Iinkokhelo Zokwakha Ezibambezelekako eSA: Amalungelo

Abakhontraga abanengi beSewula Afrika abehlulekako abehluleki ngebanga lobuciko. Baphelelwa yimali ngesikhathi balindele ukubhadelwa umsebenzi abawuqeda iinyanga ezidlulileko.

Igayidi le ihlathulula amalungelo wakho lokha ikhasimende lokwakha libhadela sekudlulile eSewula Afrika. Ifaka imithetho yenkokhelo ngaphasi kweenkontraka ze-JBCC, NEC ne-GCC, inzalo yenkokhelo efika sekudlulile, ukuthi kubayini amakhasimende abhadela sekudlulile, indlela yokukuvimbela neenyathelo okufuze uzithathe lokha imali idlulwe sikhathi.

Kubayini iinkokhelo ezibambezelekako zilimaza abakhontraga beSewula Afrika

Iinkokhelo ezibambezelekako zilimaza abakhontraga beSewula Afrika ngombana babhadela abasebenzi, izinto zokwakha neensetjenziswa (plant) amaviki ngaphambi kobana ikhasimende libabhadele. Yengeza i-retention, kanengi i-5% ukuya ku-10% wesitifiketi ngasinye, begodu ikhontraga ingathwala ingcenye ekulu yeendleko zephrojekthi ku-balance sheet yayo. Ikhasimende linye elibhadela sekudlulile lingamisa zoke ezinye iinzinza.

Nanti indlela ikhala elikhula ngayo emsebenzini wokwakha ojayelekileko:

Wenza umsebenzi phakathi nenyanga begodu ubhadele ithimba lakho nabaphakeli.
Ufaka isimangalo sakho senkokhelo ekupheleni kwenyanga.
I-principal agent namkha i-quantity surveyor ilinganisa umsebenzi begodu ikhuphe isitifiketi senkokhelo.
Ikhasimende libhadela ngaphakathi kwesikhathi esisenkontrageni, namkha ngemva kwalokho.

Ngitjho nalokha woke umuntu alandela inkontraka, ikhala kusukela ekusebenziseni imali ukuya ekubhadelweni lingaba maviki asithandathu ukuya kwamabunane. Lokha isitifiketi sifika sekudlulile namkha ikhasimende libhadela sekudlulile, liyakhula.

I-retention yenza kube kumbi khulu. Ephrojekthini ye-R5,000,000 ene-retention ye-10%, i-R500,000 iyabanjwa. Ingcenye ingabuya ku-practical completion bese eseleko ibuye ku-final completion, ngemva kwe-defects liability period. Nangabe ukuqedwa kudlula, nemali iyadlula.

I-quantity surveyor ne-principal agent zihlala phakathi kwalokhu. Ukulinganisa kwazo nesitifiketi kuthomisa iwatjhi yenkokhelo, ngalokho isitifiketi esifika sekudlulile kanengi libanga lokuthoma lenkokhelo efika sekudlulile.

Ngiyiphi imigomo yenkokhelo esebenza ngaphasi kwe-JBCC, NEC ne-GCC?

Ngaphasi kweenkontraka ze-JBCC, NEC ne-GCC, isikhathi senkokhelo, izinga lenzalo nelungelo lokumisa umsebenzi koke kuvela enkontrageni esayiniweko naku-contract data yayo. Asikho isikhathi senkokhelo sinye somkhakha woke eSewula Afrika. Amakhasimende womkhakha womphakathi anomsebenzi ohlukileko wokubhadela ngaphakathi kwamalanga ama-30 kusukela ekwamukeleni i-invoyisi, ngaphandle kobana kuvunyelwene ngokunye.

Ithebula elingaphasi litjengisa indlela ifomu ngayinye esebenza ngayo ngokujayelekileko. Hlala ufunda uhlelo lwakho ne-contract data.

