Tinkhokhelo Tekwakha Letephuzile eSA: Emalungelo Akho

Bakhontileka labanyenti baseNingizimu Afrika labehlulekako abehluleki ngenca yemsebenti wetandla. Baphelelwa yimali ngesikhatsi balindze kukhokhelwa umsebenti labawucedza tinyanga letendlulile.

Lesikhombisi sichaza emalungelo akho nangabe likhasimende lekwakha likhokha sekwephuzile eNingizimu Afrika. Sihlanganisa imitsetfo yenkhokhelo ngaphansi kwetinkontileka te-JBCC, NEC ne-GCC, inzalo enkhokhelweni lephuzile, kutsi kungani emakhasimende akhokha sekwephuzile, indlela yekukuvimba netinyatselo lokufanele utitsatse nangabe imali seyephuzile.

Kungani tinkhokhelo letephuzile tilimata bakhontileka baseNingizimu Afrika

Tinkhokhelo letephuzile tilimata bakhontileka baseNingizimu Afrika ngobe bakhokhela tisebenti, tintfo nemishini emaviki ngaphambi kwekutsi likhasimende libakhokhele. Yengeta i-retention, kuvamise kube ngu-5% kuya ku-10% wesitifiketi ngasinye, umakhontileka angatfwala incenye lenkhulu yetindleko tephrojekthi ebhalansini shidi yakhe. Likhasimende linye lelephuzako lingamisa tonkhe letinye tiza.

Nanti indlela sikhala lesakheka ngayo emsebentini wekwakha lojwayelekile:

Wenta umsebenti ngenyanga bese ukhokhela licembu lakho nebaphakeli.
Utfumela simangalo sakho senkhokhelo ekupheleni kwenyanga.
I-principal agent nome i-quantity surveyor ilinganisa umsebenti bese ikhipha sitifiketi senkhokhelo.
Likhasimende likhokha ngekhatsi kwesikhatsi lesisenkontilekeni, nome ngemuva kwaso.

Ngisho nangabe wonkhe umuntfu alandzela inkontileka, sikhala kusukela ekusebentiseni imali kuya ekukhokhelweni singaba ngemaviki lasitfupha kuya kulasiphohlongo. Nangabe sitifiketi sephuzile nome likhasimende likhokha sekwephuzile, siyakhula.

I-retention iyakwenta kube kubi kakhulu. Ephrojekthini ye-R5,000,000 lene-retention ye-10%, i-R500,000 iyagcinwa. Incenye ingabuya ku-practical completion nalesele ku-final completion, ngemuva kwesikhatsi se-defects liability. Uma kucedza kwephuza, nemali iyephuza.

I-quantity surveyor ne-principal agent bamkhatsini kwaloku. Kulinganisa kwabo nesitifiketi kucalisa liwashi lenkhokhelo, ngako sitifiketi lesephuzile sivame kuba sizatfu sekucala senkhokhelo lephuzile.

Ngumiphi imigomo yenkhokhelo lesebenta ngaphansi kwe-JBCC, NEC ne-GCC?

Ngaphansi kwetinkontileka te-JBCC, NEC ne-GCC, sikhatsi senkhokhelo, lizinga lenzalo nelilungelo lekumisa umsebenti konkhe kuvela enkontilekeni lesayiniwe ne-contract data yayo. Kute sikhatsi senkhokhelo sinye semboni yonkhe eNingizimu Afrika. Emakhasimende ahulumende anemsebenti lowehlukile wekukhokha ngekhatsi kwemalanga langu-30 ngemuva kwekutfola i-invoyisi, ngaphandle uma kuvunyelwene ngalokunye.

Lithebula lelingentasi likhombisa kutsi lifomu ngalinye lisebenta njani ngalokujwayelekile. Hlala ufundza inguculo yakho ne-contract data.

