsebenti wekwakha nome we-engineering. Emacembu engeta imininingwane yephrojekthi ku-contract data, njengentsengo, emalanga, i-retention nesikhatsi senkhokhelo. Emafomu lajwayelekile anciphisa tindleko tekubhala futsi enta kube lula kubeka intsengo yengoti.

Ngiluphi luhlobo lwenkontileka lokufanele ngilusebentise ekutfutfukisweni kwetindlu kwangasese?

I-JBCC ngiyo lekhetfwa kakhulu. Sebentisa i-Principal Building Agreement yemaphrojekthi layinkimbinkimbi latsatsa ngetulu kwetinyanga letisitfupha nakutsatfu nome lanemali yenkontileka lengetulu kwe-R5,000,000. Sebentisa i-Minor Works Agreement yemaphrojekthi lalula langekhatsi kwetinyanga letisitfupha nakutsatfu ne-R5,000,000. Kokubili kubhalelwe umsebenti wekwakha futsi kwatiwa kahle bakhontileka baseNingizimu Afrika.

Ngingayisebentisa yini i-JBCC ephrojekthini yahulumende?

Yebo, kungenteka. I-cidb Standard for Uniformity in Construction Procurement ibala i-JBCC, NEC, GCC ne-FIDIC njengemafomu emakhasimende ahulumende langawasebentisa. Ekusebenteni, umsebenti we-civil ne-engineering wahulumende usebentisa kakhulu i-GCC nome i-NEC. Emadokhumenti e-tender ahlala asho lifomu lelidzingekako, ngako walandzele.

Uyini umehluko emkhatsini wema-subcontractor la-nominated nala-domestic?

I-subcontractor ye-nominated ikhetfwa ngumcashi nome yi-principal agent, bese icashwa ngumakhontileka lomkhulu. I-subcontractor ye-domestic ikhetfwa ngumakhontileka lomkhulu yedvwa, lovame kutfwala sibopho lesigcwele kumcashi ngemsebenti wayo. Umehluko utsintsa kuhamba kwenkhokhelo, sibopho nendlela emaphutsa laphatfwa ngayo.

Ngingashintja yini lifomu lenkontileka phakatsi nephrojekthi?

Hhayi ngekwakho. Nangabe inkontileka seyisayiniwe, emacembu omabili aboshwe yiyo. Kushintja lifomu kungadzinga kutsi emacembu omabili avumelane, kuvamise kube ngekucedza inkontileka lekhona bese kusayinwa lensha. Loku akuvamisi kwenteka, ngako vumelana ngelifomu, inguculo ne-contract data ngaphambi kwekusayina.

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