Ifomu yenkontraka	Ngubani onikela isitifiketi senkokhelo	Isikhathi senkokhelo	Inzalo yenkokhelo efika sekudlulile	Iindlela eziqakathekileko zokulungisa
JBCC Principal Building Agreement	I-principal agent ikhupha iinsitifiketi zenkokhelo zesikhatjhana.	Sibekwe enkontrageni naku-contract data.	Njengoba kubekwe enkontrageni.	Inzalo, ukumisa ngemva kwesaziso, ukuqeda inkontraka, i-adjudication.
NEC4 Engineering and Construction Contract	I-Project Manager inikela isitifiketi ngelanga ngalinye lokulinganisa.	Ngaphakathi kwamaviki amathathu kusukela elangeni lokulinganisa, ngaphandle kobana i-contract data itjho okunye.	Inzalo ngezinga elibekwe ku-contract data.	Inzalo, i-adjudication ngaphasi kwama-W option, ukuqeda inkontraka.
GCC 2015 (imisebenzi ye-civil)	I-Engineer inikela isitifiketi sesitatimende senyanga sekhontraga.	Sibekwe emigomweni naku-contract data.	Njengoba kubekwe enkontrageni.	Inzalo, ukumisa, i-adjudication, i-arbitration.

Emsebenzini womkhakha womphakathi, i-Treasury Regulations ngaphasi kwe-Public Finance Management Act (PFMA) ifuna iminyango kazwelonke neyephrovinsi ibhadele ngaphakathi kwamalanga ama-30 kusukela ekwamukeleni i-invoyisi, ngaphandle kobana kuvunyelwene ngokunye. I-Municipal Finance Management Act (MFMA) inomthetho ofanako wamalanga ama-30 kubomasipala.

Imithetho yenkokhelo esheshako (prompt payment regulations) ngaphasi kwe-CIDB Act nayo iphakanyisiwe. Hlola isimo sayo sanje ngaphambi kokuthembela kiyo esazisweni.

Ukuthola okunengi ngokuthi amafomu ahluka njani, funda iinkontraka ze-JBCC vs NEC vs GCC.

Ingabe ungabiza inzalo ngeenkokhelo zokwakha ezifika sekudlulile?

Iye, ngokuvamileko ungabiza inzalo ngenkokhelo yokwakha efika sekudlulile, ngezinga elisenkontrageni yakho namkha, nangabe inkontraka ithulile, ngezinga elibekwe ngaphasi kwe-Prescribed Rate of Interest Act 55 of 1975. Izinga leli lishicilelwa ku-Government Gazette begodu lihlanganiswe ne-repo rate ye-Reserve Bank, ngalokho liyatjhuguluka ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.

Inzalo ibalwa kusukela elangeni inkokhelo ebeyifanele ngalo ukuya elangeni ebhadelwa ngalo. Indlela elula:

Inzalo yelanga = inani elidlulwe sikhathi × izinga lomnyaka ÷ 365
Inzalo yoke = inzalo yelanga × amalanga adlulileko

Isibonelo. Isitifiketi se-R1,000,000 sibhadelwa amalanga ama-45 sekudlulile. Nangabe izinga elisebenzako yi-11% ngomnyaka:

Into	Inani
Inani elidlulwe sikhathi	R1,000,000
Inzalo yelanga (R1,000,000 × 11% ÷ 365)	R301.37
Amalanga adlulileko	45
Inzalo efaneleko (R301.37 × 45)	R13,561.65

I-11% yeyesibonelo kwaphela. Sebenzisa izinga elisenkontrageni yakho namkha izinga elibekiweko lanje. Biza inzalo ngokutlola, nenomboro yesitifiketi nelanga ebeyifanele ngalo, qobe nakubhadelwa sekudlulile.

Kubayini amakhasimende abhadela sekudlulile?