Lifomu lenkontileka	Ngubani lonika sitifiketi senkhokhelo	Sikhatsi senkhokhelo	Inzalo yenkhokhelo lephuzile	Emakhambi lamakhulu
JBCC Principal Building Agreement	I-principal agent ikhipha ema-interim payment certificate.	Kubekwe enkontilekeni nase-contract data.	Njengobe kubekwe enkontilekeni.	Inzalo, kumisa ngemuva kwesaziso, kucedza inkontileka, i-adjudication.
NEC4 Engineering and Construction Contract	I-Project Manager inika sitifiketi ngelilanga ngalinye lekulinganisa.	Ngekhatsi kwemaviki lamatsatfu kusukela elangeni lekulinganisa, ngaphandle uma i-contract data itsi lokunye.	Inzalo ngelizinga lelikhona ku-contract data.	Inzalo, i-adjudication ngaphansi kwema-W option, kucedza inkontileka.
GCC 2015 (umsebenti we-civil)	I-Engineer inika sitifiketi sitatimende senyanga semakhontileka.	Kubekwe emigomeni nase-contract data.	Njengobe kubekwe enkontilekeni.	Inzalo, kumisa, i-adjudication, i-arbitration.

Emsebentini wahulumende, i-Treasury Regulations ngaphansi kwe-Public Finance Management Act (PFMA) idzinga kutsi iminyango yavelonkhe neyetifundza ikhokhe ngekhatsi kwemalanga langu-30 ngemuva kwekutfola i-invoyisi, ngaphandle uma kuvunyelwene ngalokunye. I-Municipal Finance Management Act (MFMA) inemtsetfo lofanako wemalanga langu-30 kabomasipala.

Imitsetfo yekukhokha ngesikhatsi (prompt payment regulations) ngaphansi kwe-CIDB Act nayo seyiphakanyisiwe. Hlola simo sayo sanyalo ngaphambi kwekuyetsemba esatisweni.

Kute ufundze kabanti ngekutsi emafomu ehlukana njani, fundza i-JBCC ngekumelene ne-NEC ne-GCC.

Ungakhokhisa yini inzalo etinkhokhelweni tekwakha letephuzile?

Yebo, uvame kukhona kukhokhisa inzalo enkhokhelweni yekwakha lephuzile, ngelizinga lelisenkontilekeni yakho nome, uma inkontileka ingakhulumi lutfo, ngelizinga lelibekwe ngaphansi kwe-Prescribed Rate of Interest Act 55 ka-1975. Lelo zinga lishicilelwa ku-Government Gazette futsi lixhumene ne-repo rate ye-Reserve Bank, ngako liyashintja ngekuhamba kwesikhatsi.

Inzalo ibalwa kusukela elangeni inkhokhelo leyabekwa ngalo kuze kube lilanga leyakhokhwa ngalo. Indlela lelula:

Inzalo yelilanga = linani lelephuzile × lizinga lemnyaka ÷ 365
Inzalo yonkhe = inzalo yelilanga × emalanga lephuzile

Sibonelo lesiyimfanekiso. Sitifiketi se-R1,000,000 sikhokhwa sephuze ngemalanga langu-45. Uma lizinga lelisebentako lingu-11% ngemnyaka:

Intfo	Linani
Linani lelephuzile	R1,000,000
Inzalo yelilanga (R1,000,000 × 11% ÷ 365)	R301.37
Emalanga lephuzile	45
Inzalo lefanele kukhokhwa (R301.37 × 45)	R13,561.65

I-11% yesibonelo kuphela. Sebentisa lizinga lelisenkontilekeni yakho nome lizinga lanyalo lelibekiwe. Mangalela inzalo ngekubhala, nenombolo yesitifiketi nelilanga lekukhokha, ngaso sonkhe sikhatsi inkhokhelo yephuza.

Kungani emakhasimende akhokha sekwephuzile?

Emakhasimende avame kukhokha sekwephuzile ngetizatfu letine: aphikisana ngemsebenti nome ngekulinganiswa, emaphepha ahamba kancane, ashodelwa yimali, nome luhlelo lwawo lwekuvuma lude. Sizatfu ngasinye sidzinga imphendvulo lehlukile. Kwati kutsi ubhekene naluphi kukutjela kutsi utfumele bufakazi, ujahe kusayina nome utivikele engotini yesikweleti.

Sizatfu	Timphawu letijwayelekile	Lokusitako
Kuphikisana ngekhwalithi nome ngekulinganiswa	Tintfo tisuswa esitifiketini, emaphutsa aphakanyiswa sekwephuzile.	Titfombe, lokubhalwe edayarini yesiza, ema-variation order lasayiniwe.
Emaphepha lahamba kancane	Sitifiketi sikhishwa sekwephuzile, emadokhumenti lasekelako ashodile.	Timangalo letiphelele, letitfunyelwa ngesikhatsi, nebufakazi.
Kushoda kwemali kwelikhasimende	Ema-zaba, tinkhokhelo letingapheleli, kulindza kutsengisa nome kudrowa ebhange.	Kuhlolwa kwesikweleti, ema-payment guarantee, imijikeleto yenkhokhelo lemfishane.
Luhlelo lwekuvuma lolude	Kusayina lokunyenti, imibuto yelicembu letimali.	Yati inchubo kusenesikhatsi, landzelela esigabeni ngasinye.

Batfutfukisi labaxhasa kwakha ngekudrowa ebhange bavame kukhokha sekwephuzile nangabe i-quantity surveyor yelibhange ingakasayini. Buta ngesakhiwo sekuxhaswa ngaphambi kwekusayina.

Indlela yekuvimba tinkhokhelo letephuzile

Kuvikeleka lokuhle kakhulu enkhokhelweni lephuzile kuhlelwa ngaphambi kwekutsi umsebenti ucale: imigomo yenkhokhelo lecacile enkontilekeni, timangalo letiphelele inyanga ngayinye, nenkhwa lengashintji yekulandzelela. Tinkhokhelo letinyenti letephuzile letaba kuphikisana tacala njengesimangalo lesingakapheleli nome inguculo yemsebenti lengakasayinwa. Letinyatselo tinciphisa leyo ngoti kunobe nguyiphi iphrojekthi ye-JBCC, NEC nome GCC.

Ngaphambi kwekusayina:

Hlola sikhatsi senkhokhelo, lizinga lenzalo nemalungelo ekumisa ku-contract data.
Buta kutsi likhasimende liyixhasa njani iphrojekthi.
Cela i-payment guarantee emisebentini lemikhulu nome lenengoti lenkhulu.
Faka ingoti yenkhokhelo entsengweni ye-tender yakho.

Inyanga ngayinye:

Tfumela simangalo sakho ngelilanga lenkontileka, nekulinganisa, titfombe nalokubhalwe edayarini yesiza.
Vumelisa yonkhe inguculo yemsebenti ngekubhala ngaphambi kwekutsi wente umsebenti.
Landzelela lilanga lesitifiketi nelilanga lekukhokha lephrojekthi ngayinye.
Landzelela emalangeni lambalwa ngaphambi kwelilanga lekukhokha, hhayi ngemuva.

Nangabe umsebenti ushintja:

Beka intsengo yenguculo yemsebenti bese uyisayinisa ngaphambi kwekutsi umsebenti ucale.
Yengete esimangalweni lesilandzelako nekuvunywa kwayo kunamatsiselwe.

Kute utfole inchubo yesitifiketi leyiphelele, buka sikhombisi sesitifiketi senkhokhelo se-JBCC. Kute uhlele kabanti, buka kulawula i-cash flow yekwakha eNingizimu Afrika.

Usalandzelela titifiketi tenkhokhelo ne-retention ku-spreadsheet? I-Wakha iphatsa tinkhokhelo tenchubekelo ngaphansi kwe-JBCC, NEC ne-GCC, ema-variation order nesikhungo sekulawula i-cash flow ku-software yinye leyakhelwe bakhi baseNingizimu Afrika: buka i-demo yemkhicito.

Yini lokufanele uyente nangabe likhasimende likhokha sekwephuzile?

Nangabe likhasimende likhokha sekwephuzile, yenta ngetinyatselo: tfumela saziso lesisemtsetfweni, mangalela inzalo, yenyusela ngekubhala, bese usebentisa emakhambi enkontileka yakho njenge-adjudication nome kumisa umsebenti. Landzela inchubo yetatiso yenkontileka yakho ncamashi. Likhambi lelisetjentiswe ngaphandle kwesaziso lesifanele lingakwenta wephule inkontileka. Tsatsa seluleko semtsetfo ngaphambi kwekumisa umsebenti.

Sinyatselo	Nini	Lokufanele ukwente
1. Sikhumbuto	Emalangeni lambalwa ngaphambi kwelilanga lekukhokha	Cinisekisa inombolo yesitifiketi, linani nelilanga lekukhokha.
2. Saziso lesisemtsetfweni	Lilanga lelilandzela lilanga lekukhokha	Saziso lesibhaliwe kulikhasimende nase-principal agent, sicaphuna i-clause yenkontileka.
3. Simangalo senzalo	Nesaziso	Sho lizinga nekutsi inzalo ibalwa njani.
4. Kwenyusela	Uma kusengakakhokhwa	Bhalela baphatsi labaphakeme belikhasimende nemlandvo wenkhokhelo.
5. I-adjudication	Uma linani liphikiswa nome lingakakhokhwa	Dlulisela kuphikisana ngaphansi kwe-clause ye-adjudication yenkontileka yakho.
6. Kumisa umsebenti	Kuphela uma inkontileka ikuvumela	Nika saziso lesibhaliwe lesidzingekako, bese umisa futsi ubhale emalanga.

Saziso lesisemtsetfweni. Sebentisa sihloko lesicacile, njenge-”Overdue payment, certificate 7”. Caphuna inkontileka, sitifiketi, linani, lilanga lekukhokha nemalanga lephuzile. Gcina ikhophi nebufakazi bekulethwa.

I-adjudication. I-JBCC, NEC ne-GCC tonkhe tihlinzeka nge-adjudication. Sincumo se-adjudicator sivame kubopha kuze kube siyashintjwa yi-arbitration nome inkantolo, futsi tinkantolo tivame kusicinisa. Sisheshisa futsi asibiti kakhulu kunekuya enkantolo.

Kumisa umsebenti. Hlola kucala sikhatsi sesaziso nemibandzela enkontilekeni yakho. Bhala lilanga lowama ngalo nelilanga lowacala kabusha ngalo. Kumisa kwengeta ingcindzi, kodvwa kuphindze kumise imali yakho lengenako, ngako kusebentise ngekucophelela.

Kungani ema-spreadsheet ehluleka kulandzelela tinkhokhelo

Ema-spreadsheet ayehluleka kulandzelela tinkhokhelo tekwakha ngobe akati kutsi ngusiphi sitifiketi lesifanele kukhokhwa, ngusiphi lesephuzile nome ngiyiphi i-retention lelungele kukhululwa. Nangabe likhasimende libuta ngentfo letsite, bufakazi buse-imeyili, ku-WhatsApp nasephepheni. Sikhatsi lesichitfwa kubufuna sikhatsi imali lehlala ngaso ku-akhawunti yelikhasimende.

Tinkinga letivamile:

Titifiketi letakhiwe emafayeleni lahlukene ephrojekthi ngayinye, nemaphutsa emafomula.
Kute secwayiso nangabe inkhokhelo yendlula lilanga layo lekukhokha.
Emanani e-retention alandzelelwa ngesandla.
Kuvunywa kwetinguculo temsebenti netitfombe tesiza kugcinwe kulenye indzawo.

Sisombululo yirekhodi linye ngephrojekthi ngayinye lelixhumanisa simangalo, sitifiketi, tinguculo temsebenti, i-retention nebufakazi, nemalanga ekukhokha longawabona kuto tonkhe tiza.

Umphumela Wekugcina

Inkhokhelo lephuzile yinkinga yenkontileka ngaphambi kwekutsi ibe yinkinga yemali. Yati sikhatsi senkhokhelo, lizinga lenzalo nemakhambi ku-contract data yakho. Tfumela timangalo letiphelele ngesikhatsi, sayinisa tinguculo temsebenti kucala, futsi wente lokutsite ngelilanga lelilandzela lilanga lekukhokha. Bakhontileka labalandzelela ngekushesha nangekubhala bakhokhelwa ngekushesha.

Imibuto Lebutwa Njalo

Yini inkhokhelo lephuzile ekwakheni?

Inkhokhelo lephuzile nobe ngumuphi linani lelinikwe sitifiketi nome lelifanele kukhokhwa ngaphansi kwenkontileka yekwakha likhasimende lelingakalikhokhi ngelilanga lelisenkontilekeni. ENingizimu Afrika, lelo langa livela ku-contract data ye-JBCC, NEC nome GCC. Nangabe inkhokhelo seyephuzile, umakhontileka uvame kukhona kumangalela inzalo nekusebentisa emakhambi enkontileka.

Ngusiphi sikhatsi senkhokhelo lesifanele semsebenti wekwakha eNingizimu Afrika?

Kute sikhatsi semtsetfo sinye semsebenti wangasese, ngako kusebenta sikhatsi lesisenkontilekeni yakho lesayiniwe. Emakhasimende ahulumende kufanele avame kukhokha ngekhatsi kwemalanga langu-30 ngemuva kwekutfola i-invoyisi ngaphansi kwe-PFMA Treasury Regulations ne-MFMA, ngaphandle uma kuvunyelwene ngalokunye. Hlola i-contract data yakho ngaphambi kwekusayina futsi ufake sikhatsi lesidze senkhokhelo entsengweni ye-tender yakho.

Ngingakhokhisa yini inzalo etinkhokhelweni letephuzile?

Kuvamise kube yebo. Inkontileka yakho ibeka lizinga lenzalo. Uma ingakhulumi lutfo, lizinga lelingaphansi kwe-Prescribed Rate of Interest Act 55 ka-1975 livame kusebenta. Lelo zinga lixhumene ne-repo rate futsi liyashintja ngekuhamba kwesikhatsi. Bala inzalo kusukela elangeni lekukhokha kuya elangeni lenkhokhelo bese uyimangalela ngekubhala.

Ngentenjani uma likhasimende liphikisa sitifiketi senkhokhelo?

Cela tintfo letiphikiswako ngekubhala, futsi ucele likhasimende kutsi likhokhe incenye lengaphikiswa ngesikhatsi lokusele kusombululwa. Phendvula umbuto ngamunye ngekulinganisa, titfombe, lokubhalwe edayarini yesiza netinguculo temsebenti letisayiniwe. Uma kuphikisana kungasonjululwa, kudlulisele ku-adjudication ngaphansi kwe-clause yekusombulula kuphikisana enkontilekeni yakho.

Umakhontileka angamisa yini umsebenti uma angakhokhelwa eNingizimu Afrika?

Kuphela uma inkontileka ikuvumela futsi ulandzela inchubo yayo yetatiso. Tinguculo letinyenti te-JBCC ne-GCC tinika umakhontileka lilungelo lekumisa ngemuva kwesaziso nangabe inkhokhelo ingentiwa. Hlola inguculo yakho. I-NEC yetsembele kakhulu enzalweni, ku-adjudication nasekucedzeni inkontileka. Kumisa ngaphandle kwelilungelo lenkontileka kungakwenta wephule inkontileka, ngako tsatsa seluleko semtsetfo kucala.

Ema-athikili lahlobene: