Mefuta e 4 ya Dikonteraka tsa Kago mo Afrika Borwa

Foromo ya konteraka e swetsa ka moo o duelwang ka teng, gore ke mang yo o rwalang kotsi efe le ka moo kgotlhang e felang ka teng, pele thata ga setena sa ntlha se bewa.

Kaedi eno e tlhalosa mefuta e mene e megolo ya dikonteraka tsa kago e e dirisiwang mo Afrika Borwa: JBCC, NEC, GCC le FIDIC. E akaretsa gore ke mang yo o dirisang nngwe le nngwe, ka moo tuelo le diphetogo di dirang ka teng, dikgetho tsa go baya tlhwatlhwa, di-subcontract, le ka moo o ka tlhophang foromo e e siameng bakeng sa porojeke ya gago.

Mefuta e megolo ya dikonteraka tsa kago mo Afrika Borwa ke efe?

Afrika Borwa e dirisa ditlhopha tse nne tse dikgolo tsa dikonteraka tse di tlwaelegileng tsa kago: JBCC bakeng sa ditiro tsa kago, NEC le GCC bakeng sa engineering le mafaratlhatlha a puso, le FIDIC bakeng sa diporojeke tse di duelelwang ke ba boditšhabatšhaba. cidb Standard for Uniformity in Construction Procurement e bontsha tsotlhe tse nne jaaka diforomo tse bareki ba puso ba ka di dirisang. Tiro ya kago ya poraefete bontsi e dirwa ka JBCC.

Setlhopha sa konteraka	Se gatisitswe ke	Tiriso e e tlwaelegileng mo Afrika Borwa	Motsamaisi wa konteraka
JBCC	Joint Building Contracts Committee	Tiro ya kago ya poraefete: matlo, di-estate, diofisi, mabenkele, intaseteri.	Principal agent
NEC (NEC4)	NEC (kwa tshimologong UK)	Mafaratlhatlha le engineering, e dirisiwa ke dikhamphani di le mmalwa tsa puso le dimetro.	Project Manager
GCC (dikgatiso tsa 2015 le 2025)	South African Institution of Civil Engineering (SAICE)	Ditiro tsa civil le engineering bakeng sa bareki ba bosetšhaba, porofense le masepala.	Engineer (moemedi wa mothapi)
FIDIC	International Federation of Consulting Engineers	Diporojeke tse di nang le baduelela kgotsa bakonteraka ba boditšhabatšhaba.	Engineer

Moreki gantsi o tlhopha foromo mme o e bitse ka leina mo dikwalong tsa tender. Jaaka mokonteraka, tiro ya gago ke go bala kgatiso le contract data pele o baya tlhwatlhwa. Kaedi eno yotlhe e tsaya setlhopha sengwe le sengwe ka tatelano.

Konteraka ya JBCC ke eng?

Konteraka ya JBCC ke konteraka e e tlwaelegileng ya kago e e gatisitsweng ke Joint Building Contracts Committee mme e dirisiwa mo bontsing jwa tiro ya kago ya poraefete mo Afrika Borwa. Diforomo tse dikgolo ke Principal Building Agreement (PBA) bakeng sa diporojeke tse dikgolwane kgotsa tse di raraaneng le Minor Works Agreement (MWA) bakeng sa ditiro tse di bonolo, tse dikhutshwane. Principal agent o tsamaisa konteraka bakeng sa mothapi.

Setlhopha sa JBCC se akaretsa:

Principal Building Agreement (PBA): konteraka e kgolo ya ditiro tsa kago, e e diretsweng diporojeke tse di raraaneng tse di tsayang go feta dikgwedi di le robongwe kgotsa tse di nang le contract sum e e fetang R5,000,000. E akaretsa diphetogo, go okediwa ga nako, disetifikeiti tsa tuelo, practical completion, defects liability le tharabololo ya dikgotlhang.
Minor Works Agreement (MWA): konteraka e e bonolo bakeng sa diporojeke tse di bonolo tse di sa feteng dikgwedi di le robongwe mme di sa fete R5,000,000. Ga e na di-subcontractor tse di nominated kgotsa selected.
Nominated/Selected Subcontract Agreement: bakeng sa di-subcontractor tse di tlhophilweng ke mothapi kgotsa principal agent mme di na le konteraka le mokonteraka yo mogolo.