Amakhasimende ngokuvamileko abhadela sekudlulile ngamabanga amane: aphikisana ngomsebenzi namkha ngokulinganisa, amaphepha ahamba kancani, atlhayela imali, namkha uhlu lwawo lokuvunyelwa lude. Ibanga ngalinye lidinga ipendulo ehlukileko. Ukwazi ukuthi ngiliphi ojamelene nalo kukutjela ukuthi uthumele ubufakazi, ulandele isignitjha namkha uzivikele ebungozini besikweletu.

Ibanga	Iimbonakaliso ezijayelekileko	Lokho okusizako
Ukuphikisana ngekhwalithi namkha ngokulinganisa	Izinto zisuswa esitifiketini, amaphutha aphakanyiswa sekudlulile.	Izithombe, okutlolwe ku-site diary, ama-variation order asayiniweko.
Amaphepha ahamba kancani	Isitifiketi sikhutjhwa sekudlulile, amadokhumenti asekelako atjhodile.	Iimangalo ezipheleleko, ezifakwe ngesikhathi, nobufakazi obusekelako.
Ukutlhayela imali kwekhasimende	Amazawu, iinkokhelo ezingakapheleli, ukulinda ukuthengiswa namkha ukudonswa kwemali ebhanga.	Ukuhlola isikweletu, iinqinisekiso zenkokhelo, imijikelezo yenkokhelo efitjhani.
Uhlu lokuvunyelwa olude	Ukusayinwa okunengi, imibuzo yethimba leemali.	Yazi inqubo kusesenesikhathi, landelela esigabeni ngasinye.

Abathuthukisi abaxhasa ukwakha ngokudonsa imali ebhanga kanengi babhadela sekudlulile lokha i-quantity surveyor yebhanga ingakasayini. Buza ngesakhiwo sokuxhasa ngaphambi kokusayina.

Ungazivimbela njani iinkokhelo ezibambezelekako

Ukuzivikela okuhle khulu enkokhelweni efika sekudlulile kulungiswa ngaphambi kobana umsebenzi uthome: imigomo yenkokhelo ecacileko enkontrageni, iimangalo ezipheleleko qobe nyanga, nomkhuba omiselweko wokulandelela. Iinkokhelo ezinengi ezifika sekudlulile ezaba kuphikisana zathoma njengesimangalo esingakapheleli namkha i-variation engakasayinwa. Iinyathelo lezi zinciphisa ubungozi lobo kinanyana ngiyiphi iphrojekthi ye-JBCC, NEC namkha i-GCC.

Ngaphambi kokusayina:

Hlola isikhathi senkokhelo, izinga lenzalo namalungelo wokumisa ku-contract data.
Buza ukuthi ikhasimende liyixhasa njani iphrojekthi.
Bawa isiqinisekiso senkokhelo (payment guarantee) emisebenzini emikhulu namkha enobungozi obukhulu.
Faka ubungozi benkokhelo entengweni yethenda yakho.

Qobe nyanga:

Faka isimangalo sakho ngelanga lenkontraka, nemilinganiso, izithombe nokutlolwe ku-site diary.
Vumelisa yoke i-variation ngokutlola ngaphambi kokwenza umsebenzi.
Landela ilanga lesitifiketi nelanga lenkokhelo lephrojekthi ngayinye.
Landelela amalanga ambalwa ngaphambi kwelanga lenkokhelo, angasi ngemva.

Lokha umsebenzi utjhuguluka:

Beka intengo ye-variation begodu uyisayinise ngaphambi kobana umsebenzi uthome.
Yengeze esimangalweni esilandelako nokuvunywa kwayo kunanyathiselwe.

Ukuthola inqubo epheleleko yesitifiketi, bona igayidi yesitifiketi senkokhelo se-JBCC. Ukuhlela okubanzi, bona ukulawula i-cash flow yokwakha eSewula Afrika.

Usalandela iinsitifiketi zenkokhelo ne-retention nge-spreadsheet? I-Wakha iqhuba iinkokhelo zokuragela phambili ngaphasi kwe-JBCC, NEC ne-GCC, ama-variation order ne-cash flow command centre esoftwareni yinye eyakhelwe abakhi beSewula Afrika: bona idemo yomkhiqizo.