Ka moo tuelo e dirang ka teng. Mokonteraka o dira kleime kgwedi le kgwedi. Principal agent, gantsi ka tekanyetso ya boleng ya quantity surveyor, o ntsha setifikeiti sa tuelo sa nakwana. Se akaretsa tiro e e dirilweng, didirisiwa tse di mo lefelong, diphetogo tse di dumeletsweng le retention. Paka ya tuelo le phesente ya retention di beilwe mo contract data.

Ka moo dikgotlhang di dirang ka teng. Pele ditlhopha di leka go rarabolola. Fa seo se palelwa, JBCC e baakanyetsa adjudication morago arbitration kgotsa kgotlatshekelo, go ya ka contract data.

Bakeng sa tsamaiso yotlhe ya setifikeiti, bona kaedi ya setifikeiti sa tuelo sa JBCC. Quantity surveyor o baakanya tekanyetso ya boleng kwa morago ga setifikeiti sengwe le sengwe, ka jalo tiro ya gagwe e botlhokwa mo tirong nngwe le nngwe ya JBCC.

Konteraka ya NEC ke eng?

Konteraka ya NEC ke foromo e e tlwaelegileng e e agilweng go dikologa taolo e e mafolofolo, early warnings le compensation events, mme NEC4 ke kgatiso ya ga jaana e e dirisiwang mo Afrika Borwa. Foromo e kgolo ke Engineering and Construction Contract (ECC). E dirisiwa mo diporojekeng di le dintsi tsa mafaratlhatlha le engineering ke dikhamphani tsa puso le dimetro, mme ga se gantsi mo tirong ya kago ya poraefete.

NEC4 ECC e naya dikgetho tse thataro tse dikgolo tsa go baya tlhwatlhwa:

Kgetho	Motheo wa tlhwatlhwa
A	Konteraka e e beetsweng tlhwatlhwa ka activity schedule
B	Konteraka e e beetsweng tlhwatlhwa ka bill of quantities
C	Target contract ka activity schedule
D	Target contract ka bill of quantities
E	Cost reimbursable contract
F	Management contract

Diforomo tse dingwe tsa NEC4 di akaretsa Professional Services Contract le Term Service Contract bakeng sa tlhokomelo e e tswelelang.

Ka moo tuelo e dirang ka teng. Project Manager o sekaseka palo e e tshwanetseng go duelwa ka letlha lengwe le lengwe la assessment, le le beilweng mo contract data. Ka fa tlase ga NEC4, tuelo e tshwanetse go duelwa mo dibekeng di le tharo morago ga letlha la assessment ntle le fa contract data e bolela ka tsela e nngwe.

Ka moo diphetogo di dirang ka teng. Diphetogo di tsamaya ka compensation events. Ditlhopha tsoopedi di tshwanetse go naya early warnings tsa mathata. Melelwane ya nako ya dikitsiso e tiile, ka jalo dikitsiso tse di diegileng di ka go latlhegela nako le madi.

Ka moo dikgotlhang di dirang ka teng. Dikgotlhang di ya kwa adjudication kgotsa dispute avoidance board, go ya ka kgetho e e tlhophilweng, morago kwa tribunal e e bidiwang ka leina mo contract data.

Bakeng sa kaedi e e tseneletseng ya dikitsiso le dikleime, bala NEC compensation events mo Afrika Borwa.

Konteraka ya GCC ke eng?

GCC ke General Conditions of Contract for Construction Works e e gatisitsweng ke SAICE, e e dirisiwang bontsi mo tirong ya civil le engineering bakeng sa bareki ba puso. GCC 2015 e santse e tlwaelegile mo dikonterakeng tse di tsamaang, mme SAICE e simolotse kgatiso e ntšhwa, GCC 2025. Engineer o tsamaisa konteraka bakeng sa mothapi mme o netefatsa tuelo.

Ka moo tuelo e dirang ka teng. GCC gantsi ke konteraka ya measure-and-value e e nang le bill of quantities. Mokonteraka o romela statement ya kgwedi, mme Engineer o lekanya tiro mme o netefatsa palo e e tshwanetseng go duelwa. Paka ya tuelo le retention di beilwe mo dipeelong le contract data, ka jalo tlhatlhoba kgatiso e o e saenneng.

Ka moo diphetogo di dirang ka teng. Diphetogo di laolwa ke Engineer. Dikleime di tlhoka kitsiso e e kwadilweng mo dipakeng tse di beilweng, mme GCC 2025 e dira melao ya dikitsiso e tiile go feta.