Kufuze wenzeni lokha ikhasimende libhadela sekudlulile?

Lokha ikhasimende libhadela sekudlulile, thatha amagadango ngokulandelana: thumela isaziso esisemthethweni, biza inzalo, khuphulela phezulu ngokutlola, bese usebenzisa iindlela zokulungisa ezisenkontrageni yakho ezifana ne-adjudication namkha ukumisa. Landela inqubo yeembiko yenkontraka yakho ncamashi. Indlela yokulungisa esetjenziswa ngaphandle kwesaziso esifaneleko ingakwenza waphule inkontraka. Thatha iseluleko somthetho ngaphambi kokumisa umsebenzi.

Isinyathelo	Nini	Lokho okufuze ukwenze
1. Isikhumbuzo	Amalanga ambalwa ngaphambi kwelanga lenkokhelo	Qinisekisa inomboro yesitifiketi, inani nelanga lenkokhelo.
2. Isaziso esisemthethweni	Ilanga elilandela ilanga lenkokhelo	Isaziso esitloliweko ekhasimendeni nakwi-principal agent, sibhekisela emutjhweni wenkontraka.
3. Isimangalo senzalo	Nesaziso	Tjho izinga nendlela inzalo ebalwa ngayo.
4. Ukukhuphulela phezulu	Nangabe isolo ingabhadelwanga	Tlolela abaphathi abaphezulu bekhasimende nomlando wenkokhelo.
5. I-adjudication	Nangabe inani liphikiswana ngalo namkha alibhadelwanga	Dlulisela ukuphikisana ngaphasi komutjho we-adjudication wenkontraka yakho.
6. Ukumisa	Kwaphela nangabe inkontraka iyakuvumela	Nikela isaziso esitloliweko esifunekako, bese umisa begodu utlole amalanga.

Isaziso esisemthethweni. Sebenzisa isihloko esicacileko, esifana ne-”Inkokhelo edlulwe sikhathi, isitifiketi 7”. Bhekisela enkontrageni, esitifiketini, enanini, elangeni lenkokhelo namalangeni adlulileko. Gcina ikhophi nobufakazi bokulethwa.

I-adjudication. I-JBCC, i-NEC ne-GCC zoke zinikela nge-adjudication. Isiqunto se-adjudicator ngokuvamileko siyabopha bekube sitjhugululwa yi-arbitration namkha yikhotho, begodu amakhotho ngokujayelekileko ayasiqinisa. Isheshisa begodu ibiza kancani kunokuya ekhotho.

Ukumisa. Hlola isikhathi sesaziso nemigomo esenkontrageni yakho kuqala. Tlola ilanga owalisa ngalo nelanga owathoma godu ngalo. Ukumisa kwengeza ingcindezi, kodwana kumisa nengeniso yakho, ngalokho kusebenzise ngokutjheja.

Kubayini ama-spreadsheet ehluleka ukulandela iinkokhelo

Ama-spreadsheet ehluleka ukulandela iinkokhelo zokwakha ngombana akazi ukuthi ngisiphi isitifiketi esifaneleko, ngisiphi esidlulwe sikhathi namkha ngiyiphi i-retention elungele ukukhutjhwa. Lokha ikhasimende libuza ngomugqa othileko, ubufakazi buhlala ku-imeyili, ku-WhatsApp nemaphepheni. Isikhathi esichithwa kubufuna sikhathi imali esihlala ngaso ku-akhawunti yekhasimende.

Iinkinga ezijayelekileko:

Iinsitifiketi ezakhiwe emafayelini ahlukeneko wephrojekthi ngayinye, namaphutha wamafomula.
Akukho isaziso lokha inkokhelo idlula ilanga layo.
Amanani we-retention alandelwa ngesandla.
Ukuvunywa kwama-variation nezithombe zesiza kugcinwe kwenye indawo.

Isilungiso mtlolo munye ngephrojekthi ngayinye ohlanganisa isimangalo, isitifiketi, ama-variation, i-retention nobufakazi, namalanga wenkokhelo ongawabona kizo zoke iinzinza.

Isiphetho

Inkokhelo efika sekudlulile yinkinga yenkontraka ngaphambi kobana ibe yinkinga yemali. Yazi isikhathi senkokhelo, izinga lenzalo neendlela zokulungisa eziku-contract data yakho. Faka iimangalo ezipheleleko ngesikhathi, sayinisa ama-variation kuqala, begodu uthathe igadango ngelanga elilandela ilanga lenkokhelo. Abakhontraga abalandelela kusesenesikhathi begodu ngokutlola babhadelwa msinyana.

Imibuzo Ebuzwa Qobe

Yini inkokhelo ebambezelekako ekwakheni?

Inkokhelo ebambezelekako nanyana ngiliphi inani elinikelwe isitifiketi namkha elifaneleko ngaphasi kwenkontraka yokwakha ikhasimende elingakalibhadeli ngelanga elisenkontrageni. ESewula Afrika, ilanga lelo livela ku-contract data ye-JBCC, NEC namkha i-GCC. Lokha inkokhelo isidlulwe sikhathi, ikhontraga ngokuvamileko ingabiza inzalo begodu isebenzise iindlela zokulungisa zenkontraka.

Ngisiphi isikhathi senkokhelo esinengqondo somsebenzi wokwakha eSewula Afrika?

Asikho isikhathi somthetho sinye somsebenzi wangasese, ngalokho kusebenza isikhathi esisenkontrageni yakho esayiniweko. Amakhasimende womkhakha womphakathi ngokujayelekileko kufuze abhadele ngaphakathi kwamalanga ama-30 kusukela ekwamukeleni i-invoyisi ngaphasi kwe-PFMA Treasury Regulations ne-MFMA, ngaphandle kobana kuvunyelwene ngokunye. Hlola i-contract data yakho ngaphambi kokusayina begodu ufake nanyana ngisiphi isikhathi senkokhelo eside entengweni yethenda yakho.

Ingabe ngingabiza inzalo ngeenkokhelo ezifika sekudlulile?

Ngokuvamileko, iye. Inkontraka yakho ibeka izinga lenzalo. Nangabe ithulile, izinga elingaphasi kwe-Prescribed Rate of Interest Act 55 of 1975 ngokujayelekileko liyasebenza. Izinga leli lihlanganiswe ne-repo rate begodu liyatjhuguluka ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Bala inzalo kusukela elangeni lenkokhelo ukuya elangeni lokubhadelwa begodu uyibize ngokutlola.

Kufuze ngenzeni nangabe ikhasimende liphikisana ngesitifiketi senkokhelo?

Bawa izinto eziphikiswana ngazo ngokutlola, begodu ubawe ikhasimende libhadele ingcenye engaphikiswana ngayo ngesikhathi enye irarululwa. Phendula umbuzo ngamunye ngemilinganiso, izithombe, okutlolwe ku-site diary nama-variation asayiniweko. Nangabe ukuphikisana kungazwananga, kudlulisele ku-adjudication ngaphasi komutjho wokurarulula ukuphikisana wenkontraka yakho.

Ingabe ikhontraga ingamisa umsebenzi nangabe ingabhadelwa eSewula Afrika?

Kwaphela nangabe inkontraka iyakuvumela begodu ulandela inqubo yayo yeembiko. Iinhlelo ezinengi ze-JBCC ne-GCC zinikela ikhontraga ilungelo lokumisa ngemva kwesaziso lokha inkokhelo ingenziwa. Hlola uhlelo lwakho. I-NEC ithembele khulu enzalweni, ku-adjudication nekuqedeni inkontraka. Ukumisa ngaphandle kwelungelo lenkontraka kungakwenza waphule inkontraka, ngalokho thatha iseluleko somthetho kuqala.

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