Ka moo dikgotlhang di dirang ka teng. GCC e baakanyetsa adjudication, e latelwa ke arbitration kgotsa kgotlatshekelo fa setlhopha se sa kgotsofala.

Fa konteraka ya gago e dira ka kgatiso e ntšhwa, bala GCC 2015 kgatlhanong le GCC 2025: se se fetogang mo tuelong.

FIDIC e dirisiwa leng mo Afrika Borwa?

Dikonteraka tsa FIDIC di dirisiwa mo Afrika Borwa bogolo mo diporojekeng tse di nang le baduelela ba boditšhabatšhaba, dibanka tsa tlhabololo kgotsa bakonteraka ba dinaga di sele. Di gatisiwa ke International Federation of Consulting Engineers. FIDIC ga e tlwaelegang mo tirong ya kago ya selegae go feta JBCC, mme e bonala mo diporojekeng tse dikgolo tsa mafaratlhatlha le tse di kgabaganyang melelwane.

Dibuka tse dikgolo tsa FIDIC ke:

Red Book: kago e e rulagantsweng ke mothapi.
Yellow Book: plant le design-build.
Silver Book: diporojeke tsa EPC le turnkey, bontsi jwa kotsi bo le mo mokonterakeng.
Green Book: foromo e khutshwane bakeng sa tiro e e bonolo.

Ka moo tuelo e dirang ka teng. Engineer o netefatsa dituelo tsa nakwana go ya ka di-statement tsa mokonteraka. Ka fa tlase ga Red Book ya 2017, mothapi o duela mo malatsing a le 56 morago ga Engineer a amogela statement, ntle le fa konteraka e bolela ka tsela e nngwe.

Ka moo dikgotlhang di dirang ka teng. Dikgatiso tsa 2017 di dirisa Dispute Avoidance/Adjudication Board (DAAB), morago arbitration.

Mefuta e 4 ya dikonteraka tsa kago go ya ka tlhwatlhwa ke efe?

Go ya ka tlhwatlhwa, mefuta e mene ya dikonteraka tsa kago ke lump sum, remeasurement, cost reimbursable le target cost. Nngwe le nngwe e tsamaisa kotsi ya ditshenyegelo ka tsela e e farologanang magareng ga moreki le mokonteraka. Tsotlhe tse nne di ka kwalwa mo diforomong tse di tlwaelegileng tsa Afrika Borwa. Tafole e bontsha gore ke foromo efe e gantsi e tsamayang le mofuta ofe wa tlhwatlhwa.

Mofuta wa tlhwatlhwa	Ka moo tlhwatlhwa e dirang ka teng	Ke mang yo o rwalang kotsi ya ditshenyegelo	Diforomo tse di tlwaelegileng tsa Afrika Borwa
Lump sum	Tlhwatlhwa e e tlhomameng bakeng sa tiro e e tlhalositsweng, e duelwa ka tswelelopele.	Bontsi mokonteraka.	JBCC PBA (lump sum), NEC4 Option A, FIDIC Silver Book
Remeasurement (measure and value)	Ditlhwatlhwa mo bill of quantities, di dirisiwa mo dipalong tse di agilweng tota.	Go abelanwa: moreki o rwala kotsi ya dipalo, mokonteraka o rwala kotsi ya ditlhwatlhwa.	GCC, JBCC PBA ka quantities, NEC4 Option B, FIDIC Red Book
Cost reimbursable	Moreki o duela ditshenyegelo tsa nnete le tuelo.	Bontsi moreki.	NEC4 Option E
Target cost	Target e e dumelanweng, poloko kgotsa go feta go abelanwa.	Go abelanwa ka foromula ya pain/gain.	NEC4 Options C le D

Mo ditlhabololong tsa bonno, lump sum le remeasurement di tlwaelegile go gaisa. Dikonteraka tsa cost reimbursable le target di siametse diporojeke tse tiro ya tsone e sa tlhaloganyegeng sentle kwa tshimologong.

Ditumalano tsa subcontract: nominated, selected le domestic

Ditumalano tsa subcontract gantsi di latela foromo ya konteraka e kgolo, mme tsela e subcontractor a tlhophilweng ka yone e swetsa gore ke mang yo o rwalang kotsi ya tiro ya gagwe. Subcontractor wa nominated o tlhophiwa ke mothapi kgotsa principal agent. Subcontractor wa selected o tlhophiwa ka tsamaiso e mothapi a e laolang, gantsi go tswa mo lenaaneng le lekhutshwane. Subcontractor wa domestic o tlhophiwa ke mokonteraka yo mogolo a le esi.

Mofuta	Ke mang yo o tlhophang	Ke mang yo o duelang	Boikarabelo jwa mokonteraka yo mogolo
Nominated	Mothapi kgotsa principal agent	Mokonteraka yo mogolo, ka setifikeiti sa tuelo	Bo beilwe ke subcontract le konteraka e kgolo; di bale tsoopedi ka kelotlhoko.
Selected	Ka tsamaiso e mothapi a e laolang	Mokonteraka yo mogolo	Bo beilwe ke melao ya subcontract ya JBCC; tlhatlhoba kgatiso.
Domestic	Mokonteraka yo mogolo	Mokonteraka yo mogolo	Boikarabelo jotlhe go mothapi bakeng sa tiro.

Diforomo tse di tlwaelegileng ke JBCC Nominated/Selected Subcontract Agreement, NEC4 subcontract, le di-subcontract tse di kwadilweng back-to-back le dikonteraka tse dikgolo tsa GCC kgotsa FIDIC. Tlhatlhoba gore dipaka tsa dikitsiso, dipaka tsa tuelo le retention di tsamaisana le konteraka e kgolo. Phatlha magareng ga tsone ke kwa bakonteraka ba le bantsi ba latlhegelwang ke madi teng.

O tsamaisa diporojeke tsa JBCC, NEC le GCC mmogo mo di-spreadsheet? Wakha e samagana le dituelo tsa tswelelopele ka fa tlase ga JBCC, NEC le GCC, di-variation order le disetifikeiti le retention ya di-subcontractor, mo software e le nngwe e e diretsweng baagi ba Afrika Borwa: bona demo ya setlhagiswa.

JBCC, NEC, GCC le FIDIC di bapisitswe

JBCC, NEC, GCC le FIDIC di farologana bogolo ka gore ke mang yo o tsamaisang konteraka, ka moo diphetogo di lekanyediwang boleng ka teng, ka moo tuelo e netefadiwang ka teng le ka moo dikgotlhang di rarabololwang ka teng. Tafole e e fa tlase e naya papiso ya bonako. Dipaka tsa tuelo le retention di beilwe mo data ya konteraka nngwe le nngwe, ka jalo ka metlha tlhatlhoba lekwalo le le saennweng le kgatiso.

Karolo	JBCC	NEC4	GCC	FIDIC
Tiriso e kgolo	Ditiro tsa kago tsa poraefete	Mafaratlhatlha le engineering	Ditiro tsa civil tsa puso	Diporojeke tsa boditšhabatšhaba
Motsamaisi	Principal agent	Project Manager	Engineer	Engineer
Mokgwa wa diphetogo	Ditaelo tsa konteraka le di-variation order	Compensation events	Di-variation order	Variations
Tshwanelo ya early warning	Ga go tsamaiso ya semmuso	Ee, ditlhopha tsoopedi	Ga go tsamaiso ya semmuso	Ditshwanelo dingwe tsa dikitsiso
Paka ya tuelo	Contract data	Dibeke di le tharo go tloga ka letlha la assessment, ntle le fa e fetotswe	Dipeelo le contract data	Malatsi a le 56 (Red Book ya 2017), ntle le fa e fetotswe
Dikgotlhang	Adjudication, morago arbitration kgotsa kgotlatshekelo	Adjudication kgotsa dispute avoidance board, morago tribunal	Adjudication, morago arbitration kgotsa kgotlatshekelo	DAAB, morago arbitration

Bakeng sa papiso e e tseneletseng, bona JBCC kgatlhanong le NEC kgatlhanong le GCC dikonteraka.

Ka moo o ka tlhophang mofuta wa konteraka bakeng sa porojeke ya gago

Mo bontsing jwa diporojeke moreki o tlhopha foromo, ka jalo dikgetho tsa nnete ke kgatiso, kgetho ya tlhwatlhwa le contract data. Motlhami wa poraefete yo o agang matlo gantsi o tla dirisa JBCC PBA kgotsa MWA. Moreki wa puso yo o agang ditsela kgotsa diphaephe gantsi o tla tlhalosa GCC kgotsa NEC. Dipotso tse tlhano di a thusa.

Moreki ke mang? Batlhami ba poraefete bontsi ba dirisa JBCC. Bareki ba puso ba tlhopha go tswa mo diforomong tse di kwadilweng ke cidb.
Go agiwa eng? Meago e siametse JBCC. Ditiro tsa civil le engineering di siametse GCC kgotsa NEC.
Tiro e phepa go le kae? Tiro e e phepa e siametse lump sum kgotsa remeasurement. Tiro e e sa phepang e siametse target cost kgotsa cost reimbursable.
Setlhopha sengwe le sengwe se ka rwala kotsi e kae? Lump sum e baya bontsi mo mokonterakeng. Cost reimbursable e baya bontsi mo morekeng.
Ke mang yo o tla tsamaisang konteraka? NEC e tlhoka taolo e e mafolofolo, e e ka nako go tswa mo matlhakoreng otlhe. Fa setlhopha sa gago se sa kgone go tsamaisana le dikitsiso, eo ke kotsi ya nnete.

Fa o sa tlhomamise, botsa quantity surveyor kgotsa ramolao wa kago pele o saena. Go fetola foromo morago ga go saena gantsi go raya go dumelana ka konteraka e ntšhwa.

Bokhutlo

Mefuta e mene e megolo ya dikonteraka mo Afrika Borwa ke JBCC, NEC, GCC le FIDIC, mme nngwe le nngwe e fetola ka moo o dirang kleime, o duelwang le o rarabololang dikgotlhang ka teng. Bala kgatiso le contract data pele o baya tlhwatlhwa. Tsamaisa di-subcontract tsa gago le konteraka e kgolo. Ithute melao ya dikitsiso ya foromo e o e saenang. Fano ke kwa madi a konteraka a fenngwang kgotsa a latlhegang teng.

Dipotso tse di Botswang Gantsi

Konteraka ya kago ya foromo e e tlwaelegileng ke eng?

Ke konteraka e e gatisitsweng ke setheo sa intaseteri, jaaka JBCC, NEC, SAICE (GCC) kgotsa FIDIC, e e bayang dipeelo tsa kakaretso tsa tiro ya kago kgotsa ya engineering. Ditlhopha di oketsa dintlha tsa porojeke mo contract data, jaaka tlhwatlhwa, matlha, retention le paka ya tuelo. Diforomo tse di tlwaelegileng di fokotsa ditshenyegelo tsa go kwala mme di dira gore kotsi e nne bonolo go e baya tlhwatlhwa.

Ke tshwanetse go dirisa mofuta ofe wa konteraka bakeng sa tlhabololo ya bonno ya poraefete?

JBCC ke kgetho e e tlwaelegileng. Dirisa Principal Building Agreement bakeng sa diporojeke tse di raraaneng tse di tsayang go feta dikgwedi di le robongwe kgotsa tse di nang le contract sum e e fetang R5,000,000. Dirisa Minor Works Agreement bakeng sa diporojeke tse di bonolo mo teng ga dikgwedi di le robongwe le R5,000,000. Tsoopedi di kwaletswe ditiro tsa kago mme di itsege sentle mo bakonterakeng ba Afrika Borwa.

A nka dirisa JBCC bakeng sa porojeke ya lekala la puso?

Ee, go a kgonega. cidb Standard for Uniformity in Construction Procurement e bontsha JBCC, NEC, GCC le FIDIC jaaka diforomo tse bareki ba puso ba ka di dirisang. Mo tirong, tiro ya puso ya civil le engineering bontsi e dirisa GCC kgotsa NEC. Dikwalo tsa tender di tla bolela ka metlha foromo e e tlhokwang, ka jalo di latele.

Pharologano ke efe magareng ga di-subcontractor tsa nominated le tsa domestic?

Subcontractor wa nominated o tlhophiwa ke mothapi kgotsa principal agent, morago a nna le konteraka le mokonteraka yo mogolo. Subcontractor wa domestic o tlhophiwa ke mokonteraka yo mogolo a le esi, yo gantsi a rwalang boikarabelo jotlhe go mothapi bakeng sa tiro ya gagwe. Pharologano e ama tsamaiso ya dituelo, boikarabelo le ka moo diphoso di samaganwang le tsone ka teng.

A nka fetola diforomo tsa konteraka fa porojeke e le mo gare?

E seng o le esi. Fa konteraka e sena go saenwa, ditlhopha tsoopedi di tlamiwa ke yone. Go fetola foromo go ka tlhoka gore ditlhopha tsoopedi di dumelane, gantsi ka go fedisa konteraka e e leng teng le go saena e ntšhwa. Seno ga se gantsi se kgonega, ka jalo swetsa foromo, kgatiso le contract data pele o saena.